Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| ticknet-a collaborative public health approach to tickborne disease surveillance and research. | ticknet, a public health network, was created in 2007 to foster greater collaboration between state health departments, academic centers, and the centers for disease control and prevention on surveillance and prevention of tickborne diseases. research activities are conducted through the emerging infections program and include laboratory surveys, high-quality prevention trials, and pathogen discovery. | 2015 | 26291549 |
| encephalitis surveillance through the emerging infections program, 1997-2010. | encephalitis is a devastating illness that commonly causes neurologic disability and has a case fatality rate >5% in the united states. an etiologic agent is identified in <50% of cases, making diagnosis challenging. the centers for disease control and prevention emerging infections program (eip) encephalitis project established syndromic surveillance for encephalitis in new york, california, and tennessee, with the primary goal of increased identification of causative agents and secondary goals ... | 2015 | 26295485 |
| west nile virus and other nationally notifiable arboviral diseases - united states, 2014. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes and ticks. west nile virus (wnv) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease in the united states (1). however, several other arboviruses also cause sporadic cases and seasonal outbreaks. this report summarizes surveillance data reported to cdc in 2014 for wnv and other nationally notifiable arboviruses, excluding dengue. forty-two states and the district of colu ... | 2015 | 26334477 |
| ecuador paraiso escondido virus, a new flavivirus isolated from new world sand flies in ecuador, is the first representative of a novel clade in the genus flavivirus. | a new flavivirus, ecuador paraiso escondido virus (epev), named after the village where it was discovered, was isolated from sand flies (psathyromyia abonnenci, formerly lutzomyia abonnenci) that are unique to the new world. this represents the first sand fly-borne flavivirus identified in the new world. epev exhibited a typical flavivirus genome organization. nevertheless, the maximum pairwise amino acid sequence identity with currently recognized flaviviruses was 52.8%. phylogenetic analysis o ... | 2015 | 26355096 |
| detection of langat virus by taqman real-time one-step qrt-pcr method. | langat virus (lgtv), one of the members of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) complex, was firstly isolated from ixodes granulatus ticks in malaysia. however, the prevalence of lgtv in ticks in the region remains unknown. surveillance for lgtv is therefore important and thus a tool for specific detection of lgtv is needed. in the present study, we developed a real-time quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) for rapid detection of lgtv. our findings showed th ... | 2015 | 26360297 |
| a multiplex pcr/ldr assay for the simultaneous identification of category a infectious pathogens: agents of viral hemorrhagic fever and variola virus. | cdc designated category a infectious agents pose a major risk to national security and require special action for public health preparedness. they include viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fever (vhf) syndrome as well as variola virus, the agent of smallpox. vhf is characterized by hemorrhage and fever with multi-organ failure leading to high morbidity and mortality. smallpox, a prior scourge, has been eradicated for decades, making it a particularly serious threat if released nefariously in ... | 2015 | 26381398 |
| ixodes scapularis and ixodes ricinus tick cell lines respond to infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus: transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. | ixodid ticks are important vectors of a wide variety of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. although several studies have elucidated tick responses to bacteria, little is known about the tick response to viruses. to gain insight into the response of tick cells to flavivirus infection, the transcriptomes and proteomes of two ixodes spp cell lines infected with the flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) were analysed. | 2015 | 26582129 |
| lyme disease coinfections in the united states. | lyme disease in north america is caused by infection with the spirochetal bacterium borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ixodes scapularis and ixodes pacificus ticks. these ticks also have the potential to transmit a rapidly expanding list of other pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites, including anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, deer tick (powassan) virus, borrelia miyamotoi, and the ehrlichia muris-like organism. coinfections with b burgdorferi and these other agents are oft ... | 2015 | 26593260 |
| emerging horizons for tick-borne pathogens: from the 'one pathogen-one disease' vision to the pathobiome paradigm. | ticks, as vectors of several notorious zoonotic pathogens, represent an important and increasing threat for human and animal health in europe. recent applications of new technology revealed the complexity of the tick microbiome, which may affect its vectorial capacity. appreciation of these complex systems is expanding our understanding of tick-borne pathogens, leading us to evolve a more integrated view that embraces the 'pathobiome'; the pathogenic agent integrated within its abiotic and bioti ... | 2015 | 26610021 |
| coinfection by ixodes tick-borne pathogens: ecological, epidemiological, and clinical consequences. | ixodes ticks maintain a large and diverse array of human pathogens in the enzootic cycle, including borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti. despite the poor ecological fitness of b. microti, babesiosis has recently emerged in areas endemic for lyme disease. studies in ticks, reservoir hosts, and humans indicate that coinfection with b. burgdorferi and b. microti is common, promotes transmission and emergence of b. microti in the enzootic cycle, and causes greater disease severity and duration ... | 2015 | 26613664 |
| arbovirus infections. | arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) infections are increasingly important causes of neurologic disease in the united states through both endemic transmission and travel-associated infections. this article reviews the major arbovirus infections that can cause neurologic disease likely to be encountered in the united states. | 0 | 26633778 |
| emerging cases of powassan virus encephalitis in new england: clinical presentation, imaging, and review of the literature. | powassan virus (powv) is a rarely diagnosed cause of encephalitis in the united states. in the northeast, it is transmitted by ixodes scapularis, the same vector that transmits lyme disease. the prevalence of powv among animal hosts and vectors has been increasing. we present 8 cases of powv encephalitis from massachusetts and new hampshire in 2013-2015. | 2016 | 26668338 |
| human coinfection with borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti in the united states. | borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, and babesia microti, a causative agent of babesiosis, are increasingly implicated in the growing tick-borne disease burden in the northeastern united states. these pathogens are transmitted via the bite of an infected tick vector, ixodes scapularis, which is capable of harboring and inoculating a host with multiple pathogens simultaneously. clinical presentation of the diseases is heterogeneous and ranges from mild flu-like symptoms to n ... | 2015 | 26697208 |
| identification of a flavivirus sequence in a marine arthropod. | phylogenetic analysis has yet to uncover the early origins of flaviviruses. in this study, i mined a database of expressed sequence tags in order to discover novel flavivirus sequences. flavivirus sequences were identified in a pool of mrna extracted from the sea spider endeis spinosa (pycnogonida, pantopoda). reconstruction of the translated sequences and blast analysis matched the sequence to the flavivirus ns5 gene. additional sequences corresponding to envelope and the ns5 mtase domain were ... | 2015 | 26717191 |
| ixodes scapularis tick saliva proteins sequentially secreted every 24 h during blood feeding. | ixodes scapularis is the most medically important tick species and transmits five of the 14 reportable human tick borne disease (tbd) agents in the usa. this study describes lc-ms/ms identification of 582 tick- and 83 rabbit proteins in saliva of i. scapularis ticks that fed for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h, as well as engorged but not detached (bd), and spontaneously detached (sd). the 582 tick proteins include proteases (5.7%), protease inhibitors (7.4%), unknown function proteins (22%), immunity ... | 2016 | 26751078 |
| management approaches for suspected and established lyme disease used at the lyme disease diagnostic center. | 2015 marks the 27th year that the lyme disease diagnostic center, located in new york state in the united states, has provided care for patients with suspected or established deer tick-transmitted infections. there are five deer tick-transmitted infectious in this geographic area of which lyme disease is the most common.for patients with erythema migrans, we do not obtain any laboratory testing. however, if the patient is febrile at the time of the visit or reports rigors and high-grade fevers, ... | 2016 | 26768265 |
| kissing-loop interaction between 5' and 3' ends of tick-borne langat virus genome 'bridges the gap' between mosquito- and tick-borne flaviviruses in mechanisms of viral rna cyclization: applications for virus attenuation and vaccine development. | insertion of microrna target sequences into the flavivirus genome results in selective tissue-specific attenuation and host-range restriction of live attenuated vaccine viruses. however, previous strategies for mirna-targeting did not incorporate a mechanism to prevent target elimination under mirna-mediated selective pressure, restricting their use in vaccine development. to overcome this limitation, we developed a new approach for mirna-targeting of tick-borne flavivirus (langat virus, lgtv) i ... | 2016 | 26850640 |
| changes in the proteome of langat-infected ixodes scapularis ise6 cells: metabolic pathways associated with flavivirus infection. | ticks (family ixodidae) transmit a variety of disease causing agents to humans and animals. the tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfs; family flaviviridae) are a complex of viruses, many of which cause encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever, and represent global threats to human health and biosecurity. pathogenesis has been well studied in human and animal disease models. equivalent analyses of tick-flavivirus interactions are limited and represent an area of study that could reveal novel approaches for tbf ... | 2016 | 26859745 |
| four emerging arboviral diseases in north america: jamestown canyon, powassan, chikungunya, and zika virus diseases. | arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, are viruses that are transmitted through the bites of mosquitoes, ticks, or sandflies. there are numerous arboviruses throughout the world capable of causing human disease spanning different viral families and genera. recently, jamestown canyon, powassan, chikungunya, and zika viruses have emerged as increasingly important arboviruses that can cause human disease in north america. unfortunately, there are currently no proven disease-modifying therapies fo ... | 2016 | 26903031 |
| recovery of west nile virus envelope protein domain iii chimeras with altered antigenicity and mouse virulence. | flaviviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded rna viruses responsible for millions of human infections annually. the envelope (e) protein of flaviviruses comprises three structural domains, of which domain iii (eiii) represents a discrete subunit. the eiii gene sequence typically encodes epitopes recognized by virus-specific, potently neutralizing antibodies, and eiii is believed to play a major role in receptor binding. in order to assess potential interactions between eiii and the remainder ... | 2016 | 26912625 |
| major emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases of public health importance in canada. | in canada, the emergence of vector-borne diseases may occur via international movement and subsequent establishment of vectors and pathogens, or via northward spread from endemic areas in the usa. re-emergence of endemic vector-borne diseases may occur due to climate-driven changes to their geographic range and ecology. lyme disease, west nile virus (wnv), and other vector-borne diseases were identified as priority emerging non-enteric zoonoses in canada in a prioritization exercise conducted by ... | 2015 | 26954882 |
| protective immunity spectrum induced by immunization with a vaccine from the tbev strain sofjin. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) circulates widely in the territory of eurasia with up to 10,000 cases registered annually. the tbe virus (tbev) includes three main subtypes: european, siberian and far-eastern, and two new asiatic variants, phylogenetically distant from the others. the inactivated antigen of european or far-eastern strains is used in commercial tbe vaccines. a set of 14 tbev strains, isolated in 1937-2008, with different passage histories, representing all subtypes and variants, wa ... | 2016 | 27013433 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of adenosine analog nitd008 against tick-borne flaviviruses. | there are currently no antiviral therapies available for the tick-borne flaviviruses associated with hemorrhagic fevers: kyasanur forest disease virus (kfdv), both classical and the alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (ahfv) subtype, and omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (ohfv). in this brief study, we describe the in vitro antiviral activity of adenosine analog nitd008 against kfdv, ahfv, ohfv, as well as tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev). alongside the well-established activity of nitd008 against m ... | 2016 | 27016316 |
| human pathogens associated with the blacklegged tick ixodes scapularis: a systematic review. | the blacklegged tick ixodes scapularis transmits borrelia burgdorferi (sensu stricto) in eastern north america; however, the agent of lyme disease is not the sole pathogen harbored by the blacklegged tick. the blacklegged tick is expanding its range into areas of southern canada such as ontario, an area where exposure to blacklegged tick bites and tick-borne pathogens is increasing. we performed a systematic review to evaluate the public health risks posed by expanding blacklegged tick populatio ... | 2016 | 27151067 |
| diversity of viruses in ixodes ricinus, and characterization of a neurotropic strain of eyach virus. | ticks transmit more pathogens-including bacteria, parasites and viruses-than any other arthropod vector. although the epidemiological status of many tick-borne bacteria is very well characterized, tick-borne viruses are still relatively under-studied. recently, several novel tick-borne viruses have been isolated from human febrile illnesses following tick bites, indicating the existence of other potential new and unknown tick-borne viruses. we used high-throughput sequencing to analyse the virom ... | 2016 | 27158509 |
| immune cell targets of infection at the tick-skin interface during powassan virus transmission. | powassan virus (powv) is a tick-borne flavivirus that can result in a severe neuroinvasive disease with 50% of survivors displaying long-term neurological sequelae. human powv cases have been documented in canada, the united states, and russia. although the number of reported powv human cases has increased in the past fifteen years, powv remains one of the less studied human pathogenic flaviviruses. ixodes ticks are the vectors for powv, and the virus is transmitted to a host's skin very early d ... | 2016 | 27203436 |
| molecular detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and tick-borne encephalitis viruses in ixodid ticks collected from vegetation, republic of korea, 2014. | ticks play an important role in transmission of arboviruses responsible for emerging infectious diseases, and have a significant impact on human, veterinary, and wildlife health. in the republic of korea (rok), little is known about information regarding the presence of tick-borne viruses and their vectors. a total of 21,158 ticks belonging to 3 genera and 6 species collected at 6 provinces and 4 metropolitan areas in the rok from march to october 2014 were assayed for selected tick-borne pathog ... | 2016 | 27211914 |
| transcriptome analysis reveals a signature profile for tick-borne flavivirus persistence in hek 293t cells. | tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfvs) cause febrile illnesses, which may progress to severe encephalitis and/or death in humans globally. most people who recover from severe acute disease suffer from debilitating neurological sequelae, which may be due to viral persistence, infection-induced neurological cell damage, host response, or some combination of these. acute tbfv infection of human embryonic kidney (hek) 293t cells in vitro results in the death of >95% of infected cells by day 5. however, rep ... | 2016 | 27222466 |
| prevalence of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, in blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis at hamilton-wentworth, ontario. | lyme disease has emerged as a major health concern in canada, where the etiological agent, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), a spirochetal bacterium, is typically spread by the bite of certain ticks. this study explores the presence of b. burgdorferi s.l. in blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis, collected at dundas, ontario (a locality within the region of hamilton-wentworth). using passive surveillance, veterinarians and pet groomers were asked to collect blacklegged ticks from dogs and c ... | 2016 | 27226771 |
| stability of a tick-borne flavivirus in milk. | the tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfv) occur worldwide and the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) members of the group often cause severe, debilitating neurological disease in humans. although the primary route of infection is through the bite of an infected tick, alimentary infection through the consumption of tbev-contaminated dairy products is also well-documented and is responsible for some disease in endemic areas. experimental infection of goats, cattle, and sheep with tbev shows that the vi ... | 2016 | 27243000 |
| first evidence of established populations of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus (acari: ixodidae) in sweden. | the tick species ixodes ricinus and i. persulcatus are of exceptional medical importance in the western and eastern parts, respectively, of the palaearctic region. in russia and finland the range of i. persulcatus has recently increased. in finland the first records of i. persulcatus are from 2004. the apparent expansion of its range in finland prompted us to investigate if i. persulcatus also occurs in sweden. | 2016 | 27370406 |
| infection resistance and tolerance in peromyscus spp., natural reservoirs of microbes that are virulent for humans. | the widely-distributed north american species peromyscus leucopus and p. maniculatus of cricetine rodents are, between them, important natural reservoirs for several zoonotic diseases of humans: lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, erhlichiosis, hard tickborne relapsing fever, powassan virus encephalitis, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and plague. while these infections are frequently disabling and sometimes fatal for humans, the peromyscines display little pathology and ap ... | 2017 | 27381345 |
| flavivirus ns1: a multifaceted enigmatic viral protein. | flaviviruses are emerging arthropod-borne viruses representing an immense global health problem. the prominent viruses of this group include dengue virus, yellow fever virus, japanese encephalitis virus, west nile virus tick borne encephalitis virus and zika virus. these are endemic in many parts of the world. they are responsible for the illness ranging from mild flu like symptoms to severe hemorrhagic, neurologic and cognitive manifestations leading to death. ns1 is a highly conserved non-stru ... | 2016 | 27473856 |
| interaction of flaviviruses with reproduction inhibitors binding in β-og pocket: insights from molecular dynamics simulations. | flaviviral diseases, including dengue fever, west nile fever, yellow fever, tick-borne encephalitis, omsk haemorrhagic fever, and powassan encephalitis, threaten human health all over the world. lack of effective antivirals targeting replication cycle of flaviviruses makes the search of such compounds a challenging task. recently we have identified a reproduction inhibitor effective against tick-borne encephalitis virus and powassan virus (powv) (acs med. chem. lett., 2013, 4, 869-874). to enabl ... | 2014 | 27485304 |
| spinal cord ventral horns and lymphoid organ involvement in powassan virus infection in a mouse model. | powassan virus (powv) belongs to the family flaviviridae and is a member of the tick-borne encephalitis serogroup. transmission of powv from infected ticks to humans has been documented in the usa, canada, and russia, causing fatal encephalitis in 10% of human cases and significant neurological sequelae in survivors. we used c57bl/6 mice to investigate powv infection and pathogenesis. after footpad inoculation, infected animals exhibited rapid disease progression and 100% mortality. immunohistoc ... | 2016 | 27529273 |
| transmission and evolution of tick-borne viruses. | ticks transmit a diverse array of viruses such as tick-borne encephalitis virus, powassan virus, and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus that are reemerging in many parts of the world. most tick-borne viruses (tbvs) are rna viruses that replicate using error-prone polymerases and produce genetically diverse viral populations that facilitate their rapid evolution and adaptation to novel environments. this article reviews the mechanisms of virus transmission by tick vectors, the molecular evolut ... | 2016 | 27569396 |
| bunyaviruses are common in male and female ixodes scapularis ticks in central pennsylvania. | the blacklegged tick ixodes scapularis is widely distributed in the united states and transmits multiple pathogens to humans, wildlife and domestic animals. recently, several novel viruses in the family bunyaviridae (south bay virus (sbv) and blacklegged tick phlebovirus (btpv)) were identified infecting female i. scapularis ticks collected in new york state. we used metagenomic sequencing to investigate the distribution of viruses infecting male and female i. scapularis ticks collected in centr ... | 2016 | 27602290 |
| analysis of the langat virus genome in persistent infection of an ixodes scapularis cell line. | tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfvs) cause a broad spectrum of disease manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to mild febrile illness and life threatening encephalitis. these single-stranded positive-sense (ss(+)) rna viruses are naturally maintained in a persistent infection of ixodid ticks and small-medium sized mammals. the development of cell lines from the ixodid ticks has provided a valuable surrogate system for studying the biology of tbfvs in vitro. when we infected ise6 cells, an ixodes sc ... | 2016 | 27626437 |
| aedes aegypti d7 saliva protein inhibits dengue virus infection. | aedes aegypti is the primary vector of several medically relevant arboviruses including dengue virus (denv) types 1-4. ae. aegypti transmits denv by inoculating virus-infected saliva into host skin during probing and feeding. ae. aegypti saliva contains over one hundred unique proteins and these proteins have diverse functions, including facilitating blood feeding. previously, we showed that ae. aegypti salivary gland extracts (sges) enhanced dissemination of denv to draining lymph nodes. in con ... | 2016 | 27632170 |
| arbovirosis and potential transmission blocking vaccines. | infectious diseases caused by arboviruses (viruses transmitted by arthropods) are undergoing unprecedented epidemic activity and geographic expansion. with the recent introduction of west nile virus (1999), chikungunya virus (2013) and zika virus (2015) to the americas, stopping or even preventing the expansion of viruses into susceptible populations is an increasing concern. with a few exceptions, available vaccines protecting against arboviral infections are nonexistent and current disease pre ... | 2016 | 27664127 |
| molecular detection of flaviviruses and alphaviruses in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from coastal ecosystems in the colombian caribbean. | arboviruses belonging to the genera flavivirus and alphavirus were detected in mosquitoes in a rural area of san bernardo del viento (córdoba, colombia). a total of 22,180 mosquitoes were collected, sorted into 2,102 pools, and tested by generic/nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, dengue virus, west nile virus, st. louis encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and culex flavivirus were detected and identified by sequencing. the detection ... | 2016 | 27706377 |
| zika virus on a spreading spree: what we now know that was unknown in the 1950's. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is transmitted through the bite of aedes spp mosquitoes and less predominantly, through sexual intercourse. prior to 2007, zikv was associated with only sporadic human infections with minimal or no clinical manifestations. recently the virus has caused disease outbreaks from the pacific islands, the americas, and off the coast of west africa with approximately 1.62 million people suspected to be infected in more than 60 countries around the g ... | 2016 | 27716242 |
| established population of blacklegged ticks with high infection prevalence for the lyme disease bacterium, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, on corkscrew island, kenora district, ontario. | we document an established population of blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis, on corkscrew island, kenora district, ontario, canada. primers of the outer surface protein a (ospa) gene, the flagellin (fla) gene, and the flagellin b (flab) gene were used in the pcr assays to detect borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), the lyme disease bacterium. in all, 60 (73%) of 82 adult i. scapularis, were infected with b. burgdorferi s.l. as well, 6 (43%) of 14 unfed i. scapularis nymphs were positive for ... | 2016 | 27877080 |
| lyme disease risk in southern california: abiotic and environmental drivers of ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) density and infection prevalence with borrelia burgdorferi. | tick-borne diseases, particularly lyme disease, are emerging across the northern hemisphere. in order to manage emerging diseases and predict where emergence will likely occur, it is necessary to understand the factors influencing the distribution, abundance and infection prevalence of vector species. in north america, lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease and is transmitted by blacklegged ticks. this study aimed to explore the abiotic and environmental drivers of density and infe ... | 2017 | 28057067 |
| transmission bottlenecks and rnai collectively influence tick-borne flavivirus evolution. | arthropod-borne rna viruses exist within hosts as heterogeneous populations of viral variants and, as a result, possess great genetic plasticity. understanding the micro-evolutionary forces shaping these viruses can provide insights into how they emerge, adapt, and persist in new and changing ecological niches. while considerable attention has been directed toward studying the population dynamics of mosquito-borne viruses, little is known about tick-borne virus populations. therefore, using a mo ... | 2016 | 28058113 |
| modeling powassan virus infection in peromyscus leucopus, a natural host. | the tick-borne flavivirus, powassan virus (powv) causes life-threatening encephalitis in humans in north america and europe. powv is transmitted by ixodid tick vectors that feed on small to medium-sized mammals, such as peromyscus leucopus mice, which may serve as either reservoir, bridge or amplification hosts. intraperitoneal and intracranial inoculation of 4-week old peromyscus leucopus mice with 103 pfu of powv did not result in overt clinical signs of disease. however, following intracrania ... | 2017 | 28141800 |
| emerging causes of arbovirus encephalitis in north america: powassan, chikungunya, and zika viruses. | arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses transmitted by the bite of mosquitoes, ticks, or other arthropods. arboviruses are a common and an increasing cause of human illness in north america. powassan virus, chikungunya virus, and zika virus are arboviruses that have all recently emerged as increasing causes of neurologic illness. powassan virus almost exclusively causes encephalitis, but cases are rare, sporadic, and restricted to portions of north america and russia. chikungunya virus has sprea ... | 2017 | 28229397 |
| notes from the field: powassan virus disease in an infant - connecticut, 2016. | 2017 | 28426641 | |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, borrelia burgdorferi, borrelia miyamotoi, and powassan virus in ticks by a multiplex real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay. | ixodes scapularis ticks are implicated in transmission of anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, borrelia miyamotoi, babesia microti, and powassan virus. we describe the establishment and implementation of the first multiplex real-time pcr assay with the capability to simultaneously detect and differentiate all five pathogens in a single reaction. the application of this assay for analysis of ticks at sites in new york and connecticut revealed a high prevalence of b. microti in ticks f ... | 2017 | 28435891 |
| powassan virus: an emerging arbovirus of public health concern in north america. | powassan virus (powv, flaviviridae) is the only north american member of the tick-borne encephalitis serogroup of flaviviruses. it is transmitted to small- and medium-sized mammals by ixodes scapularis, ixodes cookei, and several other ixodes tick species. humans become infected with powv during spillover transmission from the natural transmission cycles. in humans, powv is the causative agent of a severe neuroinvasive illness with 50% of survivors displaying long-term neurological sequelae. pow ... | 2017 | 28498740 |
| interferon signaling in peromyscus leucopus confers a potent and specific restriction to vector-borne flaviviruses. | tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfvs), including powassan virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus cause encephalitis or hemorrhagic fevers in humans with case-fatality rates ranging from 1-30%. despite severe disease in humans, tbfv infection of natural rodent hosts has little noticeable effect. currently, the basis for resistance to disease is not known. we hypothesize that the coevolution of flaviviruses with their respective hosts has shaped the evolution of potent antiviral factors that suppress v ... | 2017 | 28650973 |
| serologic evidence of powassan virus infection in patients with suspected lyme disease(1). | powassan virus (powv) lineage ii is an emerging tickborne flavivirus with an unknown seroprevalence in humans. in a lyme disease-endemic area, we examined the seroreactivity to powv in 2 patient cohorts and described the clinical features of the powv-seroreactive patients. powv disease might be less neuroinvasive than previously thought. | 2017 | 28726610 |
| flavivirus infection of ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick) ex vivo organotypic cultures and applications for disease control. | ixodes scapularis ticks transmit many infectious agents that cause disease, including tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfvs). tbfv infections cause thousands of human encephalitis cases worldwide annually. in the united states, human tbfv infections with powassan virus (powv) are increasing and have a fatality rate of 10 to 30%. additionally, langat virus (lgtv) is a tbfv of low neurovirulence and is used as a model tbfv. tbfv replication and dissemination within i. scapularis organs are poorly charact ... | 2017 | 28830948 |
| fatal deer tick virus infection in maine. | deer tick virus (dtv), a genetic variant (lineage ii) of powassan virus, is a rare cause of encephalitis in north america. we report a fatal case of dtv encephalitis following a documented bite from an ixodes scapularis tick and the erythema migrans rash associated with lyme disease. | 2017 | 28903511 |
| rapid detection of powassan virus in a patient with encephalitis by metagenomic sequencing. | we describe a patient with severe and progressive encephalitis of unknown etiology. we performed rapid metagenomic sequencing from cerebrospinal fluid and identified powassan virus, an emerging tick-borne flavivirus that has been increasingly detected in the united states. | 2018 | 29020227 |
| peromyscus leucopus mouse brain transcriptome response to powassan virus infection. | powassan virus (powv) is a tick-borne flavivirus responsible for life-threatening encephalitis in north america and some regions of russia. the ticks that have been reported to transmit the virus belong to the ixodes species, and they feed on small-to-medium-sized mammals, such as peromyscus leucopus mice, skunks, and woodchucks. we previously developed a p. leucopus mouse model of powv infection, and the model is characterized by a lack of clinical signs of disease following intraperitoneal or ... | 2017 | 29147886 |
| cross-neutralisation of viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex following tick-borne encephalitis vaccination and/or infection. | the tick-borne encephalitis complex contains a number of flaviviruses that share close genetic homology, and are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality with widespread geographical range. although many members of this complex have been recognised for decades, licenced human vaccines with broad availability are only available for tick-borne encephalitis virus. while tick-borne encephalitis virus vaccines have been demonstrated to induce significant protective immunity, as deter ... | 2017 | 29263866 |
| a roadmap for tick-borne flavivirus research in the "omics" era. | tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfs) affect human health globally. human vaccines provide protection against some tbfs, and antivirals are available, yet tbf-specific control strategies are limited. advances in genomics offer hope to understand the viral complement transmitted by ticks, and to develop disruptive, data-driven technologies for virus detection, treatment, and control. the genome assemblies of ixodes scapularis, the north american tick vector of the tbf, powassan virus, and other tick vec ... | 2017 | 29312896 |
| powassan virus-a new reemerging tick-borne disease. | powassan virus is a neurovirulent flavivirus consisting of two lineages causing meningoencephalitis. it is the only member of the tick-borne encephalitis serogroup which is present in mainland north america. with a total number of 27 cases from 1958 to 1998 and 98 cases from 1999 to 2016, reported cases have increased by 671% over the last 18 years. powassan infection is transmitted by different tick species in different geographical regions. ixodes scapularis is the primary vector that transmit ... | 2017 | 29312918 |
| the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis: an increasing public health concern. | in the united states, the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis, is a vector of seven human pathogens, including those causing lyme disease, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, borrelia miyamotoi disease, powassan virus disease, and ehrlichiosis associated with ehrlichia muris eauclarensis. in addition to an accelerated rate of discovery of i. scapularis-borne pathogens over the past two decades, the geographic range of the tick, and incidence and range of i. scapularis-borne disease cases, have increased. ... | 2018 | 29336985 |
| development and validation of a serologic test panel for detection of powassan virus infection in u.s. patients residing in regions where lyme disease is endemic. | powassan virus (powv) is an emerging tick-borne arbovirus presenting a public health threat in north america. powv lineage ii, also known as deer tick virus, is the strain of the virus most frequently found in ixodes scapularis ticks and is implicated in most cases of powv encephalitis in the united states. currently, no commercial tests are available to detect powv exposure in tick-borne disease (tbd) patients. we describe here the development and analytical validation of a serologic test panel ... | 2018 | 29359181 |
| zika virus-related neurotropic flaviviruses infect human placental explants and cause fetal demise in mice. | although zika virus (zikv) infection in pregnant women can cause placental damage, intrauterine growth restriction, microcephaly, and fetal demise, these disease manifestations only became apparent in the context of a large epidemic in the americas. we hypothesized that zikv is not unique among arboviruses in its ability to cause congenital infection. to evaluate this, we tested the capacity of four emerging arboviruses [west nile virus (wnv), powassan virus (powv), chikungunya virus (chikv), an ... | 2018 | 29386359 |
| pathogen transmission in relation to duration of attachment by ixodes scapularis ticks. | the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis, is the primary vector to humans in the eastern united states of the deer tick virus lineage of powassan virus (powassan virus disease); the protozoan parasite babesia microti (babesiosis); and multiple bacterial disease agents including anaplasma phagocytophilum (anaplasmosis), borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia mayonii (lyme disease), borrelia miyamotoi (relapsing fever-like illness, named borrelia miyamotoi disease), and ehrlichia muris eauclairensis (a ... | 2018 | 29398603 |
| powassan virus postencephalitic parkinsonism. | 2017 | 29431163 | |
| data-driven predictions and novel hypotheses about zoonotic tick vectors from the genus ixodes. | with the resurgence of tick-borne diseases such as lyme disease and the emergence of new tick-borne pathogens such as powassan virus, understanding what distinguishes vectors from non-vectors, and predicting undiscovered tick vectors is a crucial step towards mitigating disease risk in humans. we aimed to identify intrinsic traits that predict which ixodes tick species are confirmed or strongly suspected to be vectors of zoonotic pathogens. | 2018 | 29448923 |
| a multiplex serologic platform for diagnosis of tick-borne diseases. | tick-borne diseases are the most common vector-borne diseases in the united states, with serology being the primary method of diagnosis. we developed the first multiplex, array-based assay for serodiagnosis of tick-borne diseases called the tbd-serochip. the tbd-serochip was designed to discriminate antibody responses to 8 major tick-borne pathogens present in the united states, including anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, borrelia burgdorferi, borrelia miyamotoi, ehrlichia chaffeensis, ... | 2018 | 29453420 |
| fatal powassan encephalitis (deer tick virus, lineage ii) in a patient with fever and orchitis receiving rituximab. | powassan virus is a rare but increasingly recognized cause of severe neurological disease. | 2018 | 29554185 |
| powassan virus disease in the united states, 2006-2016. | powassan virus (powv) is a tick-borne flavivirus that causes rare, but often severe, disease in humans. powv neuroinvasive disease was added to the u.s. nationally notifiable disease list in 2001 and nonneuroinvasive disease was added in 2004. the only previous review of the epidemiology of powv disease in the united states based on cases reported to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) covered the period from 1999 through 2005. | 2018 | 29652642 |
| powassan virus - an emerging public health concern. | 2018 | 29661817 | |
| evidence of powassan/deer tick virus in adult black-legged ticks (ixodes scapularis) recovered from hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in pennsylvania: a public health perspective. | studies reporting tick infection rates for powassan virus (powv), an emerging zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogen responsible for powv disease in the commonwealth of pennsylvania, are limited. to determine the presence and ascertain a statewide prevalence of powv, ticks were collected from 9,912 hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) heads presented to six regional pennsylvania game commission chronic wasting disease sampling stations in early december of 2013, 2014 and 2015. ... | 2018 | 29707917 |
| what's eating you? ixodes tick and related diseases, part 1: life cycle, local reactions, and lyme disease. | the ixodes tick is an important arthropod vector in the transmission of human disease. this 3-part review highlights the biology of the ixodes tick and manifestations of related diseases. part 1 addresses the ixodes tick biology and life cycle; local reactions; and lyme disease, the most prevalent of associated diseases. part 2 will address human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, powassan virus infection, borrelia miyamotoi disease, tick-borne encephalitis, and tick paralysis. part 3 will a ... | 2018 | 29718024 |
| what's eating you? ixodes tick and related diseases, part 2: diagnosis and treatment of regional tick-borne diseases. | the ixodes tick is an important arthropod vector in the transmission of human disease. although lyme disease is the most prevalent zoonosis transmitted by ixodes ticks, other less common diseases may be encountered, including human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, powassan virus infection, tick-borne encephalitis, borrelia miyamotoi disease, and tick paralysis. in part 2 of this review, disease presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of these less commonly encountered tick-borne diseases ar ... | 2018 | 29763485 |
| generation of a lineage ii powassan virus (deer tick virus) cdna clone: assessment of flaviviral genetic determinants of tick and mosquito vector competence. | the flavivirus genus comprises a diverse group of viruses that utilize a wide range of vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. the genus includes viruses that are transmitted solely by mosquitoes or vertebrate hosts as well as viruses that alternate transmission between mosquitoes or ticks and vertebrates. nevertheless, the viral genetic determinants that dictate these unique flaviviral host and vector specificities have been poorly characterized. in this report, a cdna clone of a flavivirus tha ... | 2018 | 29782238 |
| powassan virus and other arthropod-borne viruses in wildlife and ticks in ontario, canada. | powassan virus (powv) is a tick-borne zoonosis maintained in natural enzootic cycles between ixodid ticks and wild mammals. reported human cases have increased in recent years; these infections can be fatal or lead to long-term neurologic sequelae. however, both the geographic distribution and the role of common, potential mammalian hosts in powv transmission are poorly understood, creating challenges to public health surveillance. we looked for evidence of powv infection among candidate wildlif ... | 2018 | 29869604 |
| breast milk transmission of flaviviruses in the context of zika virus: a systematic review. | since the zika virus epidemic in the americas began in 2015, zika virus transmission has occurred throughout the americas. however, limited information exists regarding possible risks of transmission of zika virus and other flaviviruses through breast feeding and human milk. we conducted a systematic review of the evidence regarding flaviviruses detection in and transmission through milk, specifically regarding zika virus, japanese encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, powassan viru ... | 2018 | 29882971 |
| powassan virus, a scoping review of the global evidence. | powassan virus (powv), a flavivirus discovered in 1958, causes sporadic but severe cases of encephalitis in humans. since 2007, the number of human powassan cases diagnosed each year in the usa has steadily increased. this is in agreement with predictions that powassan cases may increase in north america as a result of increased exposure to infected ticks. however, the increase may also reflect improved diagnostics and reporting among other factors. | 2018 | 29911344 |
| tick-borne flaviviruses and the type i interferon response. | flaviviruses are globally distributed pathogens causing millions of human infections every year. flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses and are mainly transmitted by either ticks or mosquitoes. mosquito-borne flaviviruses and their interactions with the innate immune response have been well-studied and reviewed extensively, thus this review will discuss tick-borne flaviviruses and their interactions with the host innate immune response. | 2018 | 29933625 |
| first confirmed case of powassan neuroinvasive disease in rhode island. | the powassan virus is the arthropod-borne vector responsible for powassan neuroinvasive disease. the virus was first isolated in 1958 and has been responsible for approximately 100 cases of neuroinvasive disease. rates of infection have been on the rise over the past decade with numerous states reporting their first confirmed case; new jersey, new hampshire and connecticut all reported their first case within the last five years. we present here the first confirmed case of powassan neuroinvasive ... | 2018 | 29942757 |
| the role of mammalian reservoir hosts in tick-borne flavivirus biology. | small-to-medium sized mammals and large animals are lucrative sources of blood meals for ixodid ticks that transmit life-threatening tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfvs). tbfvs have been isolated from various organs obtained from wild-caught myodes and apodemus species in europe and asia. thus, these rodents are well-established reservoirs of tbfvs. wild-caught peromyscus species have demonstrated seropositivity against powassan virus, the only tbfv known to circulate in north america, suggesting tha ... | 2018 | 30234026 |
| west nile virus and other nationally notifiable arboviral diseases - united states, 2017. | arthropodborne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes or ticks. west nile virus (wnv) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease in the continental united states (1). other arboviruses, including jamestown canyon, la crosse, powassan, st. louis encephalitis, and eastern equine encephalitis viruses, cause sporadic cases of disease and occasional outbreaks. this report summarizes surveillance data reported to cdc from ... | 2018 | 30335737 |
| tick-borne flaviviruses, with a focus on powassan virus. | the tick-borne pathogen powassan virus is a rare cause of encephalitis in north america and the russian far east. the number of documented cases described since the discovery of powassan virus in 1958 may be <150, although detection of cases has increased over the past decade. in the united states, the incidence of powassan virus infections expanded from the estimated 1 case per year prior to 2005 to 10 cases per year during the subsequent decade. the increased detection rate may be associated w ... | 2019 | 30541872 |
| an mrna vaccine protects mice against multiple tick-transmitted flavivirus infections. | powassan virus (powv) is an emerging tick-transmitted flavivirus that circulates in north america and russia. up to 5% of deer ticks now test positive for powv in certain regions of the northern united states. although powv infections cause life-threatening encephalitis, there is no vaccine or countermeasure available for prevention or treatment. here, we developed a lipid nanoparticle (lnp)-encapsulated modified mrna vaccine encoding the powv prm and e genes and demonstrated its immunogenicity ... | 2018 | 30566864 |
| dissecting flavivirus biology in salivary gland cultures from fed and unfed ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick). | the ixodes scapularis tick transmits a number of pathogens, including tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfvs). in the united states, confirmed human infections with the powassan virus (powv) tbfv have a fatality rate of ∼10% and are increasing in incidence. tick salivary glands (sgs) serve as an organ barrier to tbfv transmission, and little is known regarding the location of tbfv infection in sgs from fed ticks. previous studies showed i. scapularis vanin (vnn) involved with tbfv infection of i. scapul ... | 2019 | 30696737 |
| seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi, b. miyamotoi, and powassan virus in residents bitten by ixodes ticks, maine, usa. | we conducted a serosurvey of 230 persons in maine, usa, who had been bitten by ixodes scapularis or i. cookei ticks. we documented seropositivity for borrelia burgdorferi (13.9%) and b. miyamotoi (2.6%), as well as a single equivocal result (0.4%) for powassan encephalitis virus. | 2019 | 30882312 |
| co-infections in persons with early lyme disease, new york, usa. | in certain regions of new york state, usa, ixodes scapularis ticks can potentially transmit 4 pathogens in addition to borrelia burgdorferi: anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, borrelia miyamotoi, and the deer tick virus subtype of powassan virus. in a prospective study, we systematically evaluated 52 adult patients with erythema migrans, the most common clinical manifestation of b. burgdorferi infection (lyme disease), who had not received treatment for lyme disease. we used serologic t ... | 2019 | 30882316 |
| tick-borne flavivirus reproduction inhibitors based on isoxazole core linked with adamantane. | infections caused by flaviviruses pose a huge threat for public health all over the world. the search for therapeutically relevant compounds targeting tick-borne flaviviruses requires the exploration of novel chemotypes. in the present work a large series of novel polyfunctionalized isoxazole derivatives bearing substituents with various steric and electronic effects was obtained by our unique versatile synthetic procedure and their antiviral activity against tick-borne encephalitis, omsk hemorr ... | 2019 | 30947098 |
| microbiome analysis of ixodes scapularis ticks from new york and connecticut. | we employed high throughput sequencing to survey the microbiomes of ixodes scapularis collected in new york and connecticut. we examined 197 individual i. scapularis adults and pools from 132 adults and 197 nymphs. we detected borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in 56.3% of individual ticks, anaplasma phagocytophilum in 10.6%, borrelia miyamotoi in 5%, babesia microti in 7.6%, and powassan virus in 3.6%. we did not detect borrelia mayonii, ehrlichia muris eauclairensis, bartonella spp. or pathoge ... | 2019 | 31023629 |
| polio-like manifestation of powassan virus infection with anterior horn cell involvement, canada. | evidence of spinal cord involvement in powassan virus infection is largely limited to mouse models. we report a case of a polio-like illness caused by powassan virus infection in a 62-year-old man in canada. magnetic resonance imaging showed t2 hyperintensities in the anterior horns of the cervical spinal cord. | 2019 | 31158072 |
| prevalence and genetic characterization of deer tick virus (powassan virus, lineage ii) in ixodes scapularis ticks collected in maine. | deer tick virus (dtv) is a genetic variant of powassan virus (powv) that circulates in north america in an enzootic cycle involving the blacklegged or "deer tick," ixodes scapularis, and small rodents such as the white-footed mouse. the number of reported human cases with neuroinvasive disease has increased substantially over the past few years, indicating that powv may be of increasing public health importance. to this end, we sought to estimate powv infection rates in questing i. scapularis co ... | 2019 | 31218999 |
| n increased risk of tick-borne diseases with climate and environmental changes. | climate warming and other environmental changes have contributed to the expansion of the range of several tick species into higher latitudes in north america. as temperatures increase in canada, the environment becomes more suitable for ticks and the season suitable for tick activity lengthens, so tick-borne diseases are likely to become more common in canada. in addition to lyme disease, four other tick-borne diseases (tbds) have started to emerge and are likely to increase: anaplasmosis; babes ... | 2019 | 31285697 |
| polymicrobial nature of tick-borne diseases. | tick-borne diseases have doubled in the last 12 years, and their geographic distribution has spread as well. the clinical spectrum of tick-borne diseases can range from asymptomatic to fatal infections, with a disproportionate incidence in children and the elderly. in the last few years, new agents have been discovered, and genetic changes have helped in the spread of pathogens and ticks. polymicrobial infections, mostly in ixodes scapularis, can complicate diagnostics and augment disease severi ... | 2019 | 31506314 |
| ixodes scapularis salivary gland micrornas are differentially expressed during powassan virus transmission. | successful tick feeding is facilitated by an assortment of pharmacologically-active factors in tick saliva that create an immunologically privileged micro-environment in the host's skin. through a process known as saliva-assisted transmission, bioactive tick salivary factors modulate the host environment, promoting transmission and establishment of a tick-borne pathogen. this phenomenon was previously demonstrated for powassan virus (powv), a north american tick-borne flavivirus that is the caus ... | 2019 | 31511580 |
| an overview of powassan virus disease. | 2019 | 31534605 | |
| possible prognostic value of serial brain mris in powassan virus encephalitis. | powassan virus (powv) encephalitis is a rare tickborne illness. we describe the clinical course, laboratory findings, and imaging for a patient with powv in massachusetts, usa. clinical presentation and laboratory findings were nonspecific. improvement on brain magnetic resonance imaging after 2 weeks preceded clinical improvement by months, suggesting possible prognostic value. | 2019 | 31538917 |
| molecular survey of flaviviruses and orthobunyaviruses in amblyomma spp. ticks collected in minas gerais, brazil. | due to anthropic environmental changes, vector-borne diseases are emerging worldwide. ticks are known vectors of several pathogens of concern among humans and animals. in recent decades, several examples of tick-borne emerging viral diseases have been reported (crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus, powassan virus, encephalitis virus, heartland virus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus). unfortunately, few studies addressing the presence of viruses in wild ticks have been carried ... | 2020 | 31576974 |
| powassan virus encephalitis, severe babesiosis and lyme carditis in a single patient. | ixodes scapularis is responsible for transmission of borrelia burgdorferi, b. miyamotoi, babesia microti, anaplasma phagocytophilum and powassan virus to humans. we present a case of an 87-year-old man who presented with fever and altered mental status. initial workup revealed haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, mild hepatitis and acute kidney injury. patient tested positive for b. burgdorferi and babesia microti, and was started on doxycycline, atovaquone and azithromycin. he also underwent e ... | 2019 | 31712240 |
| zoonotic babesia: a scoping review of the global evidence. | babesiosis is a parasitic vector-borne disease of increasing public health importance. since the first human case was reported in 1957, zoonotic species have been reported on nearly every continent. zoonotic babesia is vectored by ixodes ticks and is commonly transmitted in north america by ixodes scapularis, the tick species responsible for transmitting the pathogens that also cause lyme disease, powassan virus, and anaplasmosis in humans. predicted climate change is expected to impact the spre ... | 2019 | 31887120 |
| emerging tick-borne diseases. | summaryincreases in tick-borne disease prevalence and transmission are important public health issues. efforts to control these emerging diseases are frustrated by the struggle to control tick populations and to detect and treat infections caused by the pathogens that they transmit. this review covers tick-borne infectious diseases of nonrickettsial bacterial, parasitic, and viral origins. while tick surveillance and tracking inform our understanding of the importance of the spread and ecology o ... | 2020 | 31896541 |
| powassan virus: centers for disease control and prevention. | 2019 | 31910483 | |
| utilization of rna in situ hybridization to understand the cellular localization of powassan virus rna at the tick-virus-host interface. | skin is the interface between an attached, feeding tick and a host; consequently, it is the first line of defense against invading pathogenic microorganisms that are delivered to a vertebrate host together with tick saliva. central to the successful transmission of a tick-borne pathogen are complex interactions between the host immune response and early tick-mediated immunomodulation, all of which initially occur at the skin interface. the focus of this work was to demonstrate the use of rna in ... | 2020 | 32411615 |