Publications

sero-prevalence and cross-reactivity of chikungunya virus specific anti-e2ep3 antibodies in arbovirus-infected patients.	chikungunya virus (chikv) and clinically-related arboviruses cause large epidemics with serious economic and social impact. as clinical symptoms of chikv infections are similar to several flavivirus infections, good detection methods to identify chikv infection are desired for improved treatment and clinical management. the strength of anti-e2ep3 antibody responses was explored in a longitudinal study on 38 chikv-infected patients. we compared their anti-e2ep3 responses with those of patients in ...	2015	25568956
flaviviral replication complex: coordination between rna synthesis and 5'-rna capping.	genome replication in flavivirus requires (-) strand rna synthesis, (+) strand rna synthesis, and 51-rna capping and methylation. to carry out viral genome replication, flavivirus assembles a replication complex, consisting of both viral and host proteins, on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) membrane. two major components of the replication complex are the viral non-structural (ns) proteins ns3 and ns5. together they possess all the enzymatic activities required for genome ...	2015	26287232
vector borne infections in italy: results of the integrated surveillance system for west nile disease in 2013.	the epidemiology of west nile disease (wnd) is influenced by multiple ecological factors and, therefore, integrated surveillance systems are needed for early detecting the infection and activating consequent control actions. as different animal species have different importance in the maintenance and in the spread of the infection, a multispecies surveillance approach is required. an integrated and comprehensive surveillance system is in place in italy aiming at early detecting the virus introdu ...	2015	25874224
dengue virus ns proteins inhibit rig-i/mavs signaling by blocking tbk1/irf3 phosphorylation: dengue virus serotype 1 ns4a is a unique interferon-regulating virulence determinant.	dengue virus (denv) replication is inhibited by the prior addition of type i interferon or by rig-i agonists that elicit rig-i/mavs/tbk1/irf3-dependent protective responses. denv infection of primary human endothelial cells (ecs) results in a rapid increase in viral titer, which suggests that denv inhibits replication-restrictive rig-i/interferon beta (ifn-β) induction pathways within ecs. our findings demonstrate that denv serotype 4 (denv4) nonstructural (ns) proteins ns2a and ns4b inhibited r ...	2015	25968648
viral membrane fusion.	membrane fusion is an essential step when enveloped viruses enter cells. lipid bilayer fusion requires catalysis to overcome a high kinetic barrier; viral fusion proteins are the agents that fulfill this catalytic function. despite a variety of molecular architectures, these proteins facilitate fusion by essentially the same generic mechanism. stimulated by a signal associated with arrival at the cell to be infected (e.g., receptor or co-receptor binding, proton binding in an endosome), they und ...	2015	25866377
senataxin suppresses the antiviral transcriptional response and controls viral biogenesis.	the human helicase senataxin (setx) has been linked to the neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als4) and ataxia with oculomotor apraxia (aoa2). here we identified a role for setx in controlling the antiviral response. cells that had undergone depletion of setx and setx-deficient cells derived from patients with aoa2 had higher expression of antiviral mediators in response to infection than did wild-type cells. mechanistically, we propose a model whereby setx attenuates the ...	2015	25822250
rice stripe virus affects the viability of its vector offspring by changing developmental gene expression in embryos.	plant viruses may affect the viability and development process of their herbivore vectors. small brown planthopper (sbph) is main vector of rice stripe virus (rsv), which causes serious rice stripe disease. here, we reported the effects of rsv on sbph offspring by crossing experiments between viruliferous and non-viruliferous strains. the life parameters of offspring from different cross combinations were compared. the hatchability of f1 progeny from viruliferous parents decreased significantly, ...	2015	25601039
defining hsp70 subnetworks in dengue virus replication reveals key vulnerability in flavivirus infection.	viral protein homeostasis depends entirely on the machinery of the infected cell. accordingly, viruses can illuminate the interplay between cellular proteostasis components and their distinct substrates. here, we define how the hsp70 chaperone network mediates the dengue virus life cycle. cytosolic hsp70 isoforms are required at distinct steps of the viral cycle, including entry, rna replication, and virion biogenesis. hsp70 function at each step is specified by nine distinct dnaj cofactors. of ...	2015	26582131
dengue virus non-structural protein 1 modulates infectious particle production via interaction with the structural proteins.	non-structural protein 1 (ns1) is one of the most enigmatic proteins of the dengue virus (denv), playing distinct functions in immune evasion, pathogenesis and viral replication. the recently reported crystal structure of denv ns1 revealed its peculiar three-dimensional fold; however, detailed information on ns1 function at different steps of the viral replication cycle is still missing. by using the recently reported crystal structure, as well as amino acid sequence conservation, as a guide for ...	2015	26562291
acute flaccid paralysis: the new, the old, and the preventable.	acute flaccid paralysis (afp) has a changing epidemiology with ongoing polio outbreaks and emerging causes such as nonpolio enteroviruses and west nile virus (wnv). we report a case of afp from the horn of africa that was initially classified as probable polio but subsequently found to be due to wnv.	2015	26788545
murine efficacy and pharmacokinetic evaluation of the flaviviral ns5 capping enzyme 2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one inhibitor bg-323.	arthropod-borne flavivirus infection continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. identification of drug targets and novel antiflaviviral compounds to treat these diseases has become a global health imperative. a previous screen of 235,456 commercially available small molecules identified the 2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one family of compounds as inhibitors of the flaviviral ns5 capping enzyme, a promising target for antiviral drug development. rational drug design methodologies e ...	2015	26075394
ebolavirus vaccines: progress in the fight against ebola virus disease.	ebolaviruses are highly infectious pathogens that cause lethal ebola virus disease (evd) in humans and non-human primates (nhps). due to their high pathogenicity and transmissibility, as well as the potential to be misused as a bioterrorism agent, ebolaviruses would threaten the health of global populations if not controlled. in this review, we describe the origin and structure of ebolaviruses and the development of vaccines from the beginning of the 1980s, including conventional ebolavirus vacc ...	2015	26535889
the i22v and l72s substitutions in west nile virus prm protein promote enhanced prm/e heterodimerisation and nucleocapsid incorporation.	amino acid substitutions i22v and l72s in the prm protein of west nile virus kunjin strain (wnvkun) were previously shown to enhance virus secretion and virulence, but a mechanism by which this occurred was not determined.	2015	25946997
analysis of the enzymatic activity of an ns3 helicase genotype 3a variant sequence obtained from a relapse patient.	the hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a species of diverse genotypes that infect over 170 million people worldwide, causing chronic inflammation, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. hcv genotype 3a is common in brazil, and it is associated with a relatively poor response to current direct-acting antiviral therapies. the hcv ns3 protein cleaves part of the hcv polyprotein, and cellular antiviral proteins. it is therefore the target of several hcv drugs. in addition to its protease activity, ns3 is a ...	2015	26658750
amino terminal region of dengue virus ns4a cytosolic domain binds to highly curved liposomes.	dengue virus (denv) is an important human pathogen causing millions of disease cases and thousands of deaths worldwide. non-structural protein 4a (ns4a) is a vital component of the viral replication complex (rc) and plays a major role in the formation of host cell membrane-derived structures that provide a scaffold for replication. the n-terminal cytoplasmic region of ns4a(1-48) is known to preferentially interact with highly curved membranes. here, we provide experimental evidence for the stabl ...	2015	26197333
standing your ground to exoribonucleases: function of flavivirus long non-coding rnas.	members of the flaviviridae (e.g., dengue virus, west nile virus, and hepatitis c virus) contain a positive-sense rna genome that encodes a large polyprotein. it is now also clear most if not all of these viruses also produce an abundant subgenomic long non-coding rna. these non-coding rnas, which are called subgenomic flavivirus rnas (sfrnas) or xrn1-resistant rnas (xrrnas), are stable decay intermediates generated from the viral genomic rna through the stalling of the cellular exoribonuclease ...	2015	26368052
japanese encephalitis virus replicon-based vaccine expressing enterovirus-71 epitope confers dual protection from lethal challenges.	to construct safer recombinant flavivirus vaccine, we exploited japanese encephalitis virus (jev) replicon-based platform to generate single-round infectious particles (srips) that expressed heterologous neutralizing epitope sp70 derived from enterovirus-71 (ev71). such pseudo-infectious virus particles, named srip-sp70, although are not genuine viable viruses, closely mimic live virus infection to elicit immune responses within one round of viral life cycle.	2015	26362772
flavivirus sfrna suppresses antiviral rna interference in cultured cells and mosquitoes and directly interacts with the rnai machinery.	productive arbovirus infections require mechanisms to suppress or circumvent the cellular rna interference (rnai) pathway, a major antiviral response in mosquitoes. in this study, we demonstrate that two flaviviruses, dengue virus and kunjin virus, significantly repress sirna-mediated rnai in infected human cells as well as during infection of the mosquito vector culex quinquefasciatus. arthropod-borne flaviviruses generate a small structured non-coding rna from the viral 3' utr referred to as s ...	2015	26331679
double-stranded rna is detected by immunofluorescence analysis in rna and dna virus infections, including those by negative-stranded rna viruses.	early biochemical studies of viral replication suggested that most viruses produce double-stranded rna (dsrna), which is essential for the induction of the host immune response. however, it was reported in 2006 that dsrna could be detected by immunofluorescence antibody staining in double-stranded dna and positive-strand rna virus infections but not in negative-strand rna virus infections. other reports in the literature seemed to support these observations. this suggested that negative-strand r ...	2015	26136565
a basic cluster in the n terminus of yellow fever virus ns2a contributes to infectious particle production.	the flavivirus ns2a protein is involved in the assembly of infectious particles. to further understand its role in this process, a charged-to-alanine scanning analysis was performed on ns2a encoded by an infectious cdna clone of yellow fever virus (yfv). fifteen mutants containing single, double, or triple charged-to-alanine changes were tested. five of them did not produce infectious particles, whereas efficient rna replication was detectable for two of the five ns2a mutants (r22a-k23a-r24a and ...	2015	25694595
ecuador paraiso escondido virus, a new flavivirus isolated from new world sand flies in ecuador, is the first representative of a novel clade in the genus flavivirus.	a new flavivirus, ecuador paraiso escondido virus (epev), named after the village where it was discovered, was isolated from sand flies (psathyromyia abonnenci, formerly lutzomyia abonnenci) that are unique to the new world. this represents the first sand fly-borne flavivirus identified in the new world. epev exhibited a typical flavivirus genome organization. nevertheless, the maximum pairwise amino acid sequence identity with currently recognized flaviviruses was 52.8%. phylogenetic analysis o ...	2015	26355096
new insights into flavivirus evolution, taxonomy and biogeographic history, extended by analysis of canonical and alternative coding sequences.	to generate the most diverse phylogenetic dataset for the flaviviruses to date, we determined the genomic sequences and phylogenetic relationships of 14 flaviviruses, of which 10 are primarily associated with culex spp. mosquitoes. we analyze these data, in conjunction with a comprehensive collection of flavivirus genomes, to characterize flavivirus evolutionary and biogeographic history in unprecedented detail and breadth. based on the presumed introduction of yellow fever virus into the americ ...	2015	25719412
japanese encephalitis virus nonstructural protein ns5 interacts with mitochondrial trifunctional protein and impairs fatty acid β-oxidation.	infection with japanese encephalitis virus (jev) can induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cause acute encephalitis in humans. β-oxidation breaks down fatty acids for atp production in mitochondria, and impaired β-oxidation can induce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. to address the role of fatty-acid β-oxidation in jev infection, we measured the oxygen consumption rate of mock- and jev-infected cells cultured with or without long chain fatty acid (lcfa) palmitate. cells wi ...	2015	25816318
the involvement of microtubules and actin during the infection of japanese encephalitis virus in neuroblastoma cell line, imr32.	the role of the cytoskeleton, actin, and microtubules were examined during the process of japanese encephalitis (jev) infection in a human neuroblastoma cell line, imr32. cytochalasin d and nocodazole were used to depolymerise the cellular actin and microtubules, respectively, in order to study the effect of jev infection in the cell. this study shows that depolymerisation of the actin cytoskeleton at early process of infection inhibits jev infection in the cell; however infection was not inhibi ...	2015	25705678
unzippers, resolvers and sensors: a structural and functional biochemistry tale of rna helicases.	the centrality of rna within the biological world is an irrefutable fact that currently attracts increasing attention from the scientific community. the panoply of functional rnas requires the existence of specific biological caretakers, rna helicases, devoted to maintain the proper folding of those molecules, resolving unstable structures. however, evolution has taken advantage of the specific position and characteristics of rna helicases to develop new functions for these proteins, which are a ...	2015	25622248
conserved amino acids within the n-terminus of the west nile virus ns4a protein contribute to virus replication, protein stability and membrane proliferation.	the west nile virus strain kunjin virus (wnvkun) ns4a protein is a multifunctional protein involved in many aspects of the virus life-cycle and is a major component of the wnvkun replication complex (rc). previously we identified a conserved region in the c-terminus of ns4a regulating proteolytic processing and rc assembly, and now investigate key conserved residues in the n-terminus of ns4a and their contribution to wnvkun replication. mutation of p13 completely ablated replication, whereas, mu ...	2015	25771497
a case of murray valley encephalitis in a 2-year-old australian stock horse in south-east queensland.	this report summarises the findings from a case of naturally-occurring murray valley encephalitis in a 2-year-old filly presenting with acute onset of depression and weakness. serum samples tested at the onset of clinical signs were negative for hendra and kunjin virus antibodies, but positive for murray valley encephalitis virus (mvev) using igm-capture elisa (1 : 300 dilution). a virus neutralisation assay performed 4 weeks later confirmed a titre of 1 : 160. sera collected in the weeks preced ...	2015	25708787
differential utilisation of ceramide during replication of the flaviviruses west nile and dengue virus.	it is well established that +ssrna viruses manipulate cellular lipid homoeostasis and distribution to facilitate efficient replication. here, we show that the cellular lipid ceramide is redistributed to the west nile virus strain kunjin virus (wnvkun) replication complex (rc) but not to the dengue virus serotype 2 strain new guinea c (denvngc) rc. we show that prolonged chemical inhibition of serine palmitoyltransferase with myriocin had a significant deleterious effect on wnvkun replication but ...	2015	26122470
west nile disease epidemiology in north-west africa: bibliographical review.	west nile fever (wnf) or west nile disease (wnd) is a mosquito-borne viral disease that can affect birds, humans and horses. west nile virus (wnv) is a member of the genus flavivirus in the family flaviviridae. wnv is maintained in a mosquito-bird-mosquito transmission cycle, whereas humans and horses are considered dead-end hosts. in human and horses, symptoms range from unapparent infection to mild febrile illness, meningitis, encephalitis or death. wnv has a wide geographical range that inclu ...	2016	25753775
the e glycoprotein plays an essential role in the high pathogenicity of european-mediterranean is98 strain of west nile virus.	west nile virus (wnv) is the most widespread arbovirus in the world. several recent outbreaks and epizootics have been reported in europe and the mediterranean basin with increased virulence. in contrast to the well-characterized american and australian strains, little is known about the virulence determinants of the wnv european-mediterranean strains. to investigate the viral factors involved in the virulence of these strains, we generated chimeras between the highly neuropathogenic israel 1998 ...	2016	26896935
archival isolates confirm a single topotype of west nile virus in australia.	west nile virus is globally wide-spread and causes significant disease in humans and animals. the evolution of west nile virus kunjin subtype in australia (wnvkun) was investigated using archival samples collected over a period of 50 years. based on the pattern of fixed amino acid substitutions and time-stamped molecular clock analyses, a single long-term lineage (or topotype) was inferred. this implies that a bottleneck exists such that regional strains eventually die out and are replaced with ...	2016	27906966
dengue virus reporter replicon is a valuable tool for antiviral drug discovery and analysis of virus replication mechanisms.	dengue, the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease, is caused by the dengue virus (denv), a member of the flaviviridae family, and is a considerable public health threat in over 100 countries, with 2.5 billion people living in high-risk areas. however, no specific antiviral drug or licensed vaccine currently targets denv infection. the replicon system has all the factors needed for viral replication in cells. since the development of replicon systems, transient and stable reporter replicon ...	2016	27164125
determinants of arbovirus vertical transmission in mosquitoes.	vertical transmission (vt) and horizontal transmission (ht) of pathogens refer to parental and non-parental chains of host-to-host transmission. combining ht with vt enlarges considerably the range of ecological conditions in which a pathogen can persist, but the factors governing the relative frequency of each transmission mode are poorly understood for pathogens with mixed-mode transmission. elucidating these factors is particularly important for understanding the epidemiology of arthropod-bor ...	2016	27171170
west nile virus in europe and safety of blood transfusion.	west nile virus (wnv) has become an increasing issue in the transfusion setting since 2002, when it was firstly shown in the usa that it can be transmitted through blood transfusion. since then, several precautionary measures have been introduced in europe in order to reduce the possible risk of transmission via transfusion/solid organ transplantation. in addition, the epidemiological surveillance has been tightened and the network for communication of human wnv cases strengthened. this review w ...	2016	27403087
liposomal systems as nanocarriers for the antiviral agent ivermectin.	rna virus infections can lead to the onset of severe diseases such as fever with haemorrhage, multiorgan failure, and mortality. the emergence and reemergence of rna viruses continue to pose a significant public health threat worldwide with particular attention to the increasing incidence of flaviviruses, among others dengue, west nile virus, and yellow fever viruses. development of new and potent antivirals is thus urgently needed. ivermectin, an already known antihelminthic drug, has shown pot ...	2016	27242902
who regulates whom? an overview of rna granules and viral infections.	after viral infection, host cells respond by mounting an anti-viral stress response in order to create a hostile atmosphere for viral replication, leading to the shut-off of mrna translation (protein synthesis) and the assembly of rna granules. two of these rna granules have been well characterized in yeast and mammalian cells, stress granules (sgs), which are translationally silent sites of rna triage and processing bodies (pbs), which are involved in mrna degradation. this review discusses the ...	2016	27367717
yellow fever virus capsid protein is a potent suppressor of rna silencing that binds double-stranded rna.	mosquito-borne flaviviruses, including yellow fever virus (yfv), zika virus (zikv), and west nile virus (wnv), profoundly affect human health. the successful transmission of these viruses to a human host depends on the pathogen's ability to overcome a potentially sterilizing immune response in the vector mosquito. similar to other invertebrate animals and plants, the mosquito's rna silencing pathway comprises its primary antiviral defense. although a diverse range of plant and insect viruses has ...	2016	27849599
viral inhibition of the ifn-induced jak/stat signalling pathway: development of live attenuated vaccines by mutation of viral-encoded ifn-antagonists.	the interferon (ifn) induced anti-viral response is amongst the earliest and most potent of the innate responses to fight viral infection. the induction of the janus kinase/signal transducer and activation of transcription (jak/stat) signalling pathway by ifns leads to the upregulation of hundreds of interferon stimulated genes (isgs) for which, many have the ability to rapidly kill viruses within infected cells. during the long course of evolution, viruses have evolved an extraordinary range of ...	2016	27367734
suppression of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and replication by 5'-amp-activated protein kinase.	the host intracellular antiviral restriction factors inhibit viral infection and replication. the 5'-amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) is a cellular energy sensor regulating metabolic homeostasis. activated ampk inhibits the replication of numerous rna viruses but enhances the entry of vaccinia virus. however, the role of ampk in herpesvirus infection is unclear. in this study, we showed that the constitutive ampk activity restricted kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) lytic replica ...	2016	27147746
characterization of ryden (c19orf66) as an interferon-stimulated cellular inhibitor against dengue virus replication.	dengue virus (denv) is one of the most important arthropod-borne pathogens that cause life-threatening diseases in humans. however, no vaccine or specific antiviral is available for dengue. as seen in other rna viruses, the innate immune system plays a key role in controlling denv infection and disease outcome. although the interferon (ifn) response, which is central to host protective immunity, has been reported to limit denv replication, the molecular details of how denv infection is modulated ...	2016	26735137
molecular detection of flaviviruses and alphaviruses in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from coastal ecosystems in the colombian caribbean.	arboviruses belonging to the genera flavivirus and alphavirus were detected in mosquitoes in a rural area of san bernardo del viento (córdoba, colombia). a total of 22,180 mosquitoes were collected, sorted into 2,102 pools, and tested by generic/nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, dengue virus, west nile virus, st. louis encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and culex flavivirus were detected and identified by sequencing. the detection ...	2016	27706377
development of 2, 7-diamino-1, 8-naphthyridine (danp) anchored hairpin primers for rt-pcr detection of chikungunya virus infection.	a molecular diagnostic platform with danp-anchored hairpin primer was developed and evaluated for the rapid and cost-effective detection of chikungunya virus (chikv) with high sensitivity and specificity. the molecule 2, 7-diamino-1, 8-naphthyridine (danp) binds to a cytosine-bulge and emits fluorescence at 450 nm when it is excited by 400 nm light. thus, by measuring the decline in fluorescence emitted from danp-primer complexes after pcr reaction, we could monitor the pcr progress. by adapting ...	2016	27571201
replicon rna viral vectors as vaccines.	single-stranded rna viruses of both positive and negative polarity have been used as vectors for vaccine development. in this context, alphaviruses, flaviviruses, measles virus and rhabdoviruses have been engineered for expression of surface protein genes and antigens. administration of replicon rna vectors has resulted in strong immune responses and generation of neutralizing antibodies in various animal models. immunization of mice, chicken, pigs and primates with virus-like particles, naked r ...	2016	27827980
identification of a new broadly cross-reactive epitope within domain iii of the duck tembusu virus e protein.	in 2010, a pathogenic flavivirus termed duck tembusu virus (dtmuv) caused widespread outbreak of egg-drop syndrome in domesticated ducks in china. although the glycoprotein e of dtmuv is an important structural component of the virus, the b-cell epitopes of this protein remains uncharacterized. using phage display and mutagenesis, we identified a minimal b-cell epitope, (374)exe/dppfg(380), that mediates binding to a nonneutralizing monoclonal antibody. dtmuv-positive duck serum reacted with the ...	2016	27824100
virus variation resource - improved response to emergent viral outbreaks.	the virus variation resource is a value-added viral sequence data resource hosted by the national center for biotechnology information. the resource is located at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/viruses/variation/ and includes modules for seven viral groups: influenza virus, dengue virus, west nile virus, ebolavirus, mers coronavirus, rotavirus a and zika virus each module is supported by pipelines that scan newly released genbank records, annotate genes and proteins and parse sample descript ...	2016	27899678
in vitro and in vivo evaluation of mutations in the ns region of lineage 2 west nile virus associated with neuroinvasiveness in a mammalian model.	west nile virus (wnv) strains may differ significantly in neuroinvasiveness in vertebrate hosts. in contrast to genetic lineage 1 wnvs, molecular determinants of pathogenic lineage 2 strains have not been experimentally confirmed so far. a full-length infectious clone of a neurovirulent wnv lineage 2 strain (578/10; central europe) was generated and amino acid substitutions that have been shown to attenuate lineage 1 wnvs were introduced into the nonstructural proteins (ns1 (p250l), ns2a (a30p), ...	2016	26907325
ebola vp40 in exosomes can cause immune cell dysfunction.	ebola virus (ebov) is an enveloped, ssrna virus from the family filoviridae capable of causing severe hemorrhagic fever with up to 80-90% mortality rates. the most recent outbreak of ebov in west africa starting in 2014 resulted in over 11,300 deaths; however, long-lasting persistence and recurrence in survivors has been documented, potentially leading to further transmission of the virus. we have previously shown that exosomes from cells infected with hiv-1, htlv-1 and rift valley fever virus a ...	2016	27872619
molecular mechanism of divalent-metal-induced activation of ns3 helicase and insights into zika virus inhibitor design.	zika virus has attracted increasing attention because of its potential for causing human neural disorders, including microcephaly in infants and guillain-barré syndrome. its ns3 helicase domain plays critical roles in ntp-dependent rna unwinding and translocation during viral replication. our structural analysis revealed a pre-activation state of ns3 helicase in complex with gtpγs, in which the triphosphate adopts a compact conformation in the absence of any divalent metal ions. in contrast, in ...	2016	27915293
west nile virus temperature sensitivity and avian virulence are modulated by ns1-2b polymorphisms.	west nile virus (wnv) replicates in a wide variety of avian species, which serve as reservoir and amplification hosts. wnv strains isolated in north america, such as the prototype strain ny99, elicit a highly pathogenic response in certain avian species, notably american crows (amcrs; corvus brachyrhynchos). in contrast, a closely related strain, kn3829, isolated in kenya, exhibits a low viremic response with limited mortality in amcrs. previous work has associated the difference in pathogenicit ...	2016	27548738
chaperone-assisted protein folding is critical for yellow fever virus ns3/4a cleavage and replication.	dnajc14, a heat shock protein 40 (hsp40) cochaperone, assists with hsp70-mediated protein folding. overexpressed dnajc14 is targeted to sites of yellow fever virus (yfv) replication complex (rc) formation, where it interacts with viral nonstructural (ns) proteins and inhibits viral rna replication. how rcs are assembled and the roles of chaperones in this coordinated process are largely unknown. we hypothesized that chaperones are diverted from their normal cellular protein quality control funct ...	2016	26739057
lactimidomycin is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of dengue and other rna viruses.	dengue virus, a member of the flaviviridae family, is a mosquito-borne pathogen and the causative agent of dengue fever. despite the nearly 400 million new infections estimated annually, no vaccines or specific antiviral therapeutics are currently available. we identified lactimidomycin (ltm), a recently established inhibitor of translation elongation, as a potent inhibitor of dengue virus 2 infection in cell culture. the antiviral activity is observed at concentrations that do not affect cell v ...	2016	26872864
invertebrate iridescent virus 6, a dna virus, stimulates a mammalian innate immune response through rig-i-like receptors.	insects are not only major vectors of mammalian viruses, but are also host to insect-restricted viruses that can potentially be transmitted to mammals. while mammalian innate immune responses to arboviruses are well studied, less is known about how mammalian cells respond to viruses that are restricted to infect only invertebrates. here we demonstrate that iiv-6, a dna virus of the family iridoviridae, is able to induce a type i interferon-dependent antiviral immune response in mammalian cells. ...	2016	27824940
vertical transmission of zika virus in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.	previous experimental studies have demonstrated that a number of mosquito-borne flavivirus pathogens are vertically transmitted in their insect vectors, providing a mechanism for these arboviruses to persist during adverse climatic conditions or in the absence of a susceptible vertebrate host. in this study, designed to test whether zika virus (zikv) could be vertically transmitted, female aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus were injected with zikv, and their f1 adult progeny were tested for zikv ...	2016	27573623
full genome sequence and sfrna interferon antagonist activity of zika virus from recife, brazil.	the outbreak of zika virus (zikv) in the americas has transformed a previously obscure mosquito-transmitted arbovirus of the flaviviridae family into a major public health concern. little is currently known about the evolution and biology of zikv and the factors that contribute to the associated pathogenesis. determining genomic sequences of clinical viral isolates and characterization of elements within these are an important prerequisite to advance our understanding of viral replicative proces ...	2016	27706161
the golgi associated eri3 is a flavivirus host factor.	dengue virus (denv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus classified into four serotypes (denv-1-4) that causes dengue fever (df), dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) or dengue shock syndrome (dss). an estimated 390 million people are at risk for infection with denv and there are no effective vaccines or therapeutics. we utilized rna chromatography coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry (qms) to identify host rna binding proteins (rbps) that interact with denv-2 rna. we identified eri3 (also prnpip and ...	2016	27682269
comparative genomic analysis of pre-epidemic and epidemic zika virus strains for virological factors potentially associated with the rapidly expanding epidemic.	less than 20 sporadic cases of human zika virus (zikv) infection were reported in africa and asia before 2007, but large outbreaks involving up to 73% of the populations on the pacific islands have started since 2007, and spread to the americas in 2014. moreover, the clinical manifestation of zikv infection has apparently changed, as evident by increasing reports of neurological complications, such as guillain-barré syndrome in adults and congenital anomalies in neonates. we comprehensively comp ...	2016	26980239
ebolavirus diagnosis made simple, comparable and faster than molecular detection methods: preparing for the future.	the 2014/2015 ebolavirus outbreak resulted in more than 28,000 cases and 11,323 reported deaths, as of march 2016. domestic transmission of the guinea strain associated with the outbreak occurred mainly in six african countries, and international transmission was reported in four countries. outbreak management was limited by the inability to rapidly diagnose infected cases. a further fifteen countries in africa are predicted to be at risk of ebolavirus outbreaks in the future as a consequence of ...	2018	29685158
phospholipase a2 activity during the replication cycle of the flavivirus west nile virus.	positive-sense rna virus intracellular replication is intimately associated with membrane platforms that are derived from host organelles and comprised of distinct lipid composition. for flaviviruses, such as west nile virus strain kunjin virus (wnvkun) we have observed that these membrane platforms are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and are rich in (at least) cholesterol. to extend these studies and identify the cellular lipids critical for wnvkun replication we utilized a whole cell li ...	2018	29709018
arboviral diseases and malaria in australia, 2014–15: annual report of the national arbovirus and malaria advisory committee	this report describes the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases of public health importance in australia during the 2014–15 season (1 july 2014 to 30 june 2015) and includes data from human notifications, sentinel chicken, vector and virus surveillance programs. the national notifiable diseases surveillance system received notifications for 12,849 cases of disease transmitted by mosquitoes during the 2014–15 season. the australasian alphaviruses barmah forest virus and ross river virus account ...	2019	30982295
flavivirus cross-reactivity to dengue nonstructural protein 1 antigen detection assays.	dengue virus (denv) and zika virus (zikv) are flaviviruses of public health relevance. both viruses circulate in the same endemic settings and acute infections generally manifest similar symptoms. this highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis for clinical management and outbreak control. one of the commonly used acute diagnostic markers for flaviviruses is nonstructural protein 1 (ns1). however, false positives due to antigenic cross-reactivity have been reported between denv and zikv inf ...	2019	31878299
insulin potentiates jak/stat signaling to broadly inhibit flavivirus replication in insect vectors.	the world health organization estimates that more than half of the world's population is at risk for vector-borne diseases, including arboviruses. because many arboviruses are mosquito borne, investigation of the insect immune response will help identify targets to reduce the spread of arboviruses. here, we use a genetic screening approach to identify an insulin-like receptor as a component of the immune response to arboviral infection. we determine that vertebrate insulin reduces west nile viru ...	2019	31722209
stability of west nile virus (flaviviridae: flavivirus) rna in mosquito excreta.	arbovirus surveillance is crucial for the implementation of vector-borne disease control measures. recently, it has been demonstrated that mosquitoes with a disseminated arbovirus infection excrete viral rna, which can be detected by molecular methods. thereby, mosquito excreta has been proposed as a sample type that could be utilized for arbovirus surveillance. in this study, we evaluated if west nile virus (kunjin strain, wnvkun) rna in culex annulirostris skuse (diptera: culicidae) excreta de ...	2019	30937448
the distribution of important sero-complexes of flaviviruses in malaysia.	flaviviruses (fvs) are arthropod-borne viruses of medical and veterinary importance. numerous species of fvs have been isolated from various host; mainly humans, animals, ticks, and mosquitoes. certain fvs are extremely host-specific; at the same time, some fvs can infect an extensive range of species. based on published literatures, 11 species of fvs have been detected from diverse host species in malaysia. in humans, dengue virus and japanese encephalitis virus have been reported since 1901 an ...	2019	30604332
antiviral activity of the fda-approved drug candesartan cilexetil against zika virus infection.	zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne virus that has risen to prominence as a significant threat to public health in the recent decade. since its re-emergence in 2007, zikv has spread at an alarming rate and has since become endemic to multiple regions around the world. infections are primarily asymptomatic, however the virus has become associated with the development of severe neurological complications such as guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and congenital microcephaly. at present, there are cur ...	2019	31669333
inflammatory responses to a pathogenic west nile virus strain.	west nile virus (wnv) circulates across australia and was referred to historically as kunjin virus (wnvkun). wnvkun has been considered more benign than other wnv strains circulating globally. in 2011, a more virulent form of the virus emerged during an outbreak of equine arboviral disease in australia.	2019	31664929
basimarols a, b, and c, highly oxygenated pimarane diterpenoids from basilicum polystachyon.	the highly oxygenated pimarane diterpenoids basimarols a, b, and c (3-5) were isolated from the plant species basilicum polystachyon, which was collected within the australian arid zone. structure elucidation was performed using a suite of spectroscopic techniques, including x-ray crystallography. anticancer and anti-denv activity of 3-5 was explored, but only limited activity was observed. more extensive antiviral evaluation of stachyonic acid a (1), which was also isolated from b. polystachyon ...	2019	31553187
arbovirus surveillance using ftatm cards in modified co2 -baited encephalitis virus surveillance traps in the northern territory, australia.	in 2016, modified co2 -baited encephalitis virus surveillance (evs) traps were evaluated for flavivirus surveillance in the northern territory, australia. the traps were fitted with honey-soaked nucleic acid preservation cards (ftatm ) for mosquitoes to expectorate virus while feeding on the cards. cards were tested for the presence of selected arboviruses, with two cards testing positive for kunjin virus and alfuy, while sentinel chickens tested in parallel also showed kunjin virus activity at ...	2019	31124223