Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| gb virus c coinfection in advanced hiv type-1 disease is associated with low ccr5 and cxcr4 surface expression on cd4(+) t-cells. | coinfection with the flavivirus gb virus c (gbv-c) is frequent in patients suffering from hiv type-1 (hiv-1) infection because of shared routes of transmission. gbv-c coinfection has been proposed to exert a beneficial influence on hiv-1 infection. in vitro studies demonstrated down-regulation of c-c chemokine receptor type 5 (ccr5) as a potential mechanism by which gbv-c modulates hiv-1 disease progression. we therefore studied surface expression of the two major hiv-1 coreceptors, ccr5 and cxc ... | 2010 | 20710056 |
| rna structures required for production of subgenomic flavivirus rna. | flaviviruses are a group of single-stranded, positive-sense rna viruses causing ∼100 million infections per year. we have recently shown that flaviviruses produce a unique, small, noncoding rna (∼0.5 kb) derived from the 3' untranslated region (utr) of the genomic rna (grna), which is required for flavivirus-induced cytopathicity and pathogenicity (g. p. pijlman et al., cell host microbe, 4: 579-591, 2008). this rna (subgenomic flavivirus rna [sfrna]) is a product of incomplete degradation of gr ... | 2010 | 20719943 |
| critical role of lipid rafts in virus entry and activation of phosphoinositide 3' kinase/akt signaling during early stages of japanese encephalitis virus infection in neural stem/progenitor cells. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev), the leading cause of acute encephalitis in south-east asia is a neurotropic virus infecting various cns cell types. most flaviviruses including jev get internalised into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, which involve clathrin and membrane cholesterol. the cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains referred to as lipid rafts act as portals for virus entry in a number of enveloped viruses, including flavivirus. however, the precise role played by membrane ... | 2010 | 20722967 |
| structure-guided mutagenesis of active site residues in the dengue virus two-component protease ns2b-ns3. | the dengue virus two-component protease ns2b/ns3 mediates processing of the viral polyprotein precursor and is therefore an important determinant of virus replication. the enzyme is now intensively studied with a view to the structure-based development of antiviral inhibitors. although 3-dimensional structures have now been elucidated for a number of flaviviral proteases, enzyme-substrate interactions are characterized only to a limited extend. the high selectivity of the dengue virus protease f ... | 2010 | 20735839 |
| west nile virus--neutralizing antibodies in humans in greece. | serum samples collected during march-may 2007 from 392 residents of imathia prefecture, northern greece, were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for igg antibodies against west nile virus (wnv). microneutralization assay was applied in six positive samples. four (4/392, 1.02%) were found positive for wnv-neutralizing antibodies. none of the positive individuals had a history of travel in endemic area or flavivirus vaccination, suggesting that wnv, o ... | 2010 | 20738157 |
| development of human-murine chimeric immunoglobulin g for use in the serological detection of human flavivirus and alphavirus antibodies. | diagnosis of human arboviral infections relies heavily on serological techniques such as the immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (mac-elisa) and the indirect igg elisa. broad application of these assays is hindered by the lack of standardized positive human control sera that react with a wide variety of flaviviruses (e.g., dengue, west nile, yellow fever, japanese encephalitis, saint louis encephalitis, and powassan viruses), or alphaviruses (e.g., eastern e ... | 2010 | 20739503 |
| an rna pseudoknot is required for production of yellow fever virus subgenomic rna by the host nuclease xrn1. | cells and mice infected with arthropod-borne flaviviruses produce a small subgenomic rna that is colinear with the distal part of the viral 3'-untranslated region (utr). this small subgenomic flavivirus rna (sfrna) results from the incomplete degradation of the viral genome by the host 5'-3' exonuclease xrn1. production of the sfrna is important for the pathogenicity of the virus. this study not only presents a detailed description of the yellow fever virus (yfv) sfrna but, more importantly, des ... | 2010 | 20739539 |
| a c-type lectin collaborates with a cd45 phosphatase homolog to facilitate west nile virus infection of mosquitoes. | west nile virus (wnv) is the most common arthropod-borne flavivirus in the united states; however, the vector ligand(s) that participate in infection are not known. we now show that an aedes aegypti c-type lectin, mosgctl-1, is induced by wnv, interacts with wnv in a calcium-dependent manner, and facilitates infection in vivo and in vitro. a mosquito homolog of human cd45 in a. aegypti, designated mosptp-1, recruits mosgctl-1 to enable viral attachment to cells and to enhance viral entry. in viv ... | 2010 | 20797779 |
| distribution of far-eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus subtype strains in the former soviet union. | european and asian viruses within the tick-borne encephalitis flavivirus complex are known to show temporal, spatial and phylogenetic relationships that imply a clinal pattern of evolution. however, the isolation of recognized far-eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) strains in the european region of the former soviet union (su), i.e. thousands of kilometres west of the region in which they are considered endemic, appears to contradict this concept. here, we present a parsimonious explan ... | 2010 | 20810744 |
| domain iii peptides from flavivirus envelope protein are useful antigens for serologic diagnosis and targets for immunization. | the flavivirus genus of the flaviviridae family includes 70 enveloped single-stranded-rna positive-sense viruses transmitted by arthropods. among these viruses, there are a relevant number of human pathogens including the mosquito-borne dengue virus (denv), yellow fever virus (yfv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev) and west nile virus (wnv), as well as tick-borne viruses such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), langat virus (lgtv) and omsk hemorrhagic fever (ohfv). the flavivirus envelope ... | 2010 | 20817489 |
| upregulation of a novel eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a (eif5a) in dengue 2 virus-infected mosquito cells. | dengue virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is the etiological agent of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. it generally induces apoptosis in mammalian cells, but frequently results in persistent infection in mosquito cells. that mechanism remains to be explored. in turn, a genomic survey through subtractive hybridization (pcr-select cdna subtraction) was conducted in order to find gene(s) that may play a role in interactions between the virus and its host cells. | 2010 | 20819232 |
| a derivate of the antibiotic doxorubicin is a selective inhibitor of dengue and yellow fever virus replication in vitro. | a doxorubicin derivate, sa-17, that carries a squaric acid amide ester moiety at the carbohydrate (α-l-daunosaminyl) group was identified as a selective inhibitor of in vitro dengue virus (denv) serotype 2 replication (50% effective concentration [ec(50)] = 0.34 ± 0.20 μg/ml [0.52 ± 0.31 μm]). sa-17 is markedly less cytostatic than the parent compound, resulting in a selectivity index value of ∼100. sa-17 also inhibits yellow fever virus 17d (yfv-17d) replication (ec(50) = 3.1 ± 1.0 μg/ml [4.8 ± ... | 2010 | 20837762 |
| detection of usutu virus within a west nile virus surveillance program in northern italy. | abstract usutu virus (usuv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus belonging to the japanese encephalitis serocomplex, recently related to neurological disease in immunosuppressed patients. in the same area of northern italy where usuv human cases occurred in 2009, a regional west nile virus (wnv) surveillance program based on mosquito monitoring and wild birds screening has been implemented since 2008. mosquito pools and wild birds were tested using three different polymerase chain reactions (flaviviru ... | 2011 | 20849275 |
| dengue virus associated hemophagocytic syndrome in children: a case report. | hemophagocytic syndrome (hs) is a clinico-pathologic entity characterized by activation of t lymphocytes and macrophages. it may be diagnosed in association with malignant, genetic, or autoimmune diseases, but is most linked with epstein-barr virus. there are few reports of association between hs and dengue in pediatrics. dengue fever, caused by a flavivirus, is an important mosquito-transmitted disease. it can cause increased vascular permeability that leads to a bleeding diathesis or dissemina ... | 2010 | 20853575 |
| west nile virus monitoring of migratory and resident birds in germany. | west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus naturally circulating in wild bird populations. the virus is also capable to infect a broad range of vertebrate species. humans and equines are highly susceptible and can develop mild flu-like illnesses as well as severe encephalitis leading to fatalities. most recently, wnv was found to circulate in countries close to germany, such as france, czech republic, italy, austria, and hungary. given this epidemiological situation its spread to germa ... | 2010 | 20854016 |
| assessment of a novel real-time pan-flavivirus rt-polymerase chain reaction. | outbreaks of west nile virus (wnv) have occurred intermittently in regions around the mediterranean coast, and the virus may have become established in northern italy and romania, with reported intermittent outbreaks in spain, hungary, and france. wnv has also spread rapidly throughout the americas since its introduction into new york in 1999. this capacity to emerge in new geographical locations and to spread rapidly together with the current increase in incidence of other flaviviruses such as ... | 2010 | 20854019 |
| what is known about the antiviral agents active against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)? | viruses belonging to the flaviviridae family cause clinically significant diseases in humans and animals. this family includes three genera: pestivirus [including bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)], flavivirus [including yellow fever virus (yfv), dengue virus, and west nile virus (wnv)], and hepacivirus [including hepatitis c virus (hcv)]. bvdv is responsible for major losses in cattle, causing a range of clinical manifestations, and is also a problematic contaminant in the laboratory. noncytop ... | 2010 | 20858174 |
| unfolded protein response (upr) gene expression during antibody-dependent enhanced infection of cultured monocytes correlates with dengue disease severity. | denv (dengue virus) induces upr (unfolded protein response) in the host cell, which strikes a balance between pro-survival and pro-apoptotic signals. we previously showed that salubrinal, a drug that targets the upr, inhibits denv replication. here, we examine the impact on upr after direct or ade (antibody-dependent enhanced) infection of cells with denv clinical isolates. thp-1 cells in the presence of subneutralizing concentration of humanized antibody 4g2 (cross-reactive with flavivirus enve ... | 2011 | 20858223 |
| identification and characterization of a virus-specific continuous b-cell epitope on the prm/m protein of japanese encephalitis virus: potential application in the detection of antibodies to distinguish japanese encephalitis virus infection from west nile virus and dengue virus infections. | differential diagnose of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection from other flavivirus especially west nile virus (wnv) and dengue virus (dv) infection was greatly hindered for the serological cross-reactive. virus specific epitopes could benefit for developing jev specific antibodies detection methods. to identify the jev specific epitopes, we fully mapped and characterized the continuous b-cell epitope of the prm/m protein of jev. | 2010 | 20858291 |
| development of sanofi pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine. | the sanofi pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate is composed of 4 recombinant live attenuated vaccines based on a yellow fever vaccine 17d (yfv 17d) backbone, each expressing the prm and envelope genes of one of the four dengue virus serotypes. pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the tv dengue vaccine is genetically and phenotypically stable, non-hepatotropic, less neurovirulent than yfv 17d and does not infect mosquitoes by the oral route. in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies ... | 2010 | 20861669 |
| crystal structure of the dengue virus methyltransferase bound to a 5'-capped octameric rna. | the n-terminal domain of the flavivirus ns5 protein functions as a methyltransferase (mtase). it sequentially methylates the n7 and 2'-o positions of the viral rna cap structure (gpppa→(7me)gpppa→(7me)gpppa(2'-o-me)). the same ns5 domain could also have a guanylyltransferase activity (gtp+ppa-rna→gpppa). the mechanism by which this protein domain catalyzes these three distinct functions is currently unknown. here we report the crystallographic structure of denv-3 mtase in complex with a 5'-cappe ... | 2010 | 20862256 |
| molecular mechanisms involved in the early steps of flavivirus cell entry. | flaviviruses enter their host cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, a well-orchestrated process of receptor recognition, penetration and uncoating. recent findings on these early steps in the life cycle of flaviviruses are the focus of this review. | 2010 | 20869460 |
| peptide inhibitors of flavivirus entry derived from the e protein stem. | peptides derived from the "stem" of dengue virus (dv) type 2 (dv2) envelope (e) protein inhibit dv2 infectivity, targeting a late-stage fusion intermediate. we show here that stem peptides from all dv serotypes cross-inhibit dv1 to dv4 but that corresponding peptides derived from related flaviviruses do not. this failure to inhibit infection is not due to poor interaction with the e protein but rather to loss of association with the virion membrane. residues 442 to 444 of the stem are determinan ... | 2010 | 20881042 |
| restoration of replication-defective dengue type 1 virus bearing mutations in the n-terminal cytoplasmic portion of ns4a by additional mutations in ns4b. | flavivirus ns4a has an n-terminal hydrophilic cytoplasmic portion; however, the role of this portion remains poorly understood. in this study, we show that a recombinant dengue type 1 virus (denv-1) in which a subportion (amino acids 27-34) of the n-terminal portion of ns4a is replaced by the corresponding region from japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is defective in replication. using the defective mutant clone ns4a(27-34(jev)), we recovered suppressor mutant viruses that carry various non-syno ... | 2010 | 20882304 |
| alkhumra (alkhurma) virus outbreak in najran, saudi arabia: epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. | after its first appearance in alkhumra district of jeddah in 1994-1995, and then in makkah in 2001-2003, the new hemorrhagic fever virus, known as alkhumra (misnamed as alkhurma) virus (alkv), has subsequently been reported from najran, in the south border of saudi arabia. | 2010 | 20920527 |
| [examination of mosquitoes collected in southern moravia in 2006-2008 tested for arboviruses]. | the main goals of the study were to carry out virus isolation attempts on vero cell cultures from mosquitoes collected in southern moravia (breclav district, czech republic) and to identify the isolates using a microtiter virus neutralization test. a total of 9.742 female mosquitoes belonging to 13 species were examined, and three viral strains were isolated, all from the mosquitoes collected in 2006: two of these isolates were identified as tahyna orthobunyavirus (both obtained from aedes vexan ... | 2010 | 20925246 |
| amphipathic alpha-helix ah2 is a major determinant for the oligomerization of hepatitis c virus nonstructural protein 4b. | nonstructural protein 4b (ns4b) is a key organizer of hepatitis c virus (hcv) replication complex formation. it induces a specific membrane rearrangement, designated membranous web, that serves as a scaffold for the hcv replication complex. however, the mechanisms underlying membranous web formation are poorly understood. based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) and confirmatory coimmunoprecipitation analyses, we provide evidence for an oligomerization of ns4b in the membrane envir ... | 2010 | 20926561 |
| molecular phylogeny of edge hill virus supports its position in the yellow fever virus group and identifies a new genetic variant. | edge hill virus (ehv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus isolated throughout australia during mosquito surveillance programs. while not posing an immediate threat to the human population, ehv is a taxonomically interesting flavivirus since it remains the only member of the yellow fever virus (yfv) sub-group to be detected within australia. here we present both an antigenic and genetic investigation of collected isolates, and confirm taxonomic classification of the virus within the yfv-group. isolate ... | 2010 | 20938485 |
| [japanese encephalitis virus and other flaviviruses]. | 2010 | 20942080 | |
| network based analysis of hepatitis c virus core and ns4b protein interactions. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. here we attempt to further our understanding of the biological context of protein interactions in hcv pathogenesis, by investigating interactions between hcv proteins core and ns4b and human host proteins. using the yeast two-hybrid (y2h) membrane protein system, eleven human host proteins interacting with core and 45 interacting with ns4b were identified, most of which are novel. these interactions were used to infer o ... | 2010 | 20953506 |
| predictive diagnostic value of the tourniquet test for the diagnosis of dengue infection in adults. | to examine the accuracy of the admission tourniquet test in the diagnosis of dengue infection among lao adults. | 2010 | 20958892 |
| new insights into structure and replication of the hepatitis c virus and clinical implications. | with the advent of efficient systems to propagate the hepatitis c virus (hcv) in cultured cells important new discoveries have been made. for instance, several molecules required for hcv infection of hepatocytes have been identified and first insights into the entry pathway have been gained. ribonucleic acid (rna) replication and virion assembly were found to be tightly linked to lipid metabolism and numerous host factors contributing to viral replication have been identified. some of them such ... | 2010 | 20960374 |
| genetic analysis of west nile virus containing a complete 3'csi rna deletion. | we report a genetic interplay among three pairs of long-distance rna interactions that are involved in west nile virus (wnv) genome cyclization and replication: 5'cs/3'csi (conserved sequence), 5'uar/3'uar (upstream aug region), and 5'dar/3'dar (downstream aug region). deletion of the complete 3'csi element is lethal for wnv replication, but the replication of the 3'csi deletion virus could be rescued by second site mutations. functional analysis, using a genome-length rna and replicon, mapped t ... | 2010 | 20965539 |
| prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to west nile virus in eleonora's falcons in the canary islands. | birds are the major amplifying host for west nile virus (wnv), a flavivirus that may affect humans and transmitted by bloodsucking vectors. eleonora's falcons (falco eleonorae) migrate to the canary islands annually from wnv-endemic regions. to investigate the possible role of eleonora's falcons in the circulation of wnv, we measured wnv-specific antibodies in 81 falcons captured in 2006. none of the nestlings but 14.8% of the adults had wnv-neutralizing antibodies. rt-pcr did not detect flavivi ... | 2010 | 20966288 |
| in vitro and in vivo studies identify important features of dengue virus pr-e protein interactions. | flaviviruses bud into the endoplasmic reticulum and are transported through the secretory pathway, where the mildly acidic environment triggers particle rearrangement and allows furin processing of the prm protein to pr and m. the peripheral pr peptide remains bound to virus at low ph and inhibits virus-membrane interaction. upon exocytosis, the release of pr at neutral ph completes virus maturation to an infectious particle. together this evidence suggests that pr may shield the flavivirus fusi ... | 2010 | 20975939 |
| emergence and establishment of usutu virus infection in wild and captive avian species in and around zurich, switzerland--genomic and pathologic comparison to other central european outbreaks. | in late summer 2006 considerable mortality in wild and captive passeriformes and strigiformes was observed in zurich, switzerland. all animals were found in a range of 2 km(2). observed clinical signs involved depression, ruffled plumage, incoordination, seizures and peracute death. nutritional status was generally moderate to poor in wild birds, and variable in captive animals. necropsy showed marked splenomegaly, a mild hepatomegaly, and pulmonary hyperemia in most animals. histopathologic les ... | 2010 | 20980109 |
| cross-genotypic polyclonal anti-hcv antibodies from human ascitic fluid. | many anti-hcv antibodies are available, but more are needed for research and clinical applications. this study examines whether ascitic fluid from cirrhotic patients could be a source of reagent-grade antibodies. ascitic fluid from 29 hcv patients was screened by elisa for anti-hcv antibodies against three viral proteins: core, ns4b, and ns5a. significant patient-to-patient variability in anti-hcv antibody titers was observed. total ascitic fluid igg purified by protein-a chromatography reacted ... | 2010 | 21034775 |
| antiviral activities of isg20 in positive-strand rna virus infections. | isg20 is an interferon-inducible 3'-5' exonuclease that inhibits replication of several human and animal rna viruses. however, the specificities of isg20's antiviral action remain poorly defined. here we determine the impact of ectopic expression of isg20 on replication of several positive-strand rna viruses from distinct viral families. isg20 inhibited infections by cell culture-derived hepatitis c virus (hcv) and a pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and a picornavirus, hepatitis a virus. ... | 2010 | 21036379 |
| serological investigations of flavivirus prevalence in khammouane province, lao people's democratic republic, 2007-2008. | a large-scale cross-sectional seroprevalence study of dengue (den) and japanese encephalitis (je) was conducted in khammouane province, lao pdr, as part of the initial baseline health impact assessment of the nam theun 2 hydroelectric dam construction project. health surveys were performed between may 2007 and february 2008 with serum samples collected from healthy individuals involved in the resettlement program of 16 villages (total surveyed population 4,369). hemagglutination inhibition assay ... | 2010 | 21036856 |
| interaction between the yellow fever virus nonstructural protein ns3 and the host protein alix contributes to the release of infectious particles. | the escrt (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery normally executes cargo sorting and internalization during multivesicular body biogenesis, but is also utilized by several enveloped viruses to facilitate their budding from cellular membranes. although the mechanisms of flavivirus infectious particle assembly and release are poorly understood, the nonstructural protein ns3 has been reported to have an essential role via an undescribed mechanism. here, we shed light on the ro ... | 2010 | 21044891 |
| comparison of dengue virus type 2-specific small rnas from rna interference-competent and -incompetent mosquito cells. | the exogenous rna interference (rnai) pathway is an important antiviral defense against arboviruses in mosquitoes, and virus-specific small interfering (si)rnas are key components of this pathway. understanding the biogenesis of sirnas in mosquitoes could have important ramifications in using rnai to control arbovirus transmission. using deep sequencing technology, we characterized dengue virus type 2 (denv2)-specific small rnas produced during infection of aedes aegypti mosquitoes and a. aegypt ... | 2010 | 21049014 |
| virtual ligand screening of the national cancer institute (nci) compound library leads to the allosteric inhibitory scaffolds of the west nile virus ns3 proteinase. | viruses of the genus flavivirus are responsible for significant human disease and mortality. the n-terminal domain of the flaviviral nonstructural (ns)3 protein codes for the serine, chymotrypsin-fold proteinase (ns3pro). the presence of the nonstructural (ns)2b cofactor, which is encoded by the upstream gene in the flaviviral genome, is necessary for ns3pro to exhibit its proteolytic activity. the two-component ns2b-ns3pro functional activity is essential for the viral polyprotein processing an ... | 2010 | 21050032 |
| the flvr-encoded murine oligoadenylate synthetase 1b (oas1b) suppresses 2-5a synthesis in intact cells. | resistance to flavivirus-induced disease in mice is conferred by the autosomal gene flv, identified as 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1b (oas1b). resistant mice express a full-length oas1b protein while susceptible mice express the truncated oas1btr. in this study, oas1b was shown to be an inactive synthetase. although the oas/rnase l pathway was previously shown to have an antiviral role during flavivirus infections, oas1b protein inhibited oas1a in vitro synthetase activity in a dose-dependen ... | 2010 | 21056894 |
| [investigation of dengue virus and yellow fever virus seropositivities in blood donors from central/northern anatolia, turkey.] | dengue virus (denv) and yellow fever virus (yfv) are two of the globally prevalent vector-borne flaviviruses. data on these viruses from turkey is limited to a single study originating from the western, aegean region of turkey, where evidence for denv exposure had been confirmed in residents and presence of hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against yfv had been revealed. the aim of this study was to investigate the rates of seropositivity of denv and yfv in blood donors from central/norther ... | 2010 | 21063991 |
| [investigation of west nile virus seroprevalence in healthy blood donors.] | west nile virus (wnv) which is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitos, may lead to asymptomatic infection, mild febrile illness or encephalitis. many sporadic cases and major outbreaks of west nile fever have been reported worldwide, however, wnv infections have not been well documented in turkey. the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of past wnv infections in a population of blood donors. blood samples were collected from donors with their informed consent. samples were pr ... | 2010 | 21063992 |
| mouse stat2 restricts early dengue virus replication. | dengue virus encodes several interferon antagonists. among these the ns5 protein binds stat2, a necessary component of the type i interferon signaling pathway, and targets it for degradation. we now demonstrate that the ability of dengue ns5 to associate with and degrade stat2 is species specific. thus, ns5 is able to bind and degrade human stat2, but not mouse stat2. this difference was exploited to demonstrate, absent manipulation of the viral genome, that ns5-mediated ifn antagonism is essent ... | 2010 | 21075352 |
| human monoclonal antibodies to west nile virus identify epitopes on the prm protein. | hybridoma cell lines (2e8, 8g8 and 5g12) producing fully human monoclonal antibodies (hmabs) specific for the pre-membrane (prm) protein of west nile virus (wnv) were prepared using a human fusion partner cell line, mfp-2, and human peripheral blood lymphocytes from a blood donor diagnosed with wnv fever in 2004. using site-directed mutagenesis of a wnv-like particle (vlp) we identified 4 amino acid residues in the prm protein unique to wnv and important in the binding of these hmabs to the vlp. ... | 2010 | 21084104 |
| high affinity human antibody fragments to dengue virus non-structural protein 3. | the enzyme activities catalysed by flavivirus non-structural protein 3 (ns3) are essential for virus replication. they are distributed between the n-terminal protease domain in the first one-third and the c-terminal atpase/helicase and nucleoside 5' triphosphatase domain which forms the remainder of the 618-aa long protein. | 2010 | 21085466 |
| arbovirus detection in insect vectors by rapid, high-throughput pyrosequencing. | despite the global threat caused by arthropod-borne viruses, there is not an efficient method for screening vector populations to detect novel viral sequences. current viral detection and surveillance methods based on culture can be costly and time consuming and are predicated on prior knowledge of the etiologic agent, as they rely on specific oligonucleotide primers or antibodies. therefore, these techniques may be unsuitable for situations when the causative agent of an outbreak is unknown. | 2010 | 21085471 |
| acute dengue myositis with rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. | dengue is an acute mosquito-borne infection caused by dengue viruses from the genus flavivirus. neurologic complications have been attributed chiefly to metabolic alterations and to focal and sometimes massive intracranial haemorrhages, but anecdotal cases and limited case series have indicated the possibility of viral cns and skeletal muscle invasion causing encephalitis and myositis. we present a case of a 40-year-old male who presented with severe dengue myositis resulting in quadriparesis, r ... | 2010 | 21085538 |
| concurrent dengue and malaria in the amazon region. | the amazon region has extensive forested areas and natural ecosystems, providing favorable conditions for the existence of innumerous arboviruses. over 200 arboviruses have been isolated in brazil and about 40 are associated with human disease. four out of 40 are considered to be of public health importance in brazil: dengue viruses (1-4), oropouche, mayaro and yellow fever. along with these viruses, about 98% of the malaria cases are restricted to the legal amazon region. | 2010 | 21085859 |
| evolution of dengue virus type 3 genotype iii in venezuela: diversification, rates and population dynamics. | dengue virus (denv) is a member of the genus flavivirus of the family flaviviridae. denv are comprised of four distinct serotypes (denv-1 through denv-4) and each serotype can be divided in different genotypes. currently, there is a dramatic emergence of denv-3 genotype iii in latin america. nevertheless, we still have an incomplete understanding of the evolutionary forces underlying the evolution of this genotype in this region of the world. in order to gain insight into the degree of genetic v ... | 2010 | 21087501 |
| arboviral diseases and malaria in australia, 2008-09: annual report of the national arbovirus and malaria advisory committee. | the national notifiable diseases surveillance system received 8,677 notifications of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes in australia from 1 july 2008 to 30 june 2009. the alphaviruses, barmah forest and ross river, accounted for 6,574 (78%) of these notifications during 2008-09. there were 1,009 notifications of dengue virus infection locally-acquired in north queensland and 484 notified cases resulted from overseas travel. notification rates of dengue virus infection for 2008-09, regardless of ... | 2010 | 21090179 |
| mosquito-borne hemorrhagic fevers. | arboviruses continue to be a significant source of disease, especially in regions where their insect hosts are endemic. this article highlights these diseases, with particular focus on dengue, yellow fever, and viral hemorrhagic fever. a general background is provided, as well information concerning diagnosis and treatment. | 2011 | 21095525 |
| development of a highly sensitive real-time rt-pcr protocol for the detection of classical swine fever virus independent of the 5' untranslated region. | classical swine fever (csf) is one of the most severe diseases of pigs, and can cause immense economic losses. real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) can be used as a sensitive and specific method for detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv). different published protocols are used routinely for csfv diagnosis. however, almost all these systems use the highly conserved 5' untranslated region (5'utr) of the csfv genome as template. for a reliable diagnosis in ou ... | 2010 | 21111760 |
| evaluation of a prototype dengue-1 dna vaccine in a phase 1 clinical trial. | candidate dengue dna vaccine constructs for each dengue serotype were developed by incorporating pre-membrane and envelope genes into a plasmid vector. a phase 1 clinical trial was performed using the dengue virus serotype-1 (denv-1) vaccine construct (d1me(100)). the study was an open-label, dose-escalation, safety and immunogenicity trial involving 22 healthy flavivirus-naïve adults assigned to one of two groups. each group received three intramuscular injections (0, 1, and 5 months) of either ... | 2010 | 21111785 |
| detection of west nile virus. | west nile virus (wnv; flavivirus, flaviviridae) is a spherical enveloped virion containing single-stranded, positive-sense rna, approximately 11 kb in length. the virus is the most widely distributed flavivirus in the world. genetic analysis reveals two major lineages of virus, i and ii, and several possible newly recognized lineages. lineage i strains are most commonly associated with outbreaks of neurologic disease, although lineage ii virus has led to large epidemics of fever, as in south afr ... | 2011 | 21116812 |
| alkhurma hemorrhagic fever in humans, najran, saudi arabia. | alkhurma virus is a flavivirus, discovered in 1994 in a person who died of hemorrhagic fever after slaughtering a sheep from the city of alkhurma, saudi arabia. since then, several cases of alkhurma hemorrhagic fever (alkhf), with fatality rates up to 25%, have been documented. from january 1, 2006, through april 1, 2009, active disease surveillance and serologic testing of household contacts identified alkhf in 28 persons in najran, saudi arabia. for epidemiologic comparison, serologic testing ... | 2010 | 21122217 |
| alkhurma hemorrhagic fever in travelers returning from egypt, 2010. | two travelers returning to italy from southern egypt were hospitalized with a fever of unknown origin. test results showed infection with alkhurma virus. the geographic distribution of this virus could be broader than previously thought. | 2010 | 21122237 |
| insertion of microrna targets into the flavivirus genome alters its highly neurovirulent phenotype. | flaviviruses such as west nile, japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis (tbev) viruses are important neurotropic human pathogens, causing a devastating and often fatal neuroinfection. here, we demonstrate that incorporation into the viral genome of a target sequence for cellular micrornas expressed in the central nervous system (cns) enables alteration of the neurovirulence of the virus and control of the neuropathogenesis of flavivirus infection. as a model virus for this type of mod ... | 2010 | 21123372 |
| the 5' and 3' downstream aug region elements are required for mosquito-borne flavivirus rna replication. | flaviviruses require complementarity between the 5' and 3' ends of the genome for rna replication. for mosquito-borne flaviviruses, the cyclization sequences (cs) and upstream of aug region (uar) elements at the genomic termini are necessary for viral rna replication, and a third motif, the downstream of aug region (dar), was recently designated for dengue virus. the 3' dar sequence is also part of a hairpin (hp-3'sl), and both complementarity between 5' and 3' dar motifs and formation of the hp ... | 2010 | 21123391 |
| genetic characterization of japanese encephalitis virus genotype ii strains isolated from 1951 to 1978. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev), the prototype member of the jev serocomplex, genus flavivirus, family flaviviridae, is the most significant arthropod-borne encephalitis worldwide in terms of morbidity and mortality. at least four genotypes (gi-giv) of the virus have been identified; however, to date, the genomic nucleotide sequence of only one gii virus has been determined (fu strain, australia, 1995). this study sequenced three additional gii strains of jev isolated between 1951 and 1978 in ... | 2010 | 21123550 |
| antiviral and neuroprotective role of octaguanidinium dendrimer-conjugated morpholino oligomers in japanese encephalitis. | japanese encephalitis (je), caused by a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is endemic to the entire south-east asian and adjoining regions. currently no therapeutic interventions are available for je, thereby making it one of the most dreaded encephalitides in the world. an effective way to counter the virus would be to inhibit viral replication by using anti-sense molecules directed against the viral genome. octaguanidinium dendrimer-conjugated morpholino (or vivo-morpholino) are uncharged anti-sense o ... | 2010 | 21124882 |
| alkylated porphyrins have broad antiviral activity against hepadnaviruses, flaviviruses, filoviruses, and arenaviruses. | we screened ∼2,200 compounds known to be safe in people for the ability to reduce the amount of virion-associated hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in the culture medium of producer cells. these efforts led to the discovery of an alkylated porphyrin, chlorophyllide, as the compound that achieved the greatest reduction in signal. here we report that chlorophyllide directly and quantitatively disrupted hbv virions at micromolar concentrations, resulting in the loss of all detectable virion dna, without ... | 2010 | 21135183 |
| vaccination and antiviral treatment of neglected diseases caused by flaviviral infections. | flaviviral infections have a re-emerging impact on the health situation in developing countries with several billions of people living at risk. in the present review, we focus on three members of the genus flavivirus belonging to the flaviviridae family. they are transmitted to humans by mosquito bites, namely those viruses leading to dengue fever, yellow fever and mosquito-borne japanese encephalitis. all three virus groups have a spherical structure with a diameter of approximately 50 nm. alth ... | 2011 | 21143108 |
| review of dengue virus and the development of a vaccine. | dengue viral infection has become an increasing global health concern with over two-fifths of the world's population at risk of infection. it is the most rapidly spreading vector borne disease, attributed to changing demographics, urbanization, environment, and global travel. it continues to be a threat in over 100 tropical and sub-tropical countries, affecting predominantly children. dengue also carries a hefty financial burden on the health care systems in affected areas, as those infected see ... | 2010 | 21146601 |
| small molecule inhibitors that selectively block dengue virus methyltransferase. | crystal structure analysis of flavivirus methyltransferases uncovered a flavivirus-conserved cavity located next to the binding site for its cofactor, s-adenosyl-methionine (sam). chemical derivatization of s-adenosyl-homocysteine (sah), the product inhibitor of the methylation reaction, with substituents that extend into the identified cavity, generated inhibitors that showed improved and selective activity against dengue virus methyltransferase (mtase), but not related human enzymes. crystal s ... | 2010 | 21147775 |
| hsp110-mediated enhancement of cd4+ t cell responses to the envelope glycoprotein of members of the family flaviviridae in vitro does not occur in vivo. | the use of heat shock proteins (hsp) to enhance activation of the immune response to chaperoned antigen is being explored for immunotherapy. hsp110 chaperones large protein substrates more effectively than hsp70, offering the potential to use complex antigens containing multiple epitopes in hsp-based vaccines. in this study, we investigated the ability of recombinant bovine hsp110 to chaperone e2 glycoprotein, the major envelope protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and the dominant targ ... | 2010 | 21147937 |
| advances in flavivirus vaccine development. | flaviviruses comprise a diverse family of viruses that are cumulatively responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of infection annually. the flavivirus genus includes both insect-vectored viruses, such as yellow fever and dengue, and non-vectored viruses such as hcv; the viruses have a broad range of disease presentation and geographic distribution. no specific antiviral therapies are currently available for the diseases caused by insect-vectored flaviviruses. thus, efforts have been focused ... | 2010 | 21154147 |
| a rapid and specific real-time rt-pcr assay to identify usutu virus in human plasma, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid. | usutu virus (usuv), a flavivirus that belongs to the japanese encephalitis virus (jev) family, has recently emerged as a human pathogen, necessitating new diagnostic tools. | 2010 | 21156352 |
| [sero-epidemiological study of west nile virus circulation in human in tunisia.] | west nile virus (wnv) is an arbovirus classified into the family of flaviviridae, genus flavivirus. it is responsible for neurological diseases that occurred frequently as outbreaks and considered as an emerging infection in different regions of the world. in tunisia, two outbreaks of meningoencephalitis due to this virus occurred, in 1997 and 2003. the virus circulation is studied only in sahel, region affected by the two epidemics. the aim of this study is to determine if wnv is present in oth ... | 2010 | 21161623 |
| fatal persistence of west nile virus subtype kunjin in the brains of flavivirus resistant mice. | flaviviruses cause febrile illnesses in humans that may progress to encephalitis and death. both viral and host factors determine the level of virus replication and outcome of infection. in mice, genetically determined resistance conferred by the flavivirus resistance locus (flv) is responsible for the restricted flavivirus replication and prevention of disease development. majority of flaviviruses express significant virulence, replicate to high titers and cause high mortality in susceptible mi ... | 2010 | 21167228 |
| mosquito vectors of west nile virus during an epizootic outbreak in puerto rico. | the purpose of this investigation was to identify the mosquito (diptera: culicidae) vectors of west nile virus (wnv; family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus) during an epizootic wnv outbreak in eastern puerto rico in 2007. in june 2006, 12 sentinel chicken pens with five chickens per pen were deployed in six types of habitats: herbaceous wetlands, mangrove forests, deciduous forests, evergreen forests, rural areas, and urban areas. once wnv seroconversion in chickens was detected in june 2007, we ... | 2010 | 21175071 |
| detection of west nile virus in stable flies (diptera: muscidae) parasitizing juvenile american white pelicans. | stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), an economically important pest of livestock and humans, were observed parasitizing prefledged american white pelicans, pelecanus erythrorhynchos (pelecaniformes: pelecanidae), in a pelican breeding colony in northeastern montana where die-offs attributed to west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) have occurred since 2002. engorged and unengorged flies were collected off nine moribund chicks. of 29 blood-engorged fli ... | 2010 | 21175073 |
| evidence of simultaneous circulation of west nile and usutu viruses in mosquitoes sampled in emilia-romagna region (italy) in 2009. | in recent years human diseases due to mosquito-borne viruses were increasingly reported in emilia-romagna region (italy), from the chikungunya virus in 2007 to the west nile virus (wnv) in 2008. an extensive entomological survey was performed in 2009 to establish the presence and distribution of mosquito arboviruses in this region, with particular reference to flaviviruses. | 2010 | 21179462 |
| rna sequences and structures required for the recruitment and activity of the dengue virus polymerase. | dengue virus rna-dependent rna polymerase specifically binds to the viral genome by interacting with a promoter element known as stem-loop a (sla). although a great deal has been learned in recent years about the function of this promoter in dengue virus-infected cells, the molecular details that explain how the sla interacts with the polymerase to promote viral rna synthesis remain poorly understood. using rna binding and polymerase activity assays, we defined two elements of the sla that are i ... | 2010 | 21183683 |
| anthracene-based inhibitors of dengue virus ns2b-ns3 protease. | dengue virus (denv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has strained global healthcare systems throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. in addition to plaguing developing nations, it has re-emerged in several developed countries with recent outbreaks in the usa (cdc, 2010), australia (hanna et al., 2009), taiwan (kuan et al., 2010) and france (la ruche et al., 2010). denv infection can cause significant disease, including dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock synd ... | 2010 | 21185332 |
| development and application of west nile virus subgenomic replicon rna expressing secreted alkaline phosphatase. | we have developed a west nile virus (wnv) subgenomic replicon harboring the secreted alkaline phosphatase (seap) reporter gene instead of viral structural genes (designated repwnv/seap). the repwnv/seap allowed easy evaluation of viral replication efficiency by direct measurement of seap secretion in the cell culture medium in physical containment level 2 facilities. furthermore, we validated the availability of this system using a known anti-flavivirus gene, mouse oligoadenylate synthetase 1b ( ... | 2010 | 21187681 |
| west nile virus differentially modulates the unfolded protein response to facilitate replication and immune evasion. | for intracellular survival it is imperative that viruses have the capacity to manipulate various cellular responses, including metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. the unfolded protein response (upr) is induced by various external and internal stimuli, including the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). our previous studies have indicated that the replication and assembly of the flavivirus west nile virus strain kunjin virus (wnv(kun)) is intimately associated wit ... | 2010 | 21191014 |
| appraising the roles of cbll1 and the ubiquitin/proteasome system for flavivirus entry and replication. | the ubiquitin ligase cbll1 (also known as hakai) has been proposed to be a critical cellular factor exploited by west nile virus (wnv) for productive infection. cbll1 has emerged as a major hit in a recent rna interference screen designed to identify cellular factors required for the early stages of the wnv life cycle. follow-up experiments showed that hela cells knocked down for cbll1 by a small interfering rna (sirna) failed to internalize wnv particles and resisted infection. furthermore, dep ... | 2010 | 21191016 |
| membrane interaction of segment h1 (ns4b(h1)) from hepatitis c virus non-structural protein 4b. | ns4b protein from hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a highly hydrophobic protein inducing a rearrangement of endoplasmic reticulum membranes responsible of the hcv replication process. different helical elements have been found in the n- and c- terminal domains of the protein, which seem to be responsible for many key aspects of the viral replication process. in this work we have carried out a study of the binding and interaction with model biomembranes of peptide ns4b(h1), patterned after segment h1, ... | 2010 | 21195690 |
| role of the chemokine receptors ccr1, ccr2 and ccr4 in the pathogenesis of experimental dengue infection in mice. | dengue virus (denv), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a public health problem in many tropical countries. recent clinical data have shown an association between levels of different chemokines in plasma and severity of dengue. we evaluated the role of cc chemokine receptors ccr1, ccr2 and ccr4 in an experimental model of denv-2 infection in mice. infection of mice induced evident clinical disease and tissue damage, including thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration, lymphopenia, increased levels of tra ... | 2010 | 21206747 |
| temporal and spatial alterations in mutant swarm size of st. louis encephalitis virus in mosquito hosts. | st. louis encephalitis virus (slev; flaviviridae; flavivirus) is a member of the japanese encephalitis serocomplex and a close relative of west nile virus (wnv). although slev remains endemic to the us, both levels of activity and geographical dispersal are relatively constrained when compared to the widespread distribution of wnv. in recent years, wnv appears to have displaced slev in california, yet both viruses currently coexist in texas and several other states. it has become clear that vira ... | 2011 | 21215334 |
| replacement of the 3' untranslated variable region of mosquito-borne dengue virus with that of tick-borne langat virus does not alter vector specificity. | the four major flavivirus clades are transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, directly between vertebrates or directly between arthropods, respectively, but the molecular determinants of mode of transmission in flaviviruses are unknown. to assess the role of the utrs in transmission, we generated chimeric genomes in which the 5' utr, capsid and/or 3' utr of mosquito-borne dengue virus serotype 4 (rdenv-4) were replaced, separately or in combination, with those of tick-borne langat virus (rlgtv). none o ... | 2011 | 21216984 |
| immune response to dengue virus and prospects for a vaccine. | dengue virus (denv) is a mosquito-borne member of the flavivirus genus and includes four serotypes (denv-1, denv-2, denv-3, and denv-4), each of which is capable of causing dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. serious disease can be seen during primary infection but is more frequent following second infection with a serotype different from that of a previous infection. infection with wild-type denv induces high-titered neutralizing antibody that can provide long-term ... | 2011 | 21219187 |
| prediction of the post-translational modification sites on dengue virus e protein and deciphering their role in pathogenesis. | dengue virus, a member of the flavivirus family, is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen for which any specific treatment or control of infection by vaccination is yet to be conclusive. the envelope glycoprotein, e, mediates viral entry by membrane fusion. elucidation of post-translational modification sites in e protein followed by sequence alignment produced stretches of residues which are conserved in most of the members of flaviviruses. presence of protein kinase a (pka) and protein kinase g (pkg ... | 2010 | 21224207 |
| a west nile virus mutant with increased resistance to acid-induced inactivation. | west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible for epidemics of febrile illness, meningitis, encephalitis and flaccid paralysis. wnv gains entry into host cells through endocytosis. the acid ph inside endosomes triggers rapid conformational rearrangements of the flavivirus envelope (e) glycoprotein that result in fusion of the endosomal membrane with the virion envelope. conformational rearrangements of the e glycoprotein can be induced by acid exposure in solution in the absen ... | 2011 | 21228127 |
| full serotype- and group-specific ns1 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid differential diagnosis of dengue virus infection. | dengue virus (denv), a member of the flavivirus family, has four distinct serotypes (denv serotype 1 [denv1], denv2, denv3, and denv4) that require differentiation for the effective prevention of morbid disease. early and rapid differentiation between flaviviruses remains challenging. full assays combining four individual, serotype-specific and one group-specific nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) based on monoclonal antibodies (mabs) agains ... | 2011 | 21228146 |
| successful propagation of flavivirus infectious cdnas by a novel method to reduce the cryptic bacterial promoter activity of virus genomes. | reverse genetics is a powerful tool to study single-stranded rna viruses. despite tremendous efforts having been made to improve the methodology for constructing flavivirus cdnas, the cause of toxicity of flavivirus cdnas in bacteria remains unknown. here we performed mutational analysis studies to identify escherichia coli promoter (ecp) sequences within nucleotides (nt) 1 to 3000 of the dengue virus type 2 (denv2) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev) genomes. eight and four active ecps were d ... | 2011 | 21228244 |
| computer-based comparison of structural features of envelope protein of alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus with the homologous proteins of two closest viruses. | the aim of this study was prediction of epitopes and medically important structural properties of protein e of alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (ahfv) and comparing these features with two closely relates viruses, i.e. kyasanur forest disease virus (kfdv) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) by bioinformatics tools. prediction of evolutionary distance, localization, sequence of signal peptides, c, n o glycosylation sites, transmembrane helices (tmhs), cysteine bond positions and b cell and t ... | 2011 | 21235484 |
| identification of an ntpase motif in classical swine fever virus ns4b protein. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of swine caused by csf virus (csfv), a positive-sense single-stranded rna virus within the pestivirus genus of the flaviviridae family. here, we have identified conserved sequence elements observed in nucleotide-binding motifs (nbm) that hydrolyze ntps within the csfv non-structural (ns) protein ns4b. expressed ns4b protein hydrolyzes both atp and gtp. substitutions of critical residues within the identified ns4b nbm walk ... | 2011 | 21236462 |
| identification and characterization of the host protein dnajc14 as a broadly active flavivirus replication modulator. | viruses in the flavivirus genus of the flaviviridae family are arthropod-transmitted and contribute to staggering numbers of human infections and significant deaths annually across the globe. to identify cellular factors with antiviral activity against flaviviruses, we screened a cdna library using an iterative approach. we identified a mammalian hsp40 chaperone protein (dnajc14) that when overexpressed was able to mediate protection from yellow fever virus (yfv)-induced cell death. further stud ... | 2011 | 21249176 |
| culex flavivirus and west nile virus mosquito coinfection and positive ecological association in chicago, united states. | culex flavivirus (cxfv) is an insect-specific flavivirus globally distributed in mosquitoes of the genus culex. cxfv was positively associated with west nile virus (wnv) infection in a case-control study of 268 mosquito pools from an endemic focus of wnv transmission in chicago, united states. specifically, wnv-positive culex mosquito pools were four times more likely also to be infected with cxfv than were spatiotemporally matched wnv-negative pools. in addition, mosquito pools from residential ... | 2011 | 21254845 |
| sequencing of a tick-borne encephalitis virus from ixodes ricinus reveals a thermosensitive rna switch significant for virus propagation in ectothermic arthropods. | tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) is a flavivirus with major impact on global health. the geographical tbev distribution is expanding, thus making it pivotal to further characterize the natural virus populations. in this study, we completed the earlier partial sequencing of a tbev pulled out of a pool of rna extracted from 115 ticks collected on torö in the stockholm archipelago. the total rna was sufficient for all sequencing of a tbev genome (torö-2003), without conventional enrichment proc ... | 2011 | 21254926 |
| application of satellite precipitation data to analyse and model arbovirus activity in the tropics. | murray valley encephalitis virus (mvev) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus (flaviviridae: flavivirus) which is closely related to japanese encephalitis virus, west nile virus and st. louis encephalitis virus. mvev is enzootic in northern australia and papua new guinea and epizootic in other parts of australia. activity of mvev in western australia (wa) is monitored by detection of seroconversions in flocks of sentinel chickens at selected sample sites throughout wa. rainfall is a major environmental ... | 2011 | 21255449 |
| antibody-mediated neutralization of flaviviruses: a reductionist view. | flaviviruses are a group of ~70 small rna viruses responsible for significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. efforts to develop effective vaccines for several clinically important flaviviruses are underway. antibodies are a significant component of the host's protective response against flavivirus infection with the potential to contribute to immunity via several distinct mechanisms, including an ability to directly neutralize virus infection. conversely, virus-reactive antibodies hav ... | 2011 | 21255816 |
| differential diagnosis for bilateral abnormalities of the basal ganglia and thalamus. | the basal ganglia and thalamus are paired deep gray matter structures that may be involved by a wide variety of disease entities. the basal ganglia are highly metabolically active and are symmetrically affected in toxic poisoning, metabolic abnormalities, and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. both the basal ganglia and thalamus may be affected by other systemic or metabolic disease, degenerative disease, and vascular conditions. focal flavivirus infections, toxoplasmosis, and prima ... | 2011 | 21257930 |
| new ligation-independent cloning vectors compatible with a high-throughput platform for parallel construct expression evaluation using baculovirus-infected insect cells. | biomedical research has undergone a major shift in emphasis over the past decade from characterizing the genomes of organisms to characterizing their proteomes. the high-throughput approaches that were successfully applied to sequencing of genomes, such as miniaturization and automation, have been adapted for high-throughput cloning and protein production. high-throughput platforms allow for a multi-construct, multi-parallel approach to expression optimization and construct evaluation. we descri ... | 2011 | 21262364 |
| a broadly flavivirus cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibody that recognizes a novel epitope within the fusion loop of e protein. | flaviviruses are a group of human pathogenic, enveloped rna viruses that includes dengue (denv), yellow fever (yfv), west nile (wnv), and japanese encephalitis (jev) viruses. cross-reactive antibodies against flavivirus have been described, but most of them are generally weakly neutralizing. in this study, a novel monoclonal antibody, designated mab 2a10g6, was determined to have broad cross-reactivity with denv 1-4, yfv, wnv, jev, and tbev. phage-display biopanning and structure modeling mapped ... | 2011 | 21264311 |
| the development of a novel serotyping-ns1-elisa to identify serotypes of dengue virus. | dengue virus (denv), which causes mosquito-borne disease dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf), consists of four serotypes co-circulating in endemic areas. currently, denv serotypes can be identified by laborious virus isolation followed by immunofluorescent assay and sophisticated rt-pcr. | 2011 | 21277249 |