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multiple complex families of endogenous retroviruses are highly conserved in the genus gallus.we have analyzed the genome of the domestic chicken for the presence of genetic sequences related to the envelope protein-encoding genes of avian sarcoma/leukosis retroviruses to determine the organization, structure, potential functionality, and distribution of such sequences. we have previously identified in the genus gallus an extensive group of endogenous avian retroviruses termed eav-0. southern blot and sequence analysis presented here of eav-0 elements revealed that the majority of the ea ...19921321278
equine arteritis virus: an overview.the causative agent of the respiratory disease equine viral arteritis is a small, single-stranded rna virus with a genome organization and replication strategy related to that of coronaviruses and toroviruses. clinical signs of infection in horses vary widely and severe infection can lead to pregnant mares aborting. infected horses generally make good recoveries but stallions may become semen shedders of equine arteritis virus (eav). these carrier stallions play an important role in the dissemin ...19921319787
equine viral arteritis: how serious is the threat to the british horse population? 19921319786
fatal, congenitally acquired infection with equine arteritis virus in a neonatal thoroughbred. 19921316264
venereal disease.equine venereal infections of concern in the united states include ehv-3, t. equigenitalis, p. aeruginosa, and k. pneumoniae. stallions may also harbor eav in the genital tract and transmit the virus to mares during coitus. with the exception of ehv-3, the stallion generally remains asymptomatic while transmitting infections to mares during breeding. methods for diagnosis, treatment, and control of these infections are discussed.19921315616
lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, equine arteritis virus, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus: a new group of positive-strand rna viruses. 19921315480
art-ch, a new chicken retroviruslike element.a 3' region of a previously unknown retroviruslike element named art-ch (avian retrotransposon from chicken genome) was obtained in the course of polymerase chain reaction-mediated cloning of avian leukosis virus long terminal repeats (ltrs) from dnas of infected chicken cells. about 50 copies of art-ch are present in the genome of chickens of different breeds. art-ch is not found in dna of quails, ducks, turkeys, or several other birds tested. the art-ch element is about 3 kb in size, including ...19921310773
isolation of c1q-binding immune complexes by affinity chromatography and desorption with a diaminoalkyl compound.the applicability of affinity chromatography to the isolation of c1q-binding immune complexes (ic) in sera was explored. purified human c1q was covalently coupled to agarose or adsorbed to igg-agarose resins. sera containing preformed virus-antibody complexes or rheumatoid arthritis (ra) sera were passed through the columns and c1q-bound ic, eluted off with 1,4-diaminobutan at mild basic conditions, were analysed by immunodiffusion, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, gel filtration and electron micr ...1976773099
viral respiratory disease. 1979228463
prevalence of antibodies to equine viruses in the netherlands.the prevalence of antibodies to various viruses was investigated in a series of serum samples collected from horses in the netherlands between 1963 and 1966 and from 1972 onwards. neutralizing antibodies to equine rhinopneumonitis virus, equine arteritis virus and to equine rhinovirus types 1 and 2 were detected in respectively 76%, 14%, 66% and 59% of the equine serum samples tested. the observed incidence of serum samples positive to equine adenovirus in the complement fixation test was 39%. p ...1979219560
epidemiology of equine upper respiratory tract disease on standardbred racetracks.the outbreaks of upper respiratory tract infections in horses at standardbred racetracks were investigated over a three year period. the most serious epidemics of respiratory disease occurred in the winter and spring seasons. both influenza viruses and equine herpesvirus 1 were shown to be present in the horse population. the herpesvirus was associated with respiratory disease particularly in the winter but the equine influenza viruses apparently were responsible for the major epidemics of respi ...1979218705
[purification of equine influenza virus a/equi-2/w/9/69 by the sucrose step density gradient ultracentrifugation]. 1978213662
results of an epidemiological investigation on viral arteritis in france and some other european and african countries.an original microplate seroneutralization technique was developed in order to study the existence of antibodies against equine viral arteritis. the technique involves a high amount of complement, and has allowed to demonstrate antibodies in 18.5% out of 4,037 horses examined. titers varied not or little during periods as long as 6 years. among 3,324 sera samples from french horses, a 15.2% frequency of antibodies was shown. the infection level was not very different between breeds, which is diff ...1978213008
a serologic survey on equine influenza for the past ten years. 1978212632
complement-fixation reactions in equine viral arteritis. 1977202179
[influenza a/equine 2: example for an atypical course in a group of 21 horses]. 1976188127
the structural proteins of equine arteritis virus. 1976183352
studies on a test vaccine for equine influenza virus. ii. field trials. 1975183037
studies on a test vaccine for equine influenza virus. i. production of a test vaccine. 1975183036
studies on two viral strains isolated from the outbreak of equine influenza in japan. 1975183035
studies on equine viral arteritis. ii. a serological survey of equine viral arteritis in horses imported in 1973/74. 1976181627
growth of equine arteritis virus in cells derived from infectious canine hepatitis virus-induced hamster tumor and transformed cells. 1976181624
viral respiratory infections. 1976177853
immunofluorescent studies on the multiplication of equine arteritis virus in vero and e. derm (nbl-6) cells. 1975176497
activation of influenza a viruses by trypsin treatment. 1975173078
the genome of equine arteritis virus. 1975173077
studies on equine viral arteritis. i. characterization of the virus and trial survey on antibody with vero cell cultures. 1975172689
studies on the multiplication of the equine arteritis virus using the fluorescent antibody technique. 1975172683
efficacy of 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate in therapy of equine abortion virus-induced hepatitis in hamsters.equine abortion virus (eav)-induced hepatitis in hamsters presents an interesting animal model for the evaluation of drugs possessing anti-deoxyribonucleic acid virus activity. these experiments demonstrate that 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate (ara-hxmp), a new synthetic, water-soluble, antiviral agent, effectively controls this disease in hamsters with a therapeutic index of approximately 60. ara-hxmp prevented hepatitis-associated deaths in hamsters, reduced the titer of ...1975172009
[new immunization schedule against equine influenza]. 1975166531
antigenic relationship between the surface antigens of avian and equine influenze viruses.influenza virus equine 1 (a/equine/prague/56) has a hemagglutinin which is antigenically related to the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus strain rostock (fpv) and a neuraminidase which cross-reacts with the enzyme of virus n (a/chick/germany/49). after a single injection of chickens with equine 1 virus no hemagglutination inhibiting (hi) and neutralizing antibodies against fpv can be demonstrated, although the birds are fully protected against a lethal dose of fpv. hi and neutralizing antibodie ...197553781
hemagglutination by equine infectious anemia virus.equine infectious anemia (eia) virus which was propagated on an equine dermal cell line agglutinated guinea pig erythrocytes. viral fluids containing about 10(7.5) mean tissue culture infective doses/ml showed hemagglutinating (ha) titers ranging from 16 to 32 units/0.05 ml. results of cesium chloride equilibrium density gradient centrifugation revealed that the hemagglutinin was inseparable from the virus particles. the hemagglutination reaction persisted over a wide range of temperature and ph ...19769361
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