Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| prevalence of antibodies against some equine viruses in zebra (zebra burchelli) in the kruger national park, 1991-1992. | the presence of antibodies against equine encephalosis virus (eev) and equid herpesvirus 1 and 4 in zebra in the kruger national park (knp) was demonstrated. the ability of zebra to maintain immunity against eev is illustrated by the appearance of neutralizing antibodies in most zebra foals within months of losing their maternal immunity. this occurs in every month of the year, even in winter. the high proportion of serologically positive foals in winter is ascribed to the presence of large numb ... | 1993 | 7970572 |
| [equine infectious arteritis: molecular biology, epidemiology and preventative measures]. | after a brief historical account of the outbreak of infectious arteritis of horses which occurred in 1984 in kentucky (united states of america), the author reports on the present state of knowledge concerning the organisation of the genome of the virus. clinical signs of the disease are described, as well as modes and routes of transmission. finally, currently-available vaccination procedures are discussed and their value is assessed. | 1994 | 7949357 |
| use of the serum neutralisation test for equine viral arteritis with different virus strains. | serum cross neutralisation tests were conducted with a recent american isolate (84ky-a1) and a european isolate, (wroclaw-2) and compared with the prototype and modified viruses of the bucyrus strain of equine arteritis virus by using virus specific immune horse sera. the modified bucyrus strain was neutralised and showed high neutralisation titres with all the immune sera. the prototype bucyrus strain was also substantially neutralised, followed by the 84ky-a1 strain. as a result of the tests w ... | 1994 | 7941250 |
| analysis of simian hemorrhagic fever virus (shfv) subgenomic rnas, junction sequences, and 5' leader. | full-length simian hemorrhagic fever virus (shfv) genome rna (about 15 kb in length) and six subgenomic rnas, ranging in size from 0.65 to 4.7 kb, were detected by northern blot hybridization in ma104 cytoplasmic extracts with a 3' genomic antisense probe. the 5' regions of the two smallest subgenomic rnas (rnas 6 and 7) were cloned and sequenced. sequence analysis indicated that these two rnas contained a common 5' leader sequence joined to the subgenomic rna bodies via a highly conserved junct ... | 1995 | 7886957 |
| molecular characterization of the 3' terminus of the simian hemorrhagic fever virus genome. | the 3' end of the simian hemorrhagic fever virus (shfv) single-stranded rna genome was cloned and sequenced. adjacent to the 3' poly(a) tract, we identified a 76-nucleotide noncoding region preceded by two overlapping reading frames (orfs). the ultimate 3' orf of the viral genome encodes the capsid protein, and the penultimate orf encodes the smallest shfv envelope protein. these two orfs overlap each other by 26 nucleotides. northern (rna) blot hybridization analyses of cytoplasmic rna extracts ... | 1995 | 7884922 |
| resistance of castrated male horses to attempted establishment of the carrier state with equine arteritis virus. | twelve geldings all became infected when inoculated intranasally with the ky-84 strain of equine arteritis virus (eav), a strain previously shown to be capable of establishing the carrier state in the stallion. with the exception of one animal that showed no effects other than pyrexia, all of the geldings developed clinical signs characteristic of equine viral arteritis (eva). the geldings were febrile for varying periods within the range of 2-10 days after inoculation. viraemia occurred from da ... | 1994 | 7884055 |
| characterization of proteins encoded by orfs 2 to 7 of lelystad virus. | the genome of lelystad virus (lv), a positive-strand rna virus, is 15 kb in length and contains 8 open reading frames (orfs) that encode putative viral proteins. orfs 2 to 7 were cloned in plasmids downstream of the sp6 rna polymerase promoter, and the translation of transcripts generated in vitro yielded proteins that could be immunoprecipitated with porcine anti-lv serum. synthetic polypeptides of 15 to 17 amino acids were selected from the amino acid sequences of orfs 2 to 7 and antipeptide s ... | 1995 | 7831770 |
| hprs-103 (exogenous avian leukosis virus, subgroup j) has an env gene related to those of endogenous elements eav-0 and e51 and an e element found previously only in sarcoma viruses. | the avian leukosis and sarcoma virus (alsv) group comprises eight subgroups based on envelope properties. hprs-103, an exogenous retrovirus recently isolated from meat-type chicken lines, is similar to the viruses of these subgroups in group antigen but differs from them in envelope properties and has been assigned to a new subgroup, j. hprs-103 has a wide host range in birds, and unlike other nontransforming alsvs which cause late-onset b-cell lymphomas, hprs-103 causes late-onset myelocytomas. ... | 1995 | 7815543 |
| phylogenetic analyses of the putative m (orf 6) and n (orf 7) genes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv): implication for the existence of two genotypes of prrsv in the u.s.a. and europe. | the putative membrane (m) protein (orf 6) and nucleocapsid (n) protein (orf 7) genes of five u.s. isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) with differing virulence were cloned and sequenced. to determine the genetic variation and the phylogenetic relationship of prrsv, the deduced amino acid sequences of the putative m and n proteins from these isolates were aligned, to the extent known, with other prrsv isolates, and also other members of the proposed arterivirus ... | 1995 | 7794115 |
| equine viral arteritis in donkeys in south africa. | 1994 | 7776331 | |
| processing and evolution of the n-terminal region of the arterivirus replicase orf1a protein: identification of two papainlike cysteine proteases. | two adjacent papainlike cysteine protease (pcp) domains, pcp alpha and pcp beta, were identified in the n-terminal region of the open reading frame 1a replicase proteins of the arteriviruses porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus. the replicase of the related virus equine arteritis virus contains only one active pcp in the corresponding region. sequence comparison revealed that the equine arteritis virus pcp alpha counterpart probably was in ... | 1995 | 7769711 |
| clinical, virological and serological responses of donkeys to intranasal inoculation with the ky-84 strain of equine arteritis virus. | the clinical, virological and serological responses of seven female donkeys (equus asinus) to inoculation with the ky-84 strain of equine arteritis virus (eav), a strain that causes moderate to severe clinical signs in horses, was investigated. in the donkeys, the only clinical signs observed were fever (mainly 3-9 days after inoculation), mild depression in four animals, and a slight nasal or ocular discharge in three. all of the donkeys became infected with eav as shown by recovery of the viru ... | 1995 | 7769149 |
| the small envelope glycoprotein (gs) of equine arteritis virus folds into three distinct monomers and a disulfide-linked dimer. | the small membrane glycoprotein (gs) of equine arteritis virus (eav) is a minor virion component but is abundantly expressed in eav-infected cells. in this study, we have analyzed its membrane topology, folding, oligomerization, and intracellular transport. we show that gs is a class i integral membrane protein with one functional n-glycosylation site. gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions revealed that gs occurs in eav-infected cells in four monomeric conformations and as disulfide-l ... | 1995 | 7745690 |
| detection of equine arteritis virus (eav) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and differentiation of eav strains by restriction enzyme analysis of pcr products. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based assay capable of detecting and differentiating seven strains of equine arteritis virus (eav) from around the world was developed. the primers for the pcr were chosen from the orf6 gene encoding the unglycosylated membrane protein (m). viral rna from cell culture fluids infected with each of the seven eav strains and rna from the live vaccine, arvac, was detected by pcr using four sets of primers. the sensitivity of detection was increased from 100 to 1,000 ... | 1995 | 7661700 |
| comparison of the structural protein coding sequences of the vr-2332 and lelystad virus strains of the prrs virus. | the 3'-portion of the genome of a u.s. isolate of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus, atccvr-2332, was cloned and sequenced. the resultant 3358 nucleotides contain 6 open reading frames (orfs) with homologies to orfs 2 through 7 of the european strain of the prrs virus and other members of the free-standing genus of arteriviruses. both vr-2332 and the european isolate (called the lelystad virus) have been identified as infectious agents responsible for the swine disea ... | 1995 | 7661696 |
| [rhinopneumonia and equine viral arteritis: seroepidemiological study in the northeast of tunisia]. | a seroepidemiological survey was realized in the nord-est tunisia to study the prevalence of complement fixing and neutralizing antibodies to equine rhinopneumonitis and viral arteritis of horse, respectively. four hundred sera were tested, using complement fixation reaction and seroneutralization test. the results show that 8.75% of sera have antibodies to viral arteritis and only 1.25% are positive for equine rhinopneumonitis. | 1994 | 7661652 |
| ultrastructure and immuno-cytochemistry of bhk-21 cells infected with a modified bucyrus strain of equine arteritis virus. | morphogenesis of a modified bucyrus strain of equine arteritis virus (eav) in bhk-21 cells was studied. bacillary tubules were first detected in the cytoplasm 8 h after infection, and mature virions 79 to 122 nm in diameter, 101 nm on average, were mostly observed in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer) at 12 h or later. they had isometrical cores and morphological subunits in the outer layer. budding occurred from the rer and the outer nuclear membrane, but not from the cell s ... | 1995 | 7646351 |
| serological study of equine viral arteritis in standard-breds in the uk. | 1995 | 7645189 | |
| equine arteritis virus-neutralizing antibody in the horse is induced by a determinant on the large envelope glycoprotein gl. | complementary dnas encoding orfs 2 to 7 equine arteritis virus (eav) have been cloned into the expression vector pgex to produce glutathione-s-transferase fusion proteins. recombinant proteins were affinity purified and screened in elisa with equine sera to identify immunoreactive polypeptides. the large envelope glycoprotein (gl) was identified as the most reactive to eav-positive equine sera and an immuno-dominant epitope was mapped between amino acids 55 and 98 by subcloning and expression. a ... | 1995 | 7636479 |
| the arterivirus nsp2 protease. an unusual cysteine protease with primary structure similarities to both papain-like and chymotrypsin-like proteases. | the replicase orf1a polyprotein of equine arteritis virus, a positive-stranded rna virus, is proteolytically processed into (at least) six nonstructural proteins (nsp). a papain-like cys protease in nsp1 and a chymotrypsin-like ser protease in nsp4 are involved in this process. in this paper we demonstrate that the nsp2/3 junction is not cleaved by either of these previously described proteases. comparative sequence analysis suggested that an additional cys protease resided in the n-terminal nsp ... | 1995 | 7622476 |
| the two major envelope proteins of equine arteritis virus associate into disulfide-linked heterodimers. | in a coimmunoprecipitation assay with monospecific antisera, the two major envelope proteins gl and m of equine arteritis virus were found to occur in heteromeric complexes in virions and infected cells. while the gl protein associated with m rapidly and efficiently, newly synthesized m protein was incorporated into complexes at a slower rate, which implies that it interacts with gl molecules synthesized earlier. analysis under nonreducing conditions revealed that the gl/m complexes consist of d ... | 1995 | 7609031 |
| first recorded outbreak of equine viral arteritis in the united kingdom. | equine viral arteritis was diagnosed for the first time in the united kingdom in 1993. the outbreak began on a non-thoroughbred stud in south nottinghamshire and spread to five other premises through chilled semen used for artificial insemination and from acutely and subclinically infected mares returning home. the outbreak was contained on these six premises by means of voluntary movement restrictions. the most commonly observed clinical signs were typical: pyrexia with depression, and conjunct ... | 1995 | 7604517 |
| comparison of equine arteritis virus isolates using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and identification of sequence changes in gl associated with neutralization resistance. | three murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that neutralize equine arteritis virus (eav) infectivity were identified and characterized. the antibodies, 93b, 74d(b) and 38f, recognized the major envelope glycoprotein (gl) encoded by open reading frame (orf) 5 in immunoblots and by immunoprecipitation. all three mabs were used to compare the bucyrus isolate of eav and mab neutralization-resistant (nr) escape mutants with the vaccine virus and 19 independent field isolates of eav by virus neutralizat ... | 1995 | 7561759 |
| development and evaluation of an elisa using recombinant fusion protein to detect the presence of host antibody to equine arteritis virus. | a recombinant glutathione-s-transferase fusion protein expressing amino acids 55-98 of equine arteritis virus (eav) gl (rgl 55-98) was tested in an elisa for its ability to detect serum antibodies to eav. host antibodies induced following eav infection bound the recombinant antigen by elisa. the elisa specificity and sensitivity were determined with a panel of equine sera including postinfection and postvaccination samples. a good correlation existed between eav neutralizing antibody titers and ... | 1995 | 7559853 |
| identification of a neutralization site in the major envelope glycoprotein (gl) of equine arteritis virus. | a panel of six neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs), neutralization-resistant variant (escape mutant [em]) viruses, and individual viral proteins derived from a vaccinia virus expression system were used to identify the neutralizing determinants of equine arteritis virus (eav). the neutralizing mabs recognize a single neutralization site on the 29-kda envelope glycoprotein of eav (u. b. r. balasuriya et al., 1993, j. gen. virol., 74, 2525-2529). vaccinia virus recombinants which express eit ... | 1995 | 7533965 |
| determination of the 5' end of the lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus genome by two independent approaches. | we have determined the 5' end of the lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (ldv) genome (strain ldv-p) using two independent approaches. in one approach, methylmercuric hydroxide-denatured genomic rna was reverse-transcribed using as primer an oligonucleotide complementary to the 5' end of open reading frame (orf) 1a. the first-strand cdna was ligated with t4 rna ligase to an oligonucleotide of which the 3' end was blocked. the ligated product was amplified by pcr, cloned and sequenced. in the s ... | 1994 | 7512122 |
| a 29k envelope glycoprotein of equine arteritis virus expresses neutralization determinants recognized by murine monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of six neutralizing murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to equine arteritis virus (eav) was produced. the mabs were characterized by western immunoblotting assay and competitive elisa. the six mabs identify a single neutralization site on a 29k envelope glycoprotein. deglycosylation of viral proteins prior to immunoblotting showed that the 29k protein is the glycosylated form of a 20k protein. equine anti-eav serum also strongly bound the 29k glycoprotein, as well as an unglycosylated pr ... | 1993 | 7504076 |
| equine arteritis virus subgenomic rna transcription: uv inactivation and translation inhibition studies. | the expression of the genetic information of equine arteritis virus (eav), an arterivirus, involves the synthesis of six subgenomic (sg) mrnas. these are 5' and 3' coterminal since they are composed of a leader and a body sequence, which are identical to the 5' and 3' ends of the genome, respectively. previously, it has been suggested that cis-splicing of a genome-length precursor rna is involved in their synthesis. this was reevaluated in a comparative analysis of the sg rna synthesis of eav, t ... | 1995 | 7491761 |
| pathology of maternal genital tract, placenta, and fetus in equine viral arteritis. | six pregnant mares were given equine viral arteritis virus intravenously. tissues from genital tracts, placentae, and fetuses were examined by light and electron microscopy to study the mechanism of abortion. four mares which died with acute disease had diffuse vacuolation of endometrial epithelium and systemic necrotizing vasculitis. two of these mares had dead fetuses and two had live fetuses; virus was isolated from tissues of one live fetus. placentae of mares dying from acute disease did no ... | 1984 | 6328724 |
| effect of mycoplasma orale on growth of equine arteritis virus in vero cells. | 1982 | 6304392 | |
| equine arteritis virus-infected cells contain six polyadenylated virus-specific rnas. | 1982 | 6283728 | |
| stability of viability and immunizing potency of lyophilized, modified equine arteritis live-virus vaccine. | the bucyrus strain of equine arteritis virus, previously modified to avirulence and vaccinal virus by 131 serial passages in primary cell cultures of horse kidney followed by 111 passages in primary cell cultures of rabbit kidney, was further passaged in cultures of the e. derm (nbl-6) cell line, a continuous diploid cell line. pools of the 16th and 25th passages of the virus in this last equine dermal cell line were lyophilized and stored in lots at 37 c, 23 to 28 c, 4c, and -20 c. the viabilit ... | 1981 | 6275755 |
| natural equine viral arteritis in foals. | 1981 | 6274007 | |
| pathologic features of horses given avirulent equine arteritis virus intramuscularly. | twenty horses that were seronegative for equine arteritis virus antibodies were inoculated im with live equine arteritis virus vaccine. the inoculation did not cause clinical signs of disease. a mild, transient febrile reaction developed in 6 horses, 3 of which were in poor condition before inoculation. six horses, 2 of which were in poor condition before inoculation, experienced mild lymphopenia. necropsy revealed mild lesions in the lymph nodes of 6 horses (3 of which were in poor condition be ... | 1981 | 6267970 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of equine arteritis virus. | seventeen temperature-sensitive mutants of equine arteritis virus, a nonarthropod-borne togavirus, have been isolated. 5-fluorouracil, o-methylhydroxylamine and ethyl methanesulphonate were used as mutagens. the mutants were characterized by their ability to synthesize virus rna and virus proteins at the permissive (35 degrees c) and restrictive temperature (40 degrees c) using autoradiography of cells labelled with 3h-uridine in the presence of actinomycin d and immunofluorescence respectively. ... | 1980 | 6252293 |
| antigenic comparison of equine arteritis virus (eav) and lactic dehydrogenase virus (ldv); binding of staphylococcal protein a to the nucleocapsid protein of eav. | 1983 | 6191473 | |
| [current virus diseases in horses. diseases in foals and respiratory tract infections]. | at the moment, horse praxis is confronted by two disease complexes which are difficult to fight against as well in prophylaxis as in therapy, but which get an increasing importance. first they concern virus infections of the foals and second primary virus-caused respiratory diseases. foals get infected during the embryonal/fetal development, in the perinatal or postnatal period. normally the infection is caused by latent infected, clinical healthy mares, or in the postnatal period by ubiquitous, ... | 1984 | 6098971 |
| [equine viral arteritis: detection of antibodies of horses in argentina]. | 1984 | 6091374 | |
| biological and morphological aspects of the growth of equine abortion virus. | darlington, r. w. (st. jude children's research hospital, memphis, tenn.), and c. james. biological and morphological aspects of the growth of equine abortion virus. j. bacteriol. 92:250-257. 1966.-the growth of equine abortion virus (eav) was studied by bioassay and electron microscopy in l-cell monolayer and suspension cultures, and in hela and bhk 21/13 cell monolayers. results of virus assay (plaque-forming units) indicated that production of cell-associated virus (cav) began at 6 to 9 hr af ... | 1966 | 5941279 |
| mycoplasmal deoxyribonuclease activity in virus-infected l-cell cultures. | cell-free extracts of mycoplasma hominis and medium from 72-hr broth cultures had deoxyribonuclease activity like that of deoxyribonuclease i. mg(++) stimulated activity, and the ph optimum was between 8.0 and 9.0. double-stranded or heatdenatured deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) served as a substrate, and oligonucleotides were produced. cell-free extracts of l cells infected with m. hominis or m. hominis plus equine abortion virus (equine herpes virus, eav) had greatly increased activity over that o ... | 1969 | 5782042 |
| temporal distribution of equine arteritis virus in respiratory mucosa, tissues and body fluids of horses infected by inhalation. | 1971 | 4999643 | |
| [complement dependent neutralization of equine arteritis virus. brief report]. | 1971 | 4996685 | |
| neutralization of equine arteritis virus: enhancing effect of guinea pig serum. | 1970 | 4993579 | |
| buoyant density studies on equine arteritis virus. | 1970 | 4989678 | |
| a plaque assay of equine arteritis virus in bhk-21 cells. | 1969 | 4988871 | |
| [properties of the equine arteritis virus]. | 1965 | 4956350 | |
| equine abortion (herpes) virus: evaluation of markers in a field vaccination trial. | twelve mares were vaccinated with attenuated equine abortion virus (eav) strain rac-h. two nonvaccinated mares served as controls. in at least three mares the vaccination appeared to coincide with a natural infection. this was indicated by characterization of the eav isolated from nasal secretions of six vaccinated mares, a nonvaccinated control, and also from the lung, spleen, and liver of a fetus aborted by a vaccinated mare. the relative sensitivity of the isolated eav to dithiothreitol was u ... | 1973 | 4796167 |
| structural proteins of equine arteritis virus. | 1973 | 4633581 | |
| the complement-requiring neutralization of equine arteritis virus by late antisera. | 1973 | 4630828 | |
| the mechanisms of neutralization of sensitized equine arteritis virus by complement components. | 1974 | 4474357 | |
| failure to propagate equine arteritis virus in an aedine and an anopheline mosquito species. | 1972 | 4402402 | |
| [route of inoculation and aluminium hydroxide influences in the immunological response of horses vaccinated against equine influenza (author's transl)]. | 1973 | 4377407 | |
| equine abortion (herpes) virus: strain differences in susceptibility to inactivation by dithiothreitol. | the infectivity of equine abortion (herpes) virus (eav) was inactivated by treatment with reduced dithiothreitol (dtt). according to their susceptibility to dtt, the eav strains could be divided into three groups. the vaccine strain rac-h (419) proved to be more resistant to dtt than all of the other 14 strains tested. the hemagglutinin of eav was also inactivated by dtt; no strain differences were observed in this respect. | 1972 | 4339509 |
| kinetics of viral deoxyribonucleic acid, protein, and infectious particle production and alterations in host macromolecular syntheses in equine abortion (herpes) virus-infected cells. | infection of exponential-phase suspension cultures of mouse fibroblast cells (l-m) with equine abortion virus (eav) resulted in inhibition of cell growth and marked alterations in host metabolic processes. the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) and ribonucleic acid was inhibited within 4 hr after infection and was suppressed by more than 90% by the time of maximal virus replication (14 to 18 hr). the overall rate of protein synthesis, however, was similar in uninfected and virus-producing ... | 1968 | 4302745 |
| further properties of equine arteritis virus. | 1966 | 4293706 | |
| evidence for a relationship between equine abortion (herpes) virus deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and the s phase of the kb cell mitotic cycle. | autoradiographic analyses of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) synthesis in randomly growing kb cell cultures infected with equine abortion virus (eav) suggested that viral dna synthesis was initiated only at times that coincided with the entry of noninfected control cells into the s phase of the cell cycle. synchronized cultures of kb cells were infected at different stages of the cell cycle, and rates of synthesis of cellular and viral dna were measured. when cells were infected at different times w ... | 1971 | 4254680 |
| the fate of sensitized equine arteritis virus following neutralization by complement of anti-igg serum. | 1973 | 4197222 | |
| the role of sensitizing antibody in the neutralization of equine arteritis virus by complement or anti-igg serum. | 1973 | 4197221 | |
| morphological studies on equine arteritis virus. | 1970 | 4195609 | |
| [equine arteritis virus: multiplication in bhk 21-cells buoyant density and electron microscopical demonstration]. | 1970 | 4194811 | |
| equine arteritis virus: ferritin-tagging and determination of ribonucleic acid core. | 1971 | 4109496 | |
| [respiratory infectious diseases in horses]. | among all infectious diseases affecting horses, respiratory disease pose the greatest threat to horses kept in stables, horses used for breeding and race horses. here a distinction should be made between the so-called monocausal infectious diseases (so-called henle-koch postulates) and multicausal infectious diseases which are the result of the synergistic interaction of different processes, that alone do not lead to disease. there is no clearcut distinction between the two groups. the most impo ... | 1987 | 3296310 |
| status of equine viral arteritis in kentucky, 1985. | clinical cases of equine arteritis virus infection have not been diagnosed in kentucky since 1984, and there has been no indication that any of the horses involved in the 1984 epizootic have since been responsible for spread of the disease to horses in other states or other countries. cases of abortion caused by naturally acquired infection with this virus have not been confirmed in 1984 or 1985. neither field nor vaccine strains of equine arteritis virus have been shown to induce teratologic ab ... | 1987 | 3038806 |
| status of equine viral arteritis in kentucky for 1986. | 1987 | 3035776 | |
| translation of equine arteritis virus rna in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. | 1987 | 3035263 | |
| demonstration of the carrier state in naturally acquired equine arteritis virus infection in the stallion. | the chronic carrier state was virologically confirmed in 15 thoroughbred stallions naturally infected with equine arteritis virus based on the results of test matings and, or, isolations of the virus from semen. carrier stallions were shown to shed equine arteritis virus in the semen for at least one to two years. existence of a short-term or convalescent carrier state was also demonstrated in five additional stallions. the frequency of the long-term carrier state in stallions naturally infected ... | 1986 | 3022363 |
| transmissibility and abortogenic effect of equine viral arteritis in mares. | a group of 14 pregnant mares was exposed via contact to 4 mares bred to stallions infected with equine viral arteritis virus. there was a demonstrable febrile response in each donor mare and in 12 of the pregnant mares. all 18 mares became seropositive after exposure. equine viral arteritis virus was isolated from the nasopharynx of 5 pregnant mares, but not from the donor mares. ten of the pregnant mares aborted, and virus was isolated from fetal specimens or placenta of 8. | 1986 | 3021696 |
| responses of horses vaccinated with avirulent modified-live equine arteritis virus propagated in the e. derm (nbl-6) cell line to nasal inoculation with virulent virus. | nineteen horses with no prior experience with equine arteritis virus (eav) were inoculated im with an avirulent live-virus vaccine against equine viral arteritis; the vaccinal virus had been passaged serially 131 times in primary cell cultures of equine kidney, 111 times in primary cell cultures of rabbit kidney, and 16 times in an equine dermis cell line (eav hk-131/rk-111/ed-16). three or 4 of the vaccinated horses each, along with appropriate nonvaccinated controls, were inoculated nasally wi ... | 1986 | 3021027 |
| equine viral arteritis: a disease of emerging significance? | 1986 | 3015585 | |
| intracellular equine arteritis virus (eav)-specific rnas contain common sequences. | equine arteritis virus (eav) is a nonarthropod-borne togavirus. six virus-specific rna species have been found in eav-infected cells having the following molecular weights: 4.3 x 10(6) (rna1), 1.3 x 10(6) (rna2), 0.9 x 10(6) (rna3), 0.7 x 10(6) (rna4), 0.3 x 10(6) (rna5), and 0.2 x 10(6) (rna6). rna1 comigrates with the viral genome (m. f. van berlo, m. c. horzinek, and b. a. m. van der zeijst, 1982, virology 118, 345-352). all rnas hybridized with a radio-labeled cdna probe representing rna6, i ... | 1986 | 3014727 |
| [serologic studies on the occurrence of the arteritis virus in the horse in west germany]. | 1985 | 3002746 | |
| preparing for equine arteritis. | 1985 | 2983980 | |
| equine viral arteritis may have been introduced. | 1988 | 2851969 | |
| serological studies concerning equine arteritis virus infection in the german democratic republic. | 1988 | 2840046 | |
| structural polypeptides of equine arteritis virus. | 1987 | 2824911 | |
| the carrier state in equine arteritis virus infection in the stallion with specific emphasis on the venereal mode of virus transmission. | the carrier state has been confirmed virologically in thoroughbred and non-thoroughbred stallions naturally infected with equine arteritis virus (eav). short-term or convalescent and long-term carriers occur. the frequency rate of the long-term carrier state in thoroughbreds was high, averaging 33.9% among the three groups of stallions under study. while the convalescent carrier state only lasted a few weeks after clinical recovery, the long-term carrier state could persist for years. there was ... | 1987 | 2824772 |
| [serologic follow-up studies of viral arteritis in horses at a stud farm]. | 1987 | 2823506 | |
| the effects of vaccination with tissue culture-derived viral vaccines on detection of antibodies to equine arteritis virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of serum antibodies to equine arteritis virus (eav). results from this assay produced a good correlation with results from virus neutralisation tests in horses which had not been regularly vaccinated with commercially available mammalian tissue culture-derived viral vaccines. vaccination of some horses with tissue culture-derived vaccines induced the formation of antibodies to bovine serum. these antibodies reacted with ... | 1989 | 2773278 |
| aetiology of kawasaki disease. | thirteen serum samples from nine children with kawasaki disease and 23 control samples gave negative results on screening for antibodies to hog cholera virus, border disease of sheep, bovine diarrhoea virus, and equine arteritis virus. the sera from two children with kawasaki disease were cytotoxic; a possible link with cytotoxin from propionibacterium acnes is considered. | 1989 | 2539788 |
| identification and antigenic comparison of equine arteritis virus isolated from an outbreak of epidemic abortion of mares. | 1986 | 2431561 | |
| equine arteritis virus-induced polypeptide synthesis. | intracellular virus-specific proteins induced by equine arteritis virus (eav) have been compared with in vitro translation products of virion and intracellular eav rnas. in infected bhk-21 cells, the two major virion proteins (c and e1) and polypeptides with mol. wt. of 60,000 (p60), 42,000 (p42) and 30,000 (p30) were found. there were no indications that the viral proteins were processed from a larger precursor as shown by pulse-chase, amino acid analogue and protease inhibitor experiments. the ... | 1986 | 2426393 |
| phylogenetic distribution of the novel avian endogenous provirus family eav-0. | a new family of related endogenous proviruses, existing at 50 to 100 copies per haploid genome and distinguishable by remarkably short long terminal repeats, has been described for domestic chickens (gallus gallus subsp domesticus). in this communication, by using southern blot analysis and probes derived from both internal viral sequences and locus-specific, cellular flanking sequences, we studied the genetic distribution of this family of moderately repetitive avian endogenous retroviruses wit ... | 1990 | 2398526 |
| [equine viral arteritis]. | equine viral arteritis (eva) caused by the equine arteritis virus, member of the genus arterivirus within the family of togaviridae was recently isolated from the seminal plasma of two stallions indicating that the virus infection is also prevalent in the federal republic of germany despite the apparent lack of acute clinical symptoms in the horse population. these findings are further supported by data from serological screenings. out of 739 horse sera, 28 (3.8%) were found to have eva virus-sp ... | 1990 | 2165641 |
| induction of immune response and protection from equine viral arteritis (eva) by formalin inactivated-virus vaccine for eva in horses. | thirty-nine horses included 3 pregnant mares were examined by inoculating with formalin inactivated-virus vaccine for eva. antibody response of horses after one dose vaccination was somewhat poor and 50% effective inoculum dose of the vaccine should be included 10(8.4) pfu of virus before inactivation. after 2 doses given at an interval of 4 weeks, the horses developed such high titer of sn antibody as up to 1:5,120. the sn titer declined rather rapidly, but supplemental administration of the va ... | 1990 | 2163579 |
| all subgenomic mrnas of equine arteritis virus contain a common leader sequence. | during the replication of equine arteritis virus (eav) six subgenomic mrnas are synthesized. we present evidence that the viral mrnas form a 3'-coterminal nested set and contain a common leader sequence of 208 nucleotides which is encoded by the 5'-end of the genome. the leader is joined to the bodies of mrna 5 and 6 at positions defined by the sequence 5' ucaac 3'. the part of the leader sequence flanking the ucaac motif is very similar to the 5'-splice site of the tetrahymena pre-rrna. a possi ... | 1990 | 2162519 |
| the occurrence of equine arteritis virus in australia. | this paper reports the first isolation of equine arteritis virus (eav) in australia and serological evidence of exposure to eav in australian horses. twelve standardbred stallions imported from north america were found to shed eav in semen. one hundred and seven stallions were tested for serum antibodies to eav and 73% of standardbred stallions tested were seropositive as compared to 8% of thoroughbred stallions. serum antibody was detected in 71% of standardbred mares, 6% of standardbred raceho ... | 1990 | 1963772 |
| equine viral arteritis. | 1990 | 1963771 | |
| a nested set of eight rnas is formed in macrophages infected with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus. | total rna was extracted from primary cultures of mouse macrophages isolated from 10-day-old mice 6 to 12 h postinfection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (ldv). poly(a)+ rna was extracted from spleens of 18-h ldv-infected mice. the rnas were analyzed by northern (rna) blot hybridization with a number of ldv-specific cdnas as probes. a cdna representing the nucleocapsid protein (vp-1) gene located at the 3' terminus of the viral genome (e. k. godeny, d. w. speicher, and m. a. brinton, v ... | 1991 | 1870216 |
| equine arteritis virus is not a togavirus but belongs to the coronaviruslike superfamily. | the nucleotide sequence of the genome of equine arteritis virus (eav) was determined from a set of overlapping cdna clones and was found to contain eight open reading frames (orfs). orfs 2 through 7 are expressed from six 3'-coterminal subgenomic mrnas, which are transcribed from the 3'-terminal quarter of the viral genome. a number of these orfs are predicted to encode structural eav proteins. the organization and expression of the 3' part of the eav genome are remarkably similar to those of co ... | 1991 | 1851863 |
| [serological studies of the recent infections of austrian horses with the equine arteritis virus]. | 944 serum samples of horses, collected in 1988 and 1989, were examined for the occurrence of antibodies against equine arteritis virus by a microneutralizations test. in 10.9% of all sera reactors could be found. the distribution of seropositive horses varied from 4.6% (salzburg) to 15.7% (lower austria). from tyrol and vorarlberg no samples could be obtained. it was not possible, to correlate clinical symptoms (infertility, respiratory symptoms, fever and edema) with the infection. it is assume ... | 1991 | 1851082 |
| reverse transcription and cdna amplification by the polymerase chain reaction of equine arteritis virus (eav). | a technique is described for the amplification and specific identification of equine arteritis virus (eav) nucleotide sequences. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was evaluated initially by amplification of cloned virus specific cdna sequences prior to amplification of single-stranded (ss) cdna produced by reverse transcription (rt) of viral genomic rna. three separate primer pairs were used for rt/pcr of eav genomic rna, each pair producing only one band in agarose gels of the predicted size ... | 1990 | 1702094 |
| arteritis in equine fetuses aborted due to equine viral arteritis. | 1991 | 1650052 | |
| viral respiratory disease of the horse. | the diagnosis of any viral respiratory disease relies on laboratory procedures to isolate the virus and demonstrate a significant rise in serum antibody titers. to isolate viruses from the upper respiratory tract, it is imperative that nasopharyngeal swabs are obtained from animals in the early acute stage of illness, i.e., during the pyrexic phase when the virus is replicating. nasopharyngeal swabs must be placed in a virus transport medium and forwarded immediately to the laboratory at refrige ... | 1991 | 1647261 |
| detection of cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus using nucleic acid hybridization. | a ribonucleic acid (rna) hybridization assay to identify cattle infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is described. the rna probe was derived from the coding region at the 3' end of the genome of the nadl strain of bvdv. total rna from infected cell cultures or peripheral blood leukocytes from suspect animals was extracted and applied to nylon membranes with a slot blot apparatus. peripheral blood leukocytes were tested concurrently for bvdv by virus isolation. the results of hybridizat ... | 1991 | 1645592 |
| lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (ldv): subgenomic mrnas, mrna leader and comparison of 3'-terminal sequences of two ldv isolates. | the 3'-terminal 1314 nucleotides of the genome of one isolate of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, ldv-p, has been derived by sequence analyses of cdnas from several genomic libraries and compared to that of another ldv isolate, ldv-c (godeny et al. (1990) virol. 177, 768-771). the 3'-non-coding segment of 80 nucleotides of the two ldv genomes is identical, whereas marked, but varying nucleotide and amino acid divergence is apparent in the three upstream overlapping open reading frames (orf ... | 1992 | 1604932 |
| [virologico-serologic studies in horses with respiratory tract diseases]. | of 1081 acute and chronically respiratory diseased as well as clinically normal horses 824 sera and 257 paired serum samples collected 1986 and 1987 were tested for antibodies against several different respiratory viruses such as influenza virus a/equi 1 and 2 (influenza 1 a. 2), equine herpesvirus type 1/4 (ehv 1/4), mammalian reovirus type 1-3 (reovirus 1-3), equine rhinovirus type 1 (erv 1), equine adenovirus type 1 (eadv 1), and equine arteritis virus (eav). the investigations resulted in an ... | 1992 | 1558530 |
| genomic variability among globally distributed isolates of equine arteritis virus. | equine arteritis virus (eav), a non-arthropod borne togavirus, has been shown to have a global distribution. to date, no major antigenic variation has been demonstrated between eav isolates from different geographic origins. in this study, the genomic rna of eav isolates obtained from horses of different breeds in various countries around the world was oligonucleotide fingerprinted. comparisons of these fingerprints were used to determine the extent of genomic variation among such isolates. comp ... | 1992 | 1332249 |
| the 5' end of the equine arteritis virus replicase gene encodes a papainlike cysteine protease. | the presence of a papainlike cysteine protease (pcp) domain in the n-terminal region of the equine arteritis virus (eav) replicase, which had been postulated on the basis of limited sequence similarities with cellular and viral thiol proteases, was confirmed by in vitro translation and mutagenesis studies. the eav protease was found to direct an autoproteolytic cleavage at its c terminus which leads to the production of an approximately 30-kda n-terminal replicase product (nsp1) containing the p ... | 1992 | 1331507 |
| structural proteins of equine arteritis virus. | we have recently shown that the genome of equine arteritis virus (eav) contains seven open reading frames (orfs). we now present data on the structural proteins of eav and the assignment of their respective genes. virions are composed of a 14-kda nucleocapsid protein (n) and three membrane proteins designated m, gs, and gl. m is an unglycosylated protein of 16 kda, and gs and gl are n-glycosylated proteins of 25 and 30 to 42 kda, respectively. the broad size distribution of gl results from heter ... | 1992 | 1328669 |
| [three cases of virus isolation from horse fetuses diagnosed with equine arteritis virus (eav) abortion from stud farms with different breeds]. | three cases of abortions were diagnosed as caused by equine arteritis virus (eav) by isolation and typing of this virus from the respective fetuses. all 3 abortions were single cases, one occurring on a stud with iceland ponies, one with warmbloods, one with lipizzaner horses. on each stud horses of the respective breed were kept exclusively, therefore there existed no epidemiologic link. by means of seroneutralization tests performed on in contact horses it could be shown, that eav had only bee ... | 1992 | 1323268 |