Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| sindbis and middelburg old world alphaviruses associated with neurologic disease in horses, south africa. | old world alphaviruses were identified in 52 of 623 horses with febrile or neurologic disease in south africa. five of 8 sindbis virus infections were mild; 2 of 3 fatal cases involved co-infections. of 44 middelburg virus infections, 28 caused neurologic disease; 12 were fatal. middelburg virus likely has zoonotic potential. | 0 | 26583836 |
| powassan meningoencephalitis, new york, new york, usa. | disease caused by powassan virus (powv), a tick-borne flavivirus, ranges from asymptomatic to severe neurologic compromise and death. two cases of powv meningoencephalitis in new york, usa, highlight diagnostic techniques, neurologic outcomes, and the effect of powv on communities to which it is endemic. | 0 | 23969017 |
| biological transmission of arboviruses: reexamination of and new insights into components, mechanisms, and unique traits as well as their evolutionary trends. | among animal viruses, arboviruses are unique in that they depend on arthropod vectors for transmission. field research and laboratory investigations related to the three components of this unique mode of transmission, virus, vector, and vertebrate host, have produced an enormous amount of valuable information that may be found in numerous publications. however, despite many reviews on specific viruses, diseases, or interests, a systematic approach to organizing the available information on all f ... | 0 | 16223950 |
| discovery of dengue virus ns4b inhibitors. | the four serotypes of dengue virus (denv-1 to -4) represent the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral pathogens in humans. no clinically approved vaccine or antiviral is currently available for denv. here we report a spiropyrazolopyridone compound that potently inhibits denv both in vitro and in vivo. the inhibitor was identified through screening of a 1.8-million-compound library by using a denv-2 replicon assay. the compound selectively inhibits denv-2 and -3 (50% effective concentration [ec50], ... | 0 | 26018165 |
| comparison of enzootic risk measures for predicting west nile disease, los angeles, california, usa, 2004-2010. | in los angeles, california, usa, 2 epidemics of west nile virus (wnv) disease have occurred since wnv was recognized in 2003. to assess which measure of risk was most predictive of human cases, we compared 3 measures: the california mosquito-borne virus surveillance and response plan assessment, the vector index, and the dynamic continuous-area space-time system. a case-crossover study was performed by using symptom onset dates from 384 persons with wnv infection to determine their relative envi ... | 0 | 22840314 |
| molecular detection and typing of dengue viruses from archived tissues of fatal cases by rt-pcr and sequencing: diagnostic and epidemiologic implications. | diagnosis of dengue virus (denv) infection in fatal cases is challenging because of the frequent unavailability of blood or fresh tissues. for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissues immunohistochemistry (ihc) can be used; however, it may not be as sensitive and serotyping is not possible. the application of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the detection of denv in ffpe tissues has been very limited. we evaluated ffpe autopsy tissues of 122 patients with susp ... | 0 | 22302871 |
| sources of error in the estimation of mosquito infection rates used to assess risk of arbovirus transmission. | infection rate is an estimate of the prevalence of arbovirus infection in a mosquito population. it is assumed that when infection rate increases, the risk of arbovirus transmission to humans and animals also increases. we examined some of the factors that can invalidate this assumption. first, we used a model to illustrate how the proportion of mosquitoes capable of virus transmission, or infectious, is not a constant fraction of the number of infected mosquitoes. thus, infection rate is not al ... | 0 | 20519620 |
| e.b. wilson lecture, 1998. eukaryotic rnas: once more from the beginning. | 0 | 10359589 | |
| infection dynamics of western equine encephalomyelitis virus (togaviridae: alphavirus) in four strains of culex tarsalis (diptera: culicidae): an immunocytochemical study. | background: vector competence describes the efficiency with which vector arthropods become infected with and transmit pathogens and depends on interactions between pathogen and arthropod genetics as well as environmental factors. for arbovirus transmission, the female mosquito ingests viremic blood, the virus infects and replicates in midgut cells, escapes from the midgut, and disseminates to other tissues, including the salivary glands. virus-laden saliva is then injected into a new host. for t ... | 0 | 22629118 |
| an acquired resistance of growing animals to certain neurotropic viruses in the absence of humoral antibodies or previous exposure to infection. | 1. as mice grow older they acquire a resistance to peripheral inoculation with the indiana and new jersey strains of vesicular stomatitis virus and to some extent also to western equine encephalomyelitis virus, but little or none to the eastern strain. 2. while some mice may become resistant as early as the 30th day of life, others may still be susceptible at 1 year of age. 3. this resistance is readily demonstrable when the inoculations are made by intranasal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intra ... | 1936 | 19870564 |
| active immunication of guinea pigs with the virus of equine encephalomyelitis : i. quantitative experiments with various preparations of active virus. | active eastern or western equine encephalomyelitis virus in three forms,-chemically untreated but simply passaged through series of mice; adsorbed on alumina gel c, and precipitated by tannin,-yielded practically the same results when employed for the immunization of guinea pigs. the virus is not inactivated by the process of adsorption or precipitation : guinea pigs and mice inoculated in the brain with these materials develop lethal encephalomyelitis in the same manner as when chemically untre ... | 1936 | 19870474 |
| the antigenic stability of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1938 | 17738814 | |
| laboratory transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis virus by mosquitoes of the genera culex and culiseta. | 1. western equine virus has been successfully transmitted in the laboratory by 3 species of mosquitoes from 2 genera not previously reported as laboratory vectors: culex tarsalis, culiseta inornata, and culiseta incidens. 2. though transmission was not demonstrated, survival of the virus for more than a few days was shown to occur in culex stigmatosoma and psorophora confinnis. possibly transmission occurred by the former. 3. in experiments with culex tarsalis, infection of the mosquitoes occurr ... | 1943 | 19871339 |
| induced resistance of the central nervous system to experimental infection with equine encephalomyelitis virus : iii. abortive infection with western virus and subsequent interference with the action of heterologous viruses. | although vaccination of guinea pigs with formalin-inactivated western equine encephalomyelitis virus rendered them specifically immune to an intracerebral challenge dose of 1,000 m.l.d. of western virus, it failed to protect their central nervous system against the initial effects of the virus: the intracerebral challenge dose was followed by an abortive infection of 20 to 30 hours' duration characterized by fever and histopathological changes which simulated the response at that early stage of ... | 1944 | 19871408 |
| western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the blood of experimentally inoculated chickens. | 1. chickens inoculated subcutaneously with 0.2 cc. of a 10(-2) to 10(-7) dilution of western equine mouse brain virus had the virus in the blood serum between the 12th and the 48th hour in most instances. the fowls showed no signs of illness. 2. viremia could be induced regularly in chickens by inoculating subcutaneously the least amount of virus which would produce encephalitis in the mouse when inoculated by the intracerebral route. 3. even the minimal infecting dose for a chicken led to such ... | 1946 | 19871522 |
| human encephalitis due to the western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1946 | 21009003 | |
| protective effects of bacteria on western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1946 | 20988555 | |
| western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the blood of experimentally inoculated chickens. | 1946 | 21016309 | |
| comparative sensitivity of the extraneural and intracerebral neutralization tests in following the antibody response in man to vaccination with western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1946 | 21026417 | |
| recovery of a strain of western equine encephalitis virus from culex restuans (theo.) (diptera: culicidae). | 1946 | 21066553 | |
| isolation of western equine encephalomyelitis virus from tropical fowl mites, liponyssus bursa (berlese). | 1947 | 20270744 | |
| the neutralization of western equine encephalomyelitis virus by human convalescent serum; the influence of heat labile substances in serum on the neutralization index. | 1947 | 20240799 | |
| recovery of western equine encephalomyelitis virus from wild bird mites (liponyssus sylviarum) in kern county, california. | 1947 | 17771930 | |
| experimental mixed infection of mice with lansing poliomyelitis virus and western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1949 | 17838571 | |
| the influence of certain serum factors on the neutralization of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1949 | 18132345 | |
| oxygen uptake of embryonated eggs infected with western equine encephalitis virus. | 1950 | 14787450 | |
| encephalitis in midwest. iv. western equine encephalomyelitis virus recovered from nestling wild birds in nature. | 1951 | 14864599 | |
| encephalitis in midwest. v. western equine encephalomyelitis virus recovered from mites dermanyssus americanus ewing. | 1951 | 14864600 | |
| encephalitis in midwest. vi. western equine encephalomyelitis virus isolated from aedes dorsalis meigen. | 1951 | 14891995 | |
| interference between st. louis encephalitis virus and western equine encephalomyelitis virus along a neuronal pathway. | 1952 | 12981275 | |
| interference between japanese b encephalitis virus and western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the rat. | 1952 | 13047344 | |
| western equine encephalitis in infants; a report on three cases with sequelae. | approximately one-third of the laboratory-confirmed cases of western equine encephalitis occur in children under the age of 10. the present paper describes three instances of western equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in infants under one year of age, together with the resultant sequelae. the difficulties associated with diagnosis of central nervous system disturbances in very young children are discussed, and it is pointed out that in view of the frequent occurrence of clinical infections ... | 1953 | 13106712 |
| one-step growth curve of western equine encephalomyelitis virus on chicken embryo cells grown in vitro and analysis of virus yields from single cells. | the rate of adsorption of wee virus onto chicken embryo cells in vitro was determined both on a cell layer and on a cell suspension. one-step growth curves were determined in cell suspensions and on cell layers. the latent period varied between 2 and 3(1/2) hours; it was shorter on cell layers and decreased with higher multiplicity of infection. the shortest period is probably the real latent period. the growth curves of the virus showed an initial exponential rise and reached a maximal constant ... | 1954 | 13130793 |
| a study of the ecology of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the upper mississippi river valley. | 1954 | 13180499 | |
| the hemagglutinin of western equine encephalitis virus: recovery, properties and use for diagnosis. | 1954 | 13212056 | |
| aedes nigromaculis (ludlow), mosquito naturally infected with western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1954 | 13237232 | |
| a technique employing embryonated chicken eggs for the infection of argasid ticks with coxiella burnetii, bacterium tularense, leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, and western equine encephalitis virus. | 1954 | 13143226 | |
| inapparent infection with western equine encephalitis virus: epidemiologic observations. | 1955 | 13258902 | |
| susceptibility of the pigeon (columba livia) to infection with western equine encephalomyelitis virus. i. blood virus levels following subcutaneous inoculation. | 1955 | 13252265 | |
| the maturation of western equine encephalomyelitis virus and its release from chick embryo cells in suspension. | experiments are presented in which the plaque assay technique was used to study the intracellular appearance and release of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in suspensions of infected chick embryo fibroblasts. no intracellular virus could be found during the 1st hour after adsorption in spite of the fact that more than 10(14) cells per ml. proved to be infected. this is taken to indicate that the infecting particle loses its infectivity upon entering a susceptible cell. the first progeny v ... | 1955 | 13233446 |
| recovery of western equine encephalomyelitis virus from naturally infected english sparrows of new jersey, 1953. | 1955 | 14371676 | |
| the transmission of western equine encephalitis virus by the mosquito culex tarsalis coq. | 1956 | 13292655 | |
| experimental studies of concurrent infection of canaries and of the mosquito culex tarsalis with plasmodium relictum and western equine encephalitis virus. | 1956 | 13292656 | |
| a winter isolation of western equine encephalitis virus from hibernation culex tarsalis coquillett. | 1956 | 13297733 | |
| a study of the basic aspects of neutralization of two animal viruses, western equine encephalitis virus and poliomyelitis virus. | 1956 | 13312221 | |
| rapid identification of isolates of western equine encephalomyelitis virus by the complement-fixation technique. | 1956 | 13372520 | |
| isolation of western equine encephalomyelitis virus from naturally-infected squirrels in california. | 1956 | 13372521 | |
| the prolonged persistence of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in cultures of strain l cells. | 1957 | 13409760 | |
| development and persistence of western equine encephalitis virus antibodies in experimentally infected pigeons. | 1957 | 13437685 | |
| some aspects of the pathogenesis of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the chick embryo. | 1957 | 13439202 | |
| studies on western equine encephalomyelitis virus in tissue cultures. i. the color change of phenol red in cultures of chick-embryo tissue as a visible method for assay of western equine encephalomylelitis virus and its antibody. | 1958 | 13520708 | |
| chronic latent infections of birds with western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1958 | 13554464 | |
| susceptibility of garter snakes (thamnophis spp.) to western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1958 | 13614471 | |
| [sensitivity of swine and cattle to artificial infection with western equine encephalitis virus]. | 1958 | 13587375 | |
| isolation and identification of western equine encephalomyelitis virus from mosquitoes by tissue culture methods. | 1958 | 13533721 | |
| overwintering of western equine encephalitis virus. | 1960 | 13704125 | |
| overwintering of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in experimentally infected garter snakes and transmission to mosquitoes. | 1960 | 13776510 | |
| recovery of western equine encephalomyelitis virus from crop washings of experimentally infected pigeons. | 1961 | 13785864 | |
| nutritive requirements of a small plaque mutant of western equine encephalitis virus. | 1961 | 14489449 | |
| structure and development of viruses as observed in the electron microscope. v. western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | stages in the development and release of western equine encephalomyelitis virus are illustrated and described. it is suggested that precursor particles 22 mmicro in diameter differentiate at template sites close to membranes bordering cytoplasmic vacuoles and that these particles either pass into the lumen of the vacuole, acquiring in the process a coat and peripheral membrane, or are dispersed in the cytoplasm and extruded through the cellular wall, emerging as viral particles on the surface. a ... | 1961 | 13772566 |
| [experimental infection of the bone tissue in mice with the american strain of western equine encephalitis virus]. | 1962 | 14470039 | |
| overwintering of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in garter snakes experimentally infected by culex tarsalis. | 1962 | 13920821 | |
| evidence against maintenance of western equine encephalomyelitis virus by culex tarsalis during spring in northwestern united states. | 1963 | 13975593 | |
| factors inhibiting the interference of western equine encephalitis virus by rabies virus in chick embryo tissue cultures. | 1963 | 14022024 | |
| production of an interferon by l cells infected with western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | lockart, royce z., jr. (the university of texas, austin). production of an interferon by l cells infected with western equine encephalomyelitis virus. j. bacteriol. 85:556-566. 1963.-two strains of western equine encephalomyelitis virus (wee), wee (l+) and wee (l-), which differed with respect to their cytopathogenicity for l cells were isolated. both strains reproduced in l cells, and both induced the production of an interferon distinct from virus particles. l-cell monolayers were protected fr ... | 1963 | 14042933 |
| interaction of an interferon with l cells. | lockart, royce z., jr. (the university of texas, austin) and barbara horn. interaction of an interferon with l cells. j. bacteriol. 85:996-1002. 1963.-data were presented on the effect of time of exposure and concentration of an interferon in provoking viral inhibition in l cells. populations of l cells which made reduced amounts of western equine encephalomyelitis virus as a result of treatment with interferon did so at reduced rates proportional to the concentration of interferon used. virus y ... | 1963 | 14044030 |
| antigenic variation among strains of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1963 | 14044753 | |
| [formaldehyde-induced mutation of western equine encephalomyelitis virus]. | 1963 | 14124788 | |
| immunologic characterization of western equine encephalomyelitis virus strains. | 1964 | 14218605 | |
| dissociation by l-ethionine of viral rna synthesis and maturation of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1964 | 14125053 | |
| some factors affecting plaque size of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1964 | 14125922 | |
| propagation of western equine encephalitis virus in mice following intramuscular and intranasal inoculation. | 1964 | 14166594 | |
| [studies on the presence of the western equine encephalitis virus in the blood in experimental viral diseases of the bone]. | 1964 | 14191239 | |
| inhibition by puromycin of the initiation of synthesis of infectious rna and virus by chicken embryo cells infected with western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1964 | 14208906 | |
| formaldehyde-induced mutations of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1964 | 14215309 | |
| an attenuated strain of western equine encephalitis virus as a possible live immunizing agent. | 1964 | 4955698 | |
| serologic evidence of california encephalitis virus and western equine encephalitis virus in snowshoe hares. | 1964 | 5895901 | |
| [variability of the western equine encephalomyelitis virus during the process of passage through several organisms]. | 1965 | 5894662 | |
| influence of heavy water (deuterium oxide) on plaque size of western equine encephalitis virus. | 1965 | 5895039 | |
| factors influencing determination of antigenic relationships between western equine encephalomyelitis virus strains. | 1965 | 14279787 | |
| in vivo antiviral activity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. | a prolongation in the lives of swiss mice inoculated intracerebrally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcm) was observed after treatment with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (bcnu). a variety of treatment schedules, including therapy once or twice daily up to 17 days and single treatments at various times after virus inoculation, were employed. virus titers ranging to greater than 10(4) were detected in the blood and brains of surviving drug-treated animals. in three comparative stud ... | 1965 | 14339266 |
| nonspecific binding of complement by digestion fragments from antiviral gamma globulin. | the nonspecificity of rabbit gamma-globulin (antibody) to western equine encephalitis virus and the non-specificity of normal rabbit gamma-globulin in complement-fixation tests with anti-gens prepared from chick-embryo cells infected with this virus and normal chick-embryo cells resided primarily in porter's fragment iii. addition of complement to fragment iii from the anti-body globulin, followed by inactivation of the added complement, abolished the complement-fixing ability of fragment iii wi ... | 1965 | 17737800 |
| western equine encephalitis virus in saskatchewan garter snakes and leopard frogs. | western equine encephalitis virus was isolated from two naturally infected snakes on first bleeding and from seven others at subsequent bleedings, both with and without preliminary chilling. one snake, with neither detectable virus nor serum neutralizing antibodies when first bled, developed viremia later. viremia in garter snakes has a cyclic rhythm independent of the temperature of the environment. virus was isolated from 6 frogs, and 50 out of 179 had detectable serum neutralizing antibodies. ... | 1966 | 5919753 |
| culex tarsalis coquillett as a vector of an attenuated strain of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1966 | 5933958 | |
| heterogeneous rna's occurring during the replication of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1966 | 4286764 | |
| attempts to induce immunological tolerance to western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1966 | 4380775 | |
| variability of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. i. genetic markers of virus variants obtained by formaldehyde treatment and ultraviolet irradiation. | 1967 | 4382128 | |
| variability of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. ii. pathogenicity of apathogenic and pathogenic virus variants. | 1967 | 4382130 | |
| experimental cyclic transmission of western equine encephalitis virus in chickens and culex tarsalis through a year. | 1967 | 4381367 | |
| a simplified method for preparing eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis complement fixing antigens. | 1967 | 15938267 | |
| suppressed penicillin toxicity in immunized guinea pigs surviving challenge with western equine encephalitis virus. | 1968 | 5640390 | |
| preparation of a stable non-infective western equine encephalomyelitis virus antigen from allantoic fluid. | 1968 | 5693066 | |
| replication of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. i. some chemical and physical characteristics of viral ribonucleic acid. | the ribonucleic acid (rna) from western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virions sedimented through sucrose gradients with a sedimentation coefficient of 40s. another viral rna which was always associated with infected cells possessed a sedimentation coefficient of 26s. both 40s and 26s rna had identical base compositions and densities. the 40s rna displayed a hyperchromic effect when heated with a t(m) of 57.5 c. when 40s rna was heated at 90 c and cooled rapidly, it sedimented with a coefficient ... | 1968 | 5697470 |
| replication of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. ii. cytoplasmic structure involved in the synthesis and development of the virions. | analysis of the cytoplasmic fraction of chick embryo cells during the exponential phase of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus growth showed that the viral ribonucleic acid (rna) labeled by a short pulse with (3)h-uridine was associated with a structure which sedimented in sucrose density gradients with a coefficient of 65s. the rna extracted from this structure sedimented in sucrose density gradients at 26s. after a longer period of exposure to (3)h-uridine, the radio-active viral rna ... | 1968 | 5723707 |
| survival of western equine encephalitis virus in triatominae. | 1968 | 4880889 | |
| attempts to induce recomibinants somatic cells in chicken erythrocyte chimaeras by repeated injection of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1969 | 5815870 | |
| isolation of two plaque mutants of western equine encephalitis virus differing in virulence for mice. | two plaque mutants were isolated from tissue cultures infected persistently with western equine encephalitis virus. a large plaque mutant proved to be markedly avirulent for mice. | 1969 | 5360528 |
| isolation of western equine encephalitis virus from an opossum. | the first isolation of an arbovirus (western equine encephalo-myelitis virus) from an opossum in the united states is reported. | 1969 | 5763879 |
| [the effect of beta-propiolactone and heat on the antigenic properties of a series of arboviruses]. | 1969 | 5407009 | |
| interfering factor in chicken tissues infected with infectious bursal agent against western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1970 | 5453402 |