| rat interferons. iv. sialoproteins in rat serum. | introduction of virus as inductor of interferon into rats caused a decline in serum levels of sialic acid in blood taken at the time of maximum interferon activity. differences in the acute phase proteins were dependent on the type of virus used for induction. ndv injected intravenously did not lower serum levels of seromucoid, but given together with dmso markedly depressed the content of this protein in the serum. stimulation of interferon production by sindbis virus was accompanied by a signi ... | 1977 | 879992 |
| strategy of the flavivirus genome: evidence for multiple internal initiation of translation of proteins specified by kunjin virus in mammalian cells. | | 1977 | 888349 |
| [cellular immune lysis patterns in viral infection]. | | 1977 | 888574 |
| a comparison of saint louis encephalitis and sindbis virus rna. | rna isolated from purified st. louis encephalitis and sindbis virus particles was compared by cellulose cf-11 chromatography, and rnase t1 and pancreatic rnase a digestion. sle rna eluted from the cellulose cf-11 column as a molecule with very little secondary structure, while sindbis appears to have some internal bonding. ribonuclease digestion indicates that sle rna contains 2.4 per cent polyadenylic acid. | 1977 | 889439 |
| pathogenesis of temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus in the embryonated egg. iii. autologous, homologous, and heterologous interference. | two temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of sindbis virus able to synthetize rna, but not two ts mutants defective in viral rna synthesis, reduced to lethality of the superinfecting heat-resistant parent strain of sindbis virus in embryonated chicken eggs as compared with results in controls. autologous interference (of mutant with parent) was observed under a variety of conditions. time-course studies in one selected system showed that lower titers of superinfecting parent virus were detected in ... | 1977 | 889615 |
| antibody-dependent, complement-mediated homologous and cross-cytolysis of togavirus-infected cells. | the appearance of viral induced antigen(s) on sindbis and semliki forest (sf) virus-infected chick embryo cells is detected with homologous mouse anti-viral antibody-dependent, complement-mediated cytolysis in a 51cr release assay. such antigen(s) is detected within 3 to 4 hr after infection whereas viral cytopathologic effects do not occur until 10 to 12 hr. in addition, significant heterologous cytolysis (anti-sindbis on sf virus-infected cells, or, anti-sfv on sindbis-infected cells) could be ... | 1977 | 894036 |
| [change in the nature of the persistence of alpha- and flaviviruses in the body of balb/c strain mice with a mixed infection with leukovirus]. | the features of pathogenesis of infection caused in adult balb/c mice intraperitoneally infected with sindbis virus, virulent or attenuated strains of west nile (wn) virus, individually or in combination with rauscher leukemia virus (rlv) were studied. the influence of the latter on the course of togavirus infections was characterized by 3 features: (a) different effects on the visceral and neural phases of the pathogenesis (increased period of viremia and virus reproduction in the viscera did n ... | 1979 | 506204 |
| the continued presence of interferon is not required for activation of cells by interferon. | | 1977 | 896806 |
| mutants of sindbis virus. ii. characterization of a maturation-defective mutant, ts103. | | 1977 | 898673 |
| evolution and properties of aedes albopictus cell cultures persistently infected with sindbis virus. | | 1977 | 898680 |
| nucleolar fragmentation in cells infected with alphaviruses (39886). | | 1977 | 909877 |
| the significance and nature of defective interfering viruses. | deletions in viral genomes appear to be a common occurrence in the replication of all dna and rna viruses which have been adequately studied. such defective genomes can replicate in the presence in the same cell of a helper virus as long as the deletion does not involve the initiation site for genome replication. coinfection of a cell with defective and "normal" infectious virus leads to reduction in the yield of the latter. the nature of di viruses and genomes found in sindbis virus-infected ve ... | 1977 | 912148 |
| reaction of the protease inhibitor p-nitrophenyl-p'-guanidinobenzoate with sindbis virus. | | 1977 | 929977 |
| replication of standard and defective ross river virus in bhk cells: patterns of viral rna and polypeptide synthesis. | virus-specific macromolecule synthesis has been examined in bhk cells infected with ross river virus. unpassaged virus (r-0) and tenth-passage virus (r-10) have been compared. in infected cells r-0 generates i) 45s, 28s, 33s and 26s viral rnas, ii) virus-specific precursor polypeptides of mol. wt. 127,000, 95,000 and 61,000 and iii) viral envelope proteins (mol. wts. 52,000 and 49,000) and nucleocapsid protein (mol. wt. 32,000). thus in terms of virus-specific rna and polypeptide synthesis, the ... | 1979 | 518301 |
| rat interferons. homologous and heterologus rat serum activity. | serum proteins from normal rat serum and induced with sindbis virus were separated on sephadex g-100. interferon activity was studied in a system of homologous rec and heterologous lg cells. proteins of normal serum as well as induced serum emerged in two peaks separated by a deep saddle. four hours after induction, the serum gave two peaks with similar interferon activity in both cell systems. after 8-hour induction, two interferons were also obtained, but activity in the heterologous system wa ... | 1977 | 931553 |
| variants of the hr strain of sindbis virus lethal for mice. | we have selected two similar variants of sindbis hr virus which are lethal for mice. consecutive brain to brain passage series were conducted in suckling and weanling mice. specific anti-sindbis hr neutralization tests and protection tests demonstrate that these viruses are derived from the parent sindbis hr. | 1976 | 932692 |
| the effect of infection with sindbis virus and its temperature-sensitive mutants on cellular protein and dna synthesis. | | 1976 | 936476 |
| polyadenylic acid size and position found in sindbis virus genome and mrna species. | | 1976 | 936483 |
| sialic acid contents of sindbis virus from vertebrate and mosquito cells. equivalence of biological and immunological viral properties. | | 1976 | 942807 |
| [infection of mice with sindbis virus during pregnancy]. | | 1976 | 944402 |
| inhibition of sindbis virus replication by zinc ions. | | 1976 | 945640 |
| the induction of interferon by temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus: its relationship to double-stranded rna synthesis and cytopathic effect. | sindbis virus strain ar339 induces interferon by 3 h after infection at 39 degrees c and by 8 h after infection at 30 degrees c. the time course of interferon induction between 4 and 9 h after infection at the restrictive temperature (39 degrees c) was measured for 24 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants, all of which induced interferon by 16 h after infection. mutants showing total rna synthesis at 39 degrees c greater than 10% of the wild-type level induced interferon with kinetics similar to th ... | 1976 | 950559 |
| proposed nomenclature for alphavirus polypeptides. | | 1976 | 950561 |
| kinetics of the rapid action of interferon. | the present study was undertaken to examine some factors which lead to early-appearing resistance in human cells treated with interferon. it was previously shown that two conditions required for rapid development of resistance were continuous maintenance of cultures at 37 degrees and use of more than 10 units/ml of interferon. the decay kinetics of the established resistance appear to be approximately the same whether the resistance was induced under conditions favoring rapid or slow development ... | 1976 | 967891 |
| defective interfering passages of sindbis virus: nature of the defective virion rna. | defective interfering particles of sindbis virus contain 20s rna identical to that found in bhk cells co-infected with standard and defective virions. we have characterized these rnas by their oligonucleotide fingerprints. most of the oligonucleotides were identical to those found in the mrna (26s rna) that codes for the virion structural proteins. three oligonucleotides found in 20s rna were absent from the 26s rna pattern and may represent sequences from the 5' end of the virion rna. previous ... | 1976 | 972428 |
| defects in rna+ temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus and evidence for a complex of pe2-e1 viral glycoproteins. | | 1976 | 982835 |
| microviscosity of togavirus membranes studied by fluorescence depolarization: influence of envelope proteins and the host cell. | the microviscosities of the hydrophobic regions of the membranes of intact semliki forest and sindbis viruses grown on bhk-21 cells, of liposomes derived from the extracted viral lipids, and of protease-treated virions were measured by fluorescence depolorization using the fluorescence probe 1, 6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. the intact virus membranes were found to have a higher microviscosity than did virus-derived liposomes, indicating the viral envelope proteins contribute to microviscosity. ho ... | 1976 | 985887 |
| failure of defective interfering particles of sindbis virus produced in bhk or chicken cells to affect viral replication in aedes albopictus cells. | whereas defective interfering particles of sindbis virus are readily produced in bhk-21 cells or chicken embryo fibroblasts by the techniques of serial undiluted passage, similar methods failed to generate such particles in aedes albopictus cell cultures. in addition, sindbis virus stocks produced in bhk-21 cells or chicken embryo fibroblasts and which contained defective interfering particles, when tested in a. albopictus cells, failed (i) to interfere with the replication of standard sindbis v ... | 1976 | 986481 |
| establishment of persistent infection in bhk-21 cells by temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus. | twelve temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of sindbis were examined for their ability to establish persistent infection in bhk-21 cells at 39 degrees c. five of these mutants were able to initiate colony formation in infected cultures, which followed an extensive c.p.e. two of the mutants were able to establish persistent infections which survived beyond the fifth cell passage p.i. the ability to initiate colony formation was correlated with low reversion of the ts mutation, or with ability to in ... | 1979 | 521804 |
| sindbis virus rna replication. i. properties of the 38s rna species. | four species of single-stranded virus rna (49s, 38s, 33s and 26s) were detected in chick embryo fibroblasts infected with sindbis virus. the relative amounts of these rnas were unaffected by the m.o.i. there was also no significant difference in the molar proportions of the four rna species when purified virion rna was used as the inoculum. these findings suggest that the 38s and 33s species represent products of the transcription of non-defective virion rnas. kinetic analyses of rna synthesis i ... | 1979 | 528982 |
| formation of a sindbis virus nonstructural protein and its relation of 42s mrna function. | chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with an rna- temperature-sensitive mutant (ts24) of sindbis virus accumulated a large-molecular-weight protein (p200) when cells were shifted from the permissive to nonpermissive temperature. appearance of p200 was accompanied by a decrease in the synthesis of viral structural proteins, but [35s]methionine tryptic peptides from p200 were different from those derived from a 140,000-molecular-weight polypeptide that contains the amino acid sequences of viral str ... | 1976 | 994299 |
| purification and composition of the proteins from sindbis virus grown in chick and bhk cells. | procedures are described for the purification of the sindbis virus structural proteins. the amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of the purified proteins are presented for virus grown in bhk-21/13 and chicken embryo cells. glycoprotein e1 from virus grown in bhk cells is deficient in a mannose-rich glycopeptide found on that glycoprotein when virus is grown in chicken embryo cells. the complex glactose-containing glycopeptides appear similar for virus grown in both hosts. however, when virus ... | 1976 | 994303 |
| di-and trimethylated congeners of 7-methylguanine in sindbis virus mrna. | | 1976 | 995206 |
| maintenance and recovery of the interferon-induced antiviral state. | | 1976 | 995931 |
| [polyuridylic sequences and negative strands of sindbis virus-specific rnas: study by affinity chromatography on poly (a)-sepharose columns (author's transl)]. | the experimental conditions of affinity chromatography on poly (a)-sepharose columns have been determined. this method makes obvious the existence of polyuridylic acid sequences on the negative strands of sinbis virus-spedific rnas. the isolated rnas are negative and positive strands hybrids. by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it has been shown that the negative strands have the same length as the 26 s interjacent rna at the 6th hour, and as the 42 s virion rna at the 9th hour postinfection. ... | 1976 | 999128 |
| antibodies against arboviruses in sierra leone. | sera from 180 blood donors in sierra leone were examined by combined hemagglutination - inhibition, complement fixation, and neutralization tests for antibodies against 10 arbovirus. the donors were 20 to 40 years old and resident at panguma, tongo, serabu and segbwema. thirty sera (16.6%) had antibodies to group b viruses, the majority of which were to yellow fever virus as confirmed by n tests. nineteen sera had antibodies to arumowot virus and 4 to sindbis virus. n antibodies against ugmp 359 ... | 1976 | 1006793 |
| laboratory studies on the vector capability of aedes (neomelaniconion) unidentatus mcintosh and aedes (aedimorphus/ dentatus (theobald) with west nile and sindbis viruses. | laboratory tests were made with aedes (neomelaniconion) unidentatus mcintosh and aedes (aedimorphus) dentatus (theobald) collected from the highveld region of the transvaal, south africa, to determine their ability of transmit west nile and sindbis viruses. viraemic hamsters or a viraemic chick were exposed to the mosquitoes as infective meals. infection of mosquitoes was determined by testing mosquitoes individually for the presence of virus 10-26 days later. transmission of virus, attempted be ... | 1976 | 1019752 |
| ord river arboviruses--serological epidemiology. | this paper presents the results of haemagglutination-inhibition tests carried out on sera from 441 persons, 1,080 cattle and 335 birds in the kimberley area. two alphaviruses (group a) (ross river and sindbis) and one flavivirus (murray valley encephalitis) were used for the preparation of haemagglutinins in the haemagglutination-inhibition tests. the tests showed a high percentage of antibody of murray valley encephalitis in humans, birds and cattle, with an obvious focus of infection in the st ... | 1976 | 1021093 |
| [identification of rnaase-sensitive 20s rna in a cell culture infected with sindbis virus]. | rnase-sensitive 20s rna component with molecular weight of 0.7-10(6) is found when analysing virus-specific rnas isolated from cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with sindbis virus by means of gradient centrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | 1976 | 1022269 |
| comparison of the carbohydrate of sinbis virus glycoproteins with the carbohydrate of host glycoproteins. | the carbohydrate portions of the sindbis virus glycoproteins were compared with the carbohydrate portions of cell surface glycoproteins from uninfected host cells. comparisons of the size of glycopeptides were made using gel filtrations. comparisons of sugar linkages were made by methylation analysis. the conclusion was that the sindbis carbohydrate is similar to a portion of the host carbohydrate. thus, the sindbis carbohydrate structures appear to be structures normally made in the uninfected ... | 1977 | 616485 |
| [effect of rimantadine on the synthesis of virus-specific rna in the culture of cells infected with sindbis virus]. | effect of rimanthadine (alpha-methyl-i-adamantane methylamine) on the synthesis of virus specific rna was studied in culture of cells, infected with syndbis virus. rimanthadine inhibits the synthesis of virus specific rna beginning from the 3-rd hr of infection. a magnitude of inhibition from the 3-rd to the 7-th hrs of infection was practically the same and exceeded 50%. in the presence of rimanthadine "early" rna was formed (with sedimentation constant of 20-14 s), where radioactivity was lowe ... | 1976 | 1027258 |
| the production and action of interferon in chinese hamster cells. | the interferon system has been investigated in primary cell cultures established from chinese hamster embryos and new born pups. interferon synthesis was induced with sindbis virus, ultraviolet inrradiated newcastle disease virus (u.v.-ndv) and with polyriboinosine acid-polyribocytidylic acid complex [poly (ri). poly (rc)]. only u.v.-ndv induced significant production of interferon, maximum amounts being produced in 'aged' cells. its apparent mol. wt. was 25000. cho-ki cells, an established line ... | 1976 | 1033270 |
| uv irradiation of interferon-treated chick embryo cells enhances sindbis virus growth. | | 1976 | 1035095 |
| [integration and transfection of an arbovirus by mammalian cells]. | a system: l cells chronically infected with sindbis virus was studied. unlike acute infection wherein the mature virions are produced, the chronically infected tissue culture produces subviral structures-infectious ribonucleoproteins. molecular hybridization experiments revealed the integration of the viral genome (dna-transcript) into the cellular genome. transfection experiments showed the possibility to induce the synthesis of the virus in sensitive cells treated with dna from the chronically ... | 1976 | 1053085 |
| production of interferon in the white mouse by dimethyl sulfoxide. | | 1975 | 1055550 |
| in vivo behavior of a sindbis virus mutant isolated from persistently infected aedes aegypti cell cultures. | a mutant of the sindbis virus sv-s was found to interfere with the regular course of infection by the wild strain of the virus sv-w in a. aegypti mosquitoes and in suckling mice. in mosquitoes, this result was manifested by a reduced titer of sv-w in the presence of sv-s and by a failure of the mosquitoes to transmit sv-w. in the brains of suckling mice, in the presence of sv-s, the growth of sc inoculated sv-w was suppressed, and as a result, the usually lethal course of infection by this virus ... | 1975 | 1072594 |
| observations of aedes albopictus cell cultures persistently infected with sindbis virus. | | 1975 | 1072595 |
| neutralization of a togavirus by antivector antisera. | an a. aegypti-propagated togavirus (sindbis) is neutralized by antisera to both whole-body extracts and to salivary fluid of the vector mosquito. virus propagated in vero cells is not neutralized by such antisera. neutralizing activity resides in the immune globulin fraction of sera. sera from animals injected with adjuvant neutralized neither virus propagated in mosquitoes nor virus obtained from vero cells. although neutralizing titers were low, such activity may protect, to some degree, verte ... | 1975 | 1072597 |
| preliminary evidence for cell-mediated immunity in cross-protection among group a arboviruses. | unfractionated and t cell-enriched populations from spleens of mice immunized with sinbdis virus confer cross-protection against semliki forest virus challenge in recipient mice. both group a viruses are serologically related, but not by tests for cross-neutralizing antibody. the protection in mice persisted for three consecutive cell passages in uninfected mice. the results suggest that cell-mediated immunity accounts for cross-protection. | 1975 | 1079033 |
| inhibition of group b arbovirus antigen production and replication in cells enucleated with cytochalasin b. | a comparative study of the growth of sindbis (sin) virus, a group a arbovirus (togavirus), and japanese encephalitis (je) virus, a representative group b arbovirus (togavirus), was conducted in enucleate and nucleate cells. immunofluorescent tests and yield measurements demonstrated that chicken embryo cells which had been enucleated and subsequently infected with sin virus produced virus-specific antigens and infectious virus. by contrast, je failed to replicate or produce virus-specific antige ... | 1975 | 1090752 |
| sindbis virus replication in vertebrate and mosquito cells: an interpretation. | this paper summarizes recent comparative studies of sindbis virus (sv) replication in cultured aedes albopictus (a. albo) or (a. aegypti (a. aeg) and bhk21 or chick embryo (cef) cells. 1. viral growth kinetics and yields are similar in a. albo cells at 28 degress c and in vertebrate cells at 37 degrees c. a. albo exhibit no cpe and yield persistenetly infected cultures. 2. sv grown in a. albo cells lacks sialic acid but is antigenically and in terms of particle/pfu or particle/hau ratios equival ... | 1975 | 1107684 |
| processing of alphavirus-specific proteins in infected cells. | the rna of the alphaviruses contains the genetic information for both the non-structural and the structural polypeptides. the former are contained in the initial two-thirds of the sequence (from the 5'-terminus) and are read directly from the virus particle rna, but whether post-translational cleavage is involved or not is not known. the genes for the structural polypeptides are in the final one-third of the genome, and are probably not read directly but are transcribed selectively to produce a ... | 1975 | 1107686 |
| [possible mechanisms of chronic viral infections (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 1108450 |
| [multiplication of sindbis virus in drosophila cells cultivated in vitro (author's transl)]. | sindbis virus replicates in drosophila cell cultures without any cytopathic effect. in continuous cell lines the virus is able to establish a persistent infection similar to other arboviruses in insect cell lines. the growth curve of sindbis virus in drosophila cells shows a maximum virus yield at around 24 hours postinfection, thereafter the virus production decreases and then remains fairly constant during a number of cell divisions. the average virus yield per cell has been estimated to be sm ... | 1975 | 1147779 |
| regulation of the synthesis of sindbis virus-specified rna: role of the virion core protein. | cells infected with seven different rna+ mutants of sindbis virus were found to accumulate a virus-specified polypeptide of mol. wt. 144000 (p144) during incubation at the non-permissive temperature, while at the same time synthesis of the virus structural proteins was drastically reduced. mapping of the tryptic peptides of p144 showed that it contained the amino acid sequences of all the virus structural proteins. at the non-permissive temperature cells infected with the same seven mutants (out ... | 1978 | 632811 |
| neutralization of sindbis virus by antisera to antigens of vector mosquitoes. | sindbis virus harvested from infected cultures of vero cells and from aedes aegypti mosquitoes was used in neutralization tests with sera obtained from guinea pigs immunized with ground a. aegypti and from guinea pigs repetitively bitten by mosquitoes. employing these antisera, more mosquito-propagated virus was neutralized than was virus grown in cultures of vero cells. the neutralizing activity resided in the immune globulin fraction and may reflect the production of antibody to vector antigen ... | 1975 | 1155692 |
| the distribution and prevalence of group a arbovirus neutralizing antibodies among human populations in southeast asia and the pacific islands. | plaque reduction neutralization tests, using five group a arboviruses (chikungunya, ross river, getah, bebaru and sindbis), were done on sera from human populations in 44 southeast asia and pacific island localities. specificity of the plaque neutralization test was determined by examining convalescent sera from patients with known alphavirus infections. chikungunya-specific neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in sera of persons living in south vietnam, northern malaysia, indonesia (kalima ... | 1975 | 1155702 |
| isolation of murray valley encephalitis virus from sentinel chickens. | sentinel chickens were established in 3 centres along the murray valley on 20 december 1973. the demonstration of antibody in the serum of chickens in the mildura and kerang areas indicated sindbis virus activity late in december 1973 and early in january 1974. tests for antibody to mve virus were negative until blood collected from one chicken at echuca on 27 february 1974 and several chickens at mildura and kerang on 14 march 1974, showed positive hi reactions. murray valley encephalitis virus ... | 1975 | 1164265 |
| interfering passages of sindbis virus: concomitant appearance of interference, morphological variants, and trucated viral rna. | serial passage of sindbis at high multiplicities of infection resulted in cyclical variations in virus titer. decreases in virus titer were correlated with the appearance of smaller-sized virions, interference and truncated viral rna. the smaller particles were 37 nm in diameter, exclusive of the hemagglutinin spikes as compared with a diameter of 50 nm for standard virions. passages which contained 37-nm partilces also interfered with infectious center formation by standard, plaque-purified vir ... | 1975 | 1165599 |
| alterations in sindbis viral enbelope proteins by treating bhk cells with glucosamine. | addition of d-glucosamine to bhk cells infected with sindbis virus inhibited the formation of the e-2 viral envelope from its precursor pe-2. release of virus was blocked, and two new viral protein bands replaced the normal envelope protein bands detected in sds-gel electropherograms of infected cell extracts. | 1975 | 1167605 |
| isolation of a sindbis virus variant by passage on mouse plasmacytoma cells. | a variant of sindbis virus has been isolated by growing a stock of virus, previously passaged on chicken embryo cells, in mouse plasmacytoma (mopc 315) cells in suspension culture. an indirect immunofluorescence test and infective center assay showed that only a small fraction of cells could be infected by the stock wild-type virus, but that the population of virus accumulating after a few passages on the mouse cells had host-range properties distinct from the stock virus. the mouse-passaged vir ... | 1975 | 1167912 |
| the role of interferon in interference and auto-interference elicited by newcastle disease virus. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) strains interfere in different degree with the growth of the velogenic ndv strain texas gb (homologous interference) and sindbis virus (heterologous interference) in chick embryo fibroblast cells. homologous interference was elicited by interferon-producing live or uv-inactivated strains and non-interferon-producing live or beta-propiolactone-inactivated strains and it was not influenced by actinomycin d. thus, interferon had apparently no role in homologous interfe ... | 1975 | 1168397 |
| replication of lactic dehydrogenase virus and sindbis virus in mouse peritoneal macrophages. induction of interferon and phenotypic mixing. | | 1975 | 1170684 |
| double-stranded complex of polyguanylic and polycytidylic acids and its antiviral activity in tissue culture. | the antiviral activity and conditions of formation of the most active double-stranded complexes of synthetic homopolynucleotides, polyriboguanylic and polyribocytidylic acids, were studied on the model of primary trypsinized chick embryo cells and rna-containing viruses. the (poly g).(poly c) complex was very active against the viruses tested; their replication in cell cultures was inhibited completely. the antiviral activity of the (poly g).(poly c) complex increased markedly in the presence of ... | 1975 | 239557 |
| sindbis virus glycoproteins: effect of the host cell on the oligosaccharides. | sindbis virus was grown in four different host cells and the carbohydrate portions of the glycoproteins were analyzed. sindbis virus grown in bhk-21 cells has more sialic acid and galactose than sindbis virus grown in chicken embryo cells. in other respects the carbohydrates from virus grown in these two hosts are very similar. sindbis virus grown either in chick cells transformed by rous sarcoma virus or in bhk cells transformed by polyoma virus was also examined. in comparisons of virus from n ... | 1975 | 1171992 |
| defective interfering particles of sindbis virus. iii. intracellular viral rna species in chick embryo cell cultures. | | 1975 | 1172323 |
| initiation sites for translation of sindbis virus 42s and 26s messenger rnas. | sindbis virus 26s rna is the principal species of virus-specific rna found in the infected cell; it is derived from a one third segment of virion 42s rna. when translated in cell-free extracts from mouse ascites cells or rabbit reticulocytes, 26s rna directed the synthesis primarily of the 33,000 dalton virus capsid protein, and the protein products were in the form of free peptides rather than peptidyl-trna. in contrast, the polypeptides synthesized in either extract in response to sindbis viru ... | 1975 | 1182802 |
| virus neutralizing antibodies to arboviruses in birds of the order anseriformes in czechoslovakia. | sera from birds of the order anseriformes in czechoslovakia were examined for virus neutralizing (vn) antibodies to arboviruses. vn antibodies to sindbis, calovo and tahyna viruses were found in 15, 5 and 6 out of 106 greylag goose (anser anser) sera. out of 38 ducks, 6 mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and 1 garganey (anas querquedula) contained vn antibodies to sindbis virus, 6 mallards to calovo virus, 4 mallards and 1 garganey to tahyna virus, 2 mallards and 1 garganey to tick-borne encephalitis ... | 1975 | 241234 |
| unexpectedly rapid action of human interferon in physiological conditions. | | 1975 | 1186843 |
| methylation of sindbis virus "26s" messenger rna. | | 1975 | 1191298 |
| defective particles in alphavirus infections. | this article summarizes our studies with defective-interfering particles of sindbis virus obtained by high multiplicity passaging of the virus in bhk cells. cells infected with these defective passages accumulate a species of rna (20s) at the expense of 26s rna--the mrna coding for the viral structural proteins. although the structure of the rna in defective particles remains undefined, our studies of replicative forms and replicative intermediates suggest that it is larger than the intracellula ... | 1975 | 1207189 |
| function of sindbis virus 49s and 26s rnas in in vitro protein synthesizing systems. a summary. | | 1975 | 1207190 |
| purification of togavirus haemagglutinins by chromatography on controlled pore glass. | purified preparations of haemagglutinins from sindbis, west nile and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) viruses could be obtained from infected mouse brains by alkaline extraction, precipitation with protamine and chromatography on polyethylene glycol-coated controlled pore glass with 242 a pore diameter. | 1975 | 241241 |
| [study of the antiviral action of gentamicin]. | experimental data on the effect of various concentrations of gentamycin on reproduction of vee and sindbis viruses in tissue culture are presented. it was found that gentamycin had no cytotoxic effect on the primary tripsinized chick embryon fibroblasts (cef) when used in doses of 10, 20 or 30 mg/ml and only when used in a dose of 50 mg/ml it induced 50 percent destruction of the cell layer. multiplication of the vee and sindbis viruses in the culture of cef was inhibited in the presence of gent ... | 1975 | 1225192 |
| requirement of cell nucleus for the replication of an arenavirus. | baby hamster kidney (bhk21) cells enucleated with cytochalasin b were infected with pichinde virus or sindbis virus. viral replication was measured by plaque assay, and the synthesis of viral antigens was determined by immunofluorescence. pichinde virus replication was completely inhibited in cells enucleated prior to infection as measured by both techniques while the replication of sindbis virus was unaffected. enucleation of cells at different times after infection with pichinde virus indicate ... | 1975 | 1235853 |
| amino-terminal sequence analysis of the structural proteins of sindbis virus. | the structural proteins of sindbis virus, an enveloped virus which belongs to the togavirus family, have been subjected to automated edman degradation using improved techniques. extensive nh2-terminal sequences of about 50 residues were determined for each of the two membrane glycoproteins. in both cases the nh2 terminus of the molecule was found to be similar in composition to typical water-soluble proteins. the viral capsid protein was found to have a blocked alpha-amino group. this is consist ... | 1978 | 275841 |
| the effect of canavanine on the capsid protein of sindbis virus. | in the presence of the arginine analogue canavanine, sindbis virus-infected bhk 21 cells synthesize a capsid protein of somewhat larger molecular weight than that of controls. this protein can also be seen in short pulse-labelled cells, and probably represents a precursor of the normal capsid protein. in our experiments canavanine had no effect on the viral envelope proteins, and the canavanine containing capsid protein formed nucleocapsids and virus particles as well as normal capsid protein do ... | 1975 | 1239648 |
| effect of cycloheximide on viral precursor protein b in sindbis virus-infected bhk cells. | the possible role of b protein, a postulated precursor of viral envelope proteins was studied in sindbis virus-infected bhk cells. although tryptic digestion of the b protein produces tryptic peptides of the viral envelope proteins it seems unlikely that b molecules accumulated in the cytoplasm of infected cells are subsequently cleaved into structural proteins. we suggest that if b is really the precursor of e1 and pe2 viral envelope proteins, the cleavage takes place on the ribosomes during th ... | 1975 | 1239649 |
| binding of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid with cultured cells. | homogenates prepared from polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid copolymer [poly(ri) - poly(rc)]-treated cells exhibited antiviral activity in chick embryo, l and rabbit kidney cells. the antiviral activity in the homogenate co-sedimented with cellular membrane material and was shown to be poly(ri) - poly(rc) by a hybridization competition test with immobilized polyribocytidylic acid. the results indicate that poly(ri) - poly(rc) binds firmly to cellular membrane. these studies, however, could ... | 1975 | 1239991 |
| [the absence of sindbis virus from french polynesia]. | the authors report, in french polynesia that sindbis antigen is a good control for rubella serodiagnosis. data are presented on hemagglutination inhibition from 2,032 sera, showing no evidence of any sindbis antigen circulation. | 1975 | 1243736 |
| interactions between immune cells and antibody in protection from fatal sindbis virus encephalitis. | transfer of anti-sindbis virus serum, obtained from peripherally inoculated donors, protected mice from an otherwise fatal intracerebral infection with neuroadapted sindbis virus (nsv). f(ab)'2 preparations of serum were not protective, indicating that the fc piece of immunoglobulin g was important. complement-depleted animals were protected with anti-nsv serum, ruling out as essential the complement-fixing function of the fc piece. the presence of protective antibody correlated with the ability ... | 1979 | 311344 |
| genetic exclusion and stable complementation of sindbis virus. | in an effort to enhance genetic interactions by eliminating spatial or physical barriers between variants of sindbis virus mgcl2 was used to aggregate infecting viral particles. mixing viral samples in a 1:1 ratio with 0.5 m mgcl2 produced maximal reduction in plaque forming units (pfu) with minimal cell damage due to mgcl2. aggregate size was determined to be about 7 pfu. samples taken at 3,5 and 10 hours after infection with mixed aggregates composed of large and small plaque forming virus ind ... | 1976 | 1259595 |
| role of the immune response in age-dependent resistance of mice to encephalitis due to sindbis virus. | one- to eight-week-old mice were studied after subcutaneous inoculation of sindbis virus. local replication at the site of inoculation, transient viremia, and invasion of the brain were found in mice of all ages, although the quantities of virus were greater in younger mice. death occurred in 100% of one-week-old mice, 28% of two-week-old mice, and none of the mice four weeks old or older. pathologic examination of the brains on day 7 after infection revealed a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrat ... | 1976 | 1262711 |
| constituents of eriobotrya japonica. a study of their antiviral properties. | the chcl3 extract of eriobotrya japonica from an italian source was shown to contain four new triterpene esters, namely, 23-trans-p-coumaroyltormentic acid [1], 23-cis-p-coumaroyltormentic acid [2], 3-o-trans-caffeoyltormentic acid [3], and 3-o-trans-p-coumaroylrotundic acid [4], in addition to three common ursolic acid derivatives 5, 6, and 7. an investigation of the antiviral properties of compounds 1-7 revealed that only 3 significantly reduced rhinovirus infection. the compounds were ineffec ... | 1992 | 1279126 |
| [effect of various adamantane compounds on the reproduction of sindbis virus. isolation and properties of a resistant strain]. | rimantadine and its structural analogs, i. e. amide of 1-adamantane carboxylic acid (aaca) and 1-adamantane acetic acid amide, were shown to be able to inhibit reproduction of sindbis virus in culture vero cells. aaca had the maximum antiviral activity. subcultures of the initial sensitive population of sindbis virus in the presence of aaca led to formation of mutants resistant to aaca as well as to rimantadine, adamantane acetic acid amide and ammonium chloride. the sindbis virus population was ... | 1992 | 1296534 |
| [the antiviral action of a modified bacterial ribonuclease]. | the antiviral activity of a bacterial ribonuclease conjugate with chitosane of kamchatka crab (in a form of water soluble chito-oligosaccharides) has been studied. the conjugate inhibitory activity for a and b viruses as well as to sindbis arbovirus in tissue cultures is shown. the preparation efficiency at intramuscular and intranasal administration was observed at experimental influenza infection of white mice. | 1992 | 1302513 |
| effect of low-nacl medium on the envelope glycoproteins of sindbis virus. | lowering the nacl concentration of the medium inhibits the release of sindbis virus from infected chicks cells at a stage after the nucleocapsids have bound to the membranes of the infected cells. the failure of trypsin treatment to release the inhibited virus and the ratio of the proteins in the inhibited cells make it seem likely that the inhibited virus is all intracellular. experiments using antisera specific for e1 and e2, the envelope glycoproteins of sindbis, suggest that the inhibitory e ... | 1978 | 642072 |
| divergent envelope e2 alphavirus sequences spanning amino acids 297 to 352 induce in mice virus-specific protective immunity and antibodies with complement-mediated cytolytic activity. | we have proposed a general algorithm for identification of potential immunoprotective domains (cassettes) on the envelope e2 polypeptide of alphaviruses (h. grosfeld, b. velan, m. leitner, s. cohen, s. lustig, b.e. lachmi, and a. shafferman, j. virol. 63:3416-3422, 1989). to assess the generality of our approach, we compared analogous e2 cassettes from sindbis virus (sin) and semliki forest virus (sfv), two alphaviruses which are philogenetically very remote. the antigenically distinct sfv e2 an ... | 1992 | 1309890 |
| utilization of heterologous alphavirus junction sequences as promoters by sindbis virus. | we used sindbis virus, an alphavirus, as a model to study the evolution of the recognition of viral cis-acting sequences. during the life cycle of alphaviruses, a full-length minus-strand rna is made and serves as a template for both genomic rna replication and subgenomic mrna transcription. transcription initiates at an internal promoter site, the junction sequence, to produce a subgenomic mrna. the junction sequences of alphaviruses are highly conserved, but they do contain a number of base di ... | 1992 | 1309918 |
| solvent/detergent-treated plasma: a virus-inactivated substitute for fresh frozen plasma. | fresh frozen plasma (ffp) is prepared in blood banks world-wide as a by-product of red blood cell concentrate preparation. appropriate clinical use is for coagulation factor disorders where appropriate concentrates are unavailable and when multiple coagulation factor deficits occur such as in surgery. viral safety depends on donor selection and screening; thus, there continues to be a small but defined risk of viral transmission comparable with that exhibited by whole blood. we have prepared a v ... | 1992 | 1310064 |
| cross protection among togaviruses in nude mice and littermates. | after immunization with sindbis virus, t-cell deficient nude mice, compared to normal littermates, were equally protected against challenge with sindbis virus. however, the nude mice showed about one-tenth the protection observed with normal littermates after challenge with semliki forest virus at a dose of 100 ld50. this consistent with our previous interpretation that sensitized t-cell populations play a major role in cross protection between the two togaviruses. the remaining low level of spe ... | 1979 | 316446 |
| expression of the nonstructural proteins of sindbis virus in insect cells by a baculovirus vector. | the genome of sindbis virus encodes the polypeptides that are required for the replication and transcription of the virus rna in infected cells. these polypeptides are translated as a polyprotein that is co- and post-translationally cleaved by an autoproteinase to give rise to four polypeptides designated nsp1, nsp2, nsp3 and nsp4. we have initiated a study of the functions of these proteins by expressing them in the autographa californica baculovirus polyhedrin expression system. spodoptera fru ... | 1992 | 1320794 |
| isolation of a cell line for rapid and sensitive histochemical assay for the detection of herpes simplex virus. | a cell line which can be used in a simple, sensitive, and rapid histochemical assay was isolated for detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv). the cell line was derived by selection of g418 resistant colonies following co-transfection of baby hamster kidney cells with a plasmid which contains a g418 antibiotic resistance marker and a plasmid which contains the escherichia coli lacz gene placed behind an inducible hsv promoter. the promoter is from hsv-1ul39 which encodes icp6, the large subunit o ... | 1992 | 1325470 |
| [the identification of alphaviruses by using cdna probes complementary to the 3'-terminal of the viral genome]. | venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, eastern equine encephalomyelitis and sindbis viruses, as well as members of various serological groups of alphaviruses were identified using synthesized molecular probes complementary to 3'-terminus of the molecule of the appropriate genomic rna: 32p-single-stranded kdna and e. coli-cloned 32p-double-stranded kdna. a high species-specificity of kdna-probes was demonstrated. the sensitivity of the method was 1 ng of viral rna overlayed on the nitrocellulose fi ... | 1992 | 1332260 |
| identification of a sequence element in the alphavirus core protein which mediates interaction of cores with ribosomes and the disassembly of cores. | early in infection core protein is transferred from alphavirus cores to ribosomes (wengler and wengler, 1984, virology 134, 435-442) and it has been suggested that ribosome binding is a property of alphavirus core protein which is involved in core disassembly. here we describe in vitro analyses of this transfer. sindbis virus cores, incubated with ribosomes either in a reticulocyte lysate or in buffer, are disassembled with a concomitant transfer of core protein to the large ribosomal subunit. p ... | 1992 | 1333127 |
| structure-activity studies of photoactivated antiviral and cytotoxic tricyclic thiophenes. | the photoactivated antiviral and cytotoxic activities of the naturally occurring thiophene, alpha-terthienyl (1), and 15 synthetic analogues were evaluated against murine cytomegalovirus and sindbis virus, and murine mastocytoma cells. after irradiation with near uv light, alpha-terthienyl and most of its analogues had significant toxicity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the range of 0.02-40 microm. in the absence of near uv irradiation, only one analogue had antiviral activity and fi ... | 1992 | 1333615 |
| characterization of a sinbis virus variant with altered host range. | a variant of sindbis virus which is much more infectious for mouse cells than the standard virus has been examined for biochemical properties which might be responsible for this biological difference. the variant has a much enhanced ability to adsorb to mouse plasmacytoma (mopc 315) cells, but when these cells were pretreated with heparin, they were able to adsorb the standard virus almost as well as the variant. this suggested that there was a surface charge difference between variant and stand ... | 1978 | 708264 |
| susceptibility of aedes krombeini cell line to some arboviruses. | the susceptibility of the newly established ae. krombeini cell line (nivi-ak-453) to six arboviruses, belonging to four different families, was studied. sindbis (sind), vesicular stomatitis (vsv) chandipura (chp) and african horse sickness (ahs) viruses multiplied in these cultures. a four-to-five-fold increase in the virus titres was observed. the maximum titre of sind, vsv, chp and ahs viruses were observed on 1st, 4th, 3rd and 10th post infection days, respectively. a steady and significant i ... | 1992 | 1335966 |
| expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in aedes albopictus (c6/36) cells using a non-infectious sindbis virus expression vector. | genomic rna was transcribed in vitro from the non-infectious sindbis (sin) virus expression vector (ptrcat) and introduced into c6/36 (aedes albopictus) cells by liposome-mediated transfections. the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) polypeptide expressed within cells was detected by an indirect immunofluorescent assay directly into 24-well polystyrene tissue culture plates. approximately 1 in 1000 c6/36 cells showed fluorescence when the transfection was optimized. cat enzyme activity was ... | 1992 | 1343776 |
| a novel variant of sindbis virus is both neurovirulent and neuroinvasive in adult mice. | a strain of sindbis virus (sv), recently isolated from mosquitoes in israel, was used as a source for variants which differ in neuroinvasiveness and virulence that were generated by serial passage of sv in suckling and weanling mouse brain. at the 15th passage a neurovirulent variant was observed and designated svn (neurovirulent). after 7 more passages in weanling mouse brains, another variant was observed and designated svni (neuroinvasive) and both were isolated and purified. all strains caus ... | 1992 | 1346243 |