Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| human rotavirus vaccine is highly efficacious when coadministered with routine expanded program of immunization vaccines including oral poliovirus vaccine in latin america. | the efficacy of a rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis when coadministered with routine expanded program on immunization (epi) vaccines including oral polio vaccine (opv) was evaluated in this study. | 2011 | 21378594 |
| burden and typing of rotavirus group a in latin america and the caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis. | the efficacy of licensed rotavirus vaccines has only been shown against certain rotavirus group a (rv-a) types. it is critical to understand the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge) and its prevalent types to assess the potential impact of these vaccines in latin america and the caribbean (la&c). we performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of all the available evidence reported from 1990 to 2009 on the burden of rotavirus disease and strains circulating in la&c. eligible studies-185 ... | 2011 | 21384462 |
| a gastrointestinal rotavirus infection mouse model for immune modulation studies. | rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. the current study was conducted to assess whether colostrum containing rotavirus-specific antibodies (gastrogard-r-«) could protect against rotavirus infection. in addition, this illness model was used to study modulatory effects of intervention on several immune parameters after re-infection. | 2011 | 21385425 |
| the burden of rotavirus disease in denmark 2009-2010. | this study sought to determine the incidence and the burden of severe diarrheal disease in denmark with emphasis on rotavirus (rv) disease. | 2011 | 21386748 |
| results from a randomized clinical trial of coadministration of rotateq, a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, and neisvac-c, a meningococcal serogroup c conjugate vaccine. | rotateq (merck & co. inc./sanofi pasteur msd) is a three-dose, oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine for the immunization of infants from 6 weeks of age for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis. the primary objective of the present trial was to demonstrate that rotateq can be coadministered with meningococcal serogroup c conjugate vaccine (mencc; neisvac-c; baxter healthcare) to healthy infants without impairing the protective immune responses to mencc. this was an open-label, randomized, co ... | 2011 | 21389149 |
| viral agents associated with acute gastroenteritis in seoul, korea. | the present study was carried out to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of viral gastroenteritis and determine the phylogenetic composition of norovirus strains detected in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in seoul, korea. | 2011 | 21391466 |
| rotavirus and norovirus infections in children in sana'a, yemen. | to describe the epidemiology of rotavirus and norovirus infection among children with acute gastroenteritis in sana'a, yemen. | 2011 | 21392189 |
| molecular characterization of group a rotaviruses detected in children with gastroenteritis in ireland in 2006-2009. | summarycommunity and hospital-acquired cases of human rotavirus are responsible for millions of gastroenteritis cases in children worldwide, chiefly in developing countries, and vaccines are now available. during surveillance activity for human rotavirus infections in ireland, between 2006 and 2009, a total of 420 rotavirus strains were collected and analysed. upon either pcr genotyping and sequence analysis, a variety of vp7 (g1-g4 and g9) and vp4 (p[4], p[6], p[8] and p[9]) genotypes were dete ... | 2011 | 21396145 |
| an unusual outbreak of rotavirus genotype g2p[6] during the 2005-2006 epidemic season in philadelphia. | most rotavirus gastroenteritis is caused by g1p[8] strains. when g2 infections are encountered, the p type has most often been reported to be p[4]. the purpose of our study was to describe an unusual outbreak of g2p[6] cases. children presenting to the children's hospital of philadelphia with acute gastroenteritis have been monitored for rotavirus antigen in stool by elisa (with g-typing if elisa positive) since 1994-1995. compared to the last 12 rotavirus seasons before the 2006 introduction of ... | 2011 | 21398071 |
| rotavirus toxin nsp4 induces diarrhea by activation of tmem16a and inhibition of na+ absorption. | rotavirus infection is the most frequent cause for severe diarrhea in infants, killing more than 600,000 every year. the nonstructural protein nsp4 acts as a rotavirus enterotoxin, inducing secretory diarrhea without any structural organ damage. electrolyte transport was assessed in the colonic epithelium from pups and adult mice using ussing chamber recordings. western blots and immunocytochemistry was performed in intestinal tissues from wild-type and tmem16a knockout mice. ion channel current ... | 2011 | 21399895 |
| three clusters of bovine kobuvirus isolated in korea, 2008-2010. | fecal samples (n = 107) were collected from cattle with ascertained or suspected diarrheal disease on korean farms during 2008-2010. of these, 37 samples tested positive for bovine kobuvirus. the 37 positive samples came from 32 cattle that exhibited diarrhea and five cattle that were non-diarrhetic. the majority of the virus-positive feces samples were from calves under 1 month of age (n = 25). nine of the 37 cattle infected with bovine kobuvirus were confirmed to have a co-infection with other ... | 2011 | 21399921 |
| [pathogenesis of acute encephalitis and acute encephalopathy]. | many aspects of the pathogenesis of acute encephalitis and acute encephalopathy have been clarified in this decade, although many unknown mechanisms remain to be elucidated. according to progress of mri and neuroimmunological analysis and the observation of clinical findings, many new syndromes were found, which enhanced our understanding of acute encephalitis and acute encephalopathy. the pathogenesis of encephalitis is divided into infection and immune mediated mechanisms. the antibodies to ne ... | 2011 | 21400830 |
| [rota virus encephalopathy]. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children, but the pathogenesis and immunity of this disease are not completely understood. less well recognized is the association of rotavirus-induced central nervous system (cns) involvement, which has been associated with seizure, encephalopathy and death etc. the term 'rotavirus encephalopathy' has been used for cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis with cns involvement as evidenced by clinical features of encephalopathy with ... | 2011 | 21400834 |
| successful sanitation of an edim-infected mouse colony by breeding cessation. | despite decreasing prevalence, rotavirus infections still rank among the most important viral infections in colonies of laboratory mice. although the disease is characterized by low mortality and a relatively short and mild clinical period, the infection has the potential to alter the outcome of experiments substantially. for animal facilities, it is therefore essential to eradicate the virus. here we report a successful sanitation of a rotavirus-infected mouse colony in an animal facility. desp ... | 2011 | 21402733 |
| [annual incidence of human group a rotavirus g-serotypes detected in a japanese university hospital between 2003 and 2007]. | group a rotavirus g-serotyping by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using university hospital subject samples in september 2003 to august 2004, september 2004 to august 2005, september 2005 to august 2006, and september 2006 to august 2007 showed the most common serotypes g1 and g3, detected in 27 and 33 subjects, compared to 4 subjects in whom serotype g4 was detected. between 2003 and 2004, serotypes g1 accounted for 50% and g3 for 38%, contrasting with serotype g3 at 79% between 2004 and 2005, ... | 2011 | 21404601 |
| etiology of diarrhea in young children and patterns of antibiotic resistance in cambodia. | little is known about diarrhea etiology and antibiotic resistance in developing countries where diarrhea is a major public health problem. | 2011 | 21412204 |
| biofilms in drinking water and their role as reservoir for pathogens. | most microorganisms on earth live in various aggregates which are generally termed "biofilms". they are ubiquitous and represent the most successful form of life. they are the active agent in biofiltration and the carriers of the self-cleaning potential in soils, sediments and water. they are also common on surfaces in technical systems where they sometimes cause biofouling. in recent years it has become evident that biofilms in drinking water distribution networks can become transient or long-t ... | 2011 | 21697011 |
| rotavirus in a wild english red squirrel (sciurus vulgaris) identified by electron microscopy. | 2011 | 21821691 | |
| intra-genotypic diversity of archival g4p[8] human rotaviruses from washington, dc. | group a human rotaviruses (rvs) remain the most frequently detected viral agents associated with acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. despite their medical importance, relatively few complete genome sequences have been determined for commonly circulating g/p-type strains (i.e., g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], g4p[8], and g9p[8]). in the current study, we sequenced the genomes of 11 g4p[8] isolates from stool specimens that were collected in washington, dc during the years of 1974-1991. w ... | 2011 | 21712102 |
| osteopontin upregulation in rotavirus-induced murine biliary atresia requires replicating virus but is not necessary for development of biliary atresia. | biliary atresia (ba) is a progressive fibro-inflammatory pediatric liver disease in which osteopontin (opn), a glycoprotein with inflammatory and fibrogenic activity, may play a pathogenic role. the current studies were conducted in a mouse model of rotavirus-induced ba to test the hypotheses that live but not inactivated rotavirus causes antigenemia, upregulation of hepatic opn expression, and induction of ba and fibrosis; and that opn is necessary for development of ba. prolonged or transient ... | 2011 | 21742364 |
| investigations of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) in vaccine-related and other cell lines. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) is highly prevalent in swine and was recently reported in u.s. licensed rotavirus vaccines. since animal-derived raw materials, such as cells, trypsin, and serum, can be a major source of introducing virus contamination in biological products, we have investigated pcv1 in several cell lines obtained from atcc that have broad use in research, diagnostics, or vaccine development. it is expected that these cell lines have been exposed to bovine and porcine viruses d ... | 2011 | 21835219 |
| clinical features and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus and norovirus infections in libyan children. | rotaviruses and noroviruses are leading viral causes of diarrhoea in children. a cross-sectional study was undertaken among children aged <5 years with acute gastroenteritis at al-jala children's hospital, tripoli, libya, from october 2007 to september 2008. of 1,090 fecal samples collected, 260 from inpatients and 830 from outpatients, all inpatients and approximately a third of outpatients, selected systematically, were investigated for rotavirus and norovirus infection by elisa and real-time ... | 2011 | 21837804 |
| the incidence and direct medical cost of hospitalization due to rotavirus gastroenteritis in kyoto, japan, as estimated from a retrospective hospital study. | anticipating imminent licensure of rotavirus vaccine for use in japan, we estimated the incidence of rotavirus hospitalization and calculated the direct medical cost associated with rotavirus hospitalization in a hospital that provided virtually exclusive pediatric beds to the local community adjacent to the northern outskirts of metropolitan kyoto, japan. for a 2 year period between september, 2008 and august, 2010, there were 103 hospitalizations due to acute gastroenteritis among children les ... | 2011 | 21821087 |
| identification of a novel biomarker candidate, a 4.8-kda peptide fragment from a neurosecretory protein vgf precursor, by proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from children with acute encephalopathy using seldi-tof-ms. | abstract: background: acute encephalopathy includes rapid deterioration and has a poor prognosis. early intervention is essential to prevent progression of the disease and subsequent neurologic complications. however, in the acute period, true encephalopathy cannot easily be differentiated from febrile seizures, especially febrile seizures of the complex type. thus, an early diagnostic marker has been sought in order to enable early intervention. the purpose of this study was to identify a novel ... | 2011 | 21838886 |
| identification of an antibody binding epitope on the rotavirus non-structural protein nsp2 using phage display analysis. | the nsp2 of rotavirus has important roles in rotavirus replication associated with rna binding, hydrolysis of ntps and rna, and helix destabilising properties. a cell culture assay using a nsp2 specific monoclonal antibody (mab) and polyclonal antiserum to block viral replication showed a 73% and a 96% reduction in the amount of virus produced during replication respectively. phage display technology was used to identify the antibody binding region on the nsp2 protein with the motif (244)t-(y/f) ... | 2011 | 21697352 |
| rotavirus-induced ifn-{beta} promotes anti-viral signaling and apoptosis that modulate viral replication in intestinal epithelial cells. | rotavirus (rv), a leading cause of diarrhea, primarily infects intestinal epithelial cells (iec). rotavirus-infected iec produce ifn-+¦ and express hundreds of ifn-dependent genes. we thus hypothesized that type 1 ifn plays a key role in helping iec limit rv replication and/or protect against cell death. to test this hypothesis, we examined iec (ht29 cells) infected with rv (moi 1) -¦ neutralizing antibodies to ifn-+¦/+¦ via microscopy and sds-page immunoblotting. we hypothesized that neutraliza ... | 2011 | 21733977 |
| randomized, open-label, multicentre pharmacokinetic studies of two dose levels of pantoprazole granules in infants and children aged 1 month through <6 years with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. | the primary objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of pantoprazole delayed-release granules in infants and children aged 1 month to <6 years with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord). the studies described in this manuscript were conducted to fulfil the requirements of the paediatric written request for pantoprazole by the us fda. | 2011 | 21740077 |
| case report: detection of rotavirus rna in the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with rotavirus gastroenteritis and meningism. | although case reports have described detection of rotavirus (rv) in extraintestinal sites such as the liver, kidney, and central nervous system (cns) of children with rv gastroenteritis, cns localization in rv infection seems to be rare. rt-pcr and nucleotide sequencing detected a g1p[8] strain in the stool and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples of a patient with concurrent rv-associated enteritis and cns signs. upon sequence analysis, the viruses detected in the csf was identical to the virus de ... | 2011 | 21739456 |
| one-step rt-qpcr with an internal control system for the detection of turkey rotaviruses in faecal samples. | turkey rotaviruses are one of the major pathogens responsible for the poult enteritis syndrome (pes). in this study a one step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) assay targeting the rotaviral non-structural protein 4 (nsp4) was developed. the nsp4 is a highly conserved gene inside the turkey rotavirus genome and contains an internal control system to monitor any potential rt-qpcr inhibitors. the detection limit of the optimized nsp4-rt-qpcr assay ranged from 8.15 ... | 2011 | 21816176 |
| genotype diversity of group a rotavirus strains in children with acute diarrhea in urban burkina faso, 2008-2010. | in this study, the diversity of g and p genotypes of rotavirus strains in burkinabe children were examined. between november 2008 and february 2010, 447 stool samples were collected from children <5 years of age with acute diarrhea visiting hospital in ouagadougou. group a rotavirus was previously detected in 151/447 (33.8%) of the samples tested by an immunochromatographic test and these samples were now tested further for rotavirus g and p genotypes by rt-pcr. of these, the rotavirus type gene ... | 2011 | 21678452 |
| cost-effectiveness of universal rotavirus vaccination in reducing rotavirus gastroenteritis in ireland. | we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of universal infant rotavirus (rv) vaccination compared to current standard of care of "no vaccination". two rv vaccines are currently licensed in ireland: rotarixôäó and rotateqôäó. a cohort model used in several european countries was adapted using irish epidemiological, resource utilisation and cost data. the base case model considers the impact of rotarix vaccination on health-related quality of life of children under five years old from a healthcare payer ... | 2011 | 21821085 |
| circovirus and impact of temporary withdrawal of rotavirus vaccines in spain. | at the beginning of 2010 dna fragments of a porcine circovirus 1 (pcv-1) were detected in the monovalent rotavirus vaccine, rotarix-« (glaxosmithkline), and later also of pcv-1 and pcv-2 in the rotateq-« (msd) vaccine. these viruses are frequently found in meat and other products for normal human consumption and have not been shown to cause disease in humans. although the world health organization (who) and the european medicines agency (ema) did not recommended discontinuation of vaccination ag ... | 2011 | 21715979 |
| complications in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus: a retrospective analysis. | acute gastroenteritis (age) caused by rotavirus (rv) is a common disease among infants and toddlers, often leading to hospitalization and, in resource-poor countries, to death. however, little is known on specific complications of severe rv-positive (rv+) age and on the clinical course in chronically ill children. this was a retrospective analysis of data for children <5-áyears of age hospitalized due to age during six rotavirus seasons in three large german pediatric hospitals. the primary stud ... | 2011 | 21833497 |
| comparative evaluation of the potential impact of rotavirus versus hpv vaccination in gavi-eligible countries: a preliminary analysis focused on the relative disease burden. | immunization policymakers at global and local levels need to establish priorities among new vaccines competing for limited resources. however, comparison of the potential impact of single vaccination programs is challenging, primarily due to the limited number of vaccine analyses as well as their differing analytic approaches and reporting formats. the purpose of this study is to provide early insight into how the comparative impact of different new vaccines could be assessed in resource-poor se ... | 2011 | 21679420 |
| astrovirus infections in humans and animals - molecular biology, genetic diversity, and interspecies transmissions. | astroviruses are small, non-enveloped, positive sense, single-stranded rna viruses first identified in 1975 in children suffering from diarrhea and then described in a wide variety of animals. to date, the list of animal species susceptible to astrovirus infection has expanded to 22 animal species or families, including domestic, synantropic and wild animals, avian, and mammalian species in the terrestrial and aquatic environments. astrovirus infections are considered among the most common cause ... | 2011 | 21843659 |
| infection: preventing 5 million child deaths from diarrhea in the next 5 years. | 2011 | 21725348 | |
| enteric vaccines for resource-limited countries: current status and future prospects. | 2011 | 21736257 | |
| use of the state immunization information system to assess rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in connecticut, 2006-2008. | immunization information systems (iis) contain individual vaccination records and have potential use for evaluating post-licensure vaccine effectiveness (ve). a matched case-control study was performed by using the connecticut state iis to calculate rotavirus ve against hospitalization; results were compared with pre-licensure efficacy and with estimates previously obtained by traditional case-control methods using matched controls from medical sources and medical chart abstracted data. case-pat ... | 2011 | 21723356 |
| iron oxide amended biosand filters for virus removal. | laboratory studies were performed to determine if the addition of iron oxides throughout biosand filter (bsf) media would increase virus removal due to adsorption. the proposed mechanism is electrostatic adsorption of negatively charged virion particles to positively charged iron oxides formed during the corrosion of zerovalent iron. initial tests conducted using continuous flow, small-scale glass columns showed high ms2 bacteriophage removal in an iron-amended sand column (5log10) compared to a ... | 2011 | 21708394 |
| comparative review of three cost-effectiveness models for rotavirus vaccines in national immunization programs; a generic approach applied to various regions in the world. | abstract: | 2011 | 21740545 |
| intussusception risk and health benefits of rotavirus vaccination in mexico and brazil. | because postlicensure surveillance determined that a previous rotavirus vaccine, rotashield, caused intussusception in 1 of every 10,000 recipients, we assessed the association of the new monovalent rotavirus vaccine (rv1) with intussusception after routine immunization of infants in mexico and brazil. | 2011 | 21675888 |
| rotavirus vaccination and intussusception--act two. | 2011 | 21675894 | |
| nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in a canadian paediatric hospital: incidence, disease burden and patients affected. | rotavirus is a well-recognised nosocomial pathogen in paediatric settings. although rotavirus gastroenteritis is a vaccine-preventable disease, there is currently no publicly funded programme in canada. the objective of this study was to inform rotavirus vaccination strategy by determining the incidence of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis (nrvge), estimating the burden of disease and characterising the patients affected. we performed a retrospective cohort study of all nrvge cases over a per ... | 2011 | 21723643 |
| viruses exploiting peroxisomes. | viruses that are of great importance for global public health, including hiv, influenza and rotavirus, appear to exploit a remarkable organelle, the peroxisome, during intracellular replication in human cells. peroxisomes are sites of lipid biosynthesis and catabolism, reactive oxygen metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. viral proteins are targeted to peroxisomes (the spike protein of rotavirus) or interact with peroxisomal proteins (hiv's nef and influenza's ns1) or use the peroxisomal mem ... | 2011 | 21824805 |
| experimental infection of pigs with group a rotavirus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in india: gross, histopathological and immunopathological study. | the authors describe a detailed study conducted in assam, india, of gross, histopathological and immunopathological alterations in pigs experimentally infected with rotavirus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) expressing k88 pili. a total of 30 caesarean derived piglets were infected experimentally with rotavirus alone or in combination with etec to study the gross and histopathological alterations and the distribution pattern of different b- and t cell subsets in the gut. villus atroph ... | 2011 | 21706463 |
| characterization of human rotavirus subgroups and serotypes in children under five with acute gastroenteritis in a saudi hospital. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children. currently, there is no published data on the prevalence of subgroups and serotypes of rotavirus in the eastern province of saudi arabia. the objectives of the present study were to assess the rotavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis and to assess the subgroups and serotypes of rotavirus in the children and maternity hospital in dammam, eastern saudi arabia. | 2011 | 21694956 |
| etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children requiring hospitalization in the netherlands. | infectious gastroenteritis causes a considerable burden of disease worldwide. costs due to gastroenteritis are dominated by the hospitalized cases. effective control of gastroenteritis should be targeted at the diseases with the highest burden and costs. for that, an accurate understanding of the relative importance of the different bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens is needed. the objective of the present study was to determine the incidence and etiology of gastroenteritis requiring hosp ... | 2011 | 21725865 |
| Noroviruses as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in Finland, 2009-2010. | Abstract Noroviruses are, after rotaviruses, the second most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. In a prospective study conducted in 2009-2010 at the Tampere University Hospital, 195 stool specimens were collected from cases of acute gastroenteritis in children and examined for noroviruses, sapoviruses, and rotaviruses, using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Noroviruses were found in 49 (25%) of the cases and sapoviruses in 12 (6%). The norovirus g ... | 2011 | 21696253 |
| rotavirus vaccination in germany: analysis of nationwide surveillance data 2006 to 2010. | background:: efficacy of rotavirus (rv) vaccination is difficult to assess outside of controlled clinical trials. in countries with low-to-moderate rv vaccination coverage, annual variation in rv outbreak might have a stronger influence on morbidity than rv vaccination. methods:: we analyzed german rv surveillance data from 2006 to 2010 in the 16 federal states of germany. to overcome the bias of annual variation of rv infections, we analyzed the effects of rv vaccination in germany by comparing ... | 2011 | 21817956 |
| impact of early life exposures to geohelminth infections on the development of vaccine immunity, allergic sensitization, and allergic inflammatory diseases in children living in tropical ecuador: the ecuavida birth cohort study. | geohelminth infections are highly prevalent infectious diseases of childhood in many regions of the tropics, and are associated with significant morbidity especially among pre-school and school-age children. there is growing concern that geohelminth infections, particularly exposures occurring during early life in utero through maternal infections or during infancy, may affect vaccine immunogenicity in populations among whom these infections are endemic. further, the low prevalence of allergic d ... | 2011 | 21714922 |
| genetic divergence and classification of nonstructural protein 1 among porcine rotaviruses of species b. | porcine rotavirus b (rvb) has been often detected in diarrhea of suckling and weaned pigs. moreover, epidemiological studies using elisa demonstrated high antibody prevalence in sera from sows, indicating that rvb infections are widespread. because it is difficult to serially propagate rvbs in cell culture, genetic analysis of rna segments of porcine rvbs other than those encoding vp7 and nsp2 has been scarcely performed. we conducted sequence and phylogenetic analyses focusing on nonstructural ... | 2011 | 21832005 |
| the occurrence of amino acid substitutions d96n and s242n in vp7 of emergent g2p[4] rotaviruses in nepal in 2004-2005: a global and evolutionary perspective. | rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea among children worldwide. strains with g2p[4] have captured recent attention because of its abrupt increase or re-emergence in many locations in the world. in nepal, g2p[4] strains were detected at a rate of 1% in 2003-2004, but increased to 33% in 2004-2005. thus, the vp7 genes of 45 emergent g2 strains from nepal were sequenced and analyzed together with a total of 339 g2vp7 sequences detected over the last 34-áyears that were compiled from the ... | 2011 | 21842161 |
| molecular characterization of rotavirus strains from children with diarrhea in italy, 2007-2009. | the surveillance network rotanet-italia was established in 2007 in order to investigate the diversity of co-circulating rotavirus strains in italy, and to provide a baseline for future assessment of possible effects of vaccine implementation in selecting novel versus common rotavirus strains. a total of 2,645 rotavirus strains from pediatric patients with acute diarrhea were collected over three consecutive seasons from september 2006 through august 2009, and partially characterized by standardi ... | 2011 | 21739459 |
| phylogenetic analysis of rotavirus a nsp2 gene sequences and evidence of intragenic recombination. | the rotavirus non-structural protein nsp2 is one of the earliest and most abundant viral proteins produced during infection. this protein has multiple essential roles in the replication cycle involving rna binding, viroplasm formation, helicase and can hydrolyse the +¦-phosphate of rna and ntps acting as an rtpase and ntpase. in studying sequences from rotavirus strains isolated in australia between 1984 and 2009, the nsp2 gene was seen to be highly conserved and clustered with defined nsp2 geno ... | 2011 | 21689784 |
| baseline estimates of diarrhea-associated mortality among united states children before rotavirus vaccine introduction. | objectives:: deaths due to diarrhea among us children declined substantially from the 1960s through the 1980s, but have not been recently assessed. we examined diarrhea-associated mortality among young us children from 1992 to 2006 to establish baseline estimates through which the effect of rotavirus vaccines, introduced in 2006, can be assessed. methods:: national center for health statistics multiple cause-of-death mortality data were used to examine diarrhea-associated deaths and death rates ... | 2011 | 21691244 |
| hospital-based study of the economic burden associated with rotavirus diarrhea in eastern china. | rotavirus infection is one of the most common causes of severe diarrhea in china. to evaluate the economic burden associated with rotavirus infection of children in china, we combined data on the disease burden of rotavirus-associated costs for samples comprising 832 outpatients and 604 inpatients from five seaside cities. the average social costs and direct medical costs for rotavirus-associated admissions were calculated to be us $61.64 and us $40.73 for outpatients, and us $684.15 and us $559 ... | 2011 | 21843578 |
| incidence of intussusception in early infancy: a capture-recapture estimate for germany. | background: rotavirus (rv) vaccination with the first generation vaccine (rotashield) has been associated with intussusception (is). reliable age specific baseline incidence data for children ôëñ6 months of age in particular is fundamental for further post marketing monitoring of potential effects of recently introduced new rv vaccines. methods: is incidence was estimated by a 2-source capture-recapture calculation (crc) based on esped (german paediatric surveillance unit) reports and on hospita ... | 2011 | 21698555 |
| direct and indirect effects of rotavirus vaccination upon childhood hospitalizations in 3 us counties, 2006-2009. | routine rotavirus vaccination of us infants began in 2006. we conducted active, population-based surveillance for rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalizations in 3 us counties to assess vaccine impact. | 2011 | 21705316 |
| effects of viscogens on rna transcription inside reovirus particles. | the dsrna genome of mammalian reovirus (mrv), like the dsdna genomes of herpesviruses and many bacteriophages, is packed inside its icosahedral capsid in liquid-crystalline form, with concentrations near or more than 400 mg/ml. viscosity in such environments must be high, but the relevance of viscosity for the macromolecular processes occurring there remains poorly characterized. here, we describe the use of simple viscogens, glycerol and sucrose, to examine their effects on rna transcription in ... | 2011 | 21719697 |
| cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in bolivia from the state perspective. | background: in bolivia, the under-five mortality rate is 54 per 1000 live births. diarrhea causes 15% of these deaths, and 40% of pediatric diarrhea-related hospitalizations are caused by rotavirus illness (ri). rotavirus vaccination (rv), subsidized by international donors, is expected to reduce morbidity, mortality, and economic burden to the bolivian state. estimates of the illness and economic burden of ri and their reduction by rv are essential to the bolivian state's policies on rv program ... | 2011 | 21624421 |
| bug breakfast in the bulletin: rotavirus. | 2011 | 21632006 | |
| enteric pathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in tripoli-libya. | abstract. stool samples from children < 5 years of age with diarrhea (n = 239) were examined for enteric pathogens using a combination of culture, enzyme-immunoassay, and polymerase chain reaction methods. pathogens were detected in 122 (51%) stool samples; single pathogens were detected in 37.2% and co-pathogens in 13.8% of samples. norovirus, rotavirus, and diarrheagenic escherichia coli (dec) were the most frequently detected pathogens (15.5%, 13.4%, and 11.2%, respectively); salmonella, aden ... | 2011 | 21633024 |
| Productive infection of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by porcine circovirus type 1. | Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), a small DNA virus in pigs, recently gained its notoriety when commercial human rotavirus vaccines were discovered to be contaminated by infectious PCV1. Here we report, for the first time, definitive evidence of productive PCV1 infection in a subclone of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh-7, subclone 10-3). Infectious virus was detected in the lysates of infected Huh-7 cells by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and can be serially passaged in Huh-7-S10-3 ... | 2011 | 21742002 |
| Treatment of Acute Diarrhea With Saccharomyces Boulardii in Infants: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial. | OBJECTIVES:: To determine if an oral treatment with a commercial pharmaceutical product containing Saccharomyces boulardii would reduce the duration of diarrhea in infants with acute diarrhea. MATERIAL AND METHODS:: In this double-bind, placebo controlled study, 186 infants, 6 to 48 months old and hospitalized within 72ÔÇèhours after the onset of acute diarrhea in two hospitals in Goi+ónia, Goi+ís, Brazil, were randomly assigned to receive twice a day during five days 200ÔÇèmg of a commercial ph ... | 2011 | 21734600 |
| extraction of food-borne viruses from food samples: a review. | detection of food-borne viruses such as noroviruses, rotaviruses and hepatitis a virus in food products differs from detection of most food-borne bacteria, as most of these viruses cannot be cultivated in cell culture to date. therefore, detection of food-borne viruses in food products requires multiple steps: first, virus extraction; second, purification of the viral genomic material (rna for the majority of food-borne viruses); and last, molecular detection. this review is focused on the first ... | 2011 | 22137685 |
| Prospective evaluation of indirect costs due to acute rotavirus gastroenteritis in Spain: the ROTACOST study. | The effect of rotavirus in developed countries is mainly economic. This study aimed to assess the indirect costs induced by rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (RVAGE) in Spain. | 2011 | 21917176 |
| comparing electron microscopy and a competitive blocking elisa in the detection of rotaviruses in porcine faeces. | analysis of 476 faecal samples from diarrhoeic piglets was performed using electron microscopy (em) and a competitive blocking (cb)-elisa based on monoclonal antibodies to the vp6 protein of group a rotavirus. rotavirus was detected by em and/or cb-elisa in 111 (23.3%) samples. of these, all groups of rotavirus were identified in 83 (74.8%) samples by em (em+), while group a rotavirus was identified in 90 (81.1%) samples by cb-elisa (elisa+). however, only 62 (55.9%) of samples were positive usi ... | 2011 | 20036588 |
| improvement of intractable childhood epilepsy following acute viral infection. | in this study, we report 11 patients with intractable childhood epilepsy that improved following acute viral infection. the patients were 8 boys and 3 girls. six of the 11 children were diagnosed as west syndrome (5 of the symptomatic type and 1 of the cryptogenic type). the remaining 5 children were myoclonic seizures. the patients became seizure free within 6 days following acute viral infections without an exchange or addition of antiepileptic drugs (aeds). the types of acute viral infections ... | 2011 | 20144516 |
| improved immunogenicity of biodegradable polymer particles entrapped rotavirus vaccine. | rotavirus (rv) entrapped in polylactide (pla) and polylactide-coglycolide (plga) polymer particles were formulated and evaluated in mice for improved immunogenicity using oral, intranasal (in), and intramuscular (im) routes of administration. microparticles of size ranges between 1 and 8 µm were prepared using double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. stabilizers like mouse serum albumin, sucrose, and sodium bicarbonate that were used during particle formulation helped in minimizing the den ... | 2011 | 20207774 |
| probiotics. | the pharmacology, uses, dosages, safety, drug interactions, and contraindications of probiotics are reviewed. | 2010 | 20208051 |
| in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the efficacy of bovine colostrum against human rotavirus infection. | we found that skimmed and concentrated bovine late colostrum (scblc) obtained from normal cows at 6-7 d after parturition exhibited high potency in inhibiting replication of human rotavirus (hrv) in vitro. furthermore, prophylactic oral administration of scblc once before inoculation of hrv prevented the development of diarrhea in suckling mice in vivo. scblc from normal cows might be useful in the prevention of hrv-induced severe gastroenteritis in immunocompromised hosts. | 2010 | 20208370 |
| predominance of rotavirus g2p[4] and emergence of g12p[9] strains in asunción, paraguay, 2006-2007. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children worldwide. monitoring the diversity of rotavirus strains is of great importance for current and future vaccination programs. to determine the diversity of rotavirus circulating in asuncion, paraguay, between 2006 and 2007, we carried out a molecular characterization of rotaviruses detected in children <5 years old and adults (>18 years old). we found that the most common circulating strain was g2p[4] (69/143), followed by g9p[8] ( ... | 2010 | 20213281 |
| rotavirus nsp5 orchestrates recruitment of viroplasmic proteins. | rotavirus genome replication and the first steps of virus morphogenesis take place in cytoplasmic viral factories, called viroplasms, containing four structural (vp1, vp2, vp3 and vp6) and two non-structural (nsp2 and nsp5) proteins. nsp2 and nsp5 have been shown to be essential for viroplasm formation and, when co-expressed in uninfected cells, to form viroplasm-like structures (vls). in the present work, vls formation was shown upon co-expression of nsp5 with the core protein vp2 despite the a ... | 2010 | 20200190 |
| analysis of genetic diversity and molecular evolution of human group b rotaviruses based on whole genome segments. | group b rotavirus (gbr) is a rare enteric pathogen that causes severe diarrhoea, primarily in adults. nearly full-length sequences of all 11 rna segments were determined for human gbrs detected recently in india (idh-084 in 2007, ic-008 in 2008), bangladesh (bang117 in 2003) and myanmar (mmr-b1 in 2007), and analysed phylogenetically with the sequence data of gbrs reported previously. all rna segments of gbr strains from india, bangladesh and myanmar showed >95 % nucleotide sequence identities. ... | 2010 | 20200192 |
| meeting report: a celebration of the work of professor tony hart, liverpool, united kingdom, 7 march 2009. | over 300 delegates participated in this scientific meeting to celebrate the career of the late professor tony hart, who was head of department of medical microbiology, university of liverpool, from 1986 until his death in september 2007. the meeting, which was opened by professor james stewart (head, school of infection and host defence, university of liverpool) and closed by professor bernard brabin (head of the child health group, liverpool school of tropical medicine), captured some of the ma ... | 2010 | 20207719 |
| molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses in bulgaria: annual shift of the predominant genotype. | rotavirus molecular epidemiology investigations provide important information about the incidence of rotavirus diseases and rotavirus strains in circulation in the prevaccine era. the purpose of this investigation was to study the burden of rotavirus disease, rotavirus strain diversity, and epidemiology specificities of rotavirus infections in bulgaria. a total of 3,130 stools collected between 2005 and 2008 were tested by immune enzyme tests. g-p genotype identification of rotavirus strains wer ... | 2010 | 20217165 |
| molecular characterization of vp7 gene of human rotaviruses from bangladesh. | this study was carried out during july 2005-june 2006, to characterize rotaviruses circulating in bangladeshi children less than 5 years attended a peri-urban hospital. the proportion of rotavirus diarrhea was 39.5%. genotype g2 was dominant (45.5%) followed by g1 (24.8%), g12 (9.6%), g9 (8.5%), and g4 (2.1%). g2 were mainly in combination with p[4], g1 and g9 with p[8], and g12 with p[6]. phylogenetically bangladeshi g1, g2, and g12 were closely related with the respective types from india, whe ... | 2010 | 20217207 |
| 6th world congress of the world society for pediatric infectious diseases (wspid). | the 6th world congress of the world society for pediatric infectious diseases (wspid) was held in buenos aires, argentina between 18 and 22 november, 2009. this is one of the biggest pediatric infectious disease assemblies in the world and it brought together pediatricians and pediatric infectious disease and vaccine experts. numerous topics about pediatric infectious diseases were discussed during the congress. the scientific program focused on vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases, includi ... | 2010 | 20218854 |
| novel light-upon-extension real-time pcr assay for simultaneous detection, quantification, and genogrouping of group a rotavirus. | we have developed a light-upon-extension (lux) real-time pcr assay for detection, quantification, and genogrouping of group a rotavirus (rv), the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. the lux system uses a fluorophore attached to one primer and having a self-quenching hairpin structure, making it cost-effective and specific. we designed genogroup-specific primers having different fluorophores, making it possible to differentiate between the two main genogroups of human group a ... | 2010 | 20220154 |
| immunogenicity of a live-attenuated human rotavirus rix4414 vaccine with or without buffering agent. | aim: the lyophilized form of the human rotavirus rix4414 vaccine (rotarix()) is usually reconstituted with a liquid calcium carbonate (caco(3)) buffer and administered orally. however, errors in the reconstitution could occur (e.g. reconstituted with water instead of caco(3) buffer) or the buffer might be temporarily unavailable in few instances. this study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of the rix4414 vaccine if the vaccine was reconstituted with other agents (e.g., water) instead ... | 2010 | 20220306 |
| genotypic linkages of vp4, vp6, vp7, nsp4, nsp5 genes of rotaviruses circulating among children with acute gastroenteritis in thailand. | rotavirus is the main cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. surveillance of group a rotavirus has been conducted in chiang mai, thailand since 1987 up to 2004 and those studies revealed that group a rotavirus was responsible for about 20-61% of diarrheal diseases in hospitalized cases. in this study, we reported the continuing surveillance of group a rotavirus in 2005 and found that group a rotavirus was detected in 43 out of 147 (29.3%) stool samples. fiv ... | 2010 | 20223298 |
| impact of community-acquired paediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis on family life: data from the reveal study. | rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (age) and the most frequent cause of severe diarrhoea in children aged less than 5 years. although the epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge) is well documented, there are few data on the impact of rvge on the families of affected children. | 2010 | 20230601 |
| rotavirus gastroenteritis and strain diversity in saudi arabia. current status and future prospects. | to determine the epidemiological profile and strain diversity in the light of recent published studies to provide an updated comprehensive picture of the significance of the effect of this virus in saudi arabia. | 2010 | 20231932 |
| detection of human coronaviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis. | human coronaviruses (hcovs) are known respiratory pathogens. moreover, coronavirus-like particles have been seen by electron microscope in stools, and sars-hcov has been isolated from intestinal tissue and detected in stool samples. | 2010 | 20233673 |
| macrophages are targeted by rotavirus in experimental biliary atresia and induce neutrophil chemotaxis by mip2/cxcl2. | biliary atresia is an obstructive cholangiopathy of unknown etiology. although the adaptive immune system has been shown to regulate the obstruction of bile ducts in a rotavirus-induced mouse model, little is known about the virus-induced inflammatory response. here, we hypothesized that cholangiocytes secrete chemoattractants in response to rotavirus. to test this hypothesis, we infected cholangiocyte and macrophage cell lines with rhesus rotavirus type a (rrv), quantified cytokines and chemoki ... | 2010 | 20234283 |
| [a multicentric study of a lactose free formula supplemented with saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhea]. | in a double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicentric study, the study compared the efficacy of a specific adapted formula (lactose-free, high-mineral, low-osmolarity formula, containing rice and pectin fortified with saccharomyces boulardii) in the management of infants with acute diarrhea with a standard formula used to feed healthy infants from birth. | 2010 | 20236813 |
| convalescent phase sera from children infected with g12 rotavirus cross-neutralize rotavirus strains belonging to the wa genogroup. | the emergence of g12 rotaviruses raises questions about the ability of candidate vaccines in providing protection against such emerging genotypes. therefore, we assessed cross-neutralization against four reference rotavirus strains namely wa (g1p[8]), ds-1 (g2p[4]), 116e (g9p[11]) and rv024 (g12p[6]) using paired sera from 28 children infected with g1p[8], g2p[4], g9p[6/8] or g12p[6] genotypes. convalescent sera of g12p[6]-infected children demonstrated heterotypic response against 116e and wa s ... | 2010 | 20237224 |
| trends in hospitalizations from all-cause gastroenteritis in children younger than 5 years of age in brazil before and after human rotavirus vaccine introduction, 1998-2007. | rotavirus vaccination was introduced in brazil in march 2006. we describe trends in hospitalizations from all-cause gastroenteritis in children younger than 5 years during pre- and postvaccination periods using hospital discharge data from brazil hospital information system (sih-sus). a reduction in gastroenteritis hospitalizations of 26% and 48% in 2006 and in 2007, respectively, was observed among children younger than 1 year compared with prevaccination period (1998-2005). the largest reducti ... | 2010 | 20300045 |
| corrected 2007 rotavirus hospitalization rates. | 2010 | 20190618 | |
| cause of uric acid stones in rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis. | 2010 | 20191366 | |
| rotavirus infection of murine small intestine causes colonic secretion via age restricted galanin-1 receptor expression. | mechanisms for age restriction of rotavirus diarrhea are unclear. because rotavirus primarily infects small intestine, colonic contribution has not been widely studied. recent data suggest that colonic secretion postbacterial infection is mediated by galanin-1 receptors (gal1-r). we evaluated age-dependent expression of gal1-r in rhesus rotavirus (rrv)-infected mice and its contribution to fluid secretion. | 2010 | 20197068 |
| rotavirus enterotoxin nsp4 has mucosal adjuvant properties. | rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4) is a protein with pleiotropic properties. it functions in rotavirus morphogenesis, pathogenesis, and is the first described viral enterotoxin. since many bacterial toxins function as potent mucosal adjuvants, we evaluated whether baculovirus-expressed recombinant simian rotavirus sa11 nsp4 possesses adjuvant activity by co-administering nsp4 with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh), tetanus toxoid (tt) or ovalbumin (ova) as model antigens in mice. following i ... | 2010 | 20197138 |
| modelling the seasonality of rotavirus disease and the impact of vaccination in england and wales. | two rotavirus vaccines are currently recommended for inclusion in routine childhood immunization programmes. we developed a deterministic age-structured model of rotavirus transmission and disease to investigate the population-level effects of vaccination in england and wales. the model explicitly captures the natural history of infection and uses realistic population mixing patterns. the model accurately reproduces the strong seasonal pattern and age distribution of rotavirus disease observed i ... | 2010 | 20197142 |
| rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in foals in greece. | severe outbreaks of diarrhoeic syndrome occurred in young foals at the same stud farm during two consecutive breeding periods namely spring 2006 and 2007. rotavirus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in the faeces of the affected foals and group a rotavirus infection was confirmed by reverse-transcription (rt)-pcr with selected sets of rotavirus-specific primers. sequence analysis of the genes encoding the outer capsid rotavirus proteins vp7 and vp4 enabled classification of the ... | 2010 | 20197218 |
| global implementation of human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine: lessons from hepatitis b vaccine. | development of safe and effective vaccines against human papillomavirus (hpv)-the second vaccine against a major human cancer-is one of the most important medical and public health achievements of this century. as with all new vaccines, hpv is currently expensive and this cost precludes its use in the developing world, which has the greatest burden of disease from hpv-related cancers. hepatitis b (hb) virus vaccine, which prevents chronic hb infection and related cirrhosis and liver cancer, has ... | 2010 | 20129654 |
| phylogenetic analysis of human p[8]g9 rotavirus strains circulating in brazil reveals the presence of a novel genetic variant. | group a rotavirus (rv-a) genotype p[8]g9 has emerged as one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis in children worldwide and currently is recognized as one of the five most common genotypes detected in humans. high intragenotype diversity in g9 rv-a has been observed, and nowadays, based on the genetic variability of the vp7 gene, six different phylogenetic lineages and eleven sublineages were described. | 2010 | 20133185 |
| seasonal trend and serotype distribution of rotavirus infection in japan, 1981-2008. | a total of 10,917 fecal specimens from infants and children with gastroenteritis in seven different regions of japan in the last 3 decades were examined for rotavirus. we observed that the rotavirus peak shifted gradually from january to april (winter to early spring) during 17 seasons and the g1p[8] combination was the most predominant genotype in the last 28 years in japan. | 2010 | 20135750 |
| burden of childhood rotavirus disease on health systems in the united states. | to determine the burden of rotavirus disease before the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. | 2010 | 20135751 |
| milk supplemented with immune colostrum: protection against rotavirus diarrhea and modulatory effect on the systemic and mucosal antibody responses in calves experimentally challenged with bovine rotavirus. | group a bovine rotavirus (brv) is the major cause of neonatal calf diarrhea worldwide. as a preventive strategy, we evaluated the protection and immunomodulation in two groups of brv-inoculated calves. all calves received control colostrum (cc; vn=65,536; igg(1)=16,384) prior to gut closure followed by the milk supplemented with immune colostrum (vn=1,048,576; igg(1)=262,144), twice a day, for 14 days. calves received milk supplemented with 0.8% immune colostrum [(gp 1) vn=16,384; igg(1)=4096] o ... | 2010 | 20138373 |
| identification of g8 rotavirus strains determined as g12 by rotavirus genotyping pcr: updating the current genotyping methods. | rotaviruses are classified into g- and p-types, which are determined by the reactivity with antibodies to the outer viral proteins, vp7 and vp4, respectively, or sequence variation in the genes encoding these proteins. there are presently a number of different rotavirus strains co-circulating within the uk, with the common human strains g1p[8], g2p[4] and g9p[8] being the most prevalent. as part of strain surveillance for the european rotavirus network (eurorotanet) a cluster (n=29) of g8 strain ... | 2010 | 20138804 |