Publications

antigenic relationship between human and bovine rotaviruses as determined by neutralization, immune adherence hemagglutination, and complement fixation tests.	guinea pig antiserum to bovine rotavirus does not neutralize human rotavirus. bovine and human rotaviruses were, however, extensively cross-reactive when examined by complement fixation and immune adherence hemagglutination tests with antiserum to either virus. the immune adherence hemagglutination test was 16- to 32-fold more sensitive than the complement fixation test in detecting rotavirus.	1977	198371
pathological changes in the small intestine of neonatal pigs infected with a pig reovirus-like agent (rotavirus).		1977	198438
further biochemical characterization, including the detection of surface glycoproteins, of human, calf, and simian rotaviruses.	polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of purified preparation of the simian rotavirus sa-11 indicated eight polypeptide components that migrated in a manner remarkably similar to those of the previously characterized human and calf rotaviruses. analyses of preparations of single-shelled and double-shelled particles of human, calf, and simian an rotaviruses have also permitted assignment of the polypeptides to the inner or outer shells. the major components of the outer shells of each virus ...	1977	198589
human rotavirus and intussusception.		1977	198658
[application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to the detection of calf rotavirus and rotavirus antibodies (author's transl)].		1977	199102
[rotavirus in children with severe malnutrition].	the study comprised 19 children with severe protein-calorie malnutrition admitted to hospital nacional de niños. with one exception, all of the patients complained of diarrhea at the examination. samples of stools were collected for bacteriologic, parasitologic and virologic studies. rotavirus was shown in 4 cases and adenovirus in another 4. enteropathogenic escherichia coli, shigella and salmonella were isolated in 9 different children. it was possible to demonstrate at least one potentially p ...	1977	199211
rotavirus gastroenteritis.		1977	199315
virions associated with acute gastroenteritis in vancouver, 1976.	virions were identified by electron microscopic observation of unconcentrated extracts of feces obtained from 55 (33%) of 167 children aged 3 weeks to 5 years who were hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis at children's hospital, vancouver between january and december 1976. morphologic types included 30 rotavirus, 15 adenovirus, 5 astrovirus and 5 picornavirus-like particles.	1977	199339
review of enterovirus studies in east africa.		1977	199414
filter paper solid-phase radioimmunoassay for human rotavirus surface immunoglobulins.	a filter paper solid-phase radioimmunoassay has been developed. filter paper disks adsorbed a large amount of rotavirus and serum globulin and gave small mean variation of coating and low background binding. the rotavirus isolated from stools from infants with acute enteritis 1, 3, and 4 days after onset of symptoms was shown to be already covered with immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, and igm antibodies by this radioimmunoassay, by immunoelectrophoresis, and by immune electron microscopy. the immuno ...	1977	199613
human rotavirus enteritis induced in conventional piglets. intestinal structure and transport.	to better understand the pathogenesis of infantile viral gastroenteritis, we studied na+ and cl- fluxes in vitro in short-circuited jejunal epithelium from 8-10-day-old piglets after infection with a standard dose of human rotavirus given via nasogastric tube. 11 infected piglets, all of whom became ill, were compared with 9 uninfected, healthy litter-mates. when killed 72 h after infection, intestinal villi were shorter and crypts deeper (p less than 0.025) in duodenum, upper jejunum, and mid-s ...	1977	199622
separation and infectivity of two particle types of human rotavirus.	two morphological types of human rotavirus particles were separated in caesium chloride density gradients. the particles of higher density ('incomplete' particles without an outer capsid layer) banded at a density of 1-38 g/ml, while the less dense ('complete' particles with an outer as well as an inner capsid layer) banded at a density of 1-36 g/ml. some particles were found with an incomplete outer layer of capsomeres. the particle/infectivity ratio for tissue cultures of the fraction containi ...	1977	199702
antiviral activity of ribavirin in rotavirus gastroenteritis of mice.	ribavirin was inactive against the rotavirus of murine gastroenteritis; this may be due to the presence of guanosine inhibitors in the gut.	1977	200170
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of rotavirus infections in calves.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of rotavirus infection in calves is described. the assay was more efficient for the detection of rotavirus antigens in calf feces than were electron microscopy and immunoelectroosmorphoresis.	1977	200635
distribution and titres of rotavirus antibodies in different age groups.	three hundred and fifty-seven sera selected at random from hospital patients of all ages were examined for rotavirus antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence (fa) and complement fixation levels (cft). three hundred and fourteen of these were also tested for neutralizing antibodies to human rotavirus. sera from patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis were excluded from this survey. fa antibodies were found in newborn infants but fell to undetectable titres at 3 months. the ...	1977	200676
observations on the morphology of two rotaviruses.	the negative staining technique was used to study the morphology of two rotaviruses, the epizootic diarrizootic diarrhoea of infant mice (edim) and the simian virus sa ii. it is proposed that the inner capsid of the virion has icosahedral symmetry and consists of 180 morphological units arranged in an open lattice formation with the 12 spaces at the apices being surrounded by 5 capsomeres and the other 80 spaces each surrounded by six capsomeres. the outer capsid of the virion consists of a hone ...	1977	200716
cell culture propagation of porcine rotavirus (reovirus-like agent).	two isolates of porcine rotavirus (reovirus-like agent) were isolated and passaged in primary procine kidney cell cultures. viral infectivity for cells was monitored by immunofluorescence because viral cytopathic effect was moderate. successful passage of virus in cell culture required that viral suspensions obtained from infected cell cultures be treated with pancreatin prior to inoculation onto cell monolayers. porcine rotavirus passage in cell culture also was accomplished, using trypsin trea ...	1977	201198
rotavirus neutralisation by human milk.		1977	201336
diarrhea in calves: diagnosis and incidence in the north central states.		1977	220632
review of rotavirus infections of man and animals.		1977	220639
[duovirus (rotavirus) in belém, state of para, brazil (preliminary report)].		1977	202009
rotaviruses in venezuelan children with gastroenteritis.	rotaviruses were identified by electron microscopy in 19 of 26 (73%) venezuelan children with gastroenteritis. noncultivable adenoviruses and small (29-30 nm), spherical viruses were also observed in a few cases. bacterial pathogens were isolated from five children (19%), all of whom were also carrying rotaviruses.	1977	842776
biochemical studies on a reovirus-like agent (rotovirus) from lambs.	ten polypeptides were detected in double-capsid lamb rotavirus; four of these appeared to be associated with the outer capsid. lamb rotavirus rna, which consisted of 11 or 12 segments, differed from pig rotavirus rna in the electrophoretic mibility of one of the genome segments.	1977	850308
reovirus-like agent in acute epidemic gastroenteritis in japanese infants: fecal shedding and serologic response.	the reovirus-like agent, sometimes referred to as duovirus or rotavirus, was visualized by electron microscopy in stool extracts from japanese infants and young children with acute epidemic gastroenteritis. the virus particles measured 70 nm in diameter and had double-shelled capsids. one hundred ten (89%) of 124 patients with the gastroenteritis had such virus particles in stools obtained during the acute phase. the virus particles were excreted in the stools usually during the first eight days ...	1977	402427
diagnosis of rotavirus infection by cell culture.	rotaviruses were detected by electronmicroscopy in 35 of 84 specimens of faeces from infants with diarrhoea, and in 31 by fluorescent staining of tissue cultures infected with help of centrifugation. llc-mk2 cells were found to be the most sensitive, although primary and secondary human-embryo-kidney and primary calf-kidney cells could also be used. a micromodification of the tissue-culture method provides a relatively simple technique for the diagnosis of rotavirus infection, for the titration ...	1977	402472
complement-fixing antibody response to rotavirus infection.	a human rotavirus complement-fixing (cf) antigen, prepared by purification of large volumes of fluid feces collected from children with winter diarrhea, was used to study the development and persistence of antibody in children with diarrhea and the prevalence of rotavirus antibody in melbourne. in children with diarrhea, antibody rises were detectable within 4 to 6 weeks of the onset of illness, and the titers usually remained elevated for the next 1 to 2 years. cf antibody did not develop in tw ...	1977	403196
stool viruses in babies in glasgow. i. hospital admissions with diarrhoea.	stools from 183 babies under 2 years of age admitted to ruchill hospital with diarrhoea were examined by electron microscopy, virus culture, bacterial culture and light microscopy. as far as possible, several stools were examined from each patient and the results showed rotaviruses, astroviruses and other viruses in association with symptoms, as well as the expected bacterial pathogens. examination of several stools from the same patient also showed that in this age group the viral flora of the ...	1977	403233
rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infections: comparison of electron microscopy and immunoelectroosmophoresis for the detection of rotavirus in human infantile gastroenteritis.	eighty-seven faecal samples from infants and children suffering from acute gastroenteritis were investigated for the presence of rotavirus by immunoelectroosmophoresis (ieop) and electron microscopy (em). sixty-one % of the samples contained rotavirus antigens when examined by ieop whereas only 50% were diagnosed as positive em. however, where it was possible to perform em within the same day that the sample was received it took 24 h to establish the diagnosis by ieop. the high sensitivity of th ...	1977	406356
aetiology of acute gastroenteritis in infancy and early childhood in southern india.	the aetiology of acute gastroenteritis was studied in 50 infants and young children. bacterial pathogens were isolated in 33, enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), salmonella, and shigella being the commonest isolates. rotaviruses were detected in the stools of 13 of the cases. all children with gastroenteritis in whom rotavirus was detected were seen during the months july to december. in 30 children who served as controls, epec were isolated in 6, but rotavirus was detected in none. it is concluded ...	1977	406857
demonstration of size variation of rna segments between different isolates of calf rotavirus.	polyacrylamide gel electrophosesis of rna extracted from wild rotavirus isolates and cell culture adapted virus revealed a significant variation in the molecular weight of individual rna segments. the major differences were observed between wild isolates on the one hand and the adapted strain on the other hand. the slight variations that were observed between different wild isolates were found regularly and appeared to be related to the origin of the samples.	1977	407327
[rotavirus and gastroenteritis in the newborn infant. initial observations].	a simplified method for the diagnosis of rotavirus by electron microscopy is presented. the incidence of these viruses is observed in new-born infants and the relationship with acute gastroenteritis is recalled.	1977	408044
[diarrhea outbreak and bacterial resistance to ampicillin in newborns].	twenty-eight healthy neonates from the san juan de dios hospital were studied to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of indigenous intestinal bacteria. sixty-eight per cent of infants had enterobacteriaceae resistant to several wide-spectrum antibiotics, including ampicillin; 28 per cent of the cultures had plasmid-mediated ampicillin resistance. in the course of the study, an outbreak of 10 acute cases of diarrhea occurred, not associated to any of the commonly known agents, includin ...	1977	242927
a microbiological investigation of acute summer gastroenteritis in black south african infants.	a microbiological investigation of black infants suffering from severe acute summer gastroenteritis revealed enteropathogenic agents in 30 out of 37 patients (81%). enterotoxigenic bacteria were isolated from 15 patients (41%). a total of 16 enterotoxigenic strains were isolated, comprising 9 enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains secreting labile and stable toxin on their own and in combination, and labile-toxin secreting strains of klebsiella pneumoniae (4), enterobacter cloacae (2) and prot ...	1977	325127
gastroenteritis in children: a two-year review in manitoba. i. etiology.	during two years, 1,217 children hospitalized with gastroenteritis at the children's centre in winnipeg, manitoba, canada were studied. bacterial pathogens were present in 25% of these children: enteropathogenic escherichia coli in 120, shigella in 139, salmonella in 24, and multiple pathogens in 18. rotavirus was detected in 54 (11%) of 472 patients examined. rotavirus and enteropathogenic e. coli were the most common pathogens in infants, and shigella was the most common in older children. bac ...	1977	330769
a microbiological study of gastro-enteritis in black infants.	a survey was carried out to determine the aetiological agents responsible for acute gastro-enteritis in black infants. bacteriological examination of 191 patients and 178 age-matched controls showed that salmonellae and shigellae together accounted for only 15% of cases and were harboured by almost 7% of controls. seropositive 'enteropathogenic' escherichia coli was an important cause of diarrhoea, especially in the summer months. enterotoxin-producing e. coli was not a significant cause of gast ...	1977	331509
rotavirus infection in lambs: pathogenesis and pathology.	experimental lamb rotavirus infections were studied by immunofluorescence, histopathology and electron microscopy of tissues from infected gnotobiotic lambs killed at intervals from the incubation period to recovery. the rotavirus was demonstrated by immunofluorescence only in epithelial cells of villi in the small and large intestine, and virus antigen was most abundant during the incubation period. an increased enterocyte turnover rate was suggested by the rapid movement of virus-infected cell ...	1977	202226
[seroepidemiological investigations on the epidemiology of human rotavirus infections (author's transl)].	263 sera of infants and children up to 10 years of age were tested for antibodies (cf-test) against nebraska calf diarrhoea virus (ncdv) which is antigenically related to the rotavirus of man; in addition the mean antibody titers in different age groups were investigated. antibodies of maternal origin were eliminated during the first year of life. most of the infections occurred during the second year of life and at the end of this year 40-50% of the investigated children demonstrated antibodies ...	1977	899370
[infectious agents in diarrhea of hospitalized children in costa rica].	shigella, toxigenic escherichia coli (stable toxin) and rotaviruses were frequently found among 50 children hospitalized with diarrhea studied during one year. these agents were less common among 45 controls without diarrhea, of comparable age and from the same wards as the cases reported. there was a greater frequency of respiratory symptoms in the diarrhea associated with rotaviruses. these were characterized by frequent bowel movements and vomiting and often fever. the bacterial diarrheas sho ...	1977	911458
a study of the prevalence of rotavirus infection in children with gastroenteritis admitted to an infectious diseases hospital.	in a 12 month survey of infants and children with gastroenteritis admitted to fairfield hospital, melbourne, rotavirus was found in approximately 42% of patients. this virus was detected more often during the winter months, particularly in children aged between 12 months and 3 years. detection of rotavirus by electron microscopy was found to be more sensitive than by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. routine bacterial and viral studies revealed that bacterial pathogens and common enteric viruses wer ...	1977	204738
solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of rotavirus.	a solid-phase radioimmunoassay method has been developed for the detection of rotavirus in the form of a purified antigen and in stool. the parameters of the radioimmunoassay were examined and optimized to give high sensitivity and same-day results. compared with electron microscopy, the assay is up to 10 times as sensitive for detection of the virus in stool and up to 128 times as sensitive for detection of a purified virus antigen. in a field study on stool specimens it was at least as effici ...	1977	863510
a survey of rotaviruses in sheep in scotland.		1977	867760
clinical, laboratory, and epidemiologic features of a viral gastroenteritis in infants and children.	we studied 27 infants admitted to the hospital with acute diarrhea caused by human rotavirus (hrv) and obtained additional data on fecal excretion from ten outpatients with the same infection. the disease was characterized by watery diarrhea with fever and vomiting at the onset, isotonic dehydration, compensated metabolic acidosis, and increased concentrations of sodium and chloride but low concentrations of sugar in stools. diarrhea usually ceased in three to four days when oral feedings were r ...	1977	887336
[identification of rotavirus by counter-immunoelectrophoresis in cases of infantile diarrhea].		1978	209531
effect of serum albumin on hemagglutination with nebraska calf diarrhea virus.		1978	209292
rotavirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized infants and young children in mexico city.		1978	228369
rna polymerase associated with human rotaviruses in diarrhea stools.	rna polymerase activity was detected in six stools which were partially purified by high-speed centrifugation from infants with rotavirus gastroenteritis, but was not detected in five stools which were negative for rotavirus by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay. the polymerase activity was associated with the 1.38-g/ml rotavirus band after purification in a cscl gradient.	1978	207902
hemagglutination by simian rotavirus.	a simian rotavirus (sa-11) was shown to hemagglutinate human group "o" and guinea pig erythrocytes. the hemagglutinin appeared to be associated with the outer capsid of the sa-11 virus and was inhibited by specific hyperimmune anti-sa-11 guinea pig serum.	1978	206575
a simplified method for detecting fluorescent antibody to rotavirus: its application to sero-epidemiology.		1978	205558
rotavirus in travelers' diarrhea: study of an adult student population in mexico.	the role of rotavirus in adult diarrhea was evaluated in 165 students attending a mexican university. students were divided into three groups: newly arrived summer students from the united sttes, regular students from the united states, and mexican and venezuelan students. ninety-one students with diarrhea and 74 corresponding, matched, asymptomatic control students were included in the study. the frequency of rotavirus in stools was determined by electron microscopy with use of the pseudoreplic ...	1978	204710
viruses and diarrhea--a review.	a critical analysis of the literature shows that only a few viral agents have been proved by accepted criteria to cause acute gastroenteritis. rotavirus, of the rna family reoviridae, is the cause of most childhood gastroenteritis. the parvovirus-like agents (norwalk, hawaii, mc, and w) are proved agents of epidemic gastroenteritis. there is good evidence that the marcy, fs, and niigata agents were the causes of gastroenteritis outbreaks. thirty percent of all acute gastroenteritis episodes in l ...	1978	343580
a prospective study of enteropathogenic escherichia coli in endemic diarrheal disease.	the rate of isolation of escherichia coli belonging to the traditional serotypes enteropathogenic for infants was studied prospectively in two groups. group 1 consisted of children with diarrhea and of controls without gastrointestinal disease who were matched for age and inpatient or outpatient status. group 2 consisted of families entered in a prospective study of rotavirus infections. in group 1 enteropathogenic escherichia coli were found in 13 (6%) of 220 children younger than 12 months of ...	1978	344810
interventions in diarrheas of infants and young children.	to prevent diarrhea, efforts must be directed toward decreasing environmental contamination of enteropathogens, altering exposure of persons to naturally occurring agents, or to increasing host tolerance to prevalent enteropathogens. a vaccine is feasible in the control of certain enteric infections among high risk groups: typhoid fever and cholera, in areas of hyperendemicity or during an epidemic, shigellosis in institutionalized populations that are at risk to develop illness due to known pre ...	1978	359524
[diagnosis of rotavirus using viral rna electrophoresis].	rotavirus has emerged as a major agent of acute enteritis of infants. a rapid and simple technique has been developed for its detection, based on the visualization of the viral rna electrophoretic pattern. this technique takes advantage of the large amount of rotavirus present in the stools and the high sensitivity for detection of rna obtained with ethidium bromide.	1978	203295
[existence of 2 types of rotavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in children].	rotaviruses found in the stools of different infants, hospitalized in the hospital del niño del dif, may be grouped into at least two types according to their rna composition. the viral rna composition was analyzed by electrophoresis in agarose gels. the different types can be distinguished by the mobility of the second larger of the 11 segments that make up the viral rna.	1978	203294
agents affecting health of mother and child in a rural area of kenya. xi. antibodies against rotavirus in sera from children living in the machakos district of kenya.	207 sera from children under 5 years of age and living in the machakos district in kenya were tested in the complement fixation test for antibodies against rotavirus. two different antigens were used. the superiority of 'o' antigen over nebraska calf diarrhoea virus antigen was confirmed. after a fall to 29 percent in the 6-8 months age group, the percentage of children with antibodies quickly rises with age to 80 percent at the age of 24 months and to practically 100 percent at the age of 30 mo ...	1978	219569
[rota virus infantile gastroenteritis: clinical and epidemiological study].		1978	218164
prevalence of rotavirus antibody in infants and children.		1978	217819
the effect of vaccination on titres of antibody to rotavirus in colostrum and milk.	the continued presence of antibody to rotavirus in the gut of the neonatal ruminant has been shown to be important in protecting against clinical disease associated with rotavirus infections. this effect is dependant upon the amount of antibody included in the diet. titres of antibody to rotavirus may be relatively high in ruminant mammary secretions immediately after parturition but decline rapidly over the course of the first day. the influence of vaccination on the titres of antibody, the con ...	1978	218490
the influence of colostrum on neonatal rotaviral infections.		1978	218491
the detection of rotavirus specific antibody in colostrum and milk by elisa.	the blocking method of elisa for the detection and titration of rotavirus-specific antibody in colostrum is described. the results obtained were positively correlated with those of a neutralizing antibody test. on one farm colostrum samples were obtained over a period of 18 months. no relationship was found between the titer of colostrum obtained shortly after calving, and the development of rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in calves. on a second farm only samples obtained during the calving seaso ...	1978	218492
machakos project studies: agents affecting health of mother and child in a rural area of kenya. vii. the incidence of diarrhoeal disease in the under-five population.	the outcome of three years of fortnightly diarrhoea surveillance of about 4000 children under the age of five is described. the two-weekly incidence of diarrhoea in children in the age group 0-5 months, 6-11 months and 12-23 months, who were reported and/or observed to be ill, was 3.4%, 5.6% and 3.4% respectively. a decline in the attack rates of diarrhoea not associated with measles at the end of 1975 and the beginning of 1976 corresponds with a similar decline in the incidence of measles and m ...	1978	216135
the experimental production of diarrhoea in colostrum deprived axenic and gnotoxenic calves with enteropathogenic escherichia coli, rotavirus, coronavirus and in a combined infection of rotavirus and e. coli.	we attempted to produce diarrhoea experimentally in the newborn calf by orally injecting 17 colostrum-deprived calves with two serotypes of escherichia coli ent+ k99+, a rotavirus and a coronavirus. with e. coli alone, a dose of 2 x 10(8) bacteria administered 24 hours after birth causes a mild attack of diarrhoea, whereas 1 x 10(10) bacteria leads to dehydration and death. an inoculation of rotavirus is followed by diarrhoea which always contains large quantities of rotavirus. these animals wer ...	1978	219751
scanning electron microscopy of abomasium and intestine of gnotoxenic calves infected either with rotavirus, coronarivus or enteropathogenic escherichia coli or with rotavirus and e. coli.	neonatal calf diarrhoea induced with several agents of infection was studied by scanning electron microscopy. in a gnotoxenic calf infected with e. coli k99+ ent+, slight lesions of the small intestine were observed and desquamation or puffiness of microvilli occurred. in rotavirus-infected calves, the abomasum was covered with abudant mucous film and appeared to be desquamated. in the small intestine, no desquamation of epithelium was observed. inoculation of the rotavirus and e. coli induced s ...	1978	219752
rotavirus infections in families. a clinical and virological study.	among 25 family members of 8 children with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis (8 siblings and 17 adults) gastroenteritis was recorded in 9 (5 siblings and 4 adults), and minor symptoms in 8 (2 siblings and 6 adults). a rotavirus infection was diagnosed in 7 of the family members with gastroenteritis and was probably the cause of the disease in the remaining 2 in this group. four of the 8 family members with minor symptoms were infected with rotavirus, whereas no infection was detected among the 8 f ...	1978	214850
[corona- and rotavirus enteritis in newborn calves in bulgaria].	in the course of investigations into enteritis enzootics in newly-born calves, 55 fecal samples have been studied through direct electron microscopy by the negative contrast method. rota viruses were found in eight of them, corona viruses in 38.2 per cent of the cases, and both rota- and corona viruses in 49.1 per cent of the cases. two types of rota-viral particles were observed: with and without supercapsids. also two types of corona-viral particles were established. the first type was relativ ...	1978	223276
isolation of a reovirus-like agent (rotavirus) from neonatal calf diarrhea in japan.		1978	214670
epidemiology of human rotavirus types 1 and 2 as studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	to determine the relative importance of two known serotypes of human rotavirus, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to differentiate serotype-specific rotavirus antigen and antibody. using this technic, we studied the epidemiology of the two serotypes in acute gastroenteritis. seventy-seven per cent of 414 rotavirus isolates were type 2, and the remainder were type 1. the serotype distribution was similar in specimens from children in washington, d.c., and other parts of the world. ...	1978	212678
comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of rotavirus antibodies with complement fixation in an epidemiological survey.	the development of a micro-scale enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with horseradish peroxidase as the marker enzyme for the detection and measurement of human rotavirus antibodies is described. a semipurified preparation of the serologically related simian agent, sa-11 virus, was used as the antigen. test sera were reacted with antigen-sensitized wells in disposable poly-vinyl microplates. any attached antibody was detected by the addition of peroxidase-labeled anti-species immunoglobuli ...	1978	212451
the effect of trypsin on the growth of rotavirus.	it has been found that 1000-fold more bovine rotavirus is obtained when trypsin is incorporated in the maintenance medium and allowed to remain throughout the growth cycle. this holds true for primary calf kidney (ck) cells and also for several continuous and semi-continuous cell lines. in the presence of trypsin it has been possible to pass the virus serially on continuous cell lines seven times. concentrations of 1 to 10 microgram/ml of trypsin are found to be effective. preliminary results su ...	1978	211180
comparison of human rotavirus disease in tropical and temperate settings.	human rotaviruses (hrv) are a common cause of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in pediatric patients. a prospective study of hrv disease in a temperate (dallas) and a tropical (san jose, costa rica) setting demonstrated differences in seasonal distribution. in both locales, hrv accounted for 50% to 60% of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis episodes from december through february; this period corresponded to the cooler months of winter in dallas and to the dry season in san jose. during the res ...	1978	210656
comparison of five diagnostic methods for the detection of rotavirus antigens in calf faeces.	immunoelectroosmophoresis, complement fixation, immunofluorescence on inoculated cell cultures, electron microscopy, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were compared for the detection of rotavirus in faecal samples from calves. rotavirus particles could be detected in 39 out of 98 faecal samples by electron microscopy. immunofluorescence, complement fixation, and immunoelectroosmophoresis detected rotavirus antigens in 39, 42, and 30 samples, respectively. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent a ...	1978	214679
[rotavirus infections].		1978	210442
hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition studies with a strain of nebraska calf diarrhea virus (bovine rotavirus).	a hemagglutinin has been prepared from nebraska calf diarrhea virus (ncdv) propagated in bs-c-1 cell line. after cesium chloride centrifugation, the hemagglutinin of the bovine rotavirus was found to be associated with intact virions (density 1.355 g/ml) but not with virions lacking an outer capsid layer (density 1.375 g/ml). in hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) tests, the hemagglutinin reacted specifically with ncdv serum, and hai seroconversions were detected in some sera tested. cross-reactio ...	1978	201585
comparison between adsorption of poliovirus and rotavirus by aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs.	adsorption of poliovirus and rotavirus by aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs was studied. both aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs adsorbed greater amounts of poliovirus than rotavirus. aluminum hydroxide flocs reduced the titer of poliovirus in tap water by 3 log10, but they only reduced the titer of a simian rotovirus (sa-11) in tap water by 1 log10 or less and did not noticeably reduce the number of human rotavirus particles present in a dilute stool suspension. activated ...	1978	205173
comparison of rotavirus strains by hemagglutination inhibition.	rotaviruses have been shown to be of importance as aetiologic agents of gastroenteritis in infants and in domestic animals of several species. hemagglutinins were prepared from two canadian isolates of bovine rotavirus and from one isolate of a simian rotavirus. a united kingdon isolate of bovine rotavirus was shown not to possess hemagglutinating activity, indicating a strain difference between a canadian and united kingdom bovine rotavirus. in hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) tests a rabbit h ...	1978	205329
a study of etiologic agents in infantile gastroenteritis.		1978	205524
the immunoprophylaxis of of rotavirus infections in lambs.	the effect of colostrum or serum feeding on subsequent rotavirus infections was investigated in neonatal gnotobiotic lambs. immunity after feeding colostrum did not depend on absorption of passively acquired antibody into the circulation. protection against clinical disease depended on the volume of colostrum ingested. the protection afforded by feeding serum was specific, since serum free of rotavirus antibody failed to confer protection. immune serum fed at a rate of 2.5 ml per kg twice daily ...	1978	205988
multiple viruses present in the faeces of a scouring calf.		1978	205989
fatal rotavirus gastroenteritis: an analysis of 21 cases.	during the period of may 1972 to march 1977, twenty-one fatal cases of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis were recorded in the city of toronto. the mean age of these subjects was approximately 1 year. boys outnumbered girls by 12 to 9. death occurred within three days of onset of symptoms in all cases. sixteen of the subjects were profoundly dehydrated and had sodium levels (serum or vitreous humor) in excess of 150 meq/liter. in 11 subjects, sodium values were greater than 160 meq/liter. although ...	1978	206132
lapine rotavirus: preliminary studies on epizoology and transmission.	antibody to rotavirus was found in sera of domestic rabbits, wild cottontail rabbits and snowshoe hares. eight out of 187 stools from a rabbitry contained rotavirus, though no clinical symptoms were apparent. the virus extracted from one such stool infected a five week old seronegative rabbit and led to distention and congestion of the colon, excretion of virus in the stool and a serological response to virus. human and simian rotaviruses did not replicate in the rabbits.	1978	206325
characteristics of neonatal calf diarrhea virus ribonucleic acid.	the nucleic acids of neonatal calf diarrhea virus were characterized by isopycnic centrifugation in cs2so4, electron microscopy, ultraviolet absorbance temperature profiles and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. these studies indicated that the neonatal calf diarrhea virus genome consists of 11 segments of double stranded rna with a total molecular weight of 10.75 million daltons.	1978	206326
diarrhea in newborn cynomologus monkeys infected with human rotavirus.	of six newborn cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) naturally delivered and normally nursed five developed diarrhea after oral administration of human rotavirus. virus excretion was observed in the stool of four animals. this virus was transmitted to four out of six other monkeys causing diarrhea in only one animal.	1978	206515
morphogenesis of porcine rotavirus in porcine kidney cell cultures and intestinal epithelial cells.	the morphogenesis of porcine rotavirus was similar in vitro in porcine kidney (pk) cell cultures and in vivo in porcine epithelial cells as examined by electron microscopy. infected cells contained cytoplasmic, non-membrane-bound viroplasm and accumulations of virus particles within cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer). three types of virus particles were noted: double-shelled or complete particles which averaged 77 nm in diam.; single-shelled or naked particles which ranged from 5 ...	1978	206653
[detection of an agent similar to rotavirus in infantile gastroenteritis].	the etiology of nonbacterial enterovirus infections in children was studied in autumn and winter under conditions of focal outbreaks in moscow hospitals. electron microscopy revealed a reovirus-like agent in concentrated suspensions of feces collected in the acute period of the disease from children suffering from diarrhea. examinations of paired sera from the patients by the cf test with the antigen of nebraska calf disease virus established significant rises in antibody titers in 68.3% of case ...	1978	216151
[rotavirus gastroenteritides in infants and toddlers].		1978	216499
simplified radioimmunoassay for detection of human rotavirus in stools.	a simplified radioimmunoassay (ria) technique was developed to facilitate the diagnosis of human rotavirus in stools of infants with diarrhea. this microtiter solid-phase ria utilizes as a critical reagent hyperimmune serum against a tissue culture-grown simian rotavirus that is immunologically closely related to the human agent. one hundred thirteen pediatric stool samples were tested. thiry-five specimens known to be positive for rotavirus by electron microscopy were also positive by ria. all ...	1978	216754
production of calf rotavirus hemagglutinin inhibitors in the infected cell culture fluid.		1978	216892
[epidemiological aspects of gastroenteritis dut to rotavirus].	during december 1976 to january-march 1977, 13/53 children less than 5 years of age were admitted with acute enteritis caused by rotaviruses to the hospital del niño, dif. there is already convincing evidence that this new virus will prove to be the most important etiological agent of sporadic acute enteritis in young children.	1978	202294
a simple method for concentration of enteroviruses and rotaviruses from cell culture harvests using membrane filters.	organic compounds in cell culture harvests known as membrane-coating components (mcc) prevent virus adsorption to membrane filters. blending cell culture harvests with fluorocarbon removed the mcc and permitted adsorption of virus in acidified harvests to epoxy-fiberglass filters. subsequent elution with high ph buffer resulted in recovery of greater than 90% of the virus with concentrations of up to 100-fold.	1978	202572
the role of breast-feeding in the prevention of rotavirus infection.	breast-fed infants are less susceptible to gastroenteritis than bottle-fed infants. antibodies against rotavirus, the major pathogen of infantile gastroenteritis, were sought in human sera, colostrum and milk specimens by immunofluorescence. an experimental murine-rotavirus model was established by infecting the second litters of dams 4 weeks after infecting their first litters. antibodies were absent from human and murine colostrum and milk specimens despite being present in virtually all sera, ...	1978	202710
rearing regimen producing piglet diarrhea (rotavirus) and its relevance to acute infantile diarrhea.	piglets were weaned when 1 day old and thus were denied further access to the antibodies supplied by their dam's milk. they were placed in a nursery in which contamination by the ubiquitous rotavirus steadily increased with continuous use causing a progressive increase in the incidence of vomiting, diarrhea, and death among the piglets. a similar syndrome involving an antigenically related rotavirus and analogous management practices occurs in human infants.	1978	203032
mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diarrhea: a review.		1978	203563
rotavirus as a cause of diarrhea in pigs.	a rotavirus (reovirus-like agent) was associated with diarrheal diseases occurring in 1- to 4-week-old suckling pigs in 8 herds and in weaned pigs in 2 herds. transmissible gastroenteritis virus was also detected in 2 of these herds, as was enteropathogenic escherichia coli in 5 herds. morbidity was generally greater than 80% in pigs of the affected age group within these herds, and mortality from diarrhea ranged from 7 to 20%. the disease due to rotavirus in suckling pigs appeared similar to th ...	1978	203565
routine diagnosis of human rotaviruses in stools.	electron microscopy, immune electron microscopy and complement fixation as methods of detecting rotavirus in the stools of young children with gastroenteritis were compared in a blind study during the winter of 1975-6. complement fixation was the simplest to perform, was as sensitive as the other two, and allowed a quantitative measurement of viral excretion. absorption of faecal extracts with fetal calf serum usually removed the anticomplementary activity of faecal extracts.	1978	204665
central nervous system involvement in patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis.	two children with rotavirus gastroenteritis are presented. the first case developed a fatal reye's syndrome and the other one encephalitis with slow recovery. the rotavirus diagnosis was made in both cases by electron microscopy and a significant rise in antibody titres to nebraska calf diarrhea virus was seen in one of the two patients.	1978	204984
trypsin and bovine rotavirus replication.		1978	205033
pathogenesis of porcine rotaviral infection in experimentally inoculated gnotobiotic pigs.	porcine rotavirus was shown to infect gnotobiotic pigs and induce an acute enteric disease clinically characterized by diarrhea, anorexia, depression, and occasional vomition. onset of clinical signs correlated closely with the appearance of lesions within the small intestinal mucosa, and recovery from infection was associated with the regeneration of normal, functional villous epithelium. villous atrophy, especially in the caudal two-thirds of the small intestine, was the consistent lesion obse ...	1978	204232
calf rotavirus: detection of outer capsid glycoproteins by lectins.		1978	204517
[pediatrics in 1977].		1978	206954
prevalence of antibodies to a rotavirus in black and white populations in south africa.	a serological survey of antibodies to a rotavirus in 252 sera from black and white south africans was performed by means of an immunofluorescence test using cells infected with simian rotavirus, sa 11, as antigen. the results indicate widespread presence of this agent in south africa and also that the black population is exposed to a greater extent than the white population.	1978	206980