Publications

propagation of rotaviruses in the presence of chicken serum.	the ability of mammalian rotaviruses to replicate in bsc-1 and cv-1 cell cultures was facilitated by the presence of 4% chicken serum. viral plaques tended to be larger and appear more quickly than in cultures without added chicken serum. it is proposed that chicken serum facilitates plaquing of rotavirus due to its lack of trypsin inhibitors.	1984	6086811
comparison of bovine, simian and human rotavirus structural glycoproteins.	the structural glycoproteins of calf (bdv 486), human (wa) and simian (sa11) rotaviruses were compared for sensitivity to endoglycosidase (endo) h. the calf and human virus glycoproteins were reduced by approximately 5000 molecular weight in two equal stages. the simian rotavirus glycoprotein sustained only one 2500 molecular weight decrease. the effect of the host cell on the viral oligosaccharide composition was examined. endo h digests of calf rotavirus 82-124 extracted from stool and its pro ...	1984	6086812
identification of a bovine rotavirus gene and gene product influencing cellular attachment.	preliminary characterization of naturally occurring temperature-sensitive bovine rotavirus mutants, generated via gene reassortment, indicated that the product of gene segment 10 can influence virus adsorption to ma-104 cells. cell-free translation of this gene segment in a rabbit reticulocyte system was then utilized to identify a polypeptide with a molecular weight of ca. 21,500 as the primary translation product. this identification provides a basis for further studies of rotavirus assembly a ...	1984	6086958
behaviour of campylobacter sputorum subspecies mucosalis in gnotobiotic pigs.	gnotobiotic pigs were dosed orally with campylobacter sputorum subspecies mucosalis, either alone, or combined with rotavirus or non-pathogenic escherichia coli and streptococcus bovis to study the behaviour of c s mucosalis in defined conditions, to assess intracellular parasitism of enterocytes by c s mucosalis, and if possible to establish an experimental model of porcine intestinal adenomatosis. c s mucosalis colonised the gut of gnotobiotic pigs, persisting for up to 47 days after infection ...	1984	6087431
a controlled study of endemic sporadic diarrhoea among adult residents of southern brazil.	the aetiology of sporadic summer diarrhoea and enterotoxin (lt) antibody titres was studied among 43 adult patients in southern brazil who had an acute, untreated diarrhoeal illness and 43 age- and sex-matched controls from the same area. a potential pathogen was identified in 33 of 34 patients and in 17 of 43 controls (p less than 0.01). 10 shigella, one invasive escherichia coli, one salmonella and one entamoeba histolytica were identified in 17 patients with inflammatory diarrhoea (faecal pol ...	1984	6087512
[electron microscopic diagnosis of viral diseases].	rotaviruses were detected in 58 among 194 children with nonbacterial gastroenteritis whose feces were examined by direct electron microscopy and immune electron microscopy (iem). identification of coxsackie b viruses isolated from patients with infectious-allergic myocarditis by iem and the neutralization tests gave similar results (coxsackie b6). besides, iem detected the accompanying virus types.	1984	6087565
[new type of rotavirus particles found in the stool of patients with adult epidemic diarrhea].		1984	6088050
nomenclature of human rotaviruses: designation of subgroups and serotypes.	based on the specificity of subgroup antigens and serotype antigens which are situated, respectively, in the major inner and outer capsid polypeptides, a new nomenclature for human rotaviruses is proposed. the subgroups are designated as i and ii, and the serotypes as 1, 2, 3, 4.	1984	6088101
shifts in the electrophoretic pattern on the rna genome of rotaviruses under different electrophoretic conditions.	substantial differences in the rna electrophoretic patterns of rotaviruses were observed when the conditions for gel electrophoresis were varied. electropherotypes which seem alike under one set of conditions, may appear significantly different under other conditions such as distinct proportions of acrylamide and bisacrylamide or different running buffer. different patterns were observed for the same rotavirus rna sample even when different voltages were applied to otherwise identical runs; thes ...	1984	6088565
nucleotide sequence of human rotavirus genome segment 10, an rna encoding a glycosylated virus protein.	the complete nucleotide sequence of human rotavirus (wa strain) genome segment 10 was determined by using a cloned dna copy. the sequence data indicated that segment 10 is a + t rich (65%) and consists of 750 base pairs. the positive strand of segment 10 contains a single open reading frame that extends 175 codons from the first aug triplet (residues 42 through 44). the amino acid sequence of the segment 10 product was deduced from the nucleotide sequence. there are two distinct glycosylation si ...	1984	6088807
nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the serotype-specific antigen of human (wa) rotavirus: comparison with the homologous genes from simian sa11 and uk bovine rotaviruses.	the nucleotide sequence of human (wa) rotavirus genome segment 9, which encodes the serotype-specific antigen vp7, has been determined. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of wa vp7 protein to the sequences of simian sa11 and uk bovine vp7 proteins shows that the majority of the amino acid differences are clustered between amino acid residues 37 through 49, 65 through 75, 87 through 105, 122 through 126, 146 through 149, 178 through 181, and 208 through 242. a hydrophilicity profile of ...	1984	6088808
[an electron microscopy study of the causes of acute gastroenteritis in children].		1984	6088921
[diagnosis of rotavirus infection by isolation of viral rna from feces].		1984	6089070
[rotavirus in diarrheas of prolonged course].		1984	6089275
prevalence of enteric pathogens in the feces of healthy beef calves.	fecal specimens from 136 healthy beef calves (1 day to 12 weeks of age) were examined for the presence of infectious agents known to cause enteric disease in calves. the calves were selected from 22 herds in which all calves were free of clinically apparent enteric disease. salmonella sp, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, cryptosporidium, and coronavirus were not detected in any of the calves. three calves were infected with rotavirus and 1 calf was infected with yersinia enterocolitica. campylo ...	1984	6089621
subgrouping of human rotavirus strains by complement fixation, indirect double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and solid-phase immune electron microscopy.	complement fixation (cf), indirect double-antibody sandwich (das) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and solid-phase immune electron microscopy (spiem) were compared for their ability to subgroup 73 human rotavirus (hrv) strains from infants and young children with gastroenteritis admitted to one or the other of two different hospitals of northern italy. by both indirect das elisa and spiem all 73 hrv strains were classified into one or the other of two subgroups. by cf only 67 strains co ...	1984	6089702
effect of tunicamycin on human rotavirus morphogenesis and infectivity. brief report.	in the presence of tunicamycin, decreases in the number of double-shelled human rotavirus particles coincided with a reduction in cell lysates infectivity. the majority of particles within the endoplasmic reticulum were membrane bound, "enveloped" particles.	1984	6089709
[virologic and immunologic studies on rotavirus excretion in children].		1984	6089974
comparative study of bovine rotavirus isolates by plaque assay.	rotaviruses were isolated on bsc-1 cells from counterimmunoelectrophoresis and/or electron microscopy positive intestinal contents from two asymptomatic and six diarrheic calves from quebec. the plaque assay was performed using these lines and agar overlay medium containing trypsin and deae-dextran. this assay was used to compare the quebec isolates to an attenuated american strain (ncdv) and another strain (th) obtained from france. the ncdv strain produced plaques that were significantly large ...	1984	6089982
prevalence of rotavirus and coronavirus antigens in the feces of normal cows.	the prevalence of rotavirus and coronavirus shedding by adult cows was investigated using capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. fecal samples from 121 cows in a single herd were tested for the presence of rotavirus and coronavirus, either free or complexed with immunoglobulin. free rotavirus was not detected in any samples while rotavirus-immunoglobulin complexes were detected in 53 of 121 (44%) samples tested. in contrast, free coronavirus was detected in six (5%) samples and coronavirus- ...	1984	6089985
the radiographic findings in severe rotavirus-induced colitis.	rotavirus infections are a common cause of childhood gastroenteritis but are rarely severe enough to justify radiographs. however, there appears to be a small subset of children in whom a rotavirus-induced diarrheal illness accompanied by bloody stools is sufficiently severe and protracted to warrant barium studies. we have observed spasm and minute mucosal ulcerations of the colon in three of these children. these findings, under other circumstances, would have prompted the diagnosis of ulcerat ...	1984	6090466
pseudoreplica electron microscopy for the detection of rotavirus: comparison with high-speed centrifugation electron microscopy and elisa.	three-hundred and sixty-three stool specimens from patients with diarrhoea were examined for rotaviruses to compare the sensitivity of the pseudoreplica technique (psd-em) to that of high-speed centrifugation em (hsc-em) in relation to a commercially available (rotazyme, abbott) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in elisa-positive cases, both methods were of equal sensitivity. however, in borderline (+/-) and elisa-negative specimens, psd-em detected 31 of 48 (64.6%) and 18 of 229 (8%) p ...	1984	6094611
a cryptogram for recording rotavirus strains: the rotacode.	the rna genome of rotaviruses consists of 11 segments in four size-classes which can be separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, although 11 separate bands are not shown by all strains. we propose a cryptogram (rotacode) based on the relative distance of migration of adjacent bands in each size-class for coding the typical pattern of each strain of virus. this provides a shorthand for recording details of each strain and for grouping electrophoretically similar strains. rotacode was foun ...	1984	6094663
molecular cloning and sequencing of the reovirus (serotype 3) s1 gene which encodes the viral cell attachment protein sigma 1.	the complete sequence of the reovirus (serotype 3) s1 gene was obtained by using cloned cdna derived from the rna segment. this gene is 1416 nucleotides in length and contains two open reading frames. the first reading frame has a coding capacity of 455 amino acids, sufficient to account for the known s1 product, protein sigma 1 (42,000 mw). it possesses a signal peptide as well as three possible glycosylation sites. no homology could be detected when this gene sequence and the deduced amino aci ...	1984	6095208
enzyme immunoassay for subgrouping human rotaviruses using monoclonal antibodies.	rotavirus group-specific (common in human rotaviruses) and subgroup 1-specific monoclonal antibodies were established and an enzyme immunoassay was developed for subgrouping human rotaviruses.	1984	6095489
milk fat and gastrointestinal illness.	the population of a pediatric practice was followed prospectively and determinants of acute gastrointestinal illness were evaluated in a nested age-matched case-control study. children over age one taking low fat milk as their only milk source in the three weeks prior to illness had five times the risk of a doctor's visit for acute gastrointestinal illness as did children taking only whole milk during the same time period. this increased risk could not be explained by numerous potentially confou ...	1984	6095691
[rotavirus excretion in infants. virologic and immunologic aspects].		1984	6095723
a rapid screening assay for detecting individual rna species in field isolates of rotaviruses.	a method is described that allows the rapid screening of field isolates of rotavirus for the detection of specific viral rna segments. cloned cdna copies of viral genomic rnas are employed for detection in the assay which makes use of the dot-hybridization technique of thomas (1980). the assay developed was shown to be sufficiently sensitive and specific to allow the genetic composition of virions to be determined over a wide range of concentrations. the feasibility of using the method developed ...	1984	6096390
rapid detection of enteric adenovirus and rotavirus: a simple method using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	a simple and rapid procedure for identifying adenovirus and rotavirus in stool extracts has been developed. the technique is based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the virus nucleic acid, but sample preparation is straightforward and does not entail phenol extraction or the use of a radioactive label. furthermore, processing is not influenced by the amount of specimen obtained and is thus suitable for application as a batch testing method. this approach removes the need for specific anti ...	1984	6096404
antigenic variation in latin american human pararotaviruses (a typical rotaviruses)		1984	6096406
[viruses in the feces of patients with viral hepatitis and other enterovirus infections].	direct and immune electron microscopy was used to determine the frequency of finding of hepatitis a virus (hav) and other viral agents in feces of patients in relation to the diagnosis and epidemiological situation. hav-containing excretions from patients were analysed ultrastructurally. the highest frequency of hav detection was established in patients in a water-borne and food-borne outbreak of hepatitis a (ha) and was 40.9% and 36.9%, respectively. in patients with ha diagnosis in the period ...	1984	6097043
[immunofluorescent study of the reproduction of human rotavirus in cell culture].	the mechanism of rotavirus antigen amplification in cell culture was studied by immunofluorescence. reproduction of human rotavirus in cell culture was shown to begin 6 h after inoculation and to be accompanied by a regular increase in the number of antigen-containing cells. a good correlation with the results of electron microscopic studies was demonstrated. the possibility of reliable detection of rotavirus antigen in cell culture by the fluorescent antibody technique at relatively early inter ...	1984	6097047
[detection of rotavirus in the feces of children with diarrhea].	bacteriological and virological examinations of feces from sick children diagnosed as having an "enteric infection of obscure etiology" were carried out. out of 30 fecal specimens 6 showed positive results in agar gel diffusion test with antiserum to calf diarrhea rotavirus confirmed by electron microscopy. the relationship of virological and bacteriological findings and age of the patients was established. differences in the clinical manifestations of the disease in virus-positive and virus-neg ...	1984	6097048
synergism in experimental mixed infections of newborn colostrum-deprived calves with bovine rotavirus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec).		1984	6097066
vaccination of cows with k 99 and rotavirus antigen: potency of k 99 antigen combined with different adjuvants in stimulating milk antibody secretion.		1984	6097069
pathogenesis and immunoprophylaxis of bovine rotavirus infection.		1984	6097086
infectious agents associated with diarrhoea in commercial rabbits: a field study.	over a period of 9 months the occurrence of parasites, bacteria and viruses has been examined in diarrhoeic rabbits from 21 commercial rabbitries and related with clinical signs and gross and microscopic lesions. infectious disease agents have been found in 71.5% of the animals. escherichia coli (atec) were found to be attached to the luminal intestinal border of 40% of the rabbits examined. this was associated with moderate to high mortality, caecal oedema, severe swelling of mesenteric lymph n ...	1984	6097152
[experimental infection of fattening swine with rotavirus: study of local immunity using coproantibodies].	fattened pigs were experimentally infected with porcine rotavirus (osu strain). viral antigens found in the faeces were analysed over a period of two months (elisa method). we have found no correlation between virus excretion and the clinical manifestation of disease. the local immunity has been analysed in the faeces by the coproantibodies antirotavirus. the different classes of antibody, g, m, a and immune complexes have been determined using the elisa method. the level of iga antibodies was h ...	1984	6097155
[viral etiology of gastroenteritis].		1984	6097282
epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants from the area of bochum as revealed by electrophoresis of genome rna.	rotaviruses were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in stool samples from 504 infants admitted with gastroenteritis to the children's hospital of the university bochum in the period from 1979 to 1984. in most infants rotaviruses persisted in the stools for 6-8 days. rotavirus rna was extracted from stool samples from 203 infants. by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, bands characteristic of rotavirus double-stranded rna were detected in 172 (85%) of these 203 samples in which the ...	1984	6097451
[new developments in rotavirus research].		1984	6097517
isolation of a rotavirus from canine diarrheal feces.		1984	6097734
[acute gastroenteritis and breast feeding in gabon. preliminary results].	76 diarrheic infants (from 15 days to 2 years) had a stool examination for rotavirus (elisa method) and a stool culture and were classified according to breast feeding or not. this study was performed in a semi-urban region (haut-ogooué, gabon). the preliminary results suggest a protection by breast feeding against rotavirus and enteropathogenic bacteria, rapid elimination of diarrheic agents may be facilitated by human milk.	1984	6097788
an attempt to cultivate human rotavirus in human leukocytes culture (preliminary report).		1984	6097999
rotavirus in pediatric diarrhoea at siriraj hospital, bangkok, thailand.	between june 1982 and may 1983, rotavirus was found in 29% of 248 pediatric patients between 1 month to 5 years of age at siriraj hospital, bangkok, thailand. among 413 household contacts, rv was detected in 9 (2%) of whom 6 developed diarrhoea. rv was not found in age-matched healthy controls. in a serological study, the serological response was 81% in rotavirus diarrhoea cases (17 out of 21) by elisa. by the elisa blocking test, the seroconversion rate was only 29.6% in rotavirus diarrhoea cas ...	1984	6098022
"enveloped" rotavirus particles detected in culture fluid.	in a negative contrast preparation of human rotavirus culture fluid were found membrane-bound "enveloped" virus particles which had been observed only in thin sections of the infected cells. the "enveloped" particles comprised a single-shelled particle and degenerating membrane structure.	1984	6098053
[enteropathogenicity of bovine coronaviruses under field conditions].		1984	6098103
studies on the growth of bovine rotavirus in cell cultures.		1984	6098104
comparison of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays suitable for the detection of antibodies to rotaviruses in epidemiological studies.	three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays which use commercially available reagents are presented as alternatives to the complement fixation procedure for large-scale detection of rotavirus antibodies. comparison of results in 75 sera tested by indirect, competition and blocking elisa and by complement fixation demonstrated that the elisa techniques were rapid, easy to perform and 26 to 29 times more sensitive than complement fixation; furthermore the elisa techniques permitted extrapolation of a ...	1984	6098473
a bovine rotavirus developed as a candidate vaccine for use in humans.		1984	6098585
[current virus diseases in horses. diseases in foals and respiratory tract infections].	at the moment, horse praxis is confronted by two disease complexes which are difficult to fight against as well in prophylaxis as in therapy, but which get an increasing importance. first they concern virus infections of the foals and second primary virus-caused respiratory diseases. foals get infected during the embryonal/fetal development, in the perinatal or postnatal period. normally the infection is caused by latent infected, clinical healthy mares, or in the postnatal period by ubiquitous, ...	1984	6098971
[rotavirus and acute gastroenteritis in children].		1984	6098983
canine parvovirus enteritis 3: scanning electron microscopical features of experimental infection.	a group of 10-week-old puppies was orally inoculated with canine parvovirus of faecal origin. scanning electron microscopy was used to study and compare the surface topography in both control and inoculated animals. in control dogs the villi were tall and finger-like in shape and numerous irregular transverse circumferential grooves were present on the surface. at higher magnification, the outlines of individual epithelial cells and depressions, interpreted as goblet cells, could be discerned. i ...	1984	6097019
acute diarrhoea and rotavirus infections in young children in kuwait.	the role of rotavirus infections in acute diarrhoea in young children was studied over a period of one year. rotavirus was detected by electron microscopy and enzyme immunoassay methods in 40.2% of faecal specimens from 343 children with acute diarrhoea and in 4.7% of 86 controls. the infections were most common in children aged 2-12 months (42.3%). twelve per cent of the rotavirus infected children were also infected with bacterial enteropathogens (salmonellae, shigellae and enteropathogenic es ...	1984	6083746
aetiology of diarrhoea in adequately nourished young african children in durban, south africa.	two inter-related hospital-based studies on the causes of diarrhoea in african children who were not overtly malnourished, were performed over a period of two years in durban, south africa. the first study involved 126 inpatients selected for previously untreated diarrhoea of less than 96 h duration. on examination and culture of the stools of these children bacteria were identified in 60%, rotavirus in 20% and parasites in 4%. no pathogens were identified in 33%. the bacteria most frequently en ...	1984	6084467
rotavirus infections in high-risk neonates.	during a 12-month period, 260 neonates in a referral neonatal nursery were examined weekly for rotavirus infection. a total of 15.4 per cent were found positive during their stay in the nursery and one-quarter of these neonates had symptoms of diarrhoea. most infected neonates excreted rotavirus in only one stool sample. no seasonal variation was found in the incidence of infections. rotavirus infection was related to low birthweight and length of stay in the neonatal nursery. breast-fed newborn ...	1984	6085100
the major surface glycoprotein of simian rotavirus (sa11) contains distinct epitopes.	the polypeptide specificities on monoclonal antibodies previously derived against the sa11 simian, nic bovine, and wa human strains of rotavirus were determined by radioimmunoprecipitation of infected cell lysates. all the monoclonal antibodies derived using nic and wa were found to be directed against the major component of the inner capsid, while most of the sa11 monoclones were directed against the major outer capsid glycoprotein. when several sa11 glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies ...	1984	6085822
[epidemiologic and electron microscopic study of viral gastroenteritis in kagawa prefecture, japan, revealed three distinct causative agent groups].		1984	6096456
identification of an outer capsid glycoprotein of human rotavirus by concanavalin a.	an outer capsid glycoprotein of human rotavirus (serotype 1) was localized and characterized by use of lectins, electron microscopy and a modified western blotting technique. lectins with specificity for fucose, galactose, glucose and mannose were mixed with purified single- or double-shelled human rotavirus. aggregates observed by electron microscopy were obtained with double-shelled virus and concanavalin a, the only tested lectin with mannose specificity. by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophor ...	1984	6096494
faecal and pharyngeal shedding of rotavirus and rotavirus iga in children with diarrhoea.	in 70 children 0-4 years of age with acute diarrhoea, the shedding of rotavirus and the excretion of rotavirus-specific iga antibody in the stools were examined throughout the period of clinical symptoms. quantitative detection of rotavirus and iga was performed by an elisa technique. the maximal rotavirus shedding was found between the second and fifth day and the maximal excretion of iga antibody about the seventh day, which marked the clinical recovery of most children. throat swabs were exam ...	1984	6096502
[human rotavirus persistence].	among 250 tissue specimens collected by aspiration biopsy from the duodenum, small intestine, and rectum of 187 patients, human rotavirus was found in 50 cases in marked cryostate sections by means of fluorescent-serological examinations. at a total rate of findings of 26.7%, rotavirus was repeatedly detected in 5.3% in rebiopsies during more than 10 months, therefore active persistence of human rotavirus must be taken into consideration.	1984	6098998
[light and electron microscopic studies of experimental and spontaneous rotavirus infection in calves].		1984	6099106
[comparison of diagnostic methods in rotavirus infection: immunofluorescence, elisa and the latex agglutination test].	to examine the sensitivity and reliability of a latex agglutination test for detecting rotavirus in faecal samples, we have tested 145 stool specimens from pediatric patients with or without diarrhea, comparing such latex test to immunofluorescent antibody technique (if) and elisa. among all samples positive by if and elisa, 52.9% were positive by latex test. this percentage was raised to 85.7% when only positive samples from patients with diarrhea were considered. we conclude that the latex tes ...	1984	6099580
[virological and bacteriological research on the etiology of gastroenteritis in newborn calves].	virologic and bacteriologic studies were carried out of samples taken from calves with clinical gastroenteritis and from calves that died at the age of 2 to 10 days. a total of 199 samples were investigated of calves on 48 cattle-breeding farms. in 69 of the cases (34.2 per cent) strains of escherichia coli were isolated, prevailing being those of the o8, o9, o15, o21, o26, o55, and o78 serogroups. three of the strains isolated from fecal samples of clinically affected calves possessed the k99 a ...	1984	6099625
[antirotavirus iga antibody in nasal washes].		1984	6099628
ultrastructural localization of rotavirus antigens using colloidal gold.	colloidal gold was used to localize six of the ten known proteins of the simian rotavirus sa11 within infected cells by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. monospecific or monoclonal antibodies to selected structural and nonstructural proteins were the primary antisera. the major outer capsid glycoprotein, vp7, was associated with nonenveloped particles, with particles de-enveloped by triton x-100 and with both nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions. the protease-sensitive outer capsid protein, vp3 ...	1984	6099654
comparative study of rotavirus strains of bovine and rabbit origin.	newborn calves were susceptible to infection with a rotavirus strain isolated from rabbits and, conversely, rabbits 4-5 weeks of age became ill and some died when inoculated with the rotavirus strain of bovine origin. however, the latter isolate appeared to be more virulent than the rabbit isolate in either calves or rabbits. moreover, in reciprocal cross protection tests, carried out in calves and in rabbits, the rabbit rotavirus antiserum afforded only weak protection to challenge infection wi ...	1984	6099786
[seroepidemiology of rotavirus in a population of children, goiânia, goiás, brazil].		1984	6099909
role of rotavirus as the cause of acute paediatric diarrhoea in calcutta.	of the 245 acute paediatric diarrhoea cases admitted to the infectious diseases hospital, calcutta between july, 1979 and june, 1981, rotavirus was detected in the faeces of 55 (22.4%) patients either as the sole aetiological agent or in association with other enteropathogens. children aged six months to two years were most commonly infected. the virus was detected throughout the year with higher incidence during the winter months of both years. the frequency of detection of major enteropathogen ...	1984	6099923
the molecular biology of rotaviruses. vii. detailed structural analysis of gene 10 of bovine rotavirus.	cdna cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis have allowed detailed structural studies on rna segment 10 of the u.k. bovine rotavirus to be undertaken. the complete sequence of 751 nucleotides was determined and found to contain only a single long open reading frame capable of coding for a protein of 175 amino acids. the gene has an unusually long 3' untranslated region of 184 nucleotides or some 24.5% of the total sequence, whose start was confirmed by analysing the carboxyterminal amino acid o ...	1984	6099939
isolation and propagation of bovine rotavirus in cell culture.		1984	6100726
comparison of the polypeptides of bovine rotavirus serotypes.		1984	6100727
false positive rotazyme results.		1984	6141413
protection of infants against rotavirus diarrhoea by rit 4237 attenuated bovine rotavirus strain vaccine.	a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the ability of rit 4237 live attenuated bovine rotavirus (subgroup 1) vaccine strain to protect against natural rotavirus infection in children. 178 infants aged 8 to 11 months received a single oral dose of rit 4237 vaccine or placebo and were followed up serologically and clinically during a subgroup 2 rotavirus epidemic. no side-effects attributable to the vaccine were observed. during the 5 months' observation aft ...	1984	6143964
an enveloped virus in stools of children and adults with gastroenteritis that resembles the breda virus of calves.	pleomorphic virus-like particles about 100 nm in diameter with a fringe of closely applied peplomers (7-9 nm in length) were observed by electron microscopy in the stools of 20 children and adults with gastroenteritis. in most of the samples no other viral or bacterial pathogens were detected. in form and under immune electron microscopy these virus-like particles resembled the breda virus isolated from diarrhoeic calves. these objects may be a viral pathogen of humans.	1984	6143978
waterborne outbreak of rotavirus diarrhoea in adults in china caused by a novel rotavirus.	during two epidemics of acute diarrhoea in china in late 1982/early 1983, more than 12 000 adults in two coal mining districts were affected. the virus isolated from stool samples resembled a rotavirus morphologically. antigenically it lacked the group antigen shared by known rotaviruses. like other rotaviruses it had a double-stranded rna with 11 discrete segments, but the pattern of migration of the segments on polyacrylamide electrophoresis differed from those of other rotaviruses.	1984	6144874
electron microscopic investigations of rotavirus morphogenesis in cell cultures.	the replication of simian rotavirus sa11 in gmk cells and of bovine rotavirus in calf kidney cells was studied by electron microscopy. by 30 min post-inoculation (p.i.) sa11 virus was absorbed to the cell membrane in the absence of trypsin and became engulfed into the cell; clusters of viral particles were internalized also into cytoplasmic vacuoles. at 2 hr p.i., viral particles were seen in lysosomes and 6 hr p.i., the first progeny virus was found in the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum (er ...	1984	6147993
planar lattices in faeces of babies.		1984	6150267
inactivation of simian rotavirus sa11 by chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and monochloramine.	the kinetics of inactivation of simian rotavirus sa11 by chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and monochloramine were studied at 5 degrees c with a purified preparation of single virions and a preparation of cell-associated virions. inactivation of the virus preparations with chlorine and chlorine dioxide was studied at ph 6 and 10. the monochloramine studies were done at ph 8. with 0.5 mg of chlorine per liter at ph 6, more than 4 logs (99.99%) of the single virions were inactivated in less than 15 s. b ...	1984	6091546
serotypic similarity and diversity of rotaviruses of mammalian and avian origin as studied by plaque-reduction neutralization.	a total of 16 different strains of rotavirus derived from seven mammalian species (four each from human and porcine species, two each from equine and simian species, and one each from canine and bovine species) and two avian species (one each from turkeys and chickens) were examined in plaque-reduction neutralization tests. seven antigenically distinct serotypes were established on the basis of a greater than or equal to 20-fold difference between titers of homologous and heterologous reciprocal ...	1984	6202807
monoclonal antibodies directed against different antigenic determinants of rotavirus.	we have developed a series of monoclonal antibodies against the calf strain rit 4237 (subgroup 1) and the human strain 82-561 (subgroup 3) of rotavirus, both grown in tissue culture, and also against the human rotavirus 81-2162 (subgroup 2), extracted from a fecal specimen. a variety of different specificities was observed among these antibodies, namely, antibodies against group and subgroup determinants, as well as neutralizing antibodies. by using monoclonal antibodies against the subgroup ant ...	1984	6202884
viral gastroenteritis.		1984	6092272
bovine rotavirus serotypes and their significance for immunization.	neutralization assays on calf fecal rotavirus with antisera to two previously described bovine rotavirus serotypes allowed the isolation of four rotaviruses belonging to a distinct third serotype. in a survey of 85 calf isolates, 80 rotaviruses belonged to serotype 1 (91%), 1 belonged to serotype 2 (1%), and 4 belonged to serotype 3 (5%). serotypes 1 and 2 were shown to not cross-protect in a passive immunization experiment in gnotobiotic lambs. ingestion of specific antiserum protected against ...	1984	6092421
radioimmunofocus assay for detection and quantitation of human rotavirus.	a radioimmunofocus assay suitable for quantitation of cell culture-adapted human rotavirus was developed. the method was reproducible, more sensitive than plaque assay, and useful to detect and quantify strains of rotavirus which do not produce plaques. preliminary results also suggested that the technique will be a useful means of serotyping cell culture-adapted strains of the virus.	1984	6092422
sialodacryoadenitis in the rat: effects of immunosuppression on the course of the disease.	eight-week-old outbred male and female crl:cd(sd)br rats were treated with prednisolone (pr) or cyclophosphamide (cy) and were inoculated intranasally with sialodacryoadenitis (sda) virus. the course of the disease was compared with nonimmunosuppressed, sda virus-inoculated rats of the same stock. criteria used to compare sda in the 3 groups, included histologic changes in salivary and lacrimal glands, immunofluorescent microscopy of paraffin-embedded tissues, serum amylase levels, and antibody ...	1984	6208823
[viral diarrhea].		1984	6209435
production of subgroup-specific monoclonal antibodies against human rotaviruses and their application to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for subgroup determination.	nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies were prepared against two strains, s2 and yo, of human rotaviruses isolated in cell culture. s2-37 and yo-5 antibodies had subgroup i and subgroup ii specificities, respectively. the remaining antibodies (s2-65, yo-71, yo-89, and yo-156) reacted commonly with all the rotaviruses examined. all of the monoclonal antibodies agglutinated exclusively single-shelled particles and immunoprecipitated 42,000-dalton protein, a major component of inner capsid. using th ...	1984	6092528
interferon response in colostrum-deprived newborn calves infected with bovine rotavirus: its possible role in the control of the pathogenicity.	colostrum-deprived newborn calves were experimentally infected with cell-culture rotavirus. a similar process of infection was observed when the animals were inoculated immediately after birth or at the age of three days, with a corresponding delay in the onset of virus excretion and interferon production in the later case. with high doses of virus, interferon was produced very early and no symptoms were observed. with lower doses of virus, interferon production was delayed and preceded by a sev ...	1984	6207759
increased "take" rate of oral rotavirus vaccine in infants after milk feeding.		1984	6147727
seroepidemiological study of rotavirus infection in rural ghana.	children in a village in rural ghana were found to have acquired antibody to rotavirus by the age of two years. the results of our study suggest that primary infection takes place early in infancy. fifty-six per cent of the three to 20-months-old had a four-fold rise in antibody levels during the six months follow-up period and 72.2% of them had one or more episodes of diarrhoea compared with 42.8% of those whose antibody levels stayed the same or decreased. the major epidemic season is consider ...	1984	6210042
comparison of indirect double antibody and double antibody sandwich elisa techniques with latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of human rotavirus infection.	94 faecal samples from infants and children suffering of acute gastroenteritis were investigated for rotavirus by indirect double antibody sandwich elisa kit (who, geneva), rotavirus elisa kit (dakopatts a/s, copenhagen) and rotalex latex-agglutination kit (orion diagnostica, helsinki). the elisa techniques gave almost identical results and seemed to be of same sensitivity and specificity. rotalex agglutination had an overall agreement of 88% with elisa. it is concluded that strongly positive re ...	1984	6143499
[immunofluorescent diagnosis of rota-, corona- and pestivirus infections in calves].	bovine hyperimmune fluorescent sera were obtained for indication of the rota- and corona-virus infections in calves, which were highly specific and of immunofluorescent titers within the 1:32-64 range. their testing was carried out via the direct immunofluorescence method, using histologic cross-sectioned material and impression preparations of the mucous membrane of calves died of enteritis as well as cell cultures of fetal calf kidney and organic cultures of calf trachea all contaminated, resp ...	1984	6098987
interaction of mucosal immune system and infections in infancy: implications in allergy.	the immune responses to viral antigens and other environmental agents to which the mucosal surfaces of the neonate are exposed during the perinatal period and early infancy are intimately related to the mechanism of innate immunologic reactivity of the mother-and, possibly, to the immunologic elements in the products of lactation for a breast-feeding infant-and the nutritional homeostasis of the neonate. the role of these factors in protecting against pathogenicity of viral infections in the res ...	1984	6239576
viral diarrhoeas.		1984	6096438
clinical features and laboratory diagnosis of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in infants and children.	this study was undertaken to compare countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (cie) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using rotazyme kit to detect rotavirus antigen in the stools of children with gastroenteritis and to compare and contrast the signs and symptoms of rotavirus antigen-positive with antigen-negative children. over 2 years, 171 infant and children admitted to the pediatric in-patient unit at st. luke's hospital, cleveland, ohio, with gastroenteritis were evaluated. stools ...	1984	6096439
the detection of rotaviruses in products of wastewater treatment.	rotaviruses present in products of wastewater treatment were assayed in ma104 cells by indirect immunofluorescence. levels in settled sewage, activated sludge and effluent were greater than 10(3) per litre in march and april but virus was not detected during later months. this pattern correlated with the decline in laboratory reports of human rotavirus infection.	1984	6096445
a serological survey on rotavirus infection in dogs by immune adherence hemagglutination test.		1984	6096619
study of genetic reassortment between two human rotaviruses.	eight different human rotavirus strains were adapted to replicate in cell culture. in vitro, rotavirus genetic reassortment has been performed between two virus strains, one with a long pattern of segmented genomic rnas and the other with a short pattern in the electrophoretic mobility of genomic rnas. this genetic reassortment was detectable despite the lack of selective markers in the parental strains. moreover, some of the reassorted virus exhibited mixed rna patterns containing extra genomic ...	1984	6097030
epidemiological aspects of porcine rotavirus infection in venezuela.	the prevalence of porcine rotavirus infection in venezuela was studied from november 1980 to november 1981. rotaviruses were identified in 21.3 per cent of 286 diarrhoeic samples analysed by electron microscopy and in none of the 48 controls. rotaviruses were readily detected throughout the year, which may correspond to the absence of seasonal climatic variations in a tropical country such as venezuela. rotavirus infection was frequently observed in pigs that were two to six weeks old and was ra ...	1984	6205426
the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis.		1984	6199812