Publications

infectious diarrhea: an update.		1983	6315297
monoclonal antibodies to subgroup 1 rotavirus.	subgroup 1-specific monoclones were analyzed and used successfully in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to recognize certain subgroup 1 rotaviruses.	1983	6315588
detection and control of rotavirus infections in zoo animals.	fecal specimens from 15 exotic animal species, with and without diarrhea, were examined for the presence of rotavirus, bacterial enteropathogens, and intestinal parasites. a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antigens of rotavirus. rotavirus was detected in the feces of 20 (57%) of 35 of the animals, which included addax (addax nasomaculatus), nyala (tragelaphus angasi), saiga (saiga tatarica), white-tailed gnu (connochaetus gnou), greater kudu (tragelaphus strepsice ...	1983	6315660
comparison of solid-phase immune electron microscopy by use of protein a with direct electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of rotavirus in stool.	a total of 525 stool specimens collected during 1 year were examined for the presence of rotavirus by direct electron microscopy (em), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and a solid-phase immune electron microscope method (spiem) utilizing protein a-coated grids for anchoring of specific viral antisera. rotavirus was seen in 187 specimens; spiem detected 183 (97.8%), whereas direct em and elisa detected 161 (86%) and 166 (88.7%), respectively. no false-positive reactions were seen by eli ...	1983	6315772
evaluation of a new latex agglutination test for detecting human rotavirus in faeces.	four methods for detecting rotaviruses (latex agglutination, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and elisa) have been compared on 57 faecal samples from children with acute diarrhoea. complete agreement among the four techniques was found in 38 samples. one sample was positive by elisa and latex agglutination but negative by the other two. for all the other samples there was agreement among three of the techniques only. in a blocking elisa test, samples positive by elisa only, turned out to ...	1983	6315827
prevalence of bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3, bovine rotavirus, bovine viral diarrhea, bovine adenovirus-7, bovine leukemia virus and bluetongue virus antibodies in cattle in mexico.		1983	6316006
cytokine-stimulated human natural killer cytotoxicity: response to rotavirus-infected cells.	the ability of rotavirus-infected cells to stimulate leukocytes to release a cytokine which enhanced the subsequent leukocyte cytotoxicity to a second set of [51cr] labeled rotavirus-infected cells was analyzed. human interferon increased leukocyte cytotoxicity to simian rotavirus (sa-11)-infected target cells. similarly, 11 of 12 supernates of sa-11-stimulated peripheral blood leukocyte cultures increased the killing of sa-11-infected cells (p less than 0.005). this resulted in a calculated cyt ...	1983	6316244
[rotavirus infection in infants with acute diarrhea. clinical and epidemiologic aspects].		1983	6316454
canine viral enteritis.	canine viral enteritis should be suspected in dogs with an acute onset of vomiting and diarrhea, especially in puppies and where several animals are affected simultaneously. definitive diagnosis requires laboratory confirmation, most often detection of viral particles in the stool. no diagnostic test is entirely specific or absolutely sensitive, however, and laboratory findings should be weighed accordingly. immunization is the key to successful control. effective vaccines for canine parvovirus ...	1983	6316616
longitudinal survey of rotavirus infection in calves.	a longitudinal survey of rotavirus infection in heifer calves was carried out on a closed friesian dairy herd over two successive calving seasons. rotavirus was detected by electron microscopy in the faeces of 45 of 57 (79 per cent) calves examined. on average the virus was first detected at 6.1 days of age. clinically the disease associated with rotavirus infection was of mild to moderate severity. only one infected calf required intravenous fluid therapy. diarrhoea or excretion of abnormal fae ...	1983	6316619
isolation and genetic characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants that define five additional recombination groups in simian rotavirus sa11.	nineteen independent temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were isolated from sa11 following mutagenesis with proflavin or 5-azacytidine. fourteen of the ts mutants fell into one or another of five mutant groups previously defined by recombination. five of the ts mutants defined five recombination groups (f, g, h, i, and j) that had not been previously identified. thus, 10 of the 11 expected mutant groups have been identified in sa11. the prototype mutants of the 10 mutant groups were tested for re ...	1983	6316640
isolation of new serotypes of bovine rotavirus. brief report.	two cytopathogenic bovine rotavirus strains were isolated. the infectivity of both isolates was relatively stable at ph 3.0 and resistant to ether. their replication was not affected by 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. the new isolates shared immunofluorescent antigen with the lincoln strain of bovine rotavirus. by neutralization test, however, these strains were clearly distinguished from one another.	1983	6316874
antibody response in rabbits following oral administration of human rota-, calici- and adenovirus. brief report.	rota-, calici-, adeno- and astrovirus extracted from human faeces were administered orally to eight rabbits. antibody rise was demonstrated in some of the animals against rota-, calici- and adenovirus. clinical illness or virus excretion was not observed.	1983	6316877
ultrastructural evidence for the cellular uptake of rotavirus by endocytosis.	the ultrastructural aspects of rotavirus sa11 infection were studied in ma104 cells, with particular attention directed to the early stages of virus adsorption and penetration. within the first few minutes postadsorption, rotavirus was seen at the plasma membrane, associated with coated pits and coated vesicles, indicating that sa11 virus is taken into the cell by adsorptive or receptor-mediated endocytosis. multiple virus particles were seen, beginning at 1 h and continuing throughout infection ...	1983	6317607
protection studies in colostrum-deprived piglets of a bovine rotavirus vaccine candidate using human rotavirus strains for challenge.	studies were performed to evaluate the potential use of the bovine rit 4237 rotavirus strain as a vaccine candidate against infection with human rotaviruses. initial experiments revealed that colostrum-deprived piglets were susceptible to infection with several human strains, except for those belonging to subgroup 1. subsequently, different immunization procedures with rit 4237 were studied in this animal model. it was found that a two-dose administration, either given intramuscularly (twice) or ...	1983	6317767
detection of rotavirus in horses with and without diarrhea by electron microscopy and rotazyme test.	a total of 142 equine fecal samples (93 field fecal and 49 experimental fecal specimens) were examined for rotavirus using direct electron microscopy (em) and the rotazyme test. eighty-six stool specimens were diarrhea samples. the rotazyme test sensitivity and accuracy as compared to em was determined by the visual (color reaction) and spectrophotometric methods. the overall agreement was 94.8% and 92.3% between em and rotazyme visual and spectrophotometric methods, respectively when suspect re ...	1983	6309476
a study of cytopathic rotavirus strains isolated from calves with acute enteritis.	nine cytopathic bovine rotavirus strains were isolated in ma-104 cell cultures from fecal specimens of dairy calves suffering from diarrhea. isolation of the virus was accomplished from three outbreaks which occurred on dairy farms located in central and southern italy. fecal suspensions were treated with a high concentration (1000 micrograms/ml) of trypsin, and inoculated into ma-104 cell cultures grown out in eagle's minimum essential medium (mem) containing 5 micrograms/ml of the enzyme. cyto ...	1983	6313289
isolation, propagation, and characterization of a second equine rotavirus serotype.	a rotavirus designated strain h-2 was isolated in primary african green monkey kidney cells from a foal with diarrhea. this cell culture-adapted strain was found to be similar, if not identical, to simian rotavirus (strains mmu18006 and sa-11) and canine rotavirus (strain cu-1) and, in addition, demonstrated a one-way antigenic relationship with five human rotavirus strains (p, b, no. 14, no. 15, and yo) of the third human rotavirus serotype by the plaque reduction neutralization test. this is t ...	1983	6309657
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of human rotavirus in stools.	a simple method for the detection of human rotavirus in stools is described, using a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. polysterene microtitre plates were used as solid phase. four capture antibodies were tried, bovine, egg-derived, guinea pig and monoclonal antibody to rotavirus. both bovine and egg-derived antirotavirus labelled with horseradish peroxidase were used as the detecting antibodies. the results obtained were compared with a commercially available elisa, rot ...	1983	6313726
passive immunity to bovine rotavirus in newborn calves fed colostrum supplements from immunized or nonimmunized cows.	colostrum was collected and pooled from each of five cows in three experimental groups: group i cows received intramuscular and intramammary inoculations of adjuvanted modified live ohio agricultural research and development center rotavirus vaccine; group ii cows were injected intramuscularly with a commercial modified-live rota-coronavirus vaccine; and group iii cows were uninoculated controls. pooled colostrum from group i cows had higher (p less than 0.05) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ...	1983	6309660
pediatric viral gastroenteritis during eight years of study.	during the period january 1974 through july 1982, fecal samples from 1,537 pediatric inpatients with gastroenteritis were tested for enteric viruses by electron microscopic and rotavirus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. rotaviruses were detected in 34.5% of these patients, enteric adenoviruses were detected in 4.7%, approximately 27-nm viruses were detected in 1.6%, and at least one of these agents was found in 40.1% of the study subjects. three infections were by an apparently new ...	1983	6309901
infectious gastroenteritis in norfolk island and recovery of viruses from drinking water.	a high incidence of gastroenteritis in both islanders and tourists has been recorded in recent years on norfolk island--a popular tourist resort for australians and new zealanders. no bacterial cause has been found. however, electron microscopic examination of 28 faecal specimens revealed viruses associated with gastroenteritis in 21 (75%). no viruses were isolated in cell cultures. bore water is used for drinking purposes on the island and 32 samples from 15 bores were examined for viruses by e ...	1983	6309956
association of rotavirus infection with kawasaki syndrome.		1983	6309994
use of electrophoresis of rna from human rotavirus to establish the identity of strains involved in outbreaks in a tertiary care nursery.	during two nosocomial outbreaks in a tertiary care nursery, 22 of 102 infants had infections due to human rotavirus (hrv). the time sequence and proximity of the infected infants in the nursery rooms had suggested infant-to-infant spread of a single hrv strain in each outbreak. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of virus permitted demonstration of four different hrv electropherotypes (strains) during the first outbreak period and seven during the second. one of the strains was detected during bo ...	1983	6309996
characteristics and analysis of electropherotypes of human rotavirus isolated in chile.	electropherotypes of human rotavirus from stool samples of hospitalized and ambulatory infants with acute diarrhea were analysed. thirty-two different electropherotypes were observed in 142 cases in which the viral genome rna was characterized. the seasonal distribution of the electropherotypes, from 1979 to 1981, showed that the same electropherotypes were detected throughout the period of study while others were found only occasionally. electropherotypes were also analyzed depending on whether ...	1983	6309997
human rotaviruses and genome rna.		1983	6309998
[antibodies against rotaviruses and their immunologic strain, in children less than a year old].		1983	6314561
inactivation of hepatitis a virus and indicator organisms in water by free chlorine residuals.	hepatitis a virus (hav) and selected indicator organisms were mixed together in chlorine-demand-free buffers at ph 6, 8, or 10 and exposed to free chlorine residuals, and the survival kinetics of individual organisms were compared. hav was enumerated by a most-probable-number dilution assay, using plc/prf/5 liver cells for propagation of the virus and radioimmunoassay for its detection. at all ph levels, hav was more sensitive than mycobacterium fortuitum, coliphage v1 (representing a type of ph ...	1983	6314894
survival and detection of rotaviruses on environmental surfaces in day care centers.	previously, we demonstrated that children in day care centers commonly experience diarrhea due to rotavirus, giardia, and bacterial pathogens. multiple agents frequently coexist, and the environment is heavily contaminated with enteric bacteria during outbreaks. a study of environmental surface contamination with rotavirus was performed during three non-outbreak periods. of 25 samples collected from environmental surfaces and teachers hands at a day care center, 4 (16%) were positive for rotavir ...	1983	6314896
the tecumseh study. xii. enteric agents in the community, 1976-1981.	enteric illnesses in residents of tecumseh, michigan, were studied from 1976 to 1981. the frequency of illness among adults and children increased each year in the late autumn, usually in november. this peak of illness preceded the main period of appearance of the rotaviruses, which were less regularly associated with another peak of illness. rotaviruses were identified in 3.8% of all stool specimens collected; in specimens from children under two years of age, the annual rate of rotavirus ident ...	1983	6310002
the molecular biology of rotaviruses. vi. rna species-specific terminal conservation in rotaviruses.	the use of t1 rnase fingerprinting of terminally labelled genomic double-stranded rna species from various rotavirus isolates, to analyse the near terminal g-residue positions, has revealed an rna species-specific fingerprint pattern covering approximately 40 nucleotides at the termini. these rna species-specific terminal fingerprint patterns were found to be conserved in both rotavirus rnas isolated from various animal species, and in isolates from a single animal species where gross divergence ...	1983	6310030
an outbreak of rotavirus-associated neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.	an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis occurred in two nurseries during 25 days in august 1982. eleven of the 40 patients in these nurseries during that time developed disease (attack rate 27.5%). in seven of the 10 patients with gastrointestinal disease, stool samples tested for human rotavirus were positive by elisa, whereas in 20 unaffected infants, no stools tested demonstrated hrv (p = 0.0001). eleven staff members had serologic evidence of recent hrv infec ...	1983	6310072
completion of the gene coding assignments of sa11 rotavirus: gene products of segments 7, 8, and 9.	improved fractionation of double-stranded rna segments 7, 8, and 9 of simian rotavirus sa11 has permitted their isolation and individual translation in vitro. segment 7 codes for p31 (ns2), segment 8 codes for p33 (ns1), and the segment 9 gene product resembles the gp34 precursor observed in sa11 virus-infected cells. in vitro glycosylation of translation products of segments 5 and 10 was also observed.	1983	6310157
[incidence of viral particles in children with acute or protracted diarrhea, seen at the hospital das clinicas of the faculdade de medicina de botucatu from february 1980 to february 1981].		1983	6310721
[rotavirus gastroenteritis in pediatrics].	during a one year period, 2.179 stool specimen coming from 1.608 children attending our hospital, were reviewed. these children were both with or without gastrointestinal symptomatology. rotavirus determination by an elisa method and routine stool culture were performed to every specimen. rotavirus incident in the symptomatic group is 27,61%, meanwhile bacterial pathogens represent a 27,29%. it is studied the seasonal variation of virus emission and its distribution depending on children age. ac ...	1983	6311067
response of mice to rotaviruses of bovine or primate origin assessed by radioimmunoassay, radioimmunoprecipitation, and plaque reduction neutralization.	sera from (i) gnotobiotic balb/c, cd-1, and cfw mice and (ii) conventional balb/c mice were evaluated by radioimmunoassay, radioimmunoprecipitation, and plaque reduction neutralization, using the wa, sa-11, and wc-3 (bovine) strains of rotavirus as the detecting antigens. the gnotobiotic mice had no antirotavirus antibody detectable by radioimmunoprecipitation and no neutralizing antibody at a dilution of 1:50 by plaque reduction neutralization. all sera from the conventional mice had rotavirus- ...	1983	6311747
detection of antibody to epizootic diarrhea of infant mice (edim) virus.	cultured mouse liver cells containing either eipzootic diarrhea of infant mice viral antigen or nebraska calf diarrhea vaccine virus antigen were equally effective for detecting serum antibody to epizootic diarrhea of infant mice virus by immunofluorescence. the presence of rotavirus in infant mouse intestinal suspensions used as cell culture inocula was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the double-stranded rna viral genome. when the immunofluorescence assay was tested in a limi ...	1983	6316027
the cultivation of human rotavirus, strain 'wa', to high titer in cell culture and characterization of the viral structural polypeptides.	the structural proteins of the 'wa' (serotype 2) strain of human rotavirus have not been described previously. single-cycle virus growth in ma-104 cells using 5 micrograms/ml of trypsin in the growth medium was rapid with maximal viral yields (approximately 10(6) pfu/ml) obtained 10-12 h post-infection. there was a continuous progression of cytopathic effect (cpe) from 6- to 5-h post-infection. under conditions of multiple-cycle growth, a greater concentration of trypsin (40 micrograms/ml) in th ...	1983	6311856
direct isolation in cell culture of human rotaviruses and their characterization into four serotypes.	of 73 rotavirus-positive fecal specimens tested, 39 yielded a human rotavirus that could be cultivated serially in ma104 or primary african green monkey kidney cells or both; 18 were serotyped. four distinct serotypes were identified by plaque reduction or tube neutralization assay or both, and three of these serotypes were the same as those established previously by plaque reduction, using human rotaviruses cultivated by genetic reassortment with a cultivable bovine rotavirus. ten human rotavir ...	1983	6311872
antigenic relationships among some bovine rotaviruses: serum neutralization and cross-protection in gnotobiotic calves.	a method was further developed to screen non-tissue-culture-adapted bovine rotaviruses for serotype, using a neutralization test with infectious fecal rotavirus. one of those rotaviruses (b223) which was not blocked by antiserum to the neonatal calf diarrhea virus (ncdv) serotype was then adapted to cell culture in the presence of the antiserum for two or more passages and hyperimmune antiserum to this isolate had a 60-fold-higher homologous neutralization titer than with the ncdv serotype rotav ...	1983	6311873
detection of a human rotavirus strain different from types 1 and 2--a new subgroup? epidemiology of subgroups in a swedish and an ethiopian community.	a possible new subgroup of human rotavirus was found by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the epidemiology of the established subgroups 1 and 2 and this new variant was studied in two different communities. of 398 rotavirus isolates from malmö, sweden, 26.8% were of type 1, 71.7% of type 2, and 1.5% of the new variant. corresponding figures for 384 samples from addis ababa, ethiopia, were 33.1% type 1 and 66.9% type 2. a total of 87% of the swedish and 79% of t ...	1983	6311970
detection of rotavirus in respiratory secretions of children with pneumonia.		1983	6312006
production and preliminary characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed at two surface proteins of rhesus rotavirus.	a series of monoclonal antibodies was isolated which reacted with one of two major surface proteins of rhesus rotavirus. thirty-six monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated the 82-kilodalton outer capsid protein, the product of the fourth gene, the viral hemagglutinin. these monoclonal antibodies exhibited hemagglutination inhibition activity and neutralized rhesus rotavirus to moderate or high titer. three monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated the 38-kilodalton outer capsid glycoprotein, the ...	1983	6312065
coding assignment and nucleotide sequence of simian rotavirus sa11 gene segment 10: location of glycosylation sites suggests that the signal peptide is not cleaved.	a cloned dna copy of simian rotavirus sa11 genomic segment 10 was used to confirm the assignment of the nonstructural glycoprotein ncvp5 to this gene. determination of the nucleotide sequence for gene 10 indicated that ncvp5 is 175 amino acids in length and has an n-terminal hydrophobic region with the characteristics of a signal sequence for membrane translocation. unexpectedly, this region was also the location for the only two potential glycosylation sites within the molecule, asparagine resi ...	1983	6312090
virological survey of children in nyeri and mombasa. monthly survey of rotavirus in faeces.		1983	6317333
spread of rotavirus within families: a community based study.	the spread of rotavirus infection was studied over four weeks in a sample of 28 families exposed to a child with rotavirus infection. the results showed a high incidence of intrafamilial infection, with 46% of members of these families developing rotavirus infections compared with none in another series of 18 families. children in the families with an index case were more frequently affected than adults: 75% of the children developed rotavirus infection but only 33% of the adults. children tende ...	1983	6309316
viral gastroenteritis.		1983	6312212
clinical uses of the diagnostic virology laboratory.		1983	6312218
molecular biology of rotaviruses. v. terminal structure of viral rna species.	the terminal structure of rotavirus genomic ds rna and in vitro transcribed mrna was investigated using s1 nuclease digestion and 3' terminal sequence analysis. s1 nuclease analysis indicated that viral mrna was not a truncated copy of the genome rna at its 5' end. the 3' terminal sequence analysis of genomic plus strands and mrna showed that they were coterminal indicating that in vitro transcribed mrna is a full length copy of the genomic template. the sequence analysis performed on isolated v ...	1983	6302982
concentration of simian rotavirus sa-11 from tap water by membrane filtration and organic flocculation.	simian rotavirus sa-11 was concentrated from tap water by adsorption to and elution from microporous filters, followed by organic flocculation. two types of filters were compared for their ability to concentrate the virus. both zeta plus 60s and cox aa type m-780 filters were efficient for virus adsorption, but the efficiency of virus elution was higher with zeta plus than with cox filters. optimum conditions for virus recovery from zeta plus filters included an input water ph of 6.5 to 7.5 and ...	1983	6303220
clinical range of neonatal rotavirus gastroenteritis.	a baby admitted to a special care baby unit with profuse watery diarrhoea was found to have a rotavirus infection. a total of 196 babies were admitted to the unit over the next year. routine stool samples were taken weekly from all babies and additional samples were taken from all babies who developed clinical signs suggesting sepsis. a total of 76 babies excreted rotavirus; 32 of these developed a diarrhoeal illness, 12 of whom were severely ill with bloody diarrhoea and abdominal distension; a ...	1983	6303488
dose effect on experimental reproduction of rotavirus diarrhoea in colostrum-deprived newborn calves.		1983	6302970
an electron microscope study of wild human rotavirus replication in cell cultures.		1983	6302447
isolation of a human pararotavirus.	during a survey of 350 different isolates of human rotaviruses, a single isolate with unique properties was obtained. unlike all rotaviruses tested this unique isolate failed to react in an elisa test with antibody directed against the group-specific rotavirus antigen. the morphology of this unusual virus isolate was identical in electron micrographs with other rotaviruses and the virus also contained 11 double-stranded rna segments characteristic of this virus group. the electrophoretic migrati ...	1983	6297152
epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in the highlands of papua, new guinea, in 1979, as revealed by electrophoresis of genome rna.	results of gel electrophoresis of rotavirus genome rna from feces of children in two provinces in papua, new guinea, suggest that the epidemiology of rotavirus infection in small communities with a total population of 3,000 may differ from that in urban or closely settled rural areas.	1983	6298273
production of coproantibodies and immune complexes in piglets infected with rotavirus.	the local immune response of newborn piglets to experimental infection with rotavirus was analyzed by means of coproantibodies, immune complexes, and the detection of rotavirus. immune complexes appeared in the feces on day 4 after inoculation when the production of rotavirus began to decrease; they reached a peak when no rotavirus could be detected in the feces. the presence of free iga and igm antibodies to rotavirus could be demonstrated on day 7 when the immune complexes had already reached ...	1983	6298316
serum and intestinal immune response to rotavirus enteritis in children.	this study was designed to assess the serum and mucosal immune response to naturally acquired rotavirus enteritis in children. serum and duodenal secretions were collected 1 week and again 4 to 5 weeks after the onset of illness from 10 children. in two of these children, the procedure was repeated 12 to 15 months later. another 10 children with bacterial enteritis were studied as controls. the antibody response in serum included a significant elevation of rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin m (ig ...	1983	6301996
replication of human rotavirus in cell culture.	nine strains of human rotavirus were adapted to growth in cv-1 and/or ma-104 cells following pretreatment of virus with trypsin, incorporation of trypsin into culture medium, and use of roller cultures. immunofluorescence was the most reliable method for the detection of virus replication, although characteristic cytopathic effects were produced sporadically by most isolates. virus could be readily detected in supernatant fluids of cell cultures and in cell sections by electron microscopy.	1983	6306163
diarrhea among infants and young children in canada: a longitudinal study in three northern communities.	diarrhea among neonates and their siblings was studied in 98 families living in winnipeg, manitoba, and in 31 native indian families and in 15 inuit (eskimo) families living in isolated settlements in northern canada. the rate of infection due to rotavirus in neonates was significantly higher and infection occurred more often in the first six months of life in the northern communities (range, 0.36 in winnipeg to 1.07 in eskimo point). no protective effect of breast-feeding was discerned, since i ...	1983	6302173
rotavirus persistence in cell cultures: selection of resistant cells in the presence of foetal calf serum.	the lincoln strain of bovine rotavirus, cytocidal for bovine au-bek cells, can establish in the same cell cultures in the presence of foetal calf serum (fcs) a persistent infection that depends on selection of highly resistant cells. in fact, after the induction of the carrier state only a small fraction of the cell population was infected. the parental and the carried viruses are not demonstrably different, the cultures are resistant to superinfection by the homologous virus, the cultures can b ...	1983	6302210
studies on human lacteal rotavirus antibodies by immune electron microscopy.	in vitro studies carried out by immune electron microscopy (iem) indicate that rotavirus aggregation detected in the stools of newborn breast-fed infants with rotavirus infection is antibody-induced. aggregation of rotavirus particles occurred with the iga-containing fraction of expressed breast milk (ebm) obtained five days postpartum and with the iga- and igg-containing fractions of a pool of ebms containing samples collected 2-3 days postpartum. bovine milk fractions also demonstrated this ac ...	1983	6302221
rapid detection of rotavirus in stool by latex agglutination: comparison with radioimmunoassay and electron microscopy and clinical evaluation of the test.	a latex agglutination test (lx) using antisera prepared against nebraska calf diarrhea virus (ncdv) is described for the detection of rotavirus in stool of children with acute gastroenteritis. the test was compared with electron microscopy (em) and radioimmunoassay (ria) with 100 stools positive or negative for rotavirus. out of 53 stools positive in ria or em, 49 were positive in lx and 4 were negative. two specimens negative in em and ria were falsely positive in lx. the method was also tested ...	1983	6302222
biochemical mapping of the simian rotavirus sa11 genome.	biochemical mapping experiments of the simian rotavirus sa11 genome were performed to determine which double-stranded rna segment coded for each of the viral polypeptides. viral rna transcripts were synthesized in vitro by using the endogenous viral rna polymerase and fractionated by electrophoresis in acid-urea agarose gels. the fractionated transcripts were translated in two cell-free systems: micrococcal nuclease-treated reticulocyte lysates and wheat germ extracts. the polypeptide products w ...	1983	6302311
identification of the rotaviral gene that codes for hemagglutination and protease-enhanced plaque formation.	temperature-sensitive mutants of bovine rotavirus, uk compton strain, and rhesus monkey rotavirus, mmu18006 strain, were used to derive 16 reassortants by coinfection of ma104 cells. the parental viruses differed phenotypically in their neutralization specificity, their ability to hemagglutinate, and their requirement for exogenous trypsin for infectivity. when the reassortants were assayed for neutralization specificity and hemagglutination, four phenotypes were observed, indicating that these ...	1983	6299006
analysis of human rotavirus mixed electropherotypes.	mixed human rotavirus electropherotypes were detected in stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis in santiago, chile. these electropherotypes accounted for 10% of 149 samples studied. the finding of extra rna fragments with respect to the regular 11 genome segments suggests the possibility of simultaneous or sequential infection by more than one electropherotype in a single diarrhea event or occurrence of modification in the length of the rna segments during an infection. these pos ...	1983	6299944
serotypes of bovine rotaviruses distinguished by serum neutralization.	fourteen cytopathic bovine rotaviruses isolated from naturally affected calves were characterized serologically by serum neutralization. antisera were prepared in guinea pigs against the three isolates and the lincoln strain of bovine rotavirus. these four rotaviruses were segregated into at least two distinct serotypes (designated types 1 and 2) by serum neutralization. the remaining 11 isolates were also placed into two groups according to neutralization specificity by using the antisera again ...	1983	6303958
virus-specific immunity in neonatal and adult mouse rotavirus infection.	mouse rotavirus (epizootic diarrhea of infant mice) was used as a model to study the role of virus-specific immunity in infection and diarrheal disease. the distribution of viral antigen in intestinal tissues was determined by immunofluorescent staining with anti-simian rotavirus (sa-11) serum. the location and proportion of antigen-positive cells appeared to vary as a function of time postinfection and age of the animal at the time of infection. in animals infected at 1 and 7 days of age, antig ...	1983	6299952
gene coding assignments for growth restriction, neutralization and subgroup specificities of the w and ds-1 strains of human rotavirus.	gene coding assignments for growth restriction, neutralization and subgroup specificities were determined for two human rotavirus strains, ds-1 and w, which represent two distinct serotypes. the 4th gene segment of both viruses was associated with restriction of growth in cell culture. the 9th gene segment of w virus and 8th segment of ds-1 were associated with serotype specificity, while the 6th gene segment of w virus was associated with subgroup specificity.	1983	6300286
adaptation of two avian rotaviruses to mammalian cells and characterization by haemagglutination and rna electrophoresis.	turkey and chicken rotaviruses were successfully adapted to replicate in a rhesus monkey embryo kidney (ma104) cell line. trypsin treatment of virus and cells was essential for serial passage of the viruses. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separated the viral rna into 11 segments with clear resolution of segments 10 and 11. segment 5 migrated with size class i, and this characteristic appeared to be a unique feature of the avian rotavirus genome. the ability of the avian rotaviruses to haemag ...	1983	6300305
electron microscopy of tubular assemblies associated with naturally occurring bovine rotavirus.	three types of regularly constructed assembly have been observed by electron microscopy of rotavirus-containing faeces from naturally infected cattle. two of the structures, designated rotatube 1 and rotatube 2 respectively, are tubular in nature, and the third, designated rotatube 3, takes the form of large relatively disorganized sheets of material exhibiting, in some areas, tubular characteristics. rotatube 1 is a 'wide' tube of approximately 80 nm diameter, the wall of which is composed of a ...	1983	6300306
prevalence of subgroup 1, 2, and 3 rotaviruses in belgian children suffering from acute diarrhea (1978-1981).	the relative prevalence of human rotavirus subgroups was studied during a 3-year period (1978-1981) by means of a sensitive complement fixation technique. among 93 rotavirus isolates from children with acute gastroenteritis in brussels, the prevalence of subgroups 1, 2, and 3 was, respectively 24, 17, and 32%. the remaining 27% of strains could not be typed, but no evidence for the existence of any new subgroup was found. the proportion of strains belonging to the different subgroups remained ro ...	1983	6300316
cocirculation of different rotavirus strains in a local outbreak of infantile gastroenteritis: monitoring by rapid and sensitive nucleic acid analysis.	rotaviruses isolated from 22 patients during a local outbreak of infantile gastroenteritis in october/november 1981 were genotyped by establishing their rna migration patterns on polyacrylamide gels. a highly sensitive silver staining procedure was used to visualize the rnas. it was found that strains with at least four different rna patterns cocirculated and also showed serological differences.	1983	6300317
molecular cloning of double-stranded rna virus genomes.	genome double-stranded rnas isolated from purified human reovirus (serotype 3) and rotavirus (wa strain) were modified at the 3' termini by addition of oligo(c) approximately 15 with t4 rna ligase. these rnas were transcribed into cdna by oligo(dg)-primed reverse transcriptase and cloned after insertion into pbr322 at the pst i site. hybridization of plasmid-transformed escherichia coli rr1 colonies with 32p-labeled viral genome rnas demonstrated the presence of dna clones representative of each ...	1983	6300836
[immunoelectron microscopic detection of viruses in newborn infants with acute gastroenteritis].		1983	6305518
total serum ige levels in venezuelan schoolchildren.	seventy-eight disease-free children were evaluated by prist for total serum ige in order to establish the normal range for this immunoglobulin and assess its utility, in tropical climates, such as venezuela, as a diagnostic tool for clinical allergy. seventy-eight normals were selected from a group of 1053 children, aged 7-12 years from fourteen schools in caracas. exclusion from the normal pool was based on nationality, and on historical, clinical, and/or laboratory evidence of atopic and/or in ...	1983	6640887
[susceptibility of the dromedary (camelus dromedarius) to rotavirus infection].		1983	6672882
necrotizing enterocolitis and human rotavirus.		1983	6571531
[recent studies on the epidemiology of enterocolitis due to rotaviruses in infants and children].		1983	6675850
gastroenteritis in children.		1983	6571966
[rotavirus gastroenteritis - the most frequent diarrheal disease of infants and toddlers].		1983	6616690
[nosocomial rotavirus infections in adults].	in february and march 1981, eight patients and two nurses in a women's ward (internal medicine) fell ill with gastroenteritis. because faecal samples were not available during the acute phase, the diagnosis was made by demonstrating complement-binding antibodies and rotavirus-specific igm, with 14 persons on the same ward without gastroenteritis serving as controls. the illness took a mild course. all patients had watery diarrhoea and abdominal pain, four had nausea or vomiting, but only one had ...	1983	6617521
rotavirus outbreak in a newborn nursery: report of cases.		1983	6618920
rotavirus infection in brazilian children with acute enteritis: a seasonal variation study.	enzyme immunoassay (eia) and electron microscopy (em) were utilized to investigate the presence of rotavirus in feces of 388 children with acute enteritis hospitalized at the hospital santa casa de misericórdia in porto alegre, brazil. the survey covered 12 months, beginning in july 1981. there were 162 rotavirus-positive cases (41.8%). during the period of the study rotavirus was detected throughout the year, but there was a striking seasonal variation (78.1% of cases) during january 1982.	1983	6625073
inoculation of neonatal gnotobiotic dogs with a canine rotavirus.	neonatal gnotobiotic dogs were inoculated orally with a rotavirus isolated from a pup with fatal diarrhea, and in the gnotobiotic dogs, diarrhea was observed between postinoculation hours (pih) 20 and 24. the diarrhea persisted through pih 154, and inoculated pups had clinical signs of dehydration after pih 24. negative-contrast electron microscopy of the feces from inoculated pups revealed rotavirus particles from pih 12 through 154. using an indirect-fluorescent antibody test, serum rotavirus ...	1983	6625322
gross and light microscopic lesions in neonatal gnotobiotic dogs inoculated with a canine rotavirus.	gross, light microscopic, and morphometric changes were observed in the small intestines of 11 neonatal gnotobiotic dogs after oral inoculation with a canine rotavirus. starting in pups killed at postinoculation hour (pih) 24, gross changes consisted of moderate dilatation and thinning of the walls of the small intestine, hyperemia, and a moderate amount of semiliquid-to-liquid greenish-yellow intestinal contents. in the jejunum and ileum of inoculated pups killed from pih 18 to 48, columnar vil ...	1983	6625323
[the role of rotaviruses in the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children hospitalized at the pediatric teaching hospital in brno].		1983	6627312
acute laryngitis associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis.		1983	6631034
rotavirus diarrhoea: an expanding clinical spectrum.	to explore the clinical spectrum of rotavirus diarrhoea in bangladeshi children, we reviewed surveillance data from randomly selected diarrhoeal cases who were intensively studied at the international centre for diarrhoeal diseases research--bangladesh. twenty-seven (29%) of children aged less than or equal to 4 years excreted rotavirus; rotavirus was the only pathogen isolated from 13 cases. seven of these 13 cases displayed the typical features of rotavirus diarrhoea: occurrence in infancy, pr ...	1983	6632033
epidemiology of rotaviruses in a cohort of 45 guatamalan mayan indian children observed from birth to the age of three years.	a cohort of 45 children was observed from birth to three years of age in their natural ecosystem to determine patterns of infection, morbidity, and growth. data from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis for rotavirus of 5,891 extracts (kept frozen since 1964-1969) of weekly fecal specimens were compared against growth, morbidity, and specimen data files, permitting a retrospective description of the epidemiology of rotavirus infection in the cohort. rotavirus infections were uncommon in th ...	1983	6619575
acute diarrhoea associated with rotavirus among children living in belém, brazil.	between january 1979 and december 1980, rotaviruses were detected in faecal samples from 122 (33.1%) of 369 diarrhoeic children less than six years old, living in belém, brazil. in 55 (45.1%) of the 122 rotavirus-positive specimens, no bacteria or parasite associated with gastro-enteritis was found. salmonella typhimurium, shigella and escherichia coli were found in 92 (35%) of the 263 faecal specimens examined for bacterial pathogens. rotaviruses were readily detected throughout the year, which ...	1983	6623597
symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus infections in hospitalized children.	during one year, 871 infants and children admitted to a dutch paediatric ward were examined weekly for rotavirus. rotavirus was detected in the stools of 64/129 (49.6%) children with diarrhoea and in 283/742 (38.1%) controls. the incidence of asymptomatic rotavirus excretors increased from 14.5% in infants 0 to 6 months of age to 65.8% in children of 6 years and over, a feature not yet reported. possible explanations may be the methodology used, the age groups studied, the local hospital (and co ...	1983	6637464
pathogenesis of rotavirus infections.	signs of clinical disease, viral antigen in infected intestines, and infectious virus excreted in feces were assessed in infant mice nursed by mothers with or without pre-existing rotavirus antibody. less viral antigen in intestinal tissue was observed and was cleared earlier, and less infectious virus was excreted and disappeared earlier, in infants nursed by mothers with pre-existing antibody. nevertheless, the course of diarrhea was the same in both groups. in another experiment, viral antige ...	1983	6657979
bacteria, parasitic agents and rotaviruses associated with acute diarrhoea in hospital in-patient indonesian children.	faeces from children (aged from one month to 12 years) with acute diarrhoea admitted to hospital in yogyakarta, indonesia, from june 1978 to june 1979, were examined for the presence of enteric pathogens. one or more recognized enteropathogens were identified in 56% of children. rotaviruses were identified in 38% of all children. toxigenic coliforms (predominantly escherichia coli) were isolated from 12% of children. salmonella sp. (6%), shigella sp. (4%) and enteropathogenic parasites (predomin ...	1983	6659051
rotavirus gastroenteritis in singapore children.		1983	6632809
[kinetics of fecal excretion of escherichia coli k99+ by calves after experimental infection].	complete kinetics of fecal excretion of k99+ e. coli in colibacillary diarrhoea of young calves is not known. six calves received two liters of colostrum as a first meal and uht sterilized milk later. they were kept in isolators. when one week old, they received orally 2.5 x 10(10) to 9.8 x 10(10) k99+ e. coli which are able to grow on adonitol. these bacteria numbered on a minimal medium with adonitol were excreted at a level between 10(5) to 10(8)/g of feces during about eight days. calves a f ...	1983	6351710
an outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis on a pediatric unit.		1983	6554053
whole-gut transit time and its relationship to absorption of macronutrients during diarrhoea and after recovery.	whole gut transit time (tt) was measured in 68 children aged up to 5 years (29 cholera, 17 rotavirus, 13 enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, and 9 shigella) during acute stages of diarrhoea and 2 weeks after recovery. absorption of calories, fat, protein, and carbohydrates contained in a normal bangladeshi diet was studied for 72 h after the first appearance of a charcoal marker in the stool, both during acute diarrhoea and 2 weeks after recovery. mean tt varied from 5.5 to 7.3 h during the acute ...	1983	6669929
influence of temperature and relative humidity on human rotavirus infection in japan.	a climatologic analysis of human rotavirus infection in inpatients with acute diarrhea was conducted over a seven-year period. the infection frequency appeared to be related to temperature, but not to relative humidity. human rotavirus infection was found to appear abruptly when the mean temperature of any 10-day period became less than 5 c (november or december), reached a peak when it was less than 0 c (january and february), and waned when it became greater than 20 c (june and july) in the ci ...	1983	6822748
rotavirus infection in a neonatal intensive care nursery.		1983	6643031
[incidence of rotavirus infection in children hospitalized for acute diarrhea].		1983	6646091