Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| effects of viscogens on rna transcription inside reovirus particles. | the dsrna genome of mammalian reovirus (mrv), like the dsdna genomes of herpesviruses and many bacteriophages, is packed inside its icosahedral capsid in liquid-crystalline form, with concentrations near or more than 400 mg/ml. viscosity in such environments must be high, but the relevance of viscosity for the macromolecular processes occurring there remains poorly characterized. here, we describe the use of simple viscogens, glycerol and sucrose, to examine their effects on rna transcription in ... | 2011 | 21719697 |
| Productive infection of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by porcine circovirus type 1. | Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), a small DNA virus in pigs, recently gained its notoriety when commercial human rotavirus vaccines were discovered to be contaminated by infectious PCV1. Here we report, for the first time, definitive evidence of productive PCV1 infection in a subclone of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh-7, subclone 10-3). Infectious virus was detected in the lysates of infected Huh-7 cells by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and can be serially passaged in Huh-7-S10-3 ... | 2011 | 21742002 |
| Treatment of Acute Diarrhea With Saccharomyces Boulardii in Infants: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial. | OBJECTIVES:: To determine if an oral treatment with a commercial pharmaceutical product containing Saccharomyces boulardii would reduce the duration of diarrhea in infants with acute diarrhea. MATERIAL AND METHODS:: In this double-bind, placebo controlled study, 186 infants, 6 to 48 months old and hospitalized within 72ÔÇèhours after the onset of acute diarrhea in two hospitals in Goi+ónia, Goi+ís, Brazil, were randomly assigned to receive twice a day during five days 200ÔÇèmg of a commercial ph ... | 2011 | 21734600 |
| extraction of food-borne viruses from food samples: a review. | detection of food-borne viruses such as noroviruses, rotaviruses and hepatitis a virus in food products differs from detection of most food-borne bacteria, as most of these viruses cannot be cultivated in cell culture to date. therefore, detection of food-borne viruses in food products requires multiple steps: first, virus extraction; second, purification of the viral genomic material (rna for the majority of food-borne viruses); and last, molecular detection. this review is focused on the first ... | 2011 | 22137685 |
| Prospective evaluation of indirect costs due to acute rotavirus gastroenteritis in Spain: the ROTACOST study. | The effect of rotavirus in developed countries is mainly economic. This study aimed to assess the indirect costs induced by rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (RVAGE) in Spain. | 2011 | 21917176 |
| cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in bolivia from the state perspective. | background: in bolivia, the under-five mortality rate is 54 per 1000 live births. diarrhea causes 15% of these deaths, and 40% of pediatric diarrhea-related hospitalizations are caused by rotavirus illness (ri). rotavirus vaccination (rv), subsidized by international donors, is expected to reduce morbidity, mortality, and economic burden to the bolivian state. estimates of the illness and economic burden of ri and their reduction by rv are essential to the bolivian state's policies on rv program ... | 2011 | 21624421 |
| bug breakfast in the bulletin: rotavirus. | 2011 | 21632006 | |
| enteric pathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in tripoli-libya. | abstract. stool samples from children < 5 years of age with diarrhea (n = 239) were examined for enteric pathogens using a combination of culture, enzyme-immunoassay, and polymerase chain reaction methods. pathogens were detected in 122 (51%) stool samples; single pathogens were detected in 37.2% and co-pathogens in 13.8% of samples. norovirus, rotavirus, and diarrheagenic escherichia coli (dec) were the most frequently detected pathogens (15.5%, 13.4%, and 11.2%, respectively); salmonella, aden ... | 2011 | 21633024 |
| one-step rt-qpcr with an internal control system for the detection of turkey rotaviruses in faecal samples. | turkey rotaviruses are one of the major pathogens responsible for the poult enteritis syndrome (pes). in this study a one step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) assay targeting the rotaviral non-structural protein 4 (nsp4) was developed. the nsp4 is a highly conserved gene inside the turkey rotavirus genome and contains an internal control system to monitor any potential rt-qpcr inhibitors. the detection limit of the optimized nsp4-rt-qpcr assay ranged from 8.15 ... | 2011 | 21816176 |
| genotype diversity of group a rotavirus strains in children with acute diarrhea in urban burkina faso, 2008-2010. | in this study, the diversity of g and p genotypes of rotavirus strains in burkinabe children were examined. between november 2008 and february 2010, 447 stool samples were collected from children <5 years of age with acute diarrhea visiting hospital in ouagadougou. group a rotavirus was previously detected in 151/447 (33.8%) of the samples tested by an immunochromatographic test and these samples were now tested further for rotavirus g and p genotypes by rt-pcr. of these, the rotavirus type gene ... | 2011 | 21678452 |
| cost-effectiveness of universal rotavirus vaccination in reducing rotavirus gastroenteritis in ireland. | we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of universal infant rotavirus (rv) vaccination compared to current standard of care of "no vaccination". two rv vaccines are currently licensed in ireland: rotarixôäó and rotateqôäó. a cohort model used in several european countries was adapted using irish epidemiological, resource utilisation and cost data. the base case model considers the impact of rotarix vaccination on health-related quality of life of children under five years old from a healthcare payer ... | 2011 | 21821085 |
| circovirus and impact of temporary withdrawal of rotavirus vaccines in spain. | at the beginning of 2010 dna fragments of a porcine circovirus 1 (pcv-1) were detected in the monovalent rotavirus vaccine, rotarix-« (glaxosmithkline), and later also of pcv-1 and pcv-2 in the rotateq-« (msd) vaccine. these viruses are frequently found in meat and other products for normal human consumption and have not been shown to cause disease in humans. although the world health organization (who) and the european medicines agency (ema) did not recommended discontinuation of vaccination ag ... | 2011 | 21715979 |
| complications in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus: a retrospective analysis. | acute gastroenteritis (age) caused by rotavirus (rv) is a common disease among infants and toddlers, often leading to hospitalization and, in resource-poor countries, to death. however, little is known on specific complications of severe rv-positive (rv+) age and on the clinical course in chronically ill children. this was a retrospective analysis of data for children <5-áyears of age hospitalized due to age during six rotavirus seasons in three large german pediatric hospitals. the primary stud ... | 2011 | 21833497 |
| comparative evaluation of the potential impact of rotavirus versus hpv vaccination in gavi-eligible countries: a preliminary analysis focused on the relative disease burden. | immunization policymakers at global and local levels need to establish priorities among new vaccines competing for limited resources. however, comparison of the potential impact of single vaccination programs is challenging, primarily due to the limited number of vaccine analyses as well as their differing analytic approaches and reporting formats. the purpose of this study is to provide early insight into how the comparative impact of different new vaccines could be assessed in resource-poor se ... | 2011 | 21679420 |
| astrovirus infections in humans and animals - molecular biology, genetic diversity, and interspecies transmissions. | astroviruses are small, non-enveloped, positive sense, single-stranded rna viruses first identified in 1975 in children suffering from diarrhea and then described in a wide variety of animals. to date, the list of animal species susceptible to astrovirus infection has expanded to 22 animal species or families, including domestic, synantropic and wild animals, avian, and mammalian species in the terrestrial and aquatic environments. astrovirus infections are considered among the most common cause ... | 2011 | 21843659 |
| infection: preventing 5 million child deaths from diarrhea in the next 5 years. | 2011 | 21725348 | |
| enteric vaccines for resource-limited countries: current status and future prospects. | 2011 | 21736257 | |
| use of the state immunization information system to assess rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in connecticut, 2006-2008. | immunization information systems (iis) contain individual vaccination records and have potential use for evaluating post-licensure vaccine effectiveness (ve). a matched case-control study was performed by using the connecticut state iis to calculate rotavirus ve against hospitalization; results were compared with pre-licensure efficacy and with estimates previously obtained by traditional case-control methods using matched controls from medical sources and medical chart abstracted data. case-pat ... | 2011 | 21723356 |
| iron oxide amended biosand filters for virus removal. | laboratory studies were performed to determine if the addition of iron oxides throughout biosand filter (bsf) media would increase virus removal due to adsorption. the proposed mechanism is electrostatic adsorption of negatively charged virion particles to positively charged iron oxides formed during the corrosion of zerovalent iron. initial tests conducted using continuous flow, small-scale glass columns showed high ms2 bacteriophage removal in an iron-amended sand column (5log10) compared to a ... | 2011 | 21708394 |
| comparative review of three cost-effectiveness models for rotavirus vaccines in national immunization programs; a generic approach applied to various regions in the world. | abstract: | 2011 | 21740545 |
| intussusception risk and health benefits of rotavirus vaccination in mexico and brazil. | because postlicensure surveillance determined that a previous rotavirus vaccine, rotashield, caused intussusception in 1 of every 10,000 recipients, we assessed the association of the new monovalent rotavirus vaccine (rv1) with intussusception after routine immunization of infants in mexico and brazil. | 2011 | 21675888 |
| rotavirus vaccination and intussusception--act two. | 2011 | 21675894 | |
| nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in a canadian paediatric hospital: incidence, disease burden and patients affected. | rotavirus is a well-recognised nosocomial pathogen in paediatric settings. although rotavirus gastroenteritis is a vaccine-preventable disease, there is currently no publicly funded programme in canada. the objective of this study was to inform rotavirus vaccination strategy by determining the incidence of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis (nrvge), estimating the burden of disease and characterising the patients affected. we performed a retrospective cohort study of all nrvge cases over a per ... | 2011 | 21723643 |
| viruses exploiting peroxisomes. | viruses that are of great importance for global public health, including hiv, influenza and rotavirus, appear to exploit a remarkable organelle, the peroxisome, during intracellular replication in human cells. peroxisomes are sites of lipid biosynthesis and catabolism, reactive oxygen metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. viral proteins are targeted to peroxisomes (the spike protein of rotavirus) or interact with peroxisomal proteins (hiv's nef and influenza's ns1) or use the peroxisomal mem ... | 2011 | 21824805 |
| experimental infection of pigs with group a rotavirus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in india: gross, histopathological and immunopathological study. | the authors describe a detailed study conducted in assam, india, of gross, histopathological and immunopathological alterations in pigs experimentally infected with rotavirus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) expressing k88 pili. a total of 30 caesarean derived piglets were infected experimentally with rotavirus alone or in combination with etec to study the gross and histopathological alterations and the distribution pattern of different b- and t cell subsets in the gut. villus atroph ... | 2011 | 21706463 |
| characterization of human rotavirus subgroups and serotypes in children under five with acute gastroenteritis in a saudi hospital. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children. currently, there is no published data on the prevalence of subgroups and serotypes of rotavirus in the eastern province of saudi arabia. the objectives of the present study were to assess the rotavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis and to assess the subgroups and serotypes of rotavirus in the children and maternity hospital in dammam, eastern saudi arabia. | 2011 | 21694956 |
| etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children requiring hospitalization in the netherlands. | infectious gastroenteritis causes a considerable burden of disease worldwide. costs due to gastroenteritis are dominated by the hospitalized cases. effective control of gastroenteritis should be targeted at the diseases with the highest burden and costs. for that, an accurate understanding of the relative importance of the different bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens is needed. the objective of the present study was to determine the incidence and etiology of gastroenteritis requiring hosp ... | 2011 | 21725865 |
| Noroviruses as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in Finland, 2009-2010. | Abstract Noroviruses are, after rotaviruses, the second most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. In a prospective study conducted in 2009-2010 at the Tampere University Hospital, 195 stool specimens were collected from cases of acute gastroenteritis in children and examined for noroviruses, sapoviruses, and rotaviruses, using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Noroviruses were found in 49 (25%) of the cases and sapoviruses in 12 (6%). The norovirus g ... | 2011 | 21696253 |
| detection of the first g6p[14] human rotavirus strain from a child with diarrhea in egypt. | we report the first detection of a g6p[14] rotavirus strain in egypt from the stool of a child participating in a hospital-based diarrhea surveillance study conducted throughout the year 2004. rotavirus infection was initially detected using a rotavirus group a vp6 enzyme immunoassay; the p (vp4) and g (vp7) genotypes of the strain were identified by rt-pcr. we sequenced the vp7 gene and the vp8* portion of the vp4 gene and the strain displayed the strongest identity to the vp7 [>94% nucleotides ... | 2011 | 21640199 |
| efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of rix4414 in japanese infants during the first two years of life. | a phase iii, randomized, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy, reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity of a human rotavirus vaccine, rix4414 in japanese infants aged 6-14 weeks when administered as two doses (0, 1-month schedule). efficacy against any and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis leading to medical intervention caused by circulating wild-type rotavirus from two weeks post-dose 2 until two years of age was 79.3%(95% ci: 60.5-89.8%) and 91.6%(95% ci: 62.4-99.1%), respectively. solic ... | 2011 | 21640780 |
| molecular characterization of genotype g6 human rotavirus strains detected in italy from 1986 to 2009. | group a human rotavirus (hrv) strains with a bovine-like (g6) major outer capsid protein vp7 were first detected in palermo, italy, in the late 1980s, and subsequently worldwide. during a 25-year rotavirus surveillance period, additional hrv g6 strains, associated with either a p[9] or p[14] vp4 genotype, have been detected sporadically, but repeatedly, in palermo. whether these g6 hrvs were transmitted to humans directly from an animal reservoir or could have circulated at low prevalence in sus ... | 2011 | 21640847 |
| full genomic analyses of human rotavirus strains possessing the rare p[8]b vp4 subtype. | rotaviruses with the p[8] vp4 genotype are a major cause of acute infantile diarrhea. the p[8] genotype is classified into two genetically distinct subtypes, p[8]a and p[8]b. most of the p[8] strains belong to subtype p[8]a, whilst p[8]b strains are rare. to date, the whole genomes of a few p[8]a strains have been analyzed, whilst there are no reports on full genomic analysis of the p[8]b strains. to determine the genetic makeup of the rare p[8]b strains and their overall genetic relatedness to ... | 2011 | 21640848 |
| a duplex real-time rt-pcr assay for the simultaneous genogroup-specific detection of noroviruses in both clinical and environmental specimens. | norovirus (nov) is the major etiological agent causing foodborne and waterborne outbreaks worldwide. we developed a novel duplex real-time quantitative rt-pcr assay designed for the simultaneous detection of and discrimination between nov genogroups gi and gii, by targeting the short junction region between orf1 and orf2, with sensitivity and efficiency comparable to those of each simplex rt-pcr assay. this new duplex assay was evaluated against clinical stool (n = 82) and environmental (groundw ... | 2011 | 21643768 |
| epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric gastroenteritis associated with new viral agents. | a 22-month study (2008-2009) was carried out on 273 patients (average age 40 months), admitted with gastroenteritis to the pediatric unit of l. sacco university hospital in milan, italy. fecal samples were investigated for rotavirus (hrv), norovirus (nov), adenovirus (adv), sapovirus (sav), enterovirus, astrovirus and bocavirus (hbov). a 38.3% incidence of infection was observed for hrv, followed by nov (16.2%), hbov (13.6%), adv (2.6%) and sav (0.6%). clinical evaluation of 109 gastroenteritis ... | 2011 | 21643788 |
| rotavirus nsp4: cell type-dependent transport kinetics to the exofacial plasma membrane and release from intact infected cells. | abstract: background: rotavirus nsp4 localizes to multiple intracellular sites and is multifunctional, contributing to rv morphogenesis, replication and pathogenesis. one function of nsp4 is the induction of early secretory diarrhea by binding surface receptors to initiate signaling events. the aims of this study were to determine the transport kinetics of nsp4 to the exofacial plasma membrane (pm), the subsequent release from intact infected cells, and rebinding to naive and/or neighboring cell ... | 2011 | 21645398 |
| rotavirus diarrhea among children less than 5 years of age in urban ghana. | we collected clinical and morphologic data from children with diarrhea attending 3 diverse hospitals/clinics in accra. stool samples were tested for rotavirus and cryptosporidium spp. in all, 58% of the children with diarrhea had rotavirus infections, 25% of which were of the g3 sero/genotype. the most common strains were g3p [6] (18.8%) and g2p [6] (12.5%). cryptosporidium spp. infections were uncommon (3/143, 2.0%). | 2011 | 21646938 |
| egg yolk igy: protection against rotavirus induced diarrhea and modulatory effect on the systemic and mucosal antibody responses in newborn calves. | bovine rotavirus (brv) is an important cause of diarrhea in newborn calves. local passive immunity is the most efficient protective strategy to control the disease. igy technology (the use of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins) is an economic and practical alternative to prevent brv diarrhea in dairy calves. the aim of this study was to evaluate the protection and immunomodulation induced by the oral administration of egg yolk enriched in brv specific igy to experimentally brv infected calves. all ... | 2011 | 21652087 |
| estimated economic benefits during the 'decade of vaccines' include treatment savings, gains in labor productivity. | in 2010 the bill & melinda gates foundation announced a $10 billion commitment over the next ten years to increase access to childhood vaccines in the world's poorest countries. the effort was labeled the "decade of vaccines." this study estimates both the short- and long-term economic benefits from the introduction and increased use of six vaccines in seventy-two of the world's poorest countries from 2011 to 2020. increased rates of vaccination against pneumococcal and haemophilus influenzae ty ... | 2011 | 21653952 |
| vaccines as a global imperative--a business perspective. | during the past thirty years, vaccines have experienced a renaissance. advances in science, business, and distribution have transformed the field to the point where vaccines are recognized as a "best buy" in global health, a driver of pharmaceutical industry growth, and a key instrument of international development. with many new vaccines available and others on the horizon, the global community will need to explore new ways of ensuring access to vaccines in developing nations. so-called tiered ... | 2011 | 21653955 |
| acute diarrhoea in a community cohort of children who received an oral rotavirus vaccine in northeast brazil. | rotavirus is an important cause of childhood diarrhoea. a monovalent rotavirus vaccine (rotarix®) was introduced into the immunization program of brazil in 2006. in this study, we describe the incidence and burden of disease of rotavirus diarrhoea in two cohorts of children (vaccinated and unvaccinated). we followed two groups of 250 children under one year old, who were enrolled in december 2006 from a low-income residential area in northeast brazil. the children were monitored every two weeks ... | 2011 | 21655821 |
| detection and full genomic analysis of g6p[9] human rotavirus in japan. | a rare genotype g6p[9] was identified in two human group a rotavirus strains designated as kf14 and kf17, that were detected in stool specimens from children with diarrhea in japan. vp7 gene sequences of these two strains were identical and genetically closely related to g6 human rotavirus strains reported in european countries and the united states. to our knowledge, this is the first report of detection of a g6 human rotavirus in japan. for further genetic analysis to elucidate the origin of t ... | 2011 | 21656185 |
| intestinal and extra-intestinal pathogenicity of a bovine reassortant rotavirus in calves and piglets. | despite the impact of bovine group a rotaviruses (garvs) as economically important and zoonotic pathogens, there is a scarcity of data on cross-species pathogenicity and extra-intestinal spread of bovine reassortant garvs. during the course of characterizing the genotypes of all 11 genomic segments of bovine garvs isolated from diarrheic calves in south korea, a unique g6p[7] reassortant garv strain (kj9-1) was isolated. the strain harbors five bovine-like gene segments (vp7: g6; vp6: i2; vp1: r ... | 2011 | 21658866 |
| cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in the netherlands; the results of a consensus model. | each year rotavirus gastroenteritis results in thousands of paediatric hospitalisations and primary care visits in the netherlands. while two vaccines against rotavirus are registered, routine immunisation of infants has not yet been implemented. existing cost-effectiveness studies showed inconsistent results for these vaccines because of lack of consensus on the impact. we aimed to investigate which factors had a major impact on cost-effectiveness and were primarily responsible for the large di ... | 2011 | 21663620 |
| first description of gastroenteritis viruses in lebanese children: a pilot study. | human enteric viruses are important causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and children. the role of rotaviruses, adenoviruses, human caliciviruses and astroviruses in the development of severe acute gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization of infants and young children in north lebanon was investigated. stool specimens collected between april and may 2010 from 79 lebanese infants and children hospitalized for severe acute gastroenteritis, were screened for enteric viruses by immunoassays a ... | 2011 | 21663874 |
| high prevalence of enteric viruses in untreated individual drinking water sources and surface water in slovenia. | waterborne infections have been shown to be important in outbreaks of gastroenteritis throughout the world. although improved sanitary conditions are being progressively applied, fecal contaminations remain an emerging problem also in developed countries. the aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of fecal contaminated water sources in slovenia, including surface waters and groundwater sources throughout the country. in total, 152 water samples were investigated, of which 72 samples ... | 2011 | 21665537 |
| molecular characterization of noroviruses and rotaviruses involved in a large outbreak of gastroenteritis in northern italy. | noroviruses and rotaviruses from a gastroenteritis outbreak affecting >300 people near garda lake (northern italy) in 2009 were investigated. characterization of viruses from 40 patient stool samples and 5 environmental samples identified three distinct rotavirus and five norovirus genotypes; two of the latter were detected in both patient and environmental samples. | 2011 | 21666024 |
| rotavirus vaccines: safety, efficacy and public health impact. | abstract.ôçé gray j (norfolk and norwich university hospital, norwich, uk). rotavirus vaccines: safety, efficacy and public health impact (foresight). j intern med 2011; 270: 206-214. rotaviruses are the cause of acute gastroenteritis, and disease is widespread amongst infants and young children throughout the world. also, rotavirus is associated with significant mortality in developing countries with more than 500ôçâ000 children dying each year as a result of the severe dehydration associated w ... | 2011 | 21668823 |
| rotavirus infection in a tertiary hospital: laboratory diagnosis and impact of immunization on pediatric hospitalization. | rotavirus (rv) is the main etiological agent of diarrhea in childhood; its laboratory diagnosis is crucial to guide the clinical management and prevention of its spread. rv immunization was introduced in brazilian 6-month-old children in 2006. the present study was aimed to evaluate three methodologies used for human rv detection in stool samples obtained from patients hospitalized due to gastroenteritis in a teaching hospital and report the impact of rv immunization in hospitalization by diarrh ... | 2011 | 21670920 |
| detection of mutations in antigenic regions of rotavirus viral proteins 4 and 7 in a child with chronic shedding of rotavirus vaccine-type strain. | 2011 | 21673551 | |
| modification of the trypsin cleavage site of rotavirus vp4 to a furin-sensitive form does not enhance replication efficiency. | the infectivity of rotavirus (rv) is dependent on an activation process triggered by the proteolytic cleavage of its spike protein vp4. this activation cleavage is performed by exogenous trypsin in the lumen of the intestines in vivo. here, we report the generation and characterization of a recombinant rv expressing cdna-derived vp4 with a modified cleavage site (arginine at position 247) recognized by endogenous furin as well as exogenous trypsin. unexpectedly, the mutant virus (ku//rvp4-r247fu ... | 2011 | 21813706 |
| monovalent rotavirus vaccine provides protection against an emerging fully heterotypic g9p[4] rotavirus strain in mexico. | after the introduction of monovalent rotavirus vaccine (rv1) in mexico in 2006-2007, diarrhea mortality and morbidity declined substantially among mexican children under 5 years of age. in january 2010, surveillance identified the emergence of a novel g9p[4] rotavirus strain nationwide. we conducted a case-control study to assess the field effectiveness of rv1 against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by this unusual strain and to determine whether the g9p[4] emergence was related to vacci ... | 2011 | 21810915 |
| [impact of rotavirus gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization or presenting to emergency room among children less than 5years in france.] | background: in france, rotavirus infections are responsible for approximately 300,000 cases of acute gastroenteritis (age) in children less than 5 years every year, 138,000 outpatient consultations and 18,000 hospitalizations. surveillance for rotavirus infections in hospitalized kids (shrik) is a european prospective observational study conducted to assess the burden related to rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge) in these children. methods: patients less than 5 years visiting emergency rooms for a ... | 2011 | 21807470 |
| economic evaluations of rotavirus immunization for developing countries: a review of the literature. | diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality for children under 5 years of age, and rotavirus is identified as the main cause of severe diarrhea worldwide. since 2006, two rotavirus vaccines, rotarix and rotateq, have been available in the market. these vaccines have proved to have high efficacy in developed countries. clinical trials are being undertaken in asia and africa, and early clinical results found that the vaccine significantly reduces severe diarrhea episodes due to rotavirus (48.3% for a ... | 2011 | 21806398 |
| sequence analysis of vp4 genes of wild type and culture adapted human rotavirus g1p[8] strains. | to conduct a comparative analysis of the vp4 gene sequences of indian wild type (06361, 0613158, 061060 and 0715880) and cell culture adapted (06361-ca, 0613158-ca, 061060-ca and 0715880-ca) g1p[8] rotavirus strains. | 2011 | 21803305 |
| porcine rotavirus closely related to novel group of human rotaviruses. | we determined nucleotide sequences and inferred amino acid sequences of viral protein (vp) 4, vp6, vp7, and nonstructural protein 4 genes of a porcine rotavirus strain (ska-1) from japan. the strain was closely related to a novel group of human rotavirus strains (b219 and j19). | 2011 | 21801631 |
| incidence of acute gastroenteritis and role of norovirus, georgia, usa, 2004-2005. | approximately 179 million cases of acute gastroenteritis (age) occur annually in the united states. however, lack of routine clinical testing for viruses limits understanding of their role among persons seeking medical care. fecal specimens submitted for routine bacterial culture through a health maintenance organization in georgia, usa, were tested with molecular diagnostic assays for norovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and adenovirus. incidence was estimated by using national health c ... | 2011 | 21801613 |
| control and prevention of viral gastroenteritis. | diarrheal illness remains 1 of the top 5 causes of death in low-income and middle-income countries, especially for children <5 years of age. introduction of universal childhood vaccination against rotaviruses has greatly reduced the incidence and severity of illness in upper-income and lower-income settings. for adults, norovirus is the leading cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of diarrheal illness and is responsible for nearly 21 million episodes annually in the united states, of which 5.5 ... | 2011 | 21801608 |
| rotavirus vaccine and intussusception:report from an expert consultation. | 2011 | 21800466 | |
| detection of a porcine rotavirus strain with vp4, vp7 and nsp4 genes of different animal origins. | a new rotavirus strain, sh0902, was detected in diarrheic piglets on a farm in shanghai, china, and its genotype was characterized as g1p[7]. analysis of the vp4, vp7 and nsp4 genes demonstrated vp4 homology to bovine and swine rotavirus strains; the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) identities were 99.7% and 99.5%, respectively. the vp7 gene was highly homologous to that of a giant panda rotavirus strain, with 98.5% similarity at the nt level and 99% similarity at the aa level. the nucleotide ... | 2011 | 21796401 |
| sequence analysis of human rotavirus strains: comparison of clinical isolates from northern and southern italy. | the surveillance and monitoring of rotavirus (rv)-related diseases, preferably through the establishment of sentinel surveillance sites, are essential for assessing the need for vaccination and the projected results of the vaccine in terms of reducing the burden of disease. the objective of the present study was to compare rv strains isolated in northern (ferrara) and southern (galatina-le) italy. during 2007-2008, 115 rv-positive stool samples were collected from children with diarrhea admitted ... | 2011 | 21796344 |
| protective effect of natural rotavirus infection in an indian birth cohort. | more than 500,000 deaths are attributed to rotavirus gastroenteritis annually worldwide, with the highest mortality in india. two successive, naturally occurring rotavirus infections have been shown to confer complete protection against moderate or severe gastroenteritis during subsequent infections in a birth cohort in mexico. we studied the protective effect of rotavirus infection on subsequent infection and disease in a birth cohort in india (where the efficacy of oral vaccines in general has ... | 2011 | 21793745 |
| gastroenteritis in children. | acute gastroenteritis results from infection of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly with a virus. it is characterised by rapid onset of diarrhoea with or without vomiting, nausea, fever, and abdominal pain. diarrhoea is defined as the frequent passage of unformed, liquid stools. regardless of the cause, the mainstay of management of acute gastroenteritis is provision of adequate fluids to prevent and treat dehydration. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to ans ... | 2011 | 21791124 |
| [molecular and epidemiological study on viral diarrhea among infants in lanzhou]. | to study the epidemiologic characteristics of viral diarrhea in children under 5 years old in lanzhou, understand the four major virus in children of distribution. | 2011 | 21789851 |
| [advances and challenges in immunoprophylaxis]. | a significant progress in the management of controllable infections achieved by the early xxi century made it possible eliminate poliomyelitis across the nation, and practically eliminate measeles by vaccinating 96-99% of the children without raising the complication rate. the list of counterindications was shortened significantly, the calendar of immunoprophylaxis was supplemented by inoculations against hepatitis b, rubella, flu, and type b haemophilis influenzae infections. morbidity of contr ... | 2011 | 21789797 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of a universal rotavirus immunization program in japan. | in anticipation of the imminent licensure of rotavirus vaccine, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine in japan by taking into account the considerable variations in the incidence of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations previously reported in the literature. we assumed that the variation was due to local differences in healthcare utilization practices rather than a true difference in the incidence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. thus, a markov model was constructed such t ... | 2011 | 21788701 |
| rotavirus stimulates release of serotonin (5-ht) from human enterochromaffin cells and activates brain structures involved in nausea and vomiting. | rotavirus (rv) is the major cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children. a virus-encoded enterotoxin, nsp4 is proposed to play a major role in causing rv diarrhoea but how rv can induce emesis, a hallmark of the illness, remains unresolved. in this study we have addressed the hypothesis that rv-induced secretion of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-ht) by enterochromaffin (ec) cells plays a key role in the emetic reflex during rv infection resulting in activation of vagal afferent nerves c ... | 2011 | 21779163 |
| viruses in diarrhetic dogs include novel kobuviruses and sapoviruses. | the close interactions of dogs with humans and surrounding wild life provide frequent opportunities for cross-species virus transmissions. in order to initiate an unbiased characterization of the eukaryotic viruses in the gut of dogs we used deep sequencing of partially purified viral-capsid protected nucleic acids from the feces of eighteen diarrhetic dogs. we identified known canine parvoviruses, coronaviruses, and rotaviruses, and characterized the genomes of the first reported canine kobuvir ... | 2011 | 21775584 |
| evaluation and verification of the seeplex(r) diarrhea-v ace assay for the simultaneous detection of adenovirus, rotavirus and norovirus genogroups i and ii in clinical stool specimens. | acute viral gastroenteritis is an intestinal infection that can be caused by several different viruses. here we describe the evaluation and verification of seeplex® diarrhea-v ace (seeplex® dv), a novel commercial multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay that detects 5 diarrheal pathogens including adenovirus, rotavirus, norovirus genogroup i (gi) and gii and astrovirus. we describe a retrospective study of 200 clinical specimens of which 177 were stool specimens ... | 2011 | 21775550 |
| genetic heterogeneity of wild-type g4p[6] porcine rotavirus strains detected in a diarrhea outbreak in a regularly vaccinated pig herd. | group a rotavirus (rv-a) with short electropherotype was identified by ss-page in a neonatal diarrhea outbreak at a brazilian pig farm where the sows were regularly vaccinated with a commercial vaccine containing osu (g5p[7]) and gottfried (g4p[6]) porcine rv-a (porv-a) strains. the ss-page positive stool samples (n=20) were characterized as p[6] genotype by multiplex-nested-rt-pcr assay. the nucleotide analysis of the vp4 gene (vp8*) state that the viruses clustered in p[6] lineages that are al ... | 2011 | 21775076 |
| rotavirus infection activates the upr but modulates its activity. | abstract: | 2011 | 21774819 |
| case-control study of the effectiveness of vaccination with pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in nicaragua. | background:: in 2006, merck & co., inc., partnered with the nicaraguan ministry of health to demonstrate the public health impact of routine universal vaccination by delivering more than 1.3 million doses of the oral, pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5) in a 3-year period. methods:: a matched case-control study evaluated the effectiveness of rv5 in reducing the risk for severe wild-type rotavirus gastroenteritis (rge) resulting in hospitalizations and emergency department visits among children w ... | 2011 | 21768920 |
| effectiveness of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe disease. | objective: to determine the vaccine effectiveness (ve) of complete and partial vaccination with the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5) in the prevention of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (age) hospitalizations and emergency department visits during the first 3 rotavirus seasons after vaccine introduction. methods: active, prospective population-based surveillance for age and acute respiratory infection (aris) in inpatient and emergency department settings provided subjects for a case-control e ... | 2011 | 21768317 |
| burden of rotavirus and other enteropathogens among children with diarrhea in burkina faso. | objective: there is limited information available regarding the etiology of gastrointestinal infections in burkina faso. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and epidemiology of enteric pathogens causing gastroenteritis in young children, with a focus on rotavirus, and to investigate the levels of malnutrition and other clinical factors in association with the severity of diarrhea. methods: a prospective study was undertaken from may 2009 to march 2010, covering the rainy and ... | 2011 | 21763172 |
| antiviral activity of substituted salicylanilides - a review. | chemotherapy of viral infections is still challenging. salicylanilides demonstrated a wide range of biological activities including antiviral potency and the review summarizes this field. niclosamide was described to be able to affect coronaviruses, some salicylanilides and salicylamides could inhibit hiv virus by targeting of hiv-1 integrase or reverse transcriptase. hepatitis c virus is another virus, which could be potentially afflicted by salicylanilides on the level of two enzymes - ns3 pro ... | 2011 | 21762100 |
| incidence assessment of rotavirus and adenovirus associated acute gastroenteritis cases in early childhood. | this study was undertaken to give an insight into the incidence of acute gastroenteritis cases of rotaviral/adenoviral aetiology in patients presenting to the emergency room of an inner-city government teaching hospital. group a rotavirus and adenovirus serotype 40-41 antigen results were obtained via immunochromatography. in 2007, there were 1543 patients with gastroenteritis between 0-5 years of age whose stool samples were tested for rota and adenovirus, of whom 386 (25%) had positive stool s ... | 2011 | 21753251 |
| genotypes of rotavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in seoul, korea. | acute viral gastroenteritis is one of the most common infectious diseases in infants and young children. rotavirus is mainly important in childhood. the present study determined the detection rate, seasonality and g and p genotypes of rotaviruses in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in seoul, korea in 2009. a total of 1,423 stool specimens were screened by elisa for the presence of rotavirus antigens and the rotavirus-positive stools genotyped by rt-pcr. the g genotype was determin ... | 2011 | 21752085 |
| update on childhood and adolescent immunizations: selected review of us recommendations and literature: part 1. | to provide a clinically relevant synopsis of research findings regarding childhood and adolescent vaccines. | 2011 | 21750429 |
| impact of rotavirus vaccination on diarrhoea mortality and hospital admissions in brazil. | objective to analyse the data reported by the national surveillance system of brazil, including data on diarrhoea mortality and hospital admissions before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction, and evaluate the impact of its widespread use under operational conditions. method retrospective analysis of routinely collected data was reported by several surveillance systems of brazil, comprising an 8-year period of all diarrhoea-related hospitalisations and deaths in children <5 years old (2002 ... | 2011 | 21749584 |
| epidemiology and prevention of rotavirus infection: an underestimated issue? | 2011 | 21749188 | |
| monitoring of group c rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in brazil: an emergent epidemiological issue after rotavirus vaccine? | group c rotavirus (gpcrv) has a worldwide distribution; however, its epidemiology and ecology are still unclear. evidence for a possible zoonotic role has been postulated recently for brazilian children strains. the aim of this study was to monitor gpcrv in children ôëñ15 years with acute gastroenteritis during the 2007-2010 national brazilian rotavirus surveillance, and to undertake the molecular characterization of the major vp6 capsid protein. a total of 3,019 fecal samples were first screene ... | 2011 | 21739455 |
| interactions of diarrhea, pneumonia, and malnutrition in childhood: recent evidence from developing countries. | this review highlights recent progress toward understanding complex interactions between diarrhea, pneumonia, and undernutrition among children in low-income and middle-income countries. | 2011 | 21734569 |
| phylogenetic analysis of vp1, vp2, and vp3 gene segments of genotype g5 group a rotavirus strains circulating in brazil between 1986 and 2005. | genotype g5 group a rotavirus (rv-a), which is common in pigs and also detected in horses and cattle, circulated as endemic genotype in the 1980s and early 1990s in brazil. after 1996, g5 rv-a has been replaced by g9 rv-a, becoming only sporadically detected. recently, g5 has been reported in children with severe diarrhea in argentina, cameroon, paraguay, people's republic of china, and vietnam, suggesting that, although uncommon in humans, it has a worldwide distribution. in a previous study, b ... | 2011 | 21827799 |
| development and clinical validation of multiplex taqman-« assays for rapid diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis. | there is a need to provide rapid, sensitive, and often high throughput detection of pathogens in diagnostic virology. viral gastroenteritis is a serious health issue often leading to hospitalization in the young, the immunocompromised and the elderly. the common causes of viral gastroenteritis include rotavirus, norovirus (genogroups i and ii), astrovirus, and group f adenoviruses (serotypes 40 and 41). this article describes the work-up of two internally controlled multiplex, probe-based pcr as ... | 2011 | 21739458 |
| monitoring the circulation of rotavirus among children after the introduction of the rotarixôäó vaccine in goi+ónia, brazil. | the epidemiological features of rotavirus a (rva) infection differ between children from developing and developed countries which could result in differences in vaccine efficacy around the world. to evaluate the impact of rotarixôäó on rva prevalence, we monitored rva genotypes circulating in goi+ónia by monitoring virus in faecal samples from children that had or had not been previously vaccinated. from february-november of 2008, 220 faecal samples were collected from children in seven day-care ... | 2011 | 21739040 |
| summary of effectiveness and impact of rotavirus vaccination with the oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine: a systematic review of the experience in industrialized countries. | the pentavalent rotavirus (rv) vaccine rotateqôäó has been available in industrialized countries since 2006. several studies have been conducted to evaluate the benefit of rv vaccination under routine conditions of use. a systematic review of all publicly available data from rotateqôäó vaccine-effectiveness and vaccination-impact studies in the usa, europe and australia between 2006 and february 2010 was undertaken. depending on the population studied, effectiveness of up to 100% (95% confidence ... | 2011 | 21734466 |
| the rhesus rotavirus gene encoding vp4 is a major determinant in the pathogenesis of biliary atresia in newborn mice. | biliary atresia (ba) is a devastating disease of childhood for which increasing evidence supports a viral component in pathogenesis. the murine model of ba is induced by perinatal infection with rhesus rotavirus (rrv) but not with other strains of rotavirus, such as tuch. to determine which rrv gene segment(s) is responsible for pathogenesis, we used the rrv and tuch strains to generate a complete set of single-gene reassortants. eleven single-gene "loss-of-function" reassortants in which a tuch ... | 2011 | 21697466 |
| molecular characterization of fecal microbiota in patients with viral diarrhea. | the study provides molecular analyses of fecal microbiota of diarrhea patients infected with four different types of viruses. fecal specimens from 52 patients with viral diarrhea (13 each of adenovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, and astrovirus) and six healthy individuals were collected and etiological viral agent was confirmed by enzyme immunoassay and specific pcr. to assess the changes in microbial diversity in patients with viral diarrhea, dna from stool were extracted and characterized by pcr-d ... | 2011 | 21739252 |
| 3,3'-diindolylmethane induces immunotoxicity via splenocyte apoptosis in neonatal mice. | 3,3'-diindolylmethane (dim), a major product of indole-3-carbinol derived from vegetables of the genus brassica, exhibits chemotherapeutic activity and various immune modulatory effects in animal models and in vitro studies. although extensive studies have only focused on dim's beneficial effects, the toxic effects of dim on the immune systems have not been clearly elucidated. the aim of this study was to explore the immunotoxic effects of dim in a neonatal mouse and to further evaluate whether ... | 2011 | 21820497 |
| hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis in the era of limited vaccine uptake through the private sector. | to investigate possible impact of limited vaccine uptake by the private sector since 2007, a prospective observational study included all children <5 years hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis (age) in a tertiary care hospital between 09/2006 and 08/2010. rotavirus (rv) antigen was detected in stools by a rapid immunochromatographic test and genotype analysis was performed on positive samples by rt-pcr. compared to 2006-2008, the likelihood of rotavirus infection was significantly reduced amon ... | 2011 | 21816195 |
| grazing management effects on sediment, phosphorus, and pathogen loading of streams in cool-season grass pastures. | erosion and runoff from pastures may lead to degradation of surface water. a 2-yr grazing study was conducted to quantify the effects of grazing management on sediment, phosphorus (p), and pathogen loading of streams in cool-season grass pastures. six adjoining 12.1-ha pastures bisected by a stream in central iowa were divided into three treatments: continuous stocking with unrestricted stream access (csu), continuous stocking with restricted stream access (csr), and rotational stocking (rs). ra ... | 2011 | 21712600 |
| norovirus infections in children under 5 years of age hospitalized due to the acute viral gastroenteritis in northeastern poland. | the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and seasonality of norovirus infection in hospitalized polish children under 5 years of age, and a secondary aim was to compare the clinical severity of norovirus and rotavirus disease. the prospective surveillance study was carried out from july 2009 through june 2010. stool samples from 242 children hospitalized due to acute viral gastroenteritis were tested for rotavirus group a and adenovirus with commercial immunochromatographic te ... | 2011 | 21732202 |
| effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in spain. | with the aim of determining rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (rvve) in spain, from oct-2008/jun-2009, 467 consecutive children below 2 years old with acute gastroenteritis (age) were recruited using a pediatric research network (regalip-www.regalip.org) that includes primary, emergency and hospital care settings. of 467 enrolled children, 32.3% were rotavirus positive and 35.0% had received at least one dose of any rotavirus vaccine. rrve to prevent any episode of rotavirus age was 91.5% (95% ci: ... | 2011 | 21521947 |
| epidemiology and burden of rotavirus disease in central asia. | background: rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide. new rotavirus vaccines are not currently used in the five countries that make up the central asian region. three of these countries, kazakhstan, uzbekistan, and kyrgyzstan, have a combined total population of 48 million and an estimated 1 million annual births. methods: we conducted prospective hospital-based surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea in three central asian countries (kazakhstan, u ... | 2011 | 21524932 |
| clinical and molecular observations on two fatal cases of rotavirus-associated enteritis in italian children. | two fatal cases of infantile rotavirus enteritis occurred in north italy during 2005. both children were severely dehydrated and death was related to severe cerebral oedema. histological examination demonstrated extensive damage of the intestinal epithelium, villous atrophy or blunting and macrophage infiltration. the two rotavirus strains possessed g1p[8] types and long electropherotype. the 2005 g1p[8] rotaviruses differed in the nsp4, vp3, vp4 and vp7 genes from g1p[8] rotaviruses circulating ... | 2011 | 21525221 |
| rotavirus in children with diarrhea in tripoli, libya. | 2011 | 21526041 | |
| decline in diarrhea mortality and admissions after routine childhood rotavirus immunization in brazil: a time-series analysis. | in 2006, brazil began routine immunization of infants <15 wk of age with a single-strain rotavirus vaccine. we evaluated whether the rotavirus vaccination program was associated with declines in childhood diarrhea deaths and hospital admissions by monitoring disease trends before and after vaccine introduction in all five regions of brazil with varying disease burden and distinct socioeconomic and health indicators. | 2011 | 21526228 |
| rotavirus surveillance --- worldwide, 2009. | rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea worldwide among children aged <5 years. an estimated 527,000 children in this age group died from rotavirus in 2004, and approximately 85% of those deaths occurred in south asia and sub-saharan africa. in 2009, the world health organization (who) recommended inclusion of rotavirus vaccination in all national immunization programs. disease burden data generated from surveillance are important for making decisions regarding whether to introduce rot ... | 2011 | 21527889 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus and cholera in children aged less than five years in rural bangladesh. | despite the known presence of rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in bangladesh, its prevalence, including records of hospitalization in rural health facilities, is largely unknown. in a systematic surveillance undertaken in two government-run rural health facilities, 457 children, aged less than five years, having acute watery diarrhoea, were studied between august 2005 and july 2007 to determine the prevalence of rotavirus. due to limited financial support, the surveillance of rotavirus was include ... | 2011 | 21528784 |
| rare rotavirus strains in children with severe diarrhea, malaysia. | to the editor: we report the identification of g3p[9] rotavirus in children with acute diarrhea in malaysia. globally, rotavirus infections are the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children admitted to hospital. it is estimated that 527,000 children <5 years of age die each year of rotavirus diarrhea (1). strains with a g3p[9] genotype represent a rare group of viruses, initially reported in japan in 1982. these viruses have been sporadically associated with diarrhea in ... | 2011 | 21529427 |
| oral immunization with live lactococcus lactis expressing rotavirus vp8* subunit induces specific immune response in mice. | rotaviruses are the major cause of worldwide infectious diarrhea in children and vaccination is considered to be the most effective way to control these infections. the development of a mucosal live vaccine using the food-grade lactic acid bacteria lactococcus lactis as antigen vehicle is an attractive and safe vaccination strategy against rotavirus. in this study, the construction of recombinant l. lactis strains able to produce the rotavirus spike-protein subunit vp8* in cytoplasmic, secreted ... | 2011 | 21530589 |