Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| conclusion on cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination highly dependent on assumptions. | 2009 | 19428858 | |
| [gastroenteritis due to rotavirus in two year old infants: impact on the family]. | 2009 | 19427279 | |
| variation in antagonism of the interferon response to rotavirus nsp1 results in differential infectivity in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. | rotavirus nsp1 has been shown to function as an e3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates proteasome-dependent degradation of interferon (ifn) regulatory factors (irf), including irf3, -5, and -7, and suppresses the cellular type i ifn response. however, the effect of rotavirus nsp1 on viral replication is not well defined. prior studies used genetic analysis of selected reassortants to link nsp1 with host range restriction in the mouse, suggesting that homologous and heterologous rotaviruses might use ... | 2009 | 19420080 |
| molecular screening and risk factors of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and salmonella spp. in diarrheic neonatal calves in egypt. | the aim of the present study was to carry out molecular epidemiological investigation on enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) k99 and salmonella spp. in diarrheic neonatal calves. fecal samples were obtained from 220 diarrheic calves at 9 farms related to four governorates in central and northern egypt. e. coli and salmonella spp. isolates were examined for e. coli k99 and salmonella spp. using pcr. etec k99 was recovered from 20 (10.36 %) out of 193 isolates, whereas salmonella spp. was reco ... | 2009 | 19419742 |
| [epidemiological trend in rotavirus infections in children hospitalized in the department of paediatrics at warsaw bielany hospital; 2005-2007]. | defining the epidemiological trend in community acquired and nosocomial rotavirus infections in children hospitalized in the department of paediatrics of the warsaw bielany hospital; 2005-2007. assessment of the correlation with respect to age, sex and month of the year. | 2008 | 19418945 |
| [rotavirus infections in children]. | rotaviruses are the most common cause of acute diarrhoea in children. the disease often leads to hospitalization; it is also a source of intrahospital infections. in the last 10 years in poland the incidence of rotavirus infections increased more than twofold in this study we analyse the etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical course, diagnostic methods, treatment and prevention of rotavirus infections. | 2008 | 19418944 |
| diseases in neonatal foals. part 2: potential risk factors for a higher incidence of infectious diseases during the first 30 days post partum. | the development of clinical illness in foals is usually predetermined by perinatal history, management or stressful environmental conditions. | 2009 | 19418749 |
| impact of immunizations on the disease burden of american indian and alaska native children. | american indian and alaska native (ai/an) people have suffered disproportionately from infectious diseases compared with the general us population. as recently as 25 years ago, rates of hepatitis a and b virus, haemophilus influenzae type b, and streptococcus pneumoniae infections were as much as 10 times higher among ai/an children compared with the general us child population. in the past quarter century, routine use of childhood immunizations for hepatitis a and b viruses has eliminated disea ... | 2009 | 19414691 |
| an update on childhood and adolescent vaccines. | in 2008, the recommendations for vaccines in children and adolescents changed substantially. the advisory committee on immunization practices expanded the routine use of influenza vaccines. new recommendations also addressed the newly licensed rotavirus vaccine. furthermore, the advisory committee on immunization practices addressed the use of the meningococcal conjugate vaccine in children aged 2 to 10 years who are at high risk of that disease. finally, the food and drug administration and the ... | 2009 | 19411442 |
| vero cell platform in vaccine production: moving towards cell culture-based viral vaccines. | the development of cell culture systems for virus propagation has led to major advances in virus vaccine development. primary and diploid cell culture systems are now being replaced by the use of continuous cell lines (ccls). these substrates are gaining increasing acceptance from regulatory authorities as improved screening technologies remove fears regarding their potential oncogenic properties. the vero cell line is the most widely accepted ccl by regulatory authorities and has been used for ... | 2009 | 19397417 |
| national rates of diarrhea-associated ambulatory visits in children. | to estimate national rates of ambulatory healthcare visits due to diarrhea- and rotavirus-associated illness before the introduction of rotavirus vaccine. | 2009 | 19394047 |
| impact of transmission dynamics on the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination. | the objective of this study is to estimate the cost-effectiveness of mass vaccination of us infants with the recently available rotavirus vaccine, rotateq. we developed a dynamic transmission model of rotavirus to incorporate herd immunity into cost-effectiveness analysis. our study indicates that a rotavirus vaccination program would prevent about 90% of rotavirus incidence, mortality, hospitalization and emergency department visits annually. we conclude that a universal rotavirus vaccine progr ... | 2009 | 19389452 |
| [epidemiological impact of rv gastroenteritis in the abruzzo region: sdo analysis]. | rv represent the principle cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants in the world. in developing countries they are responsible for a high mortality rate in children under the age of five, whereas, in industrialized countries the rv infection is mainly related to hospitalisation. in order to study the epidemiological impact of enteritis caused by rv, we used the sdo files (hospital discharge code) in the abruzzo region relative to the years 2003-2006. of a total number of 3146 children under the ... | 2009 | 19385333 |
| a serological survey to evaluate contemporary prevalence of viral agents and mycoplasma pulmonis in laboratory mice and rats in western europe. | to evaluate current prevalence rates of 24 viruses and of the bacterium mycoplasma pulmonis, the authors retrospectively surveyed serological data obtained from laboratory mice and rats housed in more than 100 western european institutions. serum samples were submitted to the authors' institution for testing between january 2007 and june 2008. the prevalence of an infection was defined as the percentage of tested samples that yielded positive results for a specific agent. in mice, the most commo ... | 2009 | 19384313 |
| detection of porcine rotavirus from tissue and faecal specimens. | porcine small intestinal sub-mucosa is a cell-free collagen matrix that has demonstrated its ability as a scaffold material. transplantation poses special hazards because grafted tissues and organs transmit pathogens efficiently, especially viruses. rotavirus is thought to be confined to the intestine, causing acute diarrhoea. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the porcine intestinal tissue scaffold for rotavirus and to study the incidence of this virus among pig herds. only one isolate w ... | 2009 | 19384040 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccination against rotavirus with rix4414 in france. | it is estimated that annually 300 000 cases of rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis (rvge) occur in children aged up to 5 years in france. a two-dose vaccine against rotavirus infection (rix4414; rotarix, glaxosmithkline), has been shown to be highly effective against severe rvge. | 2008 | 19382820 |
| outbreak of intra-hospital acquired rotavirus in a pediatric hospital in mexico. | 2009 | 19382387 | |
| surveillance of pathogens in outpatients with gastroenteritis and characterization of sapovirus strains between 2002 and 2007 in kumamoto prefecture, japan. | infectious acute gastroenteritis is an important public health problem worldwide. a total of 639 stool specimens were tested for the presence of diarrhea pathogens. the specimens were from outpatients with acute gastroenteritis who consulted the pediatric clinic in kumamoto prefecture, japan, from june 2002 to december 2007. of these, 421 (65.9%) were positive for diarrhea pathogens. among them were norovirus (nov) in 260 (61.8%), sapovirus (sav) in 81 (19.2%), rotavirus in 49 (11.6%), adenoviru ... | 2009 | 19382269 |
| detection and characterization of group c rotavirus in buenos aires, argentina, 1997-2003. | the role of group c rotaviruses as a cause of diarrhea was examined among children <17 years of age admitted to a hospital in a suburban area of buenos aires, argentina between 1997 and 2003. a total of 1,579 fecal samples were screened for group a (rva) and c (rvc) rotaviruses by two in-house elisa methods at quilmes university (unq-elisa). samples positive, doubtful and negative by rvc specific unq-elisa (n = 246) were examined further for rvc by another in-house elisa (cdc-elisa), electron mi ... | 2009 | 19382268 |
| a novel bocavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in australian children. | acute gastroenteritis (age) is a common illness affecting all age groups worldwide, causing an estimated three million deaths annually. viruses such as rotavirus, adenovirus, and caliciviruses are a major cause of age, but in many patients a causal agent cannot be found despite extensive diagnostic testing. proposing that novel viruses are the reason for this diagnostic gap, we used molecular screening to investigate a cluster of undiagnosed cases that were part of a larger case control study in ... | 2009 | 19381259 |
| detection of caliciviruses associated with acute infantile gastroenteritis in salvador, an urban center in northeast brazil. | acute gastroenteritis caused by viruses is one of the leading causes of infantile morbidity. the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of human caliciviruses of the genera norovirus and sapovirus in children up to 3 years of age with acute gastroenteritis from low-income communities in the city of salvador, brazil. this study is an extension of previous work carried out to establish the profile of the most prevalent enteric pathogens present in these communities. in this repor ... | 2009 | 19377793 |
| g2p[4] the most prevalent rotavirus genotype in 2007 winter season in an european non-vaccinated population. | recently, a high prevalence of g2p[4] rotavirus (rv) infection was reported from brazil, and linked with the universal rv vaccination programme that used the g1p[8] live oral rv vaccine. | 2009 | 19375980 |
| australian rotavirus surveillance program annual report, 2007/08. | the national rotavirus reference centre together with collaborating laboratories australia-wide conducts a laboratory based rotavirus surveillance program. this report describes the types of rotavirus strains responsible for the hospitalisation of children with acute gastroenteritis during the period 1 july 2007 to 30 june 2008, the first complete year of surveillance following introduction of rotavirus into the national immunisation program. six hundred faecal samples from across australia were ... | 2008 | 19374270 |
| annual report: surveillance of adverse events following immunisation in australia, 2007. | this report summarises australian passive surveillance data for adverse events following immunisation (aefi) reported to the therapeutic goods administration for 2007, and describes reporting trends over the 8-year period 2000 to 2007. there were 1,538 aefi records for vaccines administered in 2007. this is an annual aefi reporting rate of 7.3 per 100,000 population, the highest since 2003 and an 85% increase compared with 2006 (835 aefi records; 4.0 records per 100,000 population). the increase ... | 2008 | 19374268 |
| pediatric vaccines in hiv-infected children. | current pediatric immunization recommendations in hiv infection are reviewed. | 2007 | 19372916 |
| experience of pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine among healthy infants in taiwan. | rotavirus infection is the most common etiology of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. the first rotavirus vaccine was licensed by the united states food and drug administration in 1998 but was suspended soon after in 1999 because of the possibility of induced intussusception. this study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a newly developed pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in taiwanese children. | 2009 | 19369174 |
| emergence of unusual human rotavirus strains in salento, italy, during 2006-2007. | in recent years, rotavirus genotyping by rt-pcr has provided valuable information about the diversity of rotaviruses (rv) circulating throughout the world.the purpose of the present study was to monitor the prevalence of the different g and p genotypes of rotaviruses circulating in salento and detect any uncommon or novel types. | 2009 | 19368717 |
| a study on the possibility of zoonotic infection in rotaviral diarrhoea among calves and buffalo calves in and around kolkata, india. | group a and group b rotaviruses are important diarrhea causing agents among calves and buffalo calves. epidemiological studies in indian calves revealed the predominance of group a rotavirus strains with g6, g8, and g10 specificity and group b rotaviruses. a total of 95 fecal samples were collected from calves and buffalo calves affected with diarrhea from an unorganized cattle farm and two cattle markets in and around kolkata, in the state of west bengal of eastern india. rotaviruses were detec ... | 2009 | 19364081 |
| [astrovirus rna detection using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction]. | the taqman-based real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay we developed is sensitive and detects seven (1-7) human astrovirus (hastv) serotypes. we chose conserved regions at the 5' end of the open reading frame2 (orf2) was chosen at the assay targets for designing new primers and the taqman mgb probe that detects all hastv serotypes. real-time rt-pcr reactivity was confirmed with hastv serotype 1 through 7 control plasmids and efficiency ranged from 3 ... | 2009 | 19364039 |
| population-based incidence and burden of childhood intussusception in jeonbuk province, south korea. | the aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of childhood intussusception and to estimate the incidence rate of intussusception before the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in korea. | 2009 | 19362503 |
| detection and molecular characterization of porcine group c rotaviruses in south korea. | group c rotaviruses (gcrvs) cause acute diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide and the evidence for a possible zoonotic role of gcrvs has been recently provided. however, there is little evidence of porcine gcrv infections or of their genetic diversity in south korea. we examined 137 diarrheic fecal specimens from 55 farms collected from six provinces. rt-pcr utilizing primer pairs specific for the gcrv vp6 gene detected gcrv-positive reactions in 36 (26.2%) diarrheic fecal samples. of these, ... | 2009 | 19362434 |
| detection of human viruses in rivers of a densly-populated area in germany using a virus adsorption elution method optimized for pcr analyses. | transmission of viruses via surface water is a major public health concern. to determine the viral concentration in rivers of a densely-populated area in germany, the virus adsorption elution (viradel) method was optimized for downstream pcr applications. using a high-salt alkaline phosphate buffer for elution, the median recovery efficiency from spiked 1l water samples ranged from 21.3% to 100% for jc polyomavirus, human adenovirus type 5, echovirus 11, and norovirus genogroup i. analyses of 41 ... | 2009 | 19361832 |
| experimental reproduction of poult enteritis syndrome: clinical findings, growth response, and microbiology. | poult enteritis syndrome (pes) is an infectious disease of turkey poults characterized by diarrhea, dullness, and depression. five experiments were conducted to reproduce the disease in turkey poults using intestinal contents of pes-affected birds. in all experiments, poults at 14 d of age were divided into 4 groups and were orally given 2 ml of unfiltered supernatant, filtered supernatant, sediment dissolved in pbs, or pbs alone. inocula in experiments 1, 3, and 5 consisted of intestinal conten ... | 2009 | 19359682 |
| rotavirus detection in environmental water samples by tangential flow ultrafiltration and rt-nested pcr. | environmental monitoring was conducted in otranto (italy), from january 2006 to april 2007, to monitor the circulation of rotaviruses in various water matrices (raw and treated sewage, surface waters and seawater) and to identify any correlation with the traditional bacteriological indices (faecal coliforms). the viruses were detected using tangential flow ultrafiltration and reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction, whilst detection of feaecal coliform was performed according to s ... | 2010 | 19357978 |
| shared and group-specific features of the rotavirus rna polymerase reveal potential determinants of gene reassortment restriction. | rotaviruses (rvs) are nonenveloped, 11-segmented, double-stranded rna viruses that are major pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis. group a, b, and c rvs have been isolated from humans; however, intergroup gene reassortment does not occur for reasons that remain unclear. this restriction might reflect the failure of the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp; vp1) to recognize and replicate the rna of a different group. to address this possibility, we contrasted the sequences, struct ... | 2009 | 19357162 |
| [acceptance and safety of vaccines]. | as a result of decreasing willingness to be vaccinated some diseases, which seemingly had been eradicated, may reappear. one example for this is the increase of measles cases in the united kingdom since the 1990s after a decrease of immunization rate in response to a subsequently discredited publication suggesting a link between the triple measles, mumps and rubella vaccine and autism. as the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases decreases, vaccine safety dominates personal risk-benefit anal ... | 2009 | 19353475 |
| global etiology of travelers' diarrhea: systematic review from 1973 to the present. | fifty-one published studies of travelers' diarrhea (td) were examined to look for regional differences in pathogens identified. enterotoxigenic e. coli was detected in 1,678/5,518 (30.4%) of td cases overall, with rates in latin america/caribbean (l. america), africa, south asia, and southeast asia of 1,109/3,302 (33.6%), 389/1,217 (31.2%), 153/499 (30.6%), and 36/500 (7.2%), respectively (p < 0.001). enteroaggregative e. coli was the second most common agent in l. america, found in 166/689 (24. ... | 2009 | 19346386 |
| a longitudinal cohort study in calves evaluated for rotavirus infections from 1 to 12 months of age by sequential serological assays. | using an immunocytochemical staining assay involving six different recombinant baculoviruses with each expressing one of the major bovine rotavirus vp7 (g6, g8 and g10) and vp4 (p6[1], p7[5] and p8[11]) serotypes, we analyzed igg antibody responses to individual proteins in archival serum samples collected from 31 calves monthly from 1 to 12 months of age during 1974-1975 in higley, arizona. seroresponses to vp7 and vp4, as determined by a fourfold or greater antibody response, were not always e ... | 2009 | 19343476 |
| novel approach for detection of enteric viruses to enable syndrome surveillance of acute viral gastroenteritis. | acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases worldwide, with viruses, particularly noroviruses, being the leading cause in developed countries. in the netherlands, systematic surveillance of gastroenteritis outbreaks of suspected viral etiology was established by the national institute for public health and the environment in 1994. since 2002, the total number of outbreaks reported has been increasing, and with that comes the need for sensitive assays that can be performed quickly. i ... | 2009 | 19339472 |
| first detection of p[6],g9 rotaviruses in hungary--an imported strain from india? | eurorotanet was launched to monitor rotavirus strain prevalence during and after introduction of rotavirus vaccines in europe. in early 2007, we detected p[6],g9 rotaviruses to appear in hungary, representing the first documented occurrence of this strain in our surveillance area. epidemiologic data suggested that this strain was introduced from india. | 2009 | 19335818 |
| existing antiviral vaccines. | the innovation of vaccines has allowed for one of the greatest advancements in the history of public health. the first of the vaccines have been the antiviral vaccines, in particular the smallpox vaccine that was first developed by edward jenner in 1796. this article will review vaccination for the following viral diseases: measles, mumps, rubella, polio, hepatitis a, hepatitis b, influenza, rotavirus, rabies, monkeypox, smallpox, japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever. | 2009 | 19335723 |
| full genomic analysis of a human group a rotavirus g9p[6] strain from eastern india provides evidence for porcine-to-human interspecies transmission. | deduced amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a group a rotavirus g9p[6] strain (designated as mcs/13-07), detected from a 3-year-old child in eastern india, revealed a vp8* closely related to porcine p[6] strains (p[6] sublineage 1d), and the vp7 clustered with g9 lineage-iii strains. to our knowledge, this is the first report of human p[6] strain clustering in sublineage id. thus, to further characterize the evolutionary diversity of strain mcs/13-07, all gene segments were analyzed ... | 2009 | 19333549 |
| rotavirus disease and prevention through vaccination. | rotavirus is the most common cause of acute infectious gastroenteritis in children and is associated with substantial morbidity in the united states and morbidity and mortality in the developing world. two orally administered vaccines, a live bovine reassortant vaccine (rv5; licensed in 2006) and a live attenuated human vaccine (rv1; licensed in 2008), are now being used in a universal infant vaccination program in the united states. there is already ecologic evidence and data from post-licensur ... | 2009 | 19333083 |
| prevention of rotavirus disease: updated guidelines for use of rotavirus vaccine. | this statement updates and replaces the 2007 american academy of pediatrics statement for prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis. in february 2006, a live oral human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (rv5 [rotateq]) was licensed as a 3-dose series for use in infants in the united states. the american academy of pediatrics recommended routine use of rv5 in infants in the united states. in april 2008, a live, oral, human attenuated rotavirus vaccine (rv1 [rotarix]) was licensed as a 2-dose ser ... | 2009 | 19332437 |
| first molecular detection of group a rotaviruses in drinking water sources in beijing, china. | the most prevalent group a rotavirus found in the diarrheic children was also determined in drinking water sources including raw water, treated water and tap water in beijing, and then the possible contamination contributions to tap water for human consumption were discussed in this study. a total of 26 raw water samples, 77 treated water samples and 143 tap water samples in beijing were collected for analysis of group a rotavirus from april 2006 to august 2007. according to the results, it was ... | 2009 | 19330275 |
| effect of osteopontin on diarrhea duration and innate immunity in suckling mice infected with a murine rotavirus. | we studied the role of osteopontin (opn) in host responses against rotavirus (rv) infection. opn knockout (opn-ko) suckling mice were more susceptible to rv (strain ew) infection and showed prolonged diarrhea duration compared to wild-type (wt) suckling mice. opn in the small intestine of wt mice was expressed after 48 h post-infection. on day 2 postinfection, mrna levels of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-15 in opn-ko mice were lower than in wt mice, although mrn ... | 2009 | 19327001 |
| concomitant rotavirus and salmonella infections in children with acute diarrhea. | the incidence of concomitant rotavirus and salmonella infection has been reported to be 1.3% to 7.4%. we designed this study to compare the clinical manifestations in children infected with rotavirus, salmonella, or both. | 2009 | 19326832 |
| two peculiar issues on pediatric enteric infections in taiwan: pseudomonas aeruginosa and polymicrobial infections. | 2009 | 19326830 | |
| rota and pneumococcus vaccine success stories: pediatric emergency practitioners wonder "where have the kids gone?". | 2009 | 19320052 | |
| genomic characterization of human rotavirus g8 strains from the african rotavirus network: relationship to animal rotaviruses. | global rotavirus surveillance has led to the detection of many unusual human rotavirus (hrv) genotypes. during 1996-2004 surveillance within the african rotavirus network (arn), six p[8],g8 and two p[6],g8 human rotavirus strains were identified. gene fragments (rt-pcr amplicons) of all 11-gene segments of these g8 strains were sequenced in order to elucidate their genetic and evolutionary relationships. phylogenetic and sequence analyses of each gene segment revealed high similarities (88-100% ... | 2009 | 19319943 |
| epidemiological, clinical, and molecular features of norovirus infections in western india. | the study was conducted to investigate the molecular epidemiology of noroviruses (novs) from western india. a total of 830 fecal specimens were collected during july 2005-june 2007 from children, < or =7 years of age suffering from acute gastroenteritis in pune, nagpur, and aurangabad cities. all the specimens were subjected to rt-pcr, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis for detection and characterization of genogroup i (gi) and gii novs. nov positivity varied between 6.3% and 12.6% in differen ... | 2009 | 19319938 |
| incidence and risk factors for community-acquired acute gastroenteritis in north-west germany in 2004. | in developed countries, acute gastroenteritis (age) is a major source of morbidity. however, only a few studies have estimated its incidence and the associated medical burden. this population-based study determined the incidence of community-acquired age patients seeking medical care and the relative role of various pathogens. stool samples from patients with age presenting to a general practitioner (gp), pediatrician, or specialist in internal medicine for that reason were screened for various ... | 2009 | 19319582 |
| cholangiocyte secretion of chemokines in experimental biliary atresia. | biliary atresia (ba) is a disease of the newborn that results in obstruction of the biliary tree. the cause of ba remains unknown; however, recent studies using the murine model of biliary atresia have found that rotavirus infection of the biliary epithelial cell (cholangiocyte) triggers an inflammatory response. we hypothesized that rotavirus infection of cholangiocytes results in the release of chemokines, important mediators of the host immune response. | 2009 | 19302848 |
| detection of infectious rotavirus in naturally contaminated source waters for drinking water production. | to assess public health risks of rotavirus via drinking water consumption, a cell culture-pcr assay was developed and optimized for the detection of infectious environmental rotavirus strains in naturally contaminated source waters for drinking water production. | 2009 | 19302334 |
| colon in acute intestinal infection. | the colon is actively implicated in intestinal infections not only as a target of enteric pathogens and their products but also as a target organ for treatment. in the presence of diarrhea, both of osmotic and secretory nature, the colon reacts with homeostatic mechanisms to increase ion absorption. these mechanisms can be effectively exploited to decrease fluid discharge. a model of intestinal infections using rotavirus (rv) in colonic cells was set up and used to define a dual model of secreto ... | 2009 | 19300128 |
| rotavirus and coxsackievirus infection activated different profiles of toll-like receptors and chemokines in intestinal epithelial cells. | to understand the inflammatory-immune response in intestinal epithelial cells after infection of rotavirus and coxsackievirus b3. | 2009 | 19296205 |
| live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine, rix4414, provides clinical protection in infants against rotavirus strains with and without shared g and p genotypes: integrated analysis of randomized controlled trials. | : the 2-dose, oral live attenuated human g1p[8] rotavirus vaccine (rix4414) is highly effective against rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by circulating g1 and non-g1 types. an integrated analysis on vaccine efficacy was undertaken to obtain more precise estimates of the overall protective effect of the rix4414 vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis due to common rotavirus types (g1, g3, g4, g9, p[8]) and less commonly encountered strains such as g2p[4] across heterogenous settings. | 2009 | 19289978 |
| expression and characterization of human group c rotavirus virus-like particles in insect cells. | group c rotavirus (gpc rv) is a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. we expressed the three major capsid proteins vp2, vp6 and vp7 of human gpc rv in baculovirus and demonstrated the self-assembly of vp2/6/7 or vp6/7 virus-like particles (vlps) in insect cells. we examined a number of parameters, including the kinetics of protein synthesis in different cell lines and media, to optimize the most favorable conditions for the synthesis of recombinant viral proteins and t ... | 2009 | 19285329 |
| cdc recommendations expand vaccine indications. | 2009 | 19284941 | |
| rotavirus vaccines--early success, remaining questions. | 2009 | 19279338 | |
| immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of human rotavirus vaccine (rix4414) in indian infants. | this study was undertaken to assess the immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of two doses of an oral live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine, strain rix4414 (rotarix()) in an indian setting. | 2009 | 19276664 |
| rotavirus infections among hiv-infected children in nairobi, kenya. | human rotaviruses have emerged as a leading cause of acute diarrhea in children <5 years of age worldwide. although there are previous reports relating to various aspects of rotaviruses, there is limited data on the involvement of rotavirus infection in hiv-infected children. we therefore evaluated the importance of rotavirus infections in hiv-related diarrhea in kenyan children. fecal samples were collected from a total of 207 children during the period february 1999 to june 2000 and screened f ... | 2009 | 19276145 |
| children with the le(a+b-) blood group have increased susceptibility to diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli expressing colonization factor i group fimbriae. | recent studies have shown that children with blood group a have increased susceptibility to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) diarrhea and that lewis blood group "a" antigen (le(a)) may be a candidate receptor for etec colonization factor (cf) antigen i (cfa/i) fimbriae. based on these findings, we have attempted to determine if children with the le(a+b-) phenotype may be more susceptible to diarrhea caused by etec, in particular etec expressing cfa/i and related fimbriae of the cfa/i grou ... | 2009 | 19273560 |
| fresh from the biologic pipeline. | 2009 | 19270664 | |
| detection of adenoviruses and rotaviruses in drinking water sources used in rural areas of benin, west africa. | diseases associated with viruses also found in environmental samples cause major health problems in developing countries. little is known about the frequency and pattern of viral contamination of drinking water sources in these resource-poor settings. we established a method to analyze 10 liters of water from drinking water sources in a rural area of benin for the presence of adenoviruses and rotaviruses. overall, 541 samples from 287 drinking water sources were tested. a total of 12.9% of the s ... | 2009 | 19270143 |
| acute viral gastroenteritis among hospitalized children between 2003 and 2005 in baranya county, hungary. | 2009 | 19268630 | |
| oral diosmectite reduces stool output and diarrhea duration in children with acute watery diarrhea. | diosmectite is a clay used to treat children with acute watery diarrhea. however, its effects on stool output reduction, the key outcome for pediatric antidiarrheal drugs, have not been shown. | 2009 | 19268266 |
| improved strategies for sequence-independent amplification and sequencing of viral double-stranded rna genomes. | this paper reports significant improvements in the efficacy of sequence-independent amplification and quality of sequencing of viruses with segmented double-stranded rna (dsrna) genomes. we demonstrate that most remaining bottlenecks in dsrna virus genome characterization have now been eliminated. both the amplification and sequencing technologies used require no previous sequence knowledge of the viral dsrna, there is no longer a need to separate genome segments or amplicons and the sequence-de ... | 2009 | 19264638 |
| diversity of the g3 genes of human rotaviruses in isolates from spain from 2004 to 2006: cross-species transmission and inter-genotype recombination generates alleles. | rotavirus evolves by using multiple genetic mechanisms which are an accumulation of spontaneous point mutations and reassortment events. other mechanisms, such as cross-species transmission and inter-genotype recombination, may be also involved. one of the most interesting genotypes in the accumulation of these events is the g3 genotype. in this work, six new spanish g3 sequences belonging to 0-2-year-old patients from madrid were analysed and compared with 160 others of the same genotype obtain ... | 2009 | 19264637 |
| rotavirus meningoencephalitis in a previously healthy child and a review of the literature. | a 31/2-year-old child presented with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis and evidence of central nervous system disease. evaluation revealed findings consistent with meningoencephalitis and rotavirus detected in the cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction. a review of the literature describes 23 cases of central nervous system disease attributed to rotavirus. | 2009 | 19258926 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus-associated hospital admissions in the province of ferrara, italy. | hospital discharge forms with specific codes for rotavirus gastroenteritis in children 0 to 14 years of age were reviewed in the period 2003-2005 in the province of ferrara. | 2009 | 19255784 |
| burden of acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency department visits in us children that is potentially preventable by rotavirus vaccination: a probe study using the now-withdrawn rotashield vaccine. | with the implementation of a new rotavirus immunization program in the united states in 2006, determining the potential health benefits of rotavirus vaccination is important. we estimated the burden of acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency department visits in us children that are potentially preventable by rotavirus vaccination. | 2009 | 19254997 |
| hospital-based surveillance to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis among european children younger than 5 years of age. | rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization in young children. data on the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis are needed to guide recommendations for rotavirus vaccine use. this study was undertaken to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in european children <5 years of age. | 2009 | 19254975 |
| cloning and expression of simian rotavirus spike protein (vp4) in insect cells by baculovirus expression system. | vp4 protein is as spikes on rotavirus outer capsid shell which is responsible for virus attachment to the host. vp4 induces production of neutralizing antibodies which could be used for serotyping of different isolates. | 2009 | 19252673 |
| re: use of polymerase chain reaction for the differentiation of group a bovine rotavirus g6, g8, and g10 genotypes in the north island of new zealand. | 2009 | 19252547 | |
| the ever-changing landscape of rotavirus serotypes. | rotavirus is a double-stranded rna virus that is characterized by substantial genetic diversity. the various serotypes of rotavirus have been determined by the presence of neutralizing epitopes on the outer capsid of the protein shell. at present, 5 rotavirus serotypes (g1, g2, g3, g4, g9) are the predominant circulating strains, accounting for approximately 95% of strains worldwide, although there is considerable geographic variability. incidence rates for various serotypes also vary temporally ... | 2009 | 19252426 |
| mechanisms of protection against rotavirus infection and disease. | rotavirus is a double-stranded rna virus composed of 3 protein layers. these layers contain structural proteins (eg, vp4, vp6, and vp7) that are involved in the induction of immunity. despite extensive research in animal models and humans, the mechanisms and effectors of protection against rotavirus after either natural infection or vaccination remain unclear. complicating factors include the variety of immunologic responses produced after both natural infection and vaccination, and the fact tha ... | 2009 | 19252425 |
| protective effects of natural rotavirus infection. | rotavirus is a ubiquitous infection that is the leading cause of severe diarrhea worldwide. severe infections are most commonly observed in the first 2 years of life. rotavirus-induced diarrhea is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality rates and socioeconomic costs with adverse outcomes particularly prevalent in developing countries. the natural history of rotavirus infection can provide guidance for the development and optimization of an effective vaccine. epidemiologic studies hav ... | 2009 | 19252424 |
| rotavirus overview. | rotaviral gastroenteritis is a serious public health problem in both developed and developing countries. the disease is ubiquitous, affecting nearly all children by the age of 5 years. it is the most common cause of hospitalizations for gastroenteritis among children in the united states (30%-70% depending on the season) and is associated with direct and indirect costs of approximately $1 billion per year. symptoms of rotaviral gastroenteritis are nonspecific (ie, diarrhea, vomiting, and fever), ... | 2009 | 19252423 |
| the changing epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis. introduction. | 2009 | 19252422 | |
| evidence of interspecies transmission and reassortment among avian group a rotaviruses. | avian rotaviruses are broadly distributed among birds, but only scarcely characterized on the molecular level. the vp4-, vp6-, vp7- and nsp5-encoding sequences of eight group a rotaviruses from chickens and turkeys determined here indicate a low degree of sequence similarity with mammalian rotaviruses. an nsp6-encoding region was missing in all chicken isolates except for isolate ch2. four novel genotypes (p[30], p[31], g22 and h8) were assigned by the rotavirus classification working group. gen ... | 2009 | 19249805 |
| [detection of a rotavirus g9p[8] outbreak causing gastroenteritis in a geriatric nursing home]. | the aim of this study was to describe an outbreak of gastroenteritis due to rotavirus in a geriatric nursing home. | 2009 | 19249129 |
| relative cd4 lymphopenia and a skewed memory phenotype are the main immunologic abnormalities in a child with omenn syndrome due to homozygous rag1-c2633t hypomorphic mutation. | we report a child with omenn syndrome (os) due to homozygous rag1-c2633t mutations who had an unusual clinical and immunological presentation. she had delayed onset of os-associated clinical features, had cleared a number of potentially fatal pathogens including respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza-3 virus and rotavirus, and was thriving at diagnosis. laboratory assessment showed normal t and b lymphocyte number and function. t-cell-receptor repertoire in the blood was relatively diverse a ... | 2009 | 19246248 |
| dideoxy fluoro-ketopyranosyl nucleosides as potent antiviral agents: synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,3- and 3,4-dideoxy-3-fluoro-4- and -2-keto-beta-d-glucopyranosyl derivatives of n(4)-benzoyl cytosine. | the synthesis of the dideoxy fluoro ketopyranonucleoside analogues, 1-(2,3-dideoxy-3-fluoro-6-o-trityl-beta-d-glycero-hexopyranosyl-4-ulose)-n(4)-benzoyl cytosine (7a), 1-(3,4-dideoxy-3-fluoro-6-o-trityl-beta-d-glycero-hexopyranosyl-2-ulose)-n(4)-benzoyl cytosine (13a) and their detritylated analogues 8a and 14a, respectively, is described. condensation of peracetylated 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-d-glucopyranose (1) with silylated n(4)-benzoyl cytosine, followed by selective deprotection and isopropyliden ... | 2009 | 19246130 |
| the first complete genome sequence of a chicken group a rotavirus indicates independent evolution of mammalian and avian strains. | group a rotaviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. transmission between mammalian species and humans has been demonstrated repeatedly. here, the first entire genome sequence (19,064 bp) of a chicken rotavirus, strain ch-02v0002g3, is presented. a low degree of nucleotide sequence identity with the mammalian group a rotaviruses is evident for all 11 genome segments, whereas a closer relationship to available rotavirus sequences from avian species has been determined ... | 2009 | 19246068 |
| [epidemiological and clinical study of diarrhea by rotavirus in children <5 years of age attended in medical centers of the miranda state, venezuela]. | to have a better knowledge of the epidemiological and clinical aspects of rotavirus (rv) infection treated at out-patient clinics, we carried out a study in five centers (one hospital type i, and four out-patient clinics) of miranda state, between february 2006 and january 2007. we evaluated 194 children <5 years old with acute diarrhea and analyzed the following characteristics: gender, age, socioeconomic condition, breastfeeding, nutritional status, clinical characteristics, rotavirus diagnosi ... | 2008 | 19245168 |
| rotavirus antagonizes cellular antiviral responses by inhibiting the nuclear accumulation of stat1, stat2, and nf-kappab. | a vital arm of the innate immune response to viral infection is the induction and subsequent antiviral effects of interferon (ifn). rotavirus reduces type i ifn induction in infected cells by the degradation of ifn regulatory factors. here, we show that the monkey rotavirus rrv and human rotavirus wa also block gene expression induced by type i and ii ifns through a mechanism allowing signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (stat1) and stat2 activation but preventing their nuclear acc ... | 2009 | 19244315 |
| preclinical and clinical development of a multi-envelope, dna-virus-protein (d-v-p) hiv-1 vaccine. | the human immune system has evolved to recognize antigenic diversity, a strength that has been harnessed by vaccine developers to combat numerous pathogens (e.g., pneumococcus, influenza virus, rotavirus). in each case, vaccine cocktails were formulated to include antigenic variants of the target. to combat hiv-1 diversity, we assembled a cocktail vaccine comprising dozens of envelopes, delivered as recombinant dna, vaccinia virus, and protein for testing in a clinical trial. one vaccinee has no ... | 2009 | 19241253 |
| norovirus infection as a cause of diarrhea-associated benign infantile seizures. | background: norovirus and rotavirus cause outbreaks of diarrheal disease worldwide. this prospective observational study was undertaken to investigate the clinical characteristics and complications, with a focus on convulsive disorders, of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus and rotavirus in hospitalized pediatric patients in northern taiwan. methods: children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in chang gung children's hospital from august 2004 through january 2007 were enrolled in the stud ... | 2009 | 19239351 |
| phylogenetic analysis of novel g12 rotaviruses in the united states: a molecular search for the origin of a new strain. | rotavirus serotype g12 was initially identified in the philippines in 1987 and was not described again until it reemerged more than 13 years later. g12 strains were first detected in the united states in 2002 and have recently assumed a worldwide distribution. the high similarity between the sequence of the major outer capsid vp7 gene of human g12 strains and the single porcine g12 isolate raised the prospect that human strains may have arisen through reassortment with porcine strains or, altern ... | 2009 | 19235867 |
| rotaviruses and rotavirus vaccines. | rotaviruses (rvs) are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide, resulting in more than 600 000 deaths per annum, mainly in developing countries. since the 1980s, there has been intensive research on the development of rv vaccine candidates, and since 2006 two vaccines have been licensed in many countries. | 2009 | 19233929 |
| epidemiological study of bovine norovirus infection by rt-pcr and a vlp-based antibody elisa. | noroviruses, belonging to the family caliciviridae, have been identified in human beings and in several animal species including cattle. the distribution of bovine norovirus infections was investigated by both rt-pcr to detect norovirus genomes and a virus-like particles-based elisa to detect genotype 2 bovine norovirus antibodies. during a 1-year systematic study, a virus prevalence of 7.5% (ci 95%: [3.7; 13.4%]) (10 out of 133 samples) was found in stool samples from diarrhoeic calves screened ... | 2009 | 19232845 |
| [profile of paediatric admissions and emergencies during an epidemic period of rotavirus in valladolid [spain]. utility of a predictive model]. | the aim of this study was to determine the weeks of high rotavirus circulation in valladolid (spain) and to compare the characteristics of hospitalizations and emergencies in epidemic and nonepidemic periods. | 2009 | 19231725 |
| presence and environmental circulation of enteric viruses in three different wastewater treatment plants. | the aim of the work was to evaluate the circulation of the viruses and to determine a correlation between faecal indicators and viruses. | 2009 | 19226391 |
| [acute liver damage caused by non-hepatotropic virus in 86 children]. | 2009 | 19222956 | |
| potential impact and cost-effectiveness analysis of rotavirus vaccination of children in israel. | rotavirus is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age. two effective vaccines against rotavirus gastroenteritis were recently licensed in many countries throughout the world. the study aimed to investigate the cost effectiveness of vaccinating an israeli birth cohort of 143 500 children. | 2009 | 19221026 |
| whole genome sequencing of lamb rotavirus and comparative analysis with other mammalian rotaviruses. | rotavirus (rv) epidemiological surveys with molecular analysis of various strains are required for gastroenteritis control and prevention. the lamb rotavirus strain nt, isolated from a diarrhea lamb in china, is considered as a promising vaccine strain. the whole genome of the lamb-nt strain was determined by sequence analysis. sequence identity and phylogenetic analysis defined the lamb-nt strain as group a, genotype g10p[15]/nsp4[a]/sg1 strain. comparative genomic analysis of the lamb-nt strai ... | 2009 | 19214729 |
| cell-culture-based immunochromatography for rapid detection of group a human rotaviruses in aquatic environments. | in an effort to detect rapidly and conveniently the infectious waterborne group a human rotaviruses that cause diarrhea in infants and children, the authors developed the first-ever cell-culture-based immunochromatography method. an immunochromatography kit interacted only with the human rotaviruses vp6 antigen, and the cell-culture-based immunochromatography detected group a human rotaviruses with a sensitivity as low as 1.99 tcid50 ml(-1). this detection sensitivity was similar to that of the ... | 2009 | 19213464 |
| [molecular characterization of calicivirus strains detected in outbreaks of gastroenteritis occurring in argentina during 2005 and 2006]. | in order to determine the incidence of calicivirus, rotavirus and astrovirus in outbreaks of gastroenteritis occurring in different regions of argentina during 2005 and 2006, fecal samples from seven nonbacterial outbreaks were analyzed. a commercial elisa was used for rotavirus detection, while rt-pcrs were used for calicivirus and astrovirus. of the 74 samples analyzed, 20 were calicivirus positive, 17 were rotavirus positive and one was astrovirus positive. no mixed infections were detected. ... | 2008 | 19213245 |
| metagenomic analyses of viruses in stool samples from children with acute flaccid paralysis. | we analyzed viral nucleic acids in stool samples collected from 35 south asian children with nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis (afp). sequence-independent reverse transcription and pcr amplification of capsid-protected, nuclease-resistant viral nucleic acids were followed by dna sequencing and sequence similarity searches. limited sanger sequencing (35 to 240 subclones per sample) identified an average of 1.4 distinct eukaryotic viruses per sample, while pyrosequencing yielded 2.6 viruses per sam ... | 2009 | 19211756 |