Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| the rotaviral nsp3 protein stimulates translation of polyadenylated target mrnas independently of its rna-binding domain. | the non-structural protein 3 (nsp3) of rotaviruses is an rna-binding protein that specifically recognises a 4 nucleotide sequence at the 3' extremity of the non-polyadenylated viral mrnas. nsp3 also has a high affinity for eif4g. these two functions are clearly delimited in separate domains the structures of which have been determined. they are joined by a central domain implicated in the dimerisation of the full length protein. the bridging function of nsp3 between the 3' end of the viral mrna ... | 2009 | 19800313 |
| discovery of rotavirus: implications for child health. | for centuries, acute diarrhea has been a major worldwide cause of death in young children, and until 1973, no infectious agents could be identified in about 80% of patients admitted to hospital with severe dehydrating diarrhea. in 1973 ruth bishop, geoffrey davidson, ian holmes, and brian ruck identified abundant particles of a 'new' virus (rotavirus) in the cytoplasm of mature epithelial cells lining duodenal villi and in feces, from such children admitted to the royal children's hospital, melb ... | 2009 | 19799704 |
| fifty years of australian pediatric gastroenterology. | when the gastroenterological society of australia (gesa) began 50 years ago there were very few pediatric gastroenterologists in the world. the 'mother' of paediatric gastroenterology was australian charlotte ('charlo') anderson who established one of the world's first pediatric gastroenterology units in melbourne in the early 1960s. her earlier work in birmingham had identified gluten as the component of wheat responsible for celiac disease and helped separate maldigestion (cystic fibrosis) and ... | 2009 | 19799703 |
| the burden of rotavirus hospitalizations among medicaid and non-medicaid children younger than 5 years old. | we sought to compare the burden of hospitalizations associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis (rge) in children younger than 5 years in us medicaid and non-medicaid populations in 2000 and 2003. | 2009 | 19797754 |
| rotavirus vaccination. | rotavirus is the leading cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhea worldwide and is responsible for more than 600 000 child deaths every year. in june 2009, the world health organization recommended inclusion of rotavirus vaccination in all national immunization programs. this universal endorsement of rotavirus vaccination should help the world's poorest countries to provide rotavirus vaccine to the poorest children, in order to achieve the millennium development goal #4 of decreasing child mortalit ... | 2009 | 19794377 |
| genomic characterization of nontypeable rotaviruses and detection of a rare g8 strain in delhi, india. | in the present investigation we molecularly characterized nontypeable rotavirus strains previously identified during surveillance in new delhi, india. the majority of strains were demonstrated to belong to genotype g1 (54.5%) or p[8] (77.8%) on the basis of nucleotide sequencing of fragments from their vp7 and vp4 genes. the other genotypes detected included g2, g8, g9, g12, and p[4]. a g8p[6] strain, strain ds108, was detected for the first time in northern india. the vp7 gene of ds108 was most ... | 2009 | 19794047 |
| prevalence of rotavirus in acute diarrhea and its association with clinical signs and symptoms. | rotaviruses are the main etiological agents of acute infectious diarrhea in children. thus, the objective of this study is to contribute to the information about the rotavirus variants circulating in brazil. a cross-sectional study was conducted on 124 fecal samples collected from children up to the age of 5 years, with acute gastroenteritis. thirty-one samples were positive for rotavirus a. regarding the g genotyping, 16 (80%) were classified as g1 and regarding p genotyping all strains were cl ... | 2010 | 19793895 |
| human infection with g12 rotaviruses, germany. | rotavirus group a g12 genotypes were detected in 3 (1.5%) of 198 stool samples positive for human rotavirus. g12p[6] was present in 2 samples, and a mixed g3g12p[8] was found in 1 sample. phylogenetic analysis of complete open reading frames of all 11 genomic rna segments proved their wa-like genogroup affiliation. | 2009 | 19788829 |
| susceptibility to experimental biliary atresia linked to different hepatic gene expression profiles in two mouse strains. | aim: to compare hepatic gene expression during the development of experimental biliary atresia (ba) in two different mouse strains. methods: balb/c mice and c57black/6 (black/6) mice were infected with rhesus rotavirus (rrv) postpartum, clinical signs of ba and survival were noted. liver sections were assessed for cluster of differentiation antigen (cd) 3, cd4 and cd8 expression, and the hepatic virus load was determined. second, mice of both strains were sacrificed three days after infection. i ... | 2010 | 19788687 |
| resistance to rotavirus infection in adult volunteers challenged with a virulent g1p1a[8] virus correlated with serum immunoglobulin g antibodies to homotypic viral proteins 7 and 4. | in a study performed in 1983, 18 adult volunteers received oral challenge with the virulent human rotavirus strain d (g1p1a[8],nsp4[b]). to identify correlates of resistance to rotavirus infection, we analyzed levels of serum immunoglobulin (ig) a and igg antibodies to various rotaviral antigens in 16 of the 18 volunteers. | 2009 | 19785527 |
| assessment of human enteric viruses in cultured and wild bivalve molluscs. | standard and real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rrt-pcr) procedures were used to monitor cultured and wild bivalve molluscs from the ría de vigo (nw spain) for the main human enteric rna viruses, specifically, norovirus (nov), hepatitis a virus (hav), astrovirus (asv), rotavirus (rt), enterovirus (ev), and aichi virus (aiv). the results showed the presence of at least one enteric virus in 63.4% of the 41 samples analyzed. nov gii was the most prevalent virus, detected in 53.7% of the samples, ... | 2009 | 19784920 |
| public health impact and cost effectiveness of mass vaccination with live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (rix4414) in india: model based analysis. | to examine the public health impact of mass vaccination with live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (rix4414) in a birth cohort in india, and to estimate the cost effectiveness and affordability of such a programme. | 2009 | 19783581 |
| introduction of rotavirus vaccine. | 2009 | 19783580 | |
| zoonotic aspects of rotaviruses. | rotaviruses are important enteric pathogens of humans and animals. group a rotaviruses (garvs) account for up to 1 million children deaths each year, chiefly in developing countries and human vaccines are now available in many countries. rotavirus-associated enteritis is a major problem in livestock animals, notably in young calves and piglets. early in the epidemiological garv studies in humans, either sporadic cases or epidemics by atypical, animal-like garv strains were described. complete ge ... | 2010 | 19781872 |
| enteric calicivirus and rotavirus infections in domestic pigs. | we report the prevalence of rotavirus and calicivirus infections, along with their respective association with diarrhoea in the porcine population of the region of northern spain. a total of 221 samples were collected at random from different farms in the region and from the main slaughterhouse facility in the city of zaragoza. faecal samples were scored as diarrhoeic or normal and grouped into five groups to match general farm management and age criteria: group i (suckling 0-4 weeks), group ii ... | 2010 | 19781118 |
| concentration method for the detection of enteric viruses from large volumes of foods. | enteric viruses are the major cause of outbreaks of foodborne viral disease worldwide, and vegetables and fruits are considered significant vectors of virus transmission. in this study, we compared viral elution concentration methods in strawberry and lettuce and tested the secondary concentration step for concentrating viruses from large volumes of lettuce samples. among the tested procedures, the combination of a 0.05 m glycine plus 100 mm tris elution buffer (ph 9.5) and a polyethylene glycol ... | 2009 | 19777907 |
| zoonotic bovine rotavirus strain in a diarrheic child, nicaragua. | 2009 | 19775934 | |
| molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus and adenovirus serotypes 40/41 strains related to acute diarrhea in tunisian children. | human astrovirus (astv) and adenovirus types 40 and 41 (adv 40/41) are responsible for epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. the present study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of enteric viruses in children in tunisia. a total of 788 fecal samples were collected during a 4-year period in the region of monastir, from children under 12 years old, hospitalized or presenting in dispensaries with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. astv and adv ... | 2009 | 19774695 |
| prevalence of diarrhea viruses in hospitalized children in hong kong in 2008. | a total of 209 stool samples were collected from pediatric patients admitted for acute gastroenteritis in a hospital in hong kong, during an 8-month period from january to august 2008, and were tested for the presence of rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus using a multiplex rt-pcr assay. the most common virus was rotavirus group a (59 of 209, 28%, mainly serotypes g1, g2, g3, and g9), followed by norovirus group ii (48 of 209, 23%), adenovirus (7 of 209, 3%, serotypes 2, ... | 2009 | 19774686 |
| detection of group b rotavirus in an adult with acute gastroenteritis in yangon, myanmar. | in yangon, myanmar, a human group b rotavirus was first detected in 2007 in a stool specimen from a sporadic case of acute gastroenteritis in an adult. the strain was designated as mmr-b1. the full-length sequences of the mmr-b1 genes encoding vp7, vp4 (vp5* and vp8*), vp6, and nsp4 were determined for genetic characterization. these four mmr-b1 genes showed considerable higher sequence identities (97.2-98.4%) to those of group b rotaviruses detected in india (cal-1 in 1998) and bangladesh (bang ... | 2009 | 19774684 |
| global use of rotavirus vaccines recommended. | 2009 | 19771681 | |
| [rapid detection of norwalk gii with reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification]. | to develop a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay for rapid and sensitive detection of norwalk gii. 4 primers which recognized 6 distinct regions on the rna-dependent rna polymerase gene of norwalk gii were designed and used for lamp assay. norwalk gii rna was amplified under isothermal conditions (65 degrees c) for 120 min, and lamp results were then judged with naked eye, sybr green i staining, electrophoretic analysis and restriction digestion. to evalu ... | 2009 | 19769163 |
| group c rotavirus, detection in southeastern brazil after 15 years. | 2009 | 19766533 | |
| adsorption of rotavirus and bacteriophage ms2 using glass fiber coated with hematite nanoparticles. | batch and flow-through experiments were conducted to investigate the removal and inactivation of rotavirus (rv) and bacteriophage ms2 using glass fiber coated with hematite nanoparticles. batch tests showed a high removal of ms2 (2.49x10(11) plaque forming unit/g) and rv (8.9x10(6) focal forming unit/g) at a low concentration of hematite nanoparticles in solution (0.043g/l and 0.26g/l, respectively). virus adsorption was, however, decreased in the presence of bicarbonate ions and natural organic ... | 2009 | 19766286 |
| molecular characterization of a rare, human-porcine reassortant rotavirus strain, g11p[6], from ecuador. | the pan-american health organization established a rotavirus pre-vaccination disease burden and strain surveillance network in latin america and the caribbean in 2004. during strain surveillance in ecuador in 2005-2006, a rare rotavirus genotype, g11p[6], was detected among common strains. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of this strain identified a novel lineage of the g11 vp7 gene, most closely related to a253 (91.8% nt identity), a porcine rotavirus strain identified in venezuela. most ge ... | 2009 | 19763776 |
| enteropathogens and risk factors for diarrhea in norwegian dairy calves. | the aims of the current study were to estimate the prevalence of enteropathogens in calves in norwegian dairy herds, evaluate the clinical consequences of protozoal infections, and identify risk factors for diarrhea. the 135 participating herds were randomly selected from those in the norwegian dairy herd recording system that had at least 15 cow-years. each herd was followed for 1 yr. fecal samples from calves with (n = 68) or without (n = 691) diarrhea were analyzed for the presence of cryptos ... | 2009 | 19762824 |
| use of static quantitative microbial risk assessment to determine pathogen risks in an unconfined carbonate aquifer used for managed aquifer recharge. | managed aquifer recharge (mar) is becoming a mechanism used for recycling treated wastewater and captured urban stormwater and is being used as a treatment barrier to remove contaminants such as pathogens from the recharged water. there is still a need, however, to demonstrate the effectiveness of mar to reduce any residual risk of pathogens in the recovered water. a mar research site recharging secondary treated wastewater in an unconfined carbonate aquifer was used in conjunction with a static ... | 2010 | 19762063 |
| "rota virus mortality: a dilemma for the developing world". | 2009 | 19757714 | |
| kawasaki disease after vaccination: reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system 1990-2007. | kawasaki disease (kd) is a multisystemic vasculitis primarily affecting children<5 years. a review of rotateq (rotavirus vaccine live) clinical trial data revealed higher, though not statistically significantly, kd rates among rotateq vaccines than placebo recipients. in june 2007, the rotateq label was revised accordingly. | 2009 | 19755926 |
| ancillary testing in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis. | costly microbiological assays are frequently performed in patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis (rge) to exclude concurrent serious bacterial infection (sbi). the incidence of concurrent sbi in this population is unknown but estimated to be low. the primary objective was to describe the incidence of sbi in children with rge. the secondary objective was to elucidate risk factors for prolonged length of stay (los) in the cohort. | 2009 | 19753587 |
| in vitro antiherpetic and antirotaviral activities of a sulfate prepared from mimosa scabrella galactomannan. | a chemically sulfated galactomannan (brs) from seeds of mimosa scabrella had in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), but not against simian rotavirus a/sa11 (sirv-a/sa11). it was examined by (13)c nmr spectroscopy, which showed the sulfate groups to be mainly at c-6 of galactose residues. brs had a selective inhibition against hsv-1 during its attachment step, having an ic(50) lower than 2.5microg/ml, determined by plaque reduction, and a selectivity index of greater ... | 2009 | 19751759 |
| infectious agents detected in the feces of diarrheic foals: a retrospective study of 233 cases (2003-2008). | diarrhea is common in foals but there are no studies investigating the relative prevalence of common infectious agents in a population of hospitalized diarrheic foals. | 2009 | 19747192 |
| molecular characteristics of german g8p[4] rotavirus strain ger1h-09 suggest that a genotyping and subclassification update is required for g8. | a rare g8p[4] rotavirus, designated ger1h-09, was detected in a stool sample from an infant suffering from repeated episodes of emesis for 2 days without diarrhea. sequencing of all genomic rna segments was performed, and complete coding sequences were determined. the vp7 amino acid sequence revealed a close phylogenetic relationship to human g8p[6] and g8p[8] isolates from slovenia and africa. ger1h-09 shared typical amino acid residues within variable regions vr3 to vr7 with those strains, and ... | 2009 | 19741083 |
| potential cost-effectiveness of a rotavirus immunization program in rural china. | to assess the incidence and economic burden of rotavirus diarrhea and the potential cost-effectiveness of a rotavirus immunization program in rural zhengding county in hebei province, china. | 2009 | 19739973 |
| acute infectious diarrhea in children. | acute infectious enteritis is one of the more common childhood diseases worldwide, especially in the first three years of life. every year, in germany, one in six children under age 5 is taken to a physician at least once because of infectious diarrheal disease. 10% of the children presenting with rotavirus infection are admitted to hospital. the existing national and international recommendations for the treatment of acute infectious diarrheal disease are inadequately followed, despite the high ... | 2009 | 19738921 |
| viral gastroenteritis and diversity of rotavirus strains in colombian children: a systematic review. | to determine the epidemiological profile of viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in children younger than 5 years of age and the distribution of rotavirus genotypes circulating in colombia. | 2008 | 19738332 |
| an update of paediatric intussusception incidence in singapore: 1997-2007, 11 years of intussusception surveillance. | understanding baseline epidemiology of intussusception (is) in different geographical settings is important for the safety assessment of rotavirus vaccines. this paper presents is surveillance data from singapore between 1997 and 2007, including the period between november 2005 and december 2007 when rotavirus vaccines (primarily rotarix) were available to newborns in singapore. | 2009 | 19736572 |
| is norovirus a foodborne or pandemic pathogen? an analysis of the transmission of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis and the roles of food and food handlers. | this study examined the association of norovirus with foodborne disease outbreaks linked to food handlers and foodborne outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis associated with norovirus, in comparison to salmonella foodborne gastroenteritis. comparative analysis using chi(2)-tests showed no similarity between the outbreaks from norovirus and those from salmonella. odds ratios also showed a stronger similarity between the proportions of food handler-implicated norovirus outbreaks than from salmonella- ... | 2009 | 19735199 |
| [comparative analysis on clinical manifestations for gastroenteritis caused by norovirus and rotavirus]. | to compare the clinical manifestations of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus and rotavirus in infants and young children in beijing. | 2009 | 19731537 |
| guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections among hiv-exposed and hiv-infected children: recommendations from cdc, the national institutes of health, the hiv medicine association of the infectious diseases society of america, the pediatric infectious diseases society, and the american academy of pediatrics. | this report updates and combines into one document earlier versions of guidelines for preventing and treating opportunistic infections (ois) among hiv-exposed and hiv-infected children, last published in 2002 and 2004, respectively. these guidelines are intended for use by clinicians and other health-care workers providing medical care for hiv-exposed and hiv-infected children in the united states. the guidelines discuss opportunistic pathogens that occur in the united states and one that might ... | 2009 | 19730409 |
| rotavirus genotype g4p[8] and enteric adenovirus in hiv-positive patients with and without diarrhoea in são paulo state, brazil. | the present study was carried out in order to identify rotavirus and enteric adenovirus in hiv-positive patients with and without diarrhoea, collected in a pre- and early highly active antiretroviral therapy era. rotavirus was detected in 2.5% (3/118) and adenovirus in 14.4% (17/118) of the samples from patients without diarrhoea. in the patients with diarrhoea, rotavirus was identified in 1.5% (2/133) and adenovirus in 7.5% (10/133). these findings suggest no increased frequency of virus excret ... | 2010 | 19729177 |
| finland introduces rotavirus vaccine into the national vaccination programme in september 2009. | supported by an economic evaluation, rotavirus vaccine is introduced into the national immunisation schedule in finland. the vaccination programme has been estimated to be reasonably cost-effective. given at the age of two, three and five months, the vaccine is expected to prevent annually in finland among children under the age of five years approximately 2,000 rotavirus diarrhoea episodes needing hospitalisation, and over 10,000 outpatient visits. the impact of the programme will be evaluated ... | 2009 | 19728979 |
| severity of acute gastroenteritis in infants infected by g1 or g9 rotaviruses. | group a rotaviruses are the main viral causative agent of acute diarrhea, and cause considerable morbidity in children. g9 rotaviruses have recently emerged all over the world and are thought to give more severe symptoms because of a lack of previous exposure and the absence of maternal antibodies in patients. | 2009 | 19726224 |
| [impact of rotavirus vaccines in developing countries]. | rotaviruses discovered in 1973 are the most common cause of severe diarrheal disease in infants and young children world-wide. annually rotavirus infections are estimated to cause the deaths of more than 600,000 children under the age of 5 years with more than 90% of fatalities occurring in developing countries. in 2006 two live oral attenuated rotavirus vaccines were licensed: the monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (rotarixt) and the pentavalent bovine-human, reassortant vaccine (rotateqt). bot ... | 2009 | 19725379 |
| anti-vp6 igg antibodies against group a and group c rotaviruses in south india. | in an epidemiological survey from south india, 936 serum samples were tested for igg against recombinant baculovirus-expressed vp6 proteins from human group a and group c rotaviruses. the overall seroprevalence for group a was 100% and for group c was 25.32% (95% ci 22.64-28.21). the lowest seroprevalence for group c was in children aged <10 years (16.79%). an age-related rise in seroprevalence in group c, but not group a, suggests different patterns of exposure. seroprevalence was similar in ru ... | 2010 | 19723364 |
| 12th annual conference on vaccine research. | the 12th annual conference on vaccine research, hosted by the national foundation for infectious disease, attracted approximately 450 leaders in the fields of epidemiology, health economics, immunology and vaccinology, making it the largest scientific meeting devoted exclusively to vaccine research and technology. the conference highlighted recent issues in vaccine safety, including the history and design of a vaccine for rotavirus. other topics included discussions of the synergies between vete ... | 2009 | 19722886 |
| comparative study of two extraction methods for enteric virus recovery from sewage sludge by molecular methods. | the aim of this study was to compare two nucleic acid extraction methods for the recovery of enteric viruses from activated sludge. test samples were inoculated with human adenovirus (adv), hepatitis a virus (hav), poliovirus (pv) and rotavirus (rv) and were then processed by an adsorption-elution-precipitation method. two extraction methods were used: an organic solvent-based method and a silica method. the organic-based method was able to recoup 20% of the adv, 90% of the rv and 100% of both t ... | 2009 | 19722079 |
| genetic characterization of rotavirus subtypes in pakistan-first report of g12 genotype from pakistan under who-eastern mediterranean region. | rotaviruses are among the major causes of gastroenteritis and diarrhea among children in developed as well as the developing countries. the rapidly evolving strain prevalence and circulation have resulted in the emergence of novel strains over the period worldwide. the introduction of g12 prototype in 1987 from philippines and subsequently re-emergence among most of the asian countries along with usa and europe has provoked new research horizons to address the global distribution of rotavirus se ... | 2009 | 19720243 |
| genetic diversity of genotype g1 rotaviruses co-circulating in western india. | the rotavirus (rv) g1 strains represent the common genotype that causes diarrhea in humans. the aim of this study was to determine the genetic lineages of g1 rv strains circulating in western india during two different time periods, 1991-1994 and 2006 by molecular characterization of vp7 genes. the phylogenetic analysis of vp7 genes showed clustering of g1 strains into lineages i (96.4%) and viii (3.6%) in 1991-1994 and i (96.2%) and ii (3.8%) in 2006. the sublineage ia was predominant (96.4%) i ... | 2009 | 19720093 |
| a microarray based approach for the identification of common foodborne viruses. | an oligonucleotide array (microarray) incorporating 13,000 elements representing selected strains of hepatitis a virus (hav), human coxsackieviruses a and b (cva and cvb), genogroups i and ii of norovirus (nv), and human rotavirus (rv) gene segments 3,4,10, and 11 was designed based on the principle of tiling. each oligonucleotide was 29 bases long, starting at every 5th base of every sequence, resulting in an overlap of 24 bases in two consecutive oligonucleotides. the applicability of the arra ... | 2009 | 19718237 |
| detection of rotavirus in food associated with a gastroenteritis outbreak in a mother and child sanatorium. | in the course of a rotavirus outbreak in a mother and child sanatorium 74 food samples from the sanatorium kitchen were taken and tested for rotavirus. rotavirus particles were isolated from 25 g food samples by a simple method including ultrafiltration, originally designed for the detection of norovirus in various food matrices. rotavirus was successfully detected in a sample of potato stew by conventional rt-seminested-pcr. sequence comparison of the amplification products obtained from the po ... | 2009 | 19717201 |
| evolutionary consequences of g9 rotaviruses circulating in thailand. | infection with group a rotaviruses is the main cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. rotavirus g9 is recognized as the fifth most predominant g genotype that spreads throughout the world. in this study, we describe the changing distribution of rotavirus g9 genotype in chiang mai, thailand, from 1989 to 2005. molecular genetic evolutionary analysis of the g9 rotavirus vp7 gene was performed. the g9 rotavirus in thailand was first detected in chiang mai in 1989 wi ... | 2009 | 19716437 |
| the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination: comparative analyses for five european countries and transferability in europe. | cost-effectiveness analyses are usually not directly comparable between countries because of differences in analytical and modelling assumptions. we investigated the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in five european union countries (belgium, england and wales, finland, france and the netherlands) using a single model, burden of disease estimates supplied by national public health agencies and a subset of common assumptions. under base case assumptions (vaccination with rotarix, 3% dis ... | 2009 | 19715781 |
| evidence-based semiquantitative methodology for prioritization of foodborne zoonoses. | to prioritize an extended list of food- and water-borne zoonoses to allow food safety authorities to focus on the most relevant hazards in the food chain. | 2009 | 19715429 |
| [benign convulsions with mild rotavirus gastroenteritis]. | benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (cwg) are a rare diagnosis in western countries, and it is characterized by afebrile seizures, almost times more than once, during a gastroenteritis without severe hydroelectrolitic affection. the most frequent implied virus is rotavirus. this is a benign disease, in spite of cluster seizures, and neither complementary explorations nor antiepileptic treatment is required. | 2009 | 19714552 |
| detection and analysis of bovine rotavirus strains circulating in australian calves during 2004 and 2005. | bovine rotavirus (brv) has been detected in both dairy and beef cattle herds worldwide. stool samples collected from calves in the gippsland region of victoria, australia were screened to determine the presence of brv. a total of 100 faecal samples were collected from calves with and without diarrhoea across three farms during 2004 and 2005. group a brv was detected in 26% of faecal samples (22 from diarrheic calves and four from asymptomatic calves). genotyping analysis of rotavirus positive sa ... | 2010 | 19713055 |
| rotavirus strategies to evade host antiviral innate immunity. | virus infection initiates the host antiviral innate immune response. paradoxically, viruses can adopt several strategies to evade or subvert host innate immunity to ensure their survival. this mechanism is a significant consideration in the development of an attenuated vaccine and in the basic research of host-virus interaction. rotavirus is the main cause of gastroenteritis in infants, and leads to approximately 500,000 deaths annually, mainly in developing countries. the strategies that the ro ... | 2009 | 19712697 |
| population context determines cell-to-cell variability in endocytosis and virus infection. | single-cell heterogeneity in cell populations arises from a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. this heterogeneity has been measured for gene transcription, phosphorylation, cell morphology and drug perturbations, and used to explain various aspects of cellular physiology. in all cases, however, the causes of heterogeneity were not studied. here we analyse, for the first time, the heterogeneous patterns of related cellular activities, namely virus infection, endocytosis and membrane ... | 2009 | 19710653 |
| sequence analysis of unusual p[7]g5 bovine rotavirus strains reveals evidence of interspecies transmission. | by sequence and phylogenetic analyses, the 11 genomic segments of two bovine rotaviruses isolated from clinically infected calves were proven to be derived from the swine-like p[7]g5 genotype. this finding reinforced the hypothesis that interspecies transmission of completely heterologous strains can occur in nature. | 2009 | 19710284 |
| calicivirus and giardia lamblia are associated with diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients from southeast brazil. | to study enteropathogens, 100 fecal samples were collected from a brazilian human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive population, with or without diarrhea. giardia lamblia and calicivirus were significantly associated with diarrhea as were severe immunosuppression and the presence of at least one enteropathogen. no sample was positive for rotavirus and only one asymptomatic individual carried the astrovirus. we concluded that there is a great diversity of pathogens and opportunistic infect ... | 2009 | 19706916 |
| new vaccines for developing countries: will it be feast or famine? | the revolving fund of the pan american health organization (paho) has an almost 30 year track record of providing access to essential vaccines for the entire population of latin america and the caribbean region. the activities of the paho revolving fund, coupled with the provision of high-quality technical assistance, were crucial to the successful control, elimination, or eradication of most of the region's great childhood killers, including measles and polio. today, however, the revolving fund ... | 2009 | 19697751 |
| detection and characterization of group a rotaviruses in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in norway, 2006-2008. | to assess the genetic diversity of rotavirus strains in norway, the distribution of rotavirus genotypes was studied in children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis. the detection of rotavirus in stool samples was compared using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), an immunochromatographic test and rt-pcr. children <5 years of age admitted to hospital with diarrhea in three large hospitals were enrolled prospectively from march 2006 to february 2008. rotavirus was detected in ... | 2009 | 19697411 |
| molecular epidemiology of norovirus infection among children with acute gastroenteritis in shanghai, china, 2001-2005. | norovirus is one of the major causes of outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. obtaining local baseline information regarding this virus is important for developing and evaluating prevention strategies of norovirus transmission in children. the age, seasonal distribution and circulating genotypes of norovirus in shanghai, china, between 2001 and 2005 were determined. of 5411 stool specimens collected from children under 5 years of age who were hospital ... | 2009 | 19697410 |
| burden of disease and circulating serotypes of rotavirus infection in sub-saharan africa: systematic review and meta-analysis. | two new rotavirus vaccines have recently been licensed in many countries. however, their efficacy has only been shown against certain serotypes commonly circulating in europe, north america, and latin america, but thought to be globally important. to assess the potential impact of these vaccines in sub-saharan africa, where rotavirus mortality is high, knowledge of prevalent types is essential because an effective rotavirus vaccine is needed to protect against prevailing serotypes in the communi ... | 2009 | 19695493 |
| economic impact of a rotavirus vaccination program in mexico. | to evaluate the cost and benefits of a national rotavirus childhood vaccination program in mexico. | 2009 | 19695142 |
| rotavirus and reovirus modulation of the interferon response. | the mammalian reoviruses and rotaviruses have evolved specific mechanisms to evade the type i interferon (ifn) antiviral response. rotavirus likely represses the ifn response by at least 4 mechanisms. first, the rotavirus protein nsp1, most likely functioning as an e3 ligase, can induce proteasome-dependent degradation of the transcription factors irf3, irf5, and irf7 to prevent their induction of ifn. second, nsp1 can induce proteasome-dependent degradation of the ubiquitin ligase complex prote ... | 2009 | 19694545 |
| vp5* rearranges when rotavirus uncoats. | trypsin primes rotavirus for efficient infectivity by cleaving the spike protein, vp4, into vp8* and vp5*. a recombinant vp5* fragment has a trimeric, folded-back structure. comparison of this structure with virion spikes suggests that a rearrangement, analogous to those of enveloped virus fusion proteins, may mediate membrane penetration by rotavirus during entry. to detect this inferred rearrangement of virion-associated authentic vp5*, we raised conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies aga ... | 2009 | 19692464 |
| molecular and biotechnological advances in milk proteins in relation to human health. | milk and colostrum is a rich source of proteins/peptides which have crucial roles in both neonates and adults. milk bioactive proteins and peptides are potential health-enhancing nutraceuticals for food. many bioactive peptides/proteins may be used as nutraceuticals, for example, in the treatment of cancer, asthma, diarrhea, hypertension, thrombosis, dental diseases, as well as mineral malabsorption, and immunodeficiency. the following components of milk are of particular interest in the recent ... | 2009 | 19689355 |
| rotavirus gastroenteritis in norway: analysis of prospective surveillance and hospital registry data. | we aimed to evaluate rotavirus morbidity and describe rotavirus epidemiology in hospitalized children in norway to provide information before the introduction of new rotavirus vaccines. we retrospectively reviewed 14,973 gastroenteritis hospitalizations in children aged <5 y for the period 1995 to 2004, and prospectively surveyed for rotavirus in 311 children aged <5 y admitted with diarrhoea to 3 hospitals in 2006-2008. the proportion of rotavirus among all gastroenteritis hospitalizations was ... | 2009 | 19685376 |
| hiv-1 vaccine design: harnessing diverse lymphocytes to conquer a diverse pathogen. | in the fall of 2007, the hiv-1 research field received news that their front-runner vaccine was not protective. in response to this disappointment, scientists are now reviewing the intricacies of the immune response toward hiv-1 to develop new and better strategies for vaccine development. decades ago, researchers recognized the impressive amino acid and carbohydrate diversity of hiv-1, and the associated obstacles to vaccine development. at first glance, the diversity and other unique features ... | 2009 | 19684481 |
| molecular characterization of a rare g1p[19] rotavirus strain from india: evidence of reassortment between human and porcine rotavirus strains. | this study pertains to the characterization of a human rotavirus strain (niv929893) with a rare specificity of g1p[19]. three structural genes (vp4, vp6 and vp7) and one non-structural gene (nsp4) of strain niv929893 were subjected to rt-pcr for amplification of entire coding regions. all of the amplicons were sequenced to carry out phylogenetic analysis. the complete amino acid sequences of the vp7 and vp4 gene products showed clustering of the vp7 gene with g1 strains of human origin and the v ... | 2009 | 19679684 |
| safety and efficacy of human rotavirus vaccine during the first 2 years of life in asian infants: randomised, double-blind, controlled study. | this study evaluates the safety and efficacy against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis of the oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine rix4414 (rotarix) during the first 2 years of life in asian infants from high-income countries. healthy infants were enrolled to receive 2 doses of rix4414 (n=5,359) or placebo (n=5,349). from 2 weeks post-dose 2 to 2 years of age, vaccine efficacy was 96.1% (95%ci:85.1%; 99.5%) against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, 100% (95%ci:80.8%; 100%) against wild-ty ... | 2009 | 19679216 |
| symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus and norovirus infections during infancy in a chilean birth cohort. | rotavirus and more recently norovirus have been recognized as 2 of the most common causes of acute diarrhea in children. comparative analysis of these infections in a birth cohort has not been performed and can provide relevant insight on clinical and viral behaviors. | 2009 | 19672213 |
| [analysis of the mortality due to diarrhea in younger children, before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine]. | to analyze the mortality due to acute diarrhea in children younger than five years old, before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in mexico. | 2009 | 19668922 |
| adaptive evolution of rotavirus vp7 and nsp4 genes in different species. | rotavirus is recognized as the major enteric pathogen associated with high burden of worldwide epidemic diarrhea disease in human and animals. its outer capsid structural protein vp7 elicits the production of distinct neutralizing antibodies in the host and also determines the serotype of the virus strain. as the diarrhea-related protein of rotavirus, nsp4 is becoming an attractive candidate for vaccine development. it is not clear whether rotavirus vp7 or nsp4 evolved in the same way or not, an ... | 2009 | 19665933 |
| estimated research and development costs of rotavirus vaccines. | diseases like rotavirus afflict both upper- and lower-income countries, but most serious illnesses and deaths occur among the latter. it is a vital public health issue that vaccines for these types of global diseases can recover research and development (r&d) costs from high-priced markets quickly so that manufacturers can offer affordable prices to lower-income nations. cost recovery depends on how high r&d costs are, and this study attempts to replace high, unverified estimates with lower, mor ... | 2009 | 19665605 |
| diarrhea in children less than two years of age with known hiv status in kisumu, kenya. | to compare the frequency and etiology of diarrhea in children aged less than 2 years with known hiv status. | 2010 | 19664950 |
| neonatal nk cells target the mouse duct epithelium via nkg2d and drive tissue-specific injury in experimental biliary atresia. | biliary atresia is a neonatal obstructive cholangiopathy that progresses to end-stage liver disease. although the etiology is unknown, a neonatal adaptive immune signature has been mechanistically linked to obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts. here, we investigated the role of the innate immune response in the pathogenesis of biliary atresia. analysis of livers of infants at diagnosis revealed that nk cells populate the vicinity of intrahepatic bile ducts and overexpress several genes inv ... | 2009 | 19662681 |
| rotavirus vaccine induced diarrhea in a child with severe combined immune deficiency. | 2009 | 19660805 | |
| immunization programs for infants, children, adolescents, and adults: clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america. | evidence-based guidelines for immunization of infants, children, adolescents, and adults have been prepared by an expert panel of the infectious diseases society of america (idsa). these updated guidelines replace the previous immunization guidelines published in 2002. these guidelines are prepared for health care professionals who care for either immunocompetent or immunocompromised people of all ages. since 2002, the capacity to prevent more infectious diseases has increased markedly for sever ... | 2009 | 19659433 |
| environmental dissemination of group a rotavirus: p-type, g-type and subgroup characterization. | rotaviruses a (rv-a) infection is the most common cause of acute diarrheal diseases in infants and the dissemination of these viruses in the environment represents a public health hazard. the present study aims to evaluate reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) based protocols for the detection of rv-a genes in different types of environmental samples. rv-a were concentrated by the adsorption-elution method using negatively charged membranes associated with a centriprep concent ... | 2009 | 19657158 |
| irf3 inhibition by rotavirus nsp1 is host cell and virus strain dependent but independent of nsp1 proteasomal degradation. | rotavirus host range restriction forms a basis for strain attenuation although the underlying mechanisms are unclear. in mouse fibroblasts, the inability of rotavirus nsp1 to mediate interferon (ifn) regulatory factor 3 (irf3) degradation correlates with ifn-dependent restricted replication of the bovine uk strain but not the mouse ew and simian rrv strains. we found that uk nsp1 is unable to degrade irf3 when expressed in murine nih 3t3 cells in contrast to the ew and rrv nsp1 proteins. surpris ... | 2009 | 19656876 |
| use of recombinant rotavirus vp6 nanotubes as a multifunctional template for the synthesis of nanobiomaterials functionalized with metals. | the structural characteristics and predefined constant size and shape of viral assemblies make them useful tools for nanobiotechnology, in particular as scaffolds for constructing highly organized novel nanomaterials. in this work it is shown for the first time that nanotubes formed by recombinant rotavirus vp6 protein can be used as scaffolds for the synthesis of hybrid nanocomposites. rotavirus vp6 was produced by the insect cell-baculovirus expression vector system. nanotubes of several micro ... | 2009 | 19655393 |
| rotavirus gastroenteritis complicated with toxic megacolon. | rotavirus is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in young children, which may indicate hospitalization due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. most cases are self-limited with good prognosis. the association between rotavirus and toxic megacolon has never been mentioned in the literature. we report a case of toxic megacolon secondary to rotavirus gastroenteritis. conclusion: toxic megacolon can occur in patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis. an abdominal radiograph should be taken for pat ... | 2009 | 19650837 |
| disease burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children up to 5 years of age in two swiss cantons: paediatrician- and hospital-based surveillance. | rotavirus gastroenteritis (rv ge) is a leading cause of diarrhoea in young children. the purpose of this epidemiological surveillance was to measure the disease burden of rv ge among children <5 years of age in two regions of switzerland, geneva and lucerne. one hospital and four paediatricians participated per region. the surveillance lasted from december 2006 to june 2007. the population denominator for calculation of the rv ge incidence rate was the average of the overall study population <5 ... | 2010 | 19649782 |
| early evidence for direct and indirect effects of the infant rotavirus vaccine program in queensland. | to assess the impact of introducing a publicly funded infant rotavirus vaccination program on disease notifications and on laboratory testing and results. | 2009 | 19645646 |
| rapid impact of rotavirus vaccination in the united states: implications for australia. | australia is in a unique position to assess the impact of two different rotavirus vaccines. | 2009 | 19645636 |
| vp7 and vp4 sequence analyses of rotavirus strains from italian children with viraemia and acute diarrhoea. | information on genotypes or variants associated with systemic rotavirus infection is lacking. seven viraemic children with acute rotavirus diarrhoea were evaluated. all faecal strains were genotyped (5 g1p[8] type, 1 g9p[8], 1 g1-g4p[8]). only 3 of 7 blood strains were typeable (g1p[8], g4p8, and g1p[nd]). a discrepancy between faecal and blood vp7 amino acid sequences (ser-->asp at position 94) was found in the first child. two amino acid substitutions (ile-->val and asn-->ser at position 106 a ... | 2010 | 19644393 |
| an outbreak of viral gastroenteritis linked to municipal water supply, lombardy, italy, june 2009. | we report an outbreak of viral gastroenteritis linked to municipal drinking water in a town in northern italy in june 2009. over one month we identified 299 probable cases of whom 30 were confirmed for at least one of the following viruses: norovirus, rotavirus, enterovirus or astrovirus. water samples and filters from the water system also tested positive for norovirus and enterovirus. control measures included treating the water system with chlorine dioxide and filters with peracetic acid, whi ... | 2009 | 19643050 |
| rotavirus infection in neonates at a university hospital in korea. | to develop measures to prevent neonatal rotavirus infection, we carried out rotavirus surveillance testing on all the newborns who were admitted to a newborn nursery in korea during 1 year. we investigated the characteristics of neonatal rotavirus infection and found that it occurred throughout the year with the g4p[6] strain exclusively. most newborns were infected nosocomially and showed no symptoms. we concluded that rotavirus might be transmitted from asymptomatic infected newborns who were ... | 2009 | 19642901 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit. | nosocomial transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a serious, preventable cause of rsv infection. passive rsv prophylaxis became available in 1996. we compared the rsv nosocomial infection rate in our neonatal intensive care unit before and after rsv prophylaxis, using nosocomial rotavirus infections as a comparator. there were no significant differences between nosocomial rsv infection rates before and after institution of prophylaxis. | 2009 | 19636282 |
| frequent rearrangement may explain the structural heterogeneity in the 11th genome segment of lapine rotaviruses - short communication. | in rotaviruses, intragenic recombination or gene rearrangement occurs almost exclusively in the genome segments encoding for non-structural proteins. rearranged rna originates by mechanisms of partial sequence duplications and deletions or insertions of non-templated nucleotides. of interest, epidemiological investigations have pointed out an unusual bias to rearrangements in genome segment 11, notably in rotavirus strains of lapine origin, as evidenced by the detection of numerous lapine strain ... | 2009 | 19635717 |
| dissecting the role of integrin subunits alpha 2 and beta 3 in rotavirus cell entry by rna silencing. | several cell surface molecules have been implicated in rotavirus cell entry, however, their individual relevance during this process is unknown. in this work, the expression of integrins alpha2, beta2, and alpha v beta 3, the heat shock cognate protein 70, and of ganglioside gm1 in different cell lines of human and simian origin was correlated with the infectivity of four rotavirus strains. we observed that different combinations of receptor expression correlated with the infectivity of rotaviru ... | 2009 | 19635510 |
| prevention of the murine model of biliary atresia after live rotavirus vaccination of dams. | biliary atresia (ba) is a neonatal disease that results in the obliteration of the biliary tree. the murine model of ba has been established where rhesus rotavirus (rrv) infection of newborn mice leads to an obstructive cholangiopathy. we determined whether maternal postconception rotavirus vaccination could prevent the murine model of ba. | 2009 | 19635292 |
| [research and clinilal application advances in live, oral rotavirus vaccines]. | 2009 | 19634770 | |
| rotavirus gastroenteritis: precursor of functional gastrointestinal disorders? | : abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders (ap-fgids) following bacterial acute gastroenteritis (age) have been demonstrated in adults and children. an adult study demonstrated ap-fgids resulting from an outbreak of viral age. viral ages are common in children. thus, the demonstration of ap-fgids occurring after a viral infection in children could constitute a significant finding. the aim of the study was to investigate the development of fgids following an episode of acute r ... | 2009 | 19633576 |
| viruses causing childhood diarrhoea in the developing world. | acute gastroenteritis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children in the developing world. with improvements in hygiene and sanitation, the burden of disease due to bacterial and parasitic infections has decreased and an increasing proportion of diarrhoea hospitalizations are attributed to viruses. this review focuses on enteric viruses and their role in childhood diarrhoea in the developing world. | 2009 | 19633550 |
| incidence of rotavirus and all-cause diarrhea in northeast brazil following the introduction of a national vaccination program. | rotavirus vaccines were introduced in brazil in 2006; we evaluated their effects in the state of sergipe, brazil. | 2009 | 19632228 |
| national rotavirus surveillance in argentina: high incidence of g9p[8] strains and detection of g4p[6] strains with porcine characteristics. | group a rotaviruses are the most frequently detected viral agents associated with diarrhea in infants and children worldwide. it has been estimated that every year almost 120,000 cases of diarrhea associated with rotavirus occur in children under 5 years old in argentina. in this work, we present the rotavirus strain diversity detected during the first 2 years of the national surveillance network for diarrheas implemented by the ministry of health in argentina. during 2006 and 2007 a total of 46 ... | 2009 | 19631763 |
| [role of rotavirus in a pediatric hospital in abidjan]. | 2009 | 19631514 |