Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| effectiveness of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in preventing gastroenteritis in the united states. | in clinical trials, the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5) was efficacious in preventing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (rge) and related health care encounters. we assessed the vaccine effectiveness (ve) of rv5 among us infants during the first 2 rotavirus seasons after vaccine licensure. | 2010 | 20100757 |
| estimated burden of rotavirus-associated diarrhea in ambulatory settings in the united states. | two vaccines to prevent disease from rotavirus among young children were recently approved in the united states. although previous studies of the burden of rotaviral disease have focused on hospitalizations, the assessment of baseline disease burden in ambulatory settings is useful for evaluating the overall impact of the vaccine. | 2010 | 20100749 |
| determination and analysis of the full-length chicken parvovirus genome. | viral enteric disease in poultry is an ongoing problem in many parts of the world. many enteric viruses have been identified in turkeys and chickens, including avian astroviruses, rotaviruses, reoviruses, and coronaviruses. through the application of a molecular screening method targeting particle-associated nucleic acid (pan), we recently described the detection and partial characterization of a novel enteric parvovirus in chickens. subsequent surveys of intestinal homogenates from turkeys and ... | 2010 | 20097398 |
| differential expression of hepatic fibrosis mediators in sick and spontaneously recovered mice with experimental biliary atresia. | hepatic fibrosis leading to cirrhosis is the major morbidity in patients with biliary atresia (ba). this fibrosis is due to an imbalance in extracellular matrix (ecm) breakdown and deposition. we have previously demonstrated increased mrna expression for inhibitors of ecm breakdown without increased expression for mediators of ecm deposition in our animal model of ba by d 14. however, only a mild degree of hepatic fibrosis was seen at this time. we hypothesized that expression patterns for these ... | 2010 | 20097372 |
| a tgf-beta mediated regulatory mechanism modulates the t cell immune response to rotavirus in adults but not in children. | children with acute rv-gastroenteritis (ge) had low or undetectable levels of circulating ifn-gamma(+), il-13(+), il-2(+), il-10(+) or il-17(+) rv-t cells. ifn-gamma(+) t cells and low frequencies of il-10(+) and il-2(+) cd4(+) t cells were found in adults with rv-ge during acute and convalescence phases, respectively. circulating single ifn-gamma(+)>double ifn-gamma(+)/il-2(+)>single il-2(+)rv-cd4(+)t cells were observed in healthy adults. in this group, frequencies of ifn-gamma(+) rv-t cells i ... | 2010 | 20096911 |
| incidence of hospitalization due to community-acquired rotavirus infection: a 12-year study (1996-2008). | the incidence of hospitalization for acute gastroenteritis (age) is a useful parameter to assess the utility of the new rotavirus vaccines in high-income countries. children hospitalized for age were identified by searching hospital discharge data and the records of the microbiology laboratory of hospital donostia. rotavirus antigen was investigated in 96.1% of the 1114 children aged 1 month to <5 years hospitalized for age in the study period. nearly 40% were rotavirus positive (44.9% of the 79 ... | 2010 | 20096147 |
| multicenter prospective study analysing the role of rotavirus on acute gastroenteritis in spain. | paediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis is the most frequent cause of acute gastroenteritis (age) in children up to 5 years of age worldwide. | 2010 | 20096025 |
| duration of growth depression and pathogen shedding in experimentally reproduced poult enteritis syndrome. | an experimental study was conducted to determine the duration of growth depression and virus shedding in turkey poults after oral inoculation with intestinal contents from birds affected with poult enteritis syndrome (pes). poults at day 14 of age were divided into four groups (groups a, b, c, and d) of 40 poults each and inoculated orally with unfiltered supernatant, filtered supernatant, sediment suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), or pbs alone (control), respectively. the poults wer ... | 2009 | 20095151 |
| spatiotemporal dynamics of rotavirus disease in europe: can climate or demographic variability explain the patterns observed. | we found a south to north movement of rotavirus activity across europe. lower birth rates, higher winter temperatures, and higher winter rainfall were associated with variations in timing of rotavirus activity between european countries but not with temporal variations within countries. patterns of rotavirus activity are likely to be driven by a complex interaction of population, virus, and environmental factors. | 2010 | 20094004 |
| development of one-step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for rapid detection of porcine group c rotaviruses. | although the widespread occurrence of porcine group c rotaviruses (gcrv) is assumed, precise prevalence remains largely unknown because of the absence of reliable, specific, and rapid diagnostic methods. to detect and quantify porcine gcrv, the authors evaluated and optimized sybr green and taqman real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays and applied them to 108 piglet fecal samples. using serially diluted standard rna transcripts of porcine gcrv vp6 gene, both sy ... | 2010 | 20093687 |
| mixed viral infections causing acute gastroenteritis in children in a waterborne outbreak. | we examined stool specimens for viral pathogens from 50 children referred to hospital due to acute gastroenteritis (age) resulting from consuming drinking water contaminated with sewage in a finnish community using pcr methods. rotavirus was detected in 33 (66%), human calicivirus in 31 (62%), and both in 40% of cases. of the caliciviruses, 20/31 (65%) were noroviruses and 11 (35%) sapoviruses. furthermore, aichi virus was detected in 25 (50%), adenovirus in six (12%) and bocavirus in four (8%) ... | 2010 | 20092670 |
| detection and molecular characterization of human rotaviruses isolated in italy and albania. | rotaviruses are one of the most important causes of gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old. analysis of g and p rotavirus genotypes in circulation is crucial in evaluating the appropriacy of mass vaccination of children worldwide. overall, 592 stool samples were collected in tirana (albania), the salento peninsula (south italy), and three different hospitals in rome (central italy). of the total samples, 31.3% were rotavirus positive in albania, 78.3% in the salento, and 40.3% in rome. th ... | 2010 | 20087942 |
| characterization of group a rotavirus infections in adolescents and adults from pune, india: 1993-1996 and 2004-2007. | a total of 1,591 fecal specimens were collected in 1993-1996 and 2004-2007 from adolescents and adults with acute gastroenteritis in pune, india for detection and characterization of rotavirus. at the two time points, group a rotavirus was detected in 8.6% and 16.2% of the adolescents and 5.2% and 17.2% of the adults, respectively. reverse transcription-pcr with consensus primers followed by multiplex genotyping pcr detected common strains g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], and g4p[8] in a total of 53.1% o ... | 2010 | 20087938 |
| association of viral infection and appendicitis. | what causes appendicitis is not known; however, studies have suggested a relationship between viral diseases and appendicitis. building on evidence of cyclic patterns of appendicitis with apparent outbreaks consistent with an infectious etiology, we hypothesized that there is a relationship between population rates of appendicitis and several infectious diseases. | 2010 | 20083756 |
| evidence for molecular mimicry between human t cell epitopes in rotavirus and pancreatic islet autoantigens. | in type 1 diabetes, insulin-producing beta cells in the islets of the pancreas are destroyed by autoreactive t cells. rotavirus (rv) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. peptides in vp7, a major immunogenic protein of rv, have high sequence similarity to t cell epitope peptides in the islet autoantigens tyrosine phosphatase-like insulinoma ag 2 (ia2) and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (gad65). we aimed to educe evidence for the hypothesis that molecular mimicry with rv pro ... | 2010 | 20083660 |
| effectiveness of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in a large urban population in the united states. | the goal was to assess the effectiveness of complete (3-dose) or partial (1- or 2-dose) immunization with pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5) against rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (age) in us clinical practice. | 2010 | 20083525 |
| surveillance and molecular characterization of rotavirus strains circulating in manipur, north-eastern india: increasing prevalence of emerging g12 strains. | to determine the frequency and genotypes of rotavirus strains, samples were collected from children hospitalized with acute diarrhea at the regional institute of medical sciences, manipur. the globally common genotypes g1p[8] and g2p[4] constituted 58% of the total positive strains, while 3% and 8% strains were emerging genotypes, g9p[6] and g12p[6]. this is the first report of genotype g12 in manipur. the g12 strains clustered with lineage iii strains and had >98% identity with corresponding ro ... | 2010 | 20083233 |
| effect of warming moxibustion on shenque acupoint for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children with infantile cerebral palsy. | to observe the effect of warming moxibustion on shenque acupoint (rn8) for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children with infantile cerebral palsy (icp). | 2010 | 20082252 |
| [clinical evaluation of a norovirus antigen detection test in pediatric patients and study targeting application to combat infection]. | typical causative viruses of viral gastroenteritis in childhood are norovirus(nv), rotavirus(rv), and adenovirus (av). it is difficult to specify the type of virus based on the clinical symptoms, necessitating a search for the causative virus. antigen testing is the mainstay for the definitive diagnosis of rv and av. molecular biology testing, however, is the mainstay for nv, and problems related to the rapidity and simplicity of the test have been a pending issue for many years. in this study, ... | 2009 | 20077816 |
| detection and molecular characterization of enteric viruses from poult enteritis syndrome in turkeys. | this study was conducted to detect and characterize enteric viruses [rotavirus, turkey astrovirus-2 (tastv-2), reovirus, and turkey coronavirus] from cases of poult enteritis syndrome (pes) in minnesota turkeys. of the intestinal contents collected from 43 pes cases, 25 were positive for rotavirus and 13 for small round viruses by electron microscopy (em). of the enteric virus-positive cases by em (n=27), 16 cases had rotavirus or small round viruses alone and the remaining 11 cases had both vir ... | 2010 | 20075272 |
| genetic analysis of the porcine group b rotavirus nsp2 gene from wild-type brazilian strains. | group b rotaviruses (rv-b) were first identified in piglet feces, being later associated with diarrhea in humans, cattle, lambs, and rats. in human beings, the virus was only described in china, india, and bangladesh, especially infecting adults. only a few studies concerning molecular analysis of the rv-b nsp2 gene have been conducted, and porcine rv-b has not been characterized. in the present study, three porcine wild-type rv-b strains from piglet stool samples collected from brazilian pig he ... | 2010 | 20069262 |
| acute pancreatitis associated with rotavirus infection. | we report the first documented case of pancreatitis associated with rotavirus infection in an infant. estimation of amylase level is important in infants with severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, hyperamylasemia should alert one to the presence of overt pancreatitis which should be investigated by lipase estimation and/or imaging. | 2009 | 20061588 |
| the epidemiology and burden of childhood rotavirus infection in a tertiary hospital in sabah, malaysia. | we aimed to determine the epidemiology and burden of rotavirus (rv) gastroenteritis (ge) in children requiring hospital care in an urban setting in sabah, malaysia. a prospective study of all patients younger than 12 years of age admitted with acute ge to queen elizabeth hospital, sabah, over a six-month period (october 2005 to march 2006) was conducted. during the study period, a total of 167 children with acute ge who had stool samples examined for rv were studied. rv accounted for 16% of all ... | 2009 | 20058575 |
| immune thrombocytopenic purpura in a 5-month-old female with rotavirus infection. | 2010 | 20054872 | |
| effectiveness of monovalent rotavirus vaccine (rotarix) against severe diarrhea caused by serotypically unrelated g2p[4] strains in brazil. | background. in a latin american trial, a monovalent g1p[8] rotavirus vaccine showed high efficacy against severe rotavirus diarrhea. protection was lower against serotypically unrelated g2p[4] strains, which circulated infrequently. this case-control study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of this monovalent g1p[8] rotavirus vaccine against g2p[4] strains in brazil. methods. case patients were children with severe g2p[4] rotavirus diarrhea who presented at a hospital in recife, brazil, ... | 2010 | 20047501 |
| molecular characterization of group a human rotavirus among hospitalized children and adults in bangladesh: finding of emerging g12 strain. | between july 2004 and june 2006, a total of 1438 fecal samples were collected from hospitalized children and adults with diarrhea at an infectious disease hospital (sk hospital) in mymensingh, bangladesh. the diversity of rotavirus strains were investigated using electropherotyping and reverse transcription-pcr amplification of the vp7 and vp4 genes. group a rotavirus was detected in 171 of 1438(11.9%) specimens: 13.3%(72/543) from children 6 months to </=15 years of age and 11.0%(99/895) from i ... | 2010 | 20046166 |
| [application of a diagnostic method using reverse transcription-pcr elisa for the diagnosis of enteroviral infections]. | enteroviruses are known as major pathogen for aseptic meningitis. although rapid diagnosis for enteroviruses is very essential to exclude bacterial infections in patients with meningitis, classical diagnostic method based on virus isolation is not practicable for timely treatment of patients due to its laborious and time-consuming procedure. recently molecular methodologies as alternatives are routinely used for rapid and sensitive diagnosis for enteroviruses infections. | 2009 | 20046094 |
| rotavirus vaccination one year on... | the rotavirus vaccine was incorporated into the australian national immunisation program from 1 july 2007. to measure early impact of the vaccine on rotavirus disease and the burden of gastroenteritis in young children, we examined 2 surveillance data sources, rotavirus isolates from selected new south wales laboratories, and new south wales emergency department (ed) visits assigned a gastroenteritis-related diagnosis. between 2001 and 2008, weekly time series were prepared for 2 age groups repr ... | 2009 | 20043605 |
| valuing the subsurface pathogen treatment barrier in water recycling via aquifers for drinking supplies. | a quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) was performed at four managed aquifer recharge (mar) sites (australia, south africa, belgium, mexico) where reclaimed wastewater and stormwater is recycled via aquifers for drinking water supplies, using the same risk-based approach that is used for public water supplies. for each of the sites, the aquifer treatment barrier was assessed for its log(10) removal capacity much like for other water treatment technologies. this information was then inte ... | 2010 | 20042212 |
| comparing electron microscopy and a competitive blocking elisa in the detection of rotaviruses in porcine faeces. | analysis of 476 faecal samples from diarrhoeic piglets was performed using electron microscopy (em) and a competitive blocking (cb)-elisa based on monoclonal antibodies to the vp6 protein of group a rotavirus. rotavirus was detected by em and/or cb-elisa in 111 (23.3%) samples. of these, all groups of rotavirus were identified in 83 (74.8%) samples by em (em+), while group a rotavirus was identified in 90 (81.1%) samples by cb-elisa (elisa+). however, only 62 (55.9%) of samples were positive usi ... | 2011 | 20036588 |
| analysis of rotavirus non-structural protein nsp5 by mass spectrometry reveals a complex phosphorylation pattern. | genomic replication and partial assembly of rotavirus takes place in cytoplasmic viral structures called viroplasms. nsp5 is a viral phosphoprotein localized in viroplasms and its expression is imperative for viral cycle progress. during infection three isoforms of nsp5 can be observed by sds-page (26, 28 and 33-35kda) and previous reports suggested that they differ in their phosphorylation patterns. in this study we obtained nsp5 from infected cells and by mass spectrometry we were able to iden ... | 2010 | 20036292 |
| rotavirus vaccines:an update. | 2009 | 20034143 | |
| kawasaki disease patients with redness or crust formation at the bacille calmette-guérin inoculation site. | a specific diagnostic test for kawasaki disease (kd) is currently unavailable. redness or crust formation at the bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) inoculation site is listed as a positive sign in the diagnostic guidelines of kd. the purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic features of kd patients with such changes at the bcg inoculation site and to evaluate the specificity of this sign in kd diagnosis. | 2010 | 20032807 |
| sequestration of free tubulin molecules by the viral protein nsp2 induces microtubule depolymerization during rotavirus infection. | microtubules, components of the cell cytoskeleton, play a central role in cellular trafficking. here we show that rotavirus infection leads to a remodeling of the microtubule network together with the formation of tubulin granules. while most microtubules surrounding the nucleus depolymerize, others appear packed at the cell periphery. in microtubule depolymerization areas, tubulin granules are observed; they colocalize with viroplasms, viral compartments formed by interactions between rotavirus ... | 2010 | 20032187 |
| identification of a rotavirus g12 strain, indonesia. | 2010 | 20031072 | |
| healthcare-associated viral gastroenteritis among children in a large pediatric hospital, united kingdom. | viruses are the major pathogens of community-acquired (ca) acute gastroenteritis (age) in children, but their role in healthcare-associated (ha) age is poorly understood. children with age hospitalized at alder hey children's hospital, liverpool, uk, were enrolled over a 2-year period. age was classified as ha if diarrhea developed > or =48 hours after admission. rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus 40/41, astrovirus, and sapovirus were detected by pcr. a total of 225 children with ha-age and 351 wi ... | 2010 | 20031043 |
| a mathematical model of the indirect effects of rotavirus vaccination. | rotavirus (rv) infections progressively confer natural immunity against subsequent infection. similarly to natural infection, vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine potentially reduces rv transmission and induces herd protection. a mathematical transmission model was developed to project the impact of a vaccination programme on the incidence of rv infection and disease for five countries in the european union. with vaccination coverage rates of 70%, 90% and 95% the model predicted that, in a ... | 2010 | 20028612 |
| molecular biology of rotavirus entry and replication. | rotavirus is a nonenveloped, double-stranded, rna virus belonging to the reoviridae family and is the major etiological agent of viral gastroenteritis in young children and young animals. remarkable progress in the understanding of the rotavirus cycle has been made in the last 10 years. the knowledge of viral replication thus far acquired is based on structural studies, the expression and coexpression of individual viral proteins, silencing of individual genes by sirnas, and the effects that the ... | 2009 | 20024520 |
| norovirus and rotavirus--two major causative agents of sporadic viral gastroenteritis in hospitalized polish children. | the aim of the study was to establish the main etiologic agents of acute viral gastroenteritis and to asses the severity of illness associated with the different viral agents of gastroenteritis in children hospitalized during spring/summer season 2008. | 2009 | 20022857 |
| rotavirus disease burden, nicaragua 2001-2005: defining the potential impact of a rotavirus vaccination program. | in october 2006, a rotavirus vaccine was introduced in nicaragua for routine immunization of all children. we document the baseline diarrheal disease burden in nicaragua prior to the vaccine program to facilitate future studies to measure vaccine impact. | 2010 | 20022778 |
| molecular characterization of human rotavirus vaccine strain cdc-9 during sequential passages in vero cells. | we have developed several candidate human rotavirus vaccine strains with common serotypes via adaptation in vero cells, adhering to the good laboratory practice (glp) guidelines. we sequenced the entire genome of a g1p[8] strain cdc-9 in original stool and passaged materials from vero cells and examined its genetic relatedness to the prototype human rotavirus ku and other strains. with the exception of vp3 gene which was closely related to that of strain ds-1, the culture-adapted cdc-9 strain sh ... | 2010 | 20009519 |
| a rotavirus spike protein conformational intermediate binds lipid bilayers. | during rotavirus entry, a virion penetrates a host cell membrane, sheds its outer capsid proteins, and releases a transcriptionally active subviral particle into the cytoplasm. vp5, the rotavirus protein believed to interact with the membrane bilayer, is a tryptic cleavage product of the outer capsid spike protein, vp4. when a rotavirus particle uncoats, vp5 folds back, in a rearrangement that resembles the fusogenic conformational changes in enveloped-virus fusion proteins. we present direct ex ... | 2010 | 20007281 |
| rotavirus infection activates dendritic cells from peyer's patches in adult mice. | this study used an in vivo mouse model to analyze the response of dendritic cells (dcs) in peyer's patches (pps) within the first 48 h of infection with the wild-type murine rotavirus edim (edim(wt)). after the infection, the absolute number of dcs was increased by 2-fold in the pps without a modification of their relative percentage of the total cell number. also, the dcs from pps of infected mice showed a time-dependent migration to the subepithelial dome (sed) and an increase of the surface a ... | 2010 | 20007263 |
| development of a rotavirus vaccine: clinical safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, rotateq. | initial approaches for rotavirus vaccines were based on the classical "jennerian" approach and utilized simian and bovine rotavirus strains, which provided cross-protection against human rotavirus strains but did not cause illness in infants and young children because of their species-specific tropism. the demonstrated efficacy of these vaccines was not consistent across studies. thus, human-animal reassortants containing an animal rotavirus backbone with human rotavirus surface g and/or p prote ... | 2009 | 20006144 |
| viral load and genotypes of noroviruses in symptomatic and asymptomatic children in southeastern brazil. | noroviruses (novs) are a major etiological agent of sporadic acute gastroenteritis worldwide. | 2010 | 20004146 |
| rotavirus disease and vaccination: impact on genotype diversity. | temporal and spatial fluctuations in the genotype distribution of human rotaviruses are continuously observed in surveillance studies. new genotypes, such as g9 and g12, have emerged and spread worldwide in a very short time span. in addition, reassortment events have the potential to contribute substantially to genetic diversity among human and animal rotaviruses. with the recent introduction of the two rotavirus vaccines, rotateq and rotarix, in many countries, it appears that the total number ... | 2009 | 19995190 |
| impact of rotavirus vaccination: the importance of monitoring strains. | 2009 | 19995181 | |
| acute and persistent diarrhea. | socially disadvantaged indigenous infants and children living in western industrialized countries experience high rates of infectious diarrhea, no more so than aboriginal children from remote and rural regions of northern australia. diarrheal disease, poor nutrition, and intestinal enteropathy reflect household crowding, inadequate water and poor sanitation and hygiene. acute episodes of watery diarrhea are often best managed by oral glucose-electrolyte solutions with continuation of breastfeedi ... | 2009 | 19962025 |
| vaccine preventable diseases and vaccination policy for indigenous populations. | there are many similarities regarding the health status of indigenous people in the 4 english-speaking developed countries of north america and the pacific (united states, canada, australia, new zealand), where they are all now minority populations. although vaccines have contributed to the reduction or elimination of disease disparities for many infections, indigenous people continue to have higher morbidity and mortality from many chronic and infectious diseases compared with the general popul ... | 2009 | 19962021 |
| aichi virus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in finland. | aichi virus has been proposed as a novel causative agent of acute gastroenteritis. in addition to several asian countries, south america and africa, aichi virus has also recently been found in europe. our objective was to study the causative role of aichi virus in children with acute gastroenteritis in finland. we analysed 595 stool specimens from infants in an efficacy trial of rotavirus vaccine and 468 stool specimens from children in a hospital-based epidemiological and aetiological study of ... | 2010 | 19961643 |
| recombinant porcine rotavirus vp4 and vp4-ltb expressed in lactobacillus casei induced mucosal and systemic antibody responses in mice. | porcine rotavirus infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the swine industry necessitating the development of effective vaccines for the prevention of infection. immune responses associated with protection are primarily mucosal in nature and induction of mucosal immunity is important for preventing porcine rotavirus infection. | 2009 | 19958557 |
| [nsp5/nsp6 of rotavirus strain tb-chen and preliminary genotyping analysis]. | strain tb-chen is a group a rotavirus (rv) isolated from a chinese infant suffering from gastroenteritis in hospital. the nsp5 and nsp6 of strain tb-chen are encoded by the 10th gene segment (816bp in whole length) of the viral genome. the results obtained in this study showed that the nsp5 was encoded in the first open-reading-frame (orf) of the gene segment (from 22bp to 624bp), and nsp6 was encoded in the second orf (from 80bp to 355bp). the nsp5 protein consisted of 200 amino acid residues w ... | 2009 | 19954111 |
| [cloning and expression of rotavirus sa11 vp7 and preparation of igy antibodies against recombinant vp7]. | to prepare eukaryotic expression of rotavirus (rv) sa11 capsid protein vp7, and to generate and purify yolk immunoglobulin (igy) antibodies against the recombinant vp7 from roman hens. | 2009 | 19950723 |
| detection of gii-4/2006b variant and recombinant noroviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis, south korea. | norovirus (nov), a single-stranded, positive rna virus, is an important etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. in this study, a total of 434 fecal samples collected from 434 children with acute gastroenteritis in seoul, between september 2007 and july 2008 were tested to determine the molecular epidemiology of novs and characterize recombinant strains by using rt-pcr followed by sequencing. of the 434 specimens, nov, rotavirus, and adenovirus were detected in 155 (35.8%) ... | 2010 | 19950237 |
| high prevalence of species d human adenoviruses in fecal specimens from urban kenyan children with diarrhea. | human adenoviruses (hadvs) cause a wide range of clinical syndromes and are classified in seven species, a-g, comprising 52 serotypes. hadv-a31, -f40, and -f41 have been associated with diarrhea in infants and young children. in developing countries gastroenteritis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and, in comparison to rotaviruses, there are no data on the hadvs associated with diarrhea in pediatric patients in kenya. this study investigates the prevalence and genotypes of ... | 2010 | 19950234 |
| a long-term survey on the distribution of the human rotavirus g type in thailand. | the distribution of the g type of human rotavirus was surveyed in thailand between july 1993 and june 2007. a significant yearly change in the distribution of the g type distribution was found. from 1993-1994 to 1998-1999, the g1 type was the most dominant. in 1999-2000, g9 began to appear at a high frequency. in 2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003, g9 was very common. in 2003-2004, g1 became the most prevalent type again, and since then it has been detected at the highest frequency. g12 strains ... | 2010 | 19950228 |
| efficacy and safety of pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine when administered with greater than 10 weeks between doses. | the pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine is indicated as a 3-dose series with first dose administered orally at 6 to 12 weeks with subsequent doses at 4 to 10 week intervals. in pre-licensure phase iii trials, the majority followed this schedule, but there were 2956 instances where infants received a dose of pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine/placebo >10 weeks after the previous dose. among this subset, the efficacy against any severity of disease, the reduc ... | 2010 | 19949360 |
| characterisation of g8 human rotaviruses in australian children with gastroenteritis. | this study describes the characterisation of g8 rotavirus strains isolated from humans with acute gastroenteritis. six g8 strains were detected in australia between 2002 and 2008. four were g8p[14] strains, one was g8p[8]+[14] and one was g8 p non-typeable. by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and enzyme immunoassay analysis, four g8 strains with visible rna exhibited a long electropherotype and five g8 strains displayed subgroup i specificity. sequence analysis of the vp7 gene indicated that t ... | 2010 | 19948195 |
| rotavirus infection and intussusception in tunisian children: implications for use of attenuated rotavirus vaccines. | a licensed rotavirus vaccine was withdrawn from use because of an increased risk of intussusception. the association of rotavirus vaccination with intussusception raised concerns about a potential link between natural rotavirus disease and intussusception. the objectives of the present study were to determine whether an epidemiological association with natural rotavirus infection existed. | 2009 | 19944222 |
| rotavirus and adenovirus frequency among patients with acute gastroenteritis and their relationship to clinical parameters: a retrospective study in turkey. | abstract: background: diarrhea is the third leading cause of death related to infectious diseases all over the world. the diseases related to viral gastroenteritis are gradually increasing, particularly in the developed countries. the purpose of our study was to determine the frequency and to investigate the clinical manifestations of acute rotavirus and adenovirus gatroenteritis and to assess the diagnostic value of the related clinical findings. methods: in 2007-2008 patients with diarrhea and ... | 2009 | 19943964 |
| surveillance and risk factors of norovirus gastroenteritis among children in a southern city of china in the fall-winter seasons of 2003-2006. | noroviruses (novs) are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis but knowledge on the disease burden and epidemiology in children in the developing countries remains limited. in this study, we performed a surveillance of nov gastroenteritis in children of china to address some of the questions. | 2010 | 19943862 |
| vaccines for enteric diseases: update on recent developments. | the 5th international conference on vaccines for enteric diseases (ved) attracted more than 250 delegates, mainly from industrialized countries. a total of 56 papers were presented and 46 posters were displayed to update recent developments in the field of enteric diseases and vaccine development. this 3-day event enabled academic research institutions, pharmaceutical and biotech companies, and international donors to get a sense of what has been going on since the last ved conference in 2007. t ... | 2009 | 19943760 |
| update on rotarix: an oral human rotavirus vaccine. | worldwide, rotaviruses are the single most important agents of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children. globally, it is estimated that every year rotavirus gastroenteritis causes more than 125 million episodes of diarrhea and nearly 527,000 deaths, mainly in developing countries. the development of new effective and safe rotavirus vaccines was recognized as the most effective intervention strategy that could yield a significant impact on the burden of rotavirus disease. rotarix is a ... | 2009 | 19943758 |
| simian rotaviruses possess divergent gene constellations that originated from interspecies transmission and reassortment. | although few simian rotaviruses (rvs) have been isolated, such strains have been important for basic research and vaccine development. to explore the origins of simian rvs, the complete genome sequences of strains ptrv (g8p[1]), rrv (g3p[3]), and tuch (g3p[24]) were determined. these data allowed the genotype constellations of each virus to be determined and the phylogenetic relationships of the simian strains with each other and with nonsimian rvs to be elucidated. the results indicate that ptr ... | 2010 | 19939934 |
| temperature-dependent transmission of rotavirus in great britain and the netherlands. | in europe, rotavirus gastroenteritis peaks in late winter or early spring suggesting a role for weather factors in transmission of the virus. in this study, multivariate regression models adapted for time-series data were used to investigate effects of temperature, humidity and rainfall on reported rotavirus infections and the infection-rate parameter, a derived measure of infection transmission that takes into account population immunity, in england, wales, scotland and the netherlands. delayed ... | 2010 | 19939844 |
| [survey about the perception of the gastroenteritis and the infection due to rotavirus by the mothers in france]. | to describe the perception of the acute gastroenteritis (age) and the interest for the vaccination of the age due to rotavirus. | 2010 | 19939583 |
| molecular characterization of the vp1, vp2, vp4, vp6, nsp1 and nsp2 genes of bovine group b rotaviruses: identification of a novel vp4 genotype. | studies on bovine group b rotaviruses (gbrs) are limited. to date, only the vp6 gene of a single bovine gbr strain and the vp7 and nsp5 genes of a few bovine gbr strains have been sequenced and analyzed. in the present study, using a single-primer amplification method, we have determined the full-length nucleotide sequences of the vp1, vp2, vp4, vp6, nsp1 and nsp2 genes of three bovine gbr strains from eastern india. in all six of these genes, the bovine gbr strains shared high genetic relatedne ... | 2010 | 19936611 |
| [rotavirus as a cause of acute diarrhea]. | 2009 | 19935540 | |
| universal mass vaccination against rotavirus gastroenteritis: impact on hospitalization rates in austrian children. | since july 2007, rotavirus vaccinations have been subsidized in austria for all children from the seventh week up to the sixth month of life. vaccination coverage over the whole period was 72% with an increase to 87% in 2008. | 2010 | 19935446 |
| booster vaccinations: can immunologic memory outpace disease pathogenesis? | almost all current vaccines work by the induction of antibodies in serum or on the mucosa to block adherence of pathogens to epithelial cells or interfere with microbial invasion of the bloodstream. however, antibody levels usually decline after vaccination to undetectable amounts if further vaccination does not occur. persistence of vaccine-induced antibodies usually goes well beyond the time when they should have decayed to undetectable levels because of ongoing "natural" boosting or other imm ... | 2009 | 19933727 |
| rotaviruses require basolateral molecules for efficient infection of polarized mdckii cells. | in this work we evaluated the ability of rotavirus strains with different receptor requirements to infect the apical and basolateral surfaces of polarized mdckii cells. we used neuraminidase (na)-sensitive (rrv and tfr-1) and neuraminidase-resistant (wa and uk) viruses that differ in their use of integrins. regardless of their receptor requirements, all virus strains tested were found to efficiently infect cells from both membrane surface domains, with preference for the basolateral domain, sinc ... | 2010 | 19932141 |
| human rotavirus genotypes in hospitalized children, south korea, april 2005 to march 2007. | availability of new rotavirus vaccines highlights the need to maintain and enhance rotavirus strain surveillance. we collected stool samples from children with gastroenteritis admitted to eight hospitals in south korea from april 2005 to march 2007. of the 6057 samples collected, 1337 (22%) were positive for rotavirus by one of several antigen detection assays. g and p genotypes were identified for 1299 (97%) of rotavirus-positive specimens. g1p[8] (36%) was the most prevalent strain, followed b ... | 2009 | 19931730 |
| rotavirus hospitalization and molecular epidemiology in northern japan, 1987-1996. | anticipating rotavirus vaccine in japan, we examined long-term trends in rotavirus hospitalizations and characterized circulating strains. rotavirus was detected in 974 children aged <5 years hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in akita between 1987 and 1996. the unadjusted incidence rate of rotavirus hospitalizations was 14.9 per 1000 child-years. in 9 out of 11 seasons g1p[8] was the most frequent genotype averaging 75%, but g2p[4] accounted for 87% of genotypes in 1 season. interestingly, ... | 2009 | 19931729 |
| genotyping of rotavirus isolates collected from children less than 5 years of age admitted for diarrhoea at the yangon children's hospital, myanmar. | rotavirus positive stool specimens collected from children less than 5-year-old admitted to yangon children's hospital for diarrhoea were analysed for their g and p genotypes. in 2004, rotavirus was detected in 57% of 1004 samples tested with g3 and p[8] being the most common genotypes identified. corresponding figures in 2005, were 55% of 1175 samples positive for rotavirus with g3 and p[4] genotypes being most common. the most common g and p combinations were g3p[8] and g1p[8], with some unusu ... | 2009 | 19931728 |
| rotavirus diarrhoea among children aged less than 5 years at mahosot hospital, vientiane, lao pdr. | rotavirus is one of the most common causes of severe life-threatening diarrhoea in children leading to hospitalization especially in developing countries. at mahosot hospital in vientiane, lao pdr, children with diarrhoea underwent standard clinical evaluation and faecal specimen collection to estimate the burden of rotavirus hospitalizations and to determine rotavirus strain patterns among children aged less than 5 years old. from march 2005 to february 2007, a total of 1158 stool specimens wer ... | 2009 | 19931727 |
| hospital-based surveillance for rotavirus diarrhoea in phnom penh, cambodia, march 2005 through february 2007. | globally rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. from march 2005 through february 2007, a prospective hospital-based surveillance study was conducted at a national hospital in phnom penh, cambodia, to estimate the burden of rotavirus hospitalizations among children aged <5 years old and to determine strain patterns. children with diarrhoea underwent standard clinical evaluations. parents were interviewed for demographic and family information. faecal specimens w ... | 2009 | 19931726 |
| molecular epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhoea among children in haiphong, vietnam: the emergence of g3 rotavirus. | from september 2006- october 2007 hospital-based surveillance was conducted in haiphong, vietnam among children less than age 5 years hospitalized for diarrhoea to determine the distribution of g and p types and electropherotypes of rotavirus. of note, the emergence of g3p[8] was identified and the strain was predominant among rotaviruses detected. more than 90% of g3p[8] electropherotyped strains shared an identical electropherotype, indicating they were of a single origin and their vp7 sequenc ... | 2009 | 19931725 |
| transitioning from clinical research to public health surveillance for new vaccine preventable diseases: the case for rotavirus gastroenteritis. | who recommendations for the inclusion of several new vaccines in national immunization programs (nips) will require surveillance of additional vaccine preventable diseases (vpds). to inform vaccine introduction decisions, many global and regional initiatives, including the asian rotavirus surveillance network (arsn), have generated disease burden data from multiple countries on these new vpds. sentinel hospital-based surveillance, which is both under the overall management of national surveillan ... | 2009 | 19931724 |
| economic evaluation of a routine rotavirus vaccination programme in indonesia. | an economic evaluation was undertaken to assess the potential for introducing rotavirus vaccine into indonesia's national immunization program. for a projected birth cohort of 4.2 million children was followed until 5 years of age, a routine rotavirus vaccination programme could potentially avert 488,547 cases of diarrhoea treated in outpatient hospital facilities, 176,375 hospitalizations, and 8148 deaths. assuming a cost of us$ 14 per vaccine course, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio wo ... | 2009 | 19931723 |
| rotavirus surveillance to determine disease burden and epidemiology in java, indonesia, august 2001 through april 2004. | this study estimates rotavirus disease burden in children under age 3 years presenting with acute gastroenteritis to hospitals in purworejo district and yogyakarta city from august 2001 to april 2004. among a total of 8929 hospitalized children, 1397 (16%) presented with acute gastroenteritis and of the 1321 stool samples tested, 705 (53%) were positive for rotavirus. rotavirus infections were most common among children aged 7-23 months and rotavirus was more common during the dry season (june t ... | 2009 | 19931722 |
| use of intravenous fluids in hong kong children hospitalised for diarrhoea and relationship to severity and aetiology. | this study assessed the clinical management and impact of diarrhoea aetiology (rotavirus positive/negative) and rotavirus genotype on diarrhoeal disease severity. of 7391 diarrhoea admissions less than 5 years of age over a 2-year period, 80% of patients were tested for rotavirus, 87% were cultured for bacterial pathogens and 78% were assessed for both. diarrhoeal severity scores were greatest in those children with mixed rotavirus and bacterial infections. between 1.3 and 8.4% of infants were c ... | 2009 | 19931721 |
| hospital-based surveillance and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infection in taiwan, 2005-2007. | to determine the distribution of rotavirus strains and facilitate vaccine policy decisions in taiwan, active hospital-based gastroenteritis surveillance was conducted in three sentinel hospitals. from 1 january 2005 to 31 december 2007, a total of 3435 children less than 5 years old with gastroenteritis were enrolled. the presence of rotavirus was documented by enzyme immunoassay (eia), and the g and p genotypes were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and sequ ... | 2009 | 19931720 |
| importance and challenges of accurately counting rotavirus deaths in china, 2002. | rotavirus mortality is an important component of the total burden of rotavirus disease for children under 5 years old, but accurate estimation is difficult for many developing countries. here we applied a more direct method to improve estimates of rotavirus mortality in china using 2002 chinese-specific data. results indicate that in 2002, approximately 13,400 children under 5 years old in china died from rotavirus and 70% of these deaths occur in rural areas. thus, a national rotavirus immuniza ... | 2009 | 19931719 |
| molecular epidemiology of g9 rotavirus strains in children with diarrhoea hospitalized in mainland china from january 2006 to december 2007. | rotavirus was detected in 52% of 2328 stool specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to three sentinel hospitals in mainland china from january 2006 to december 2007. g3p[8] (42%) was the most common strain. despite being common globally, only 18 (2%) g9-positive samples were identified. the vp7, vp4, vp6, and nsp4 genes were sequences for 13 of the g9 strains with g9p[8] being most common and showing the same origin as g9 strains reported in other countries. one g9p ... | 2009 | 19931718 |
| rotavirus vaccines: the role of researchers in moving evidence to action. | evidence generated through years of research has built a solid scientific foundation on the safety and efficacy of rotavirus vaccines, and has served to raise awareness of global rotavirus disease burden and the potential impact of vaccination. in this commentary, we explore the role that researchers can play in closing key gaps of knowledge, demand, and financing to support decision-making on introduction of new vaccines in developing countries. with safe and efficacious rotavirus vaccines now ... | 2009 | 19931717 |
| rotavirus infection in hospitalized children and estimates of disease burden in kyrgyzstan, 2005-2007. | to estimate the rotavirus-associated burden in kyrgyzstan, we conducted hospital surveillance among children <5 years old with diarrhoea during 2005-2007. of 3756 children hospitalized with diarrhoea, 26% had rotavirus detected in stool samples by an enzyme immunoassay. the virus genotype g1p[8] was identified in 60% of 190 characterized samples from 2005 to 2006. the estimated risk for rotavirus hospitalization by age 5 years was 1 in 28 children. one quarter of all gastroenteritis hospitalizat ... | 2009 | 19931716 |
| surveillance of rotavirus in a rural diarrhoea treatment centre in bangladesh, 2000-2006. | rotavirus was detected in 33% of 4519 children less than 5 years of age admitted with diarrhoea to treatment centres at matlab in rural bangladesh from 2000 to 2006. highest rotavirus detection rates were in children aged 6-11 months with 56% being less than 1 year old. the peak seasonal detection was in july-september and december-february. the population-based incidence rates of rotavirus ranged from 10.8 to 19.6/1000 children less than 5 years of age. g1 serotype predominated between june 200 ... | 2009 | 19931715 |
| population-based surveillance for severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in children in karachi, pakistan. | the incidence of rotavirus-associated severe diarrhoea and distribution of rotavirus genotypes in children less than five years of age was determined in two low-income communities in karachi, pakistan. over a two-year period, 717 children met eligibility criteria for severe diarrhoea and stools were obtained from 575 (80%) with 97 (17%) being rotavirus positive. adjusted annual rates of severe rotavirus diarrhoea in children less than five years and less than one year were respectively 5.7 and 1 ... | 2009 | 19931714 |
| disease and economic burden of rotavirus diarrhoea in india. | we used published and unpublished studies and national statistics to estimate the number of deaths, hospitalizations, and outpatient visits due to rotavirus diarrhoea and the associated national economic burden of disease in india. annually in india, rotavirus diarrhoea causes an estimated 122,000-153,000 deaths, 457,000-884,000 hospitalizations, and 2 million outpatient visits in children <5 years of age. india spends rs 2.0-3.4 billion (us$ 41-72 million) annually in medical costs to treat rot ... | 2009 | 19931713 |
| development and characterization of candidate rotavirus vaccine strains derived from children with diarrhoea in vietnam. | in vietnam, rotavirus infection accounts for more than one-half of all hospitalizations for diarrhoea among children less than 5 years of age. while new vaccines to prevent rotavirus diarrhoea have been developed and introduced into some countries by multinational manufacturers, the ability for developing countries such as vietnam to introduce several new and important vaccines into the routine infant immunization schedule may be challenging. in order to be partially self-sufficient in vaccine p ... | 2009 | 19931712 |
| evaluation of rotavirus vaccines in asia--are there lessons to be learnt? | rotavirus mortality is highest in the asia-pacific region and rotavirus vaccines could have enormous impact here. yet, live-attenuated orally administered rotavirus vaccines have been evaluated in a small number of immunogenicity studies in some asian countries, where the immune responses have been documented to be moderate in low-income countries with high diarrhoeal disease burden and mortality, and high in middle-/high-income countries with little reported rotavirus deaths. this review of the ... | 2009 | 19931711 |
| incidence of intussusception among children 0-5 years of age in thailand, 2001-2006. | to provide baseline incidence data of intussusception among thai children under 5 years old, outpatient and inpatient records from 2001 to 2006 from five hospitals were reviewed. 112 cases of intussusception were identified, confirmed by either ultrasonography (65%), radiology procedure (32%) or surgery (3%). common presenting symptoms were vomiting, mucous bloody stool and fever. 50% of intussusceptions were ileocolic in location and 49% underwent surgery. male to female ratio was 1.7:1 and 86% ... | 2009 | 19931709 |
| out-of-pocket costs associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization in malaysia. | from august 2006 to july 2007 a prospective study of out-of-pocket costs incurred by care-givers of children hospitalized for rotavirus gastroenteritis was conducted in a hospital in malaysia. data on caretaker out-of-pocket costs were collected from 260 children hospitalized with diarrhoea. a stool sample was collected from 198 of these children of which 46 (23%) were positive for rotavirus by latex agglutination assay. the mean (median; interquartile range) out-of-pocket cost incurred by the c ... | 2009 | 19931708 |
| the burden of hospitalised rotavirus infections in fiji. | rotavirus is the most common cause of acute severe dehydrating diarrhoea in young children worldwide. we describe the burden of rotavirus disease and the rotavirus types causing it in the largest city in fiji. during 2006 and 2007, 592 children under 5 years of age were admitted to hospital in suva, fiji with acute diarrhoea. of the 454 children for whom a stool specimen was tested, 39% were positive for rotavirus and the predominant strain found was the serotype g3[p8]. there is a significant b ... | 2009 | 19931707 |
| rotavirus strain surveillance--an australian perspective of strains causing disease in hospitalised children from 1997 to 2007. | this study documents rotavirus strains causing severe disease in australian children during the pre-vaccine era. during the period 1997-2007, rotavirus strains from national multi-centre hospital-based surveillance in australia were analysed for g and p types. g1p[8] was the dominant genotype identified during the 11-year study, with intermittent peaks associated with genotypes g2p[4], g3p[8] and g9p[8]. the results provide baseline information of the g and p genotypes causing disease in austral ... | 2009 | 19931706 |
| a decade of the asian rotavirus surveillance network: achievements and future directions. | 2009 | 19931705 | |
| a transient lesion in the corpus callosum during rotavirus infection. | 2009 | 19931174 | |
| helicobacter spp. in wild mice (peromyscus leucopus) found in laboratory animal facilities. | wild rodents are a potential source for pathogen introduction into laboratory animal research facilities. a study was designed to assess wild mice found at our institution by infectious disease surveillance. wild white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) were captured with live capture traps placed in areas in which wild mice had been reported in several animal facilities. captured animals were euthanized by inhalation of co(2), blood was collected by cardiocentesis (n = 10), and necropsy was perf ... | 2009 | 19930823 |
| studies on the antidiarrhoeal activity of aegle marmelos unripe fruit: validating its traditional usage. | aegle marmelos (l.) correa has been widely used in indigenous systems of indian medicine due to its various medicinal properties. however, despite its traditional usage as an anti-diarrhoeal there is limited information regarding its mode of action in infectious forms of diarrhoea. hence, we evaluated the hot aqueous extract (decoction) of dried unripe fruit pulp of a. marmelos for its antimicrobial activity and effect on various aspects of pathogenicity of infectious diarrhoea. | 2009 | 19930633 |
| rotac: a web-based tool for the complete genome classification of group a rotaviruses. | group a rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and children worldwide and continue to have a major global impact on childhood morbidity and mortality. in recent years, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the development of two new live, orally administered vaccines. although both vaccines have proven to confer a good protection against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, these vaccines will have to be screened and may have to be updated regularly to refl ... | 2009 | 19930627 |