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molecular variability and evolution of a natural population of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in shanghai, china.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), belonging to the genus begomovirus of the family geminiviridae, is emerging as the most destructive pathogen of tomato plants. since the first report of tylcv in shanghai, china in 2006, tylcv has spread rapidly to 13 provinces or autonomous regions of china. in this study, the molecular variability and evolution of tylcv were monitored in shanghai from its first upsurge in 2006 until 2010. full-length genomic sequences of 26 isolates were obtained by rolli ...201424510706
a review of the mechanisms and components that determine the transmission efficiency of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (geminiviridae; begomovirus) by its whitefly vector.begomoviruses are a group of icosahedral single stranded dna viruses exclusively transmitted by the sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci in a persistent, circulative manner. in this mode of transmission, begomoviruses are acquired by their insect vector as intact virions from the plant phloem, move along the food canal, foregut and esophagus and reach the midgut where they are absorbed into the hemolymph via the filter chamber. the filter chamber is the site where most of the ingested food is fi ...201424508344
expression and functional characterisation of a soluble form of tomato yellow leaf curl virus coat protein.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), a member of the genus begomovirus within the family geminiviridae, is an important pathogen of tomato in many tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. tylcv is exclusively transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci in a circulative manner. the viral coat protein (cp) has been assumed to play important roles in the entry of tylcv into the insect midgut cells.201424488592
female-biased symbionts and tomato yellow leaf curl virus infections in bemisia tabaci.the female-biased infection of facultative symbionts has been found in bemisia tabaci; however, whether there are any differences in tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and obligate symbiont infection rates between females and males is unknown. determining whether such differences exist would be very important for understanding the spread of the plant virus and of the symbionts. we compared both symbiont infection types, including obligate and facultative symbionts, and the rates of tylcv infe ...201424465416
degradation mechanisms of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus coat protein following inoculation of tomato plants by the whitefly bemisia tabaci.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is a begomovirus infecting tomato cultures worldwide. tylcv is transmitted to plants by the whitefly bemisia tabaci. once in the plant, the virus is subjected to attack by the host-plant defences, which may include sequestration in aggregates, proteolysis, ubiquitination, 26s proteasome degradation and autophagy. elucidating how the virus avoids destruction will make it possible to understand infection and possibly devise countermeasures.201424464776
emergence and diversity of begomoviruses infecting solanaceous crops in east and southeast asia.over the past three decades diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) have emerged to be important constraints to the production of solanaceous crops, particularly tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and peppers (capsicum spp.), in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. the most studied of these is tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), which has spread to many other areas from its likely origin in the mediterranean basin region. the virus is usually associated ...201424440320
association of an alphasatellite with tomato yellow leaf curl virus and ageratum yellow vein virus in japan is suggestive of a recent introduction.samples were collected in 2011 from tomato plants exhibiting typical tomato leaf curl disease symptoms in the vicinity of komae, japan. pcr mediated amplification, cloning and sequencing of all begomovirus components from two plants from different fields showed the plants to be infected by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and ageratum yellow vein virus (ayvv). both viruses have previously been shown to be present in japan, although this is the first identification of ayvv on mainland japan; ...201424424499
plant virus differentially alters the plant's defense response to its closely related vectors.the whitefly, bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), is one of the most widely distributed agricultural pests. in recent years, b. tabaci q has invaded china, and q has displaced b in many areas now. in a number of regions of the world, invasion by b and/or q has been followed by outbreaks of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv). our previous study showed tylcv directly and indirectly modified the feeding behavior of b. tabaci in favor of q rather than b.201324391779
a bead-based suspension array for the multiplexed detection of begomoviruses and their whitefly vectors.bead-based suspension array systems enable simultaneous fluorescence-based identification of multiple nucleic acid targets in a single reaction. this study describes the development of a novel approach to plant virus and vector diagnostics, a multiplexed 7-plex array that comprises a hierarchical set of assays for the simultaneous detection of begomoviruses and bemisia tabaci, from both plant and whitefly samples. the multiplexed array incorporates genus, species and strain-specific assays, offe ...201424388931
lamium amplexicaule (lamiaceae): a weed reservoir for tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) in korea.after the first identification of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) in the southern part of korea in 2008, tylcv has rapidly spread to tomato farms in most regions of korea. from 2008 to 2010, a survey of natural weed hosts that could be reservoirs of tylcv was performed in major tomato production areas of korea. about 530 samples were collected and identified as belonging to 25 species from 11 families. pcr and southern hybridization were used to detect tylcv in samples, and replicating for ...201424327090
identification of a disease complex involving a novel monopartite begomovirus with beta- and alphasatellites associated with okra leaf curl disease in oman.okra leaf curl disease (olcd) is an important viral disease of okra in tropical and subtropical areas. the disease is caused by begomovirus-satellite complexes. a begomovirus and associated betasatellite and alphasatellite were identified in symptomatic okra plants from barka, in the al-batinah region of oman. analysis of the begomovirus sequences showed them to represent a new begomovirus most closely related to cotton leaf curl gezira virus (clcugev), a begomovirus of african origin. the seque ...201424287711
facultative symbiont hamiltonella confers benefits to bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), an invasive agricultural pest worldwide.bacterial symbionts infect most insect species, including important pests such as whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), and often exert important effects on host ecology. the facultative symbiont hamiltonella is found at high frequencies in the b. tabaci med (type: mediterranean-med) in china. the prevalence of this symbiont in natural populations suggests beneficial effects of infection or manipulation of host reproduction. to date, however, no empirical studies on the ...201324280594
complete genome sequence of a new begomovirus associated with yellow mosaic disease of hemidesmus indicus in india.the complete dna a genome of a virus isolate associated with yellow mosaic disease of a medicinal plant, hemidesmus indicus, from india was cloned and sequenced. the length of dna a was 2825 nucleotides, 35 nucleotides longer than the unit genome of monopartite begomoviruses. comparison of the nucleotide sequence of dna a of the virus isolate with those of other begomoviruses showed maximum sequence identity of 69 % to dna a of ageratum yellow vein china virus (ayvcnv; aj558120) and 68 % with to ...201424276235
comparative transcriptome profiling of a resistant vs. susceptible tomato (solanum lycopersicum) cultivar in response to infection by tomato yellow leaf curl virus.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) threatens tomato production worldwide by causing leaf yellowing, leaf curling, plant stunting and flower abscission. the current understanding of the host plant defense response to this virus is very limited. using whole transcriptome sequencing, we analyzed the differential gene expression in response to tylcv infection in the tylcv-resistant tomato breeding line cln2777a (r) and tylcv-susceptible tomato breeding line tmxa48-4-0 (s). the mixed inoculated sa ...201324260487
molecular detection and partial characterization of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in sri lanka.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is an important plant virus on one of the economically most important vegetable crops; tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.). this had not been molecularly detected before, in sri lanka. tylcv-gn-sl was isolated from apparently infected tomato plants using modified cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) method in gannoruwa. associated begomoviruses were detected using deng 541/deng 540 and av 494/ac 1048 primer pairs. tylcv was detected for the first time i ...201224205755
v2 of tomato yellow leaf curl virus can suppress methylation-mediated transcriptional gene silencing in plants.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is a dna virus belonging to the genus begomovirus. tylcv replicates using double-stranded dna intermediates that can become the target of plant transcriptional gene silencing (tgs). here, we show that the v2 protein of tylcv can suppress tgs of a transcriptionally silenced green fluorescent protein (gfp) transgene in nicotiana benthamiana line 16-tgs. through bisulfite sequencing and chop-pcr, we demonstrated that the tylcv v2 can reverse gfp transgene silen ...201424187017
mapping and introgression of a tomato yellow leaf curl virus tolerance gene, ty-1.the whitefly-transmitted tomato yellow-leaf curl gemini-virus (tylcv) is a major pathogen of tomatoes. the wild tomato species lycopersicon chilense, which is resistant to the virus, was crossed to the cultivated tomato, l. esculentum. the backcross-1 selfed (bc1s1) generation was inoculated and a symptomless plant was selected. this plant was analyzed using 61 molecular markers, which span the tomato genome, to determine which l. chilense chromosome segments were introgressed. a bc2s1 populatio ...199424185918
tomato yellow leaf curl virus alters the host preferences of its vector bemisia tabaci.bemisia tabaci, the whitefly vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), seriously reduces tomato production and quality. here, we report the first evidence that infection by tylcv alters the host preferences of invasive b. tabaci b (middle east-minor asia 1) and q (mediterranean genetic group), in which tylcv-free b. tabaci q preferred to settle on tylcv-infected tomato plants over healthy ones. tylcv-free b. tabaci b, however, preferred healthy tomato plants to tylcv-infected plants. in c ...201324096821
phylogenetic relationships, recombination analysis, and genetic variability among diverse variants of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in iran and the arabian peninsula: further support for a tylcv center of diversity.the discovery of five strains of tylcv in iran, including the most well-known and widespread, tylcv-il, spurred a detailed study of the full-length genomes of additional tylcv field isolates and an in-depth analysis of phylogenetic relationships, extent of recombination, and genetic variability of tylcv isolates within iran and throughout the arabian peninsula. phylogenetic analysis of complete genome sequences of tylcv isolates from iran and other countries revealed four monophyletic clusters c ...201424068582
recent evolution of a novel begomovirus causing tomato leaf curl disease in the al-batinah region of oman.for last two decades, begomoviruses (family geminiviridae) have been a major constraint for tomato production in oman, particularly in the al-batinah region, the major agricultural area of oman. farms in the al-batinah region were surveyed during january-march and november-december in 2012 and january-february in 2013. leaf samples of tomato plants showing typical leaf curl disease symptoms were collected and analyzed for begomoviruses. out of fifteen begomovirus clones sequenced, seven were sho ...201424052149
recruitment of the host plant heat shock protein 70 by tomato yellow leaf curl virus coat protein is required for virus infection.a functional capsid protein (cp) is essential for host plant infection and insect transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and other monopartite begomoviruses. we have previously shown that tylcv cp specifically interacts with the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) of the virus insect vector, bemisia tabaci. here we demonstrate that during the development of tomato plant infection with tylcv, a significant amount of hsp70 shifts from a soluble form into insoluble aggregates. cp and hsp70 ...201323894631
pcr-rflp-based typing for differentiation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) genotypes from infected host plants in korea.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using two sets of primers designed from published tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) genomes was developed to distinguish from the tylcv-il groups. the specificity of the two sets of primers was proven by testing against control tylcv genomes and the symptomatic leaves of 34 different tomato cultivars naturally infected with tylcv in greenhouses. one set for tylcv-il strain-specific primers (tylcv-uni-f and tylcv-uni-r) amplified full-length genome fragments ...201323884784
virus infection of a weed increases vector attraction to and vector fitness on the weed.weeds are important in the ecology of field crops, and when crops are harvested, weeds often become the main hosts for plant viruses and their insect vectors. few studies, however, have examined the relationships between plant viruses, vectors, and weeds. here, we investigated how infection of the weed datura stramonium l. by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) affects the host preference and performance of the tylcv vector, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) q. the results of a choice experiment indi ...201323872717
differential effects of an exotic plant virus on its two closely related vectors.concurrent spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) with invasion of bemisia tabaci q rather than b in china suggests a more mutualistic relationship between tylcv and q than b. to assess this hypothesis, we quantified the impacts of tylcv on the performance and competitiveness of b and q in the laboratory. the results showed that relative to their non-infected counterparts feeding on cotton (a non-host for tylcv), infected b exhibited significant reductions in life-history traits, wherea ...201323864010
eugenol enhances the resistance of tomato against tomato yellow leaf curl virus.tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease (tylcvd) causes severe to economic losses in tomato crops in china. the control of tylcvd is based primarily on the use of synthetic insecticide to control its vector whitefly (bemisia tabaci). to look for an alternative method for disease control, we investigated the effect of eugenol on controlling tylcvd. the potential of eugenol to trigger systemic acquired resistance (sar) in tomato (jiangsu 14) plants against tylcv was also investigated.201423852671
peptide aptamers that bind to geminivirus replication proteins confer a resistance phenotype to tomato yellow leaf curl virus and tomato mottle virus infection in tomato.geminiviruses constitute a large family of single-stranded dna viruses that cause serious losses in important crops worldwide. they often exist in disease complexes and have high recombination and mutation rates, allowing them to adapt rapidly to new hosts and environments. thus, an effective resistance strategy must be general in character and able to target multiple viruses. the geminivirus replication protein (rep) is a good target for broad-based disease control because it is highly conserve ...201323824791
the role of bacterial chaperones in the circulative transmission of plant viruses by insect vectors.persistent circulative transmission of plant viruses involves complex interactions between the transmitted virus and its insect vector. several studies have shown that insect vector proteins are involved in the passage and the transmission of the virus. interestingly, proteins expressed by bacterial endosymbionts that reside in the insect vector, were also shown to influence the transmission of these viruses. thus far, the transmission of two plant viruses that belong to different virus genera w ...201323783810
highly sensitive serological methods for detecting tomato yellow leaf curl virus in tomato plants and whiteflies.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is a member of the genus begomovirus in the family geminiviridae, which causes severe losses in tomato production in tropic and subtropic regions.201323647724
a plant virus manipulates the behavior of its whitefly vector to enhance its transmission efficiency and spread.plant viruses can produce direct and plant-mediated indirect effects on their insect vectors, modifying their life cycle, fitness and behavior. viruses may benefit from such changes leading to enhanced transmission efficiency and spread. in our study, female adults of bemisia tabaci were subjected to an acquisition access period of 72 h in tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv)-infected and non-infected tomato plants to obtain viruliferous and non-viruliferous whiteflies, respectively. insects th ...201323613872
the tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance genes ty-1 and ty-3 are allelic and code for dfdgd-class rna-dependent rna polymerases.tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease incited by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) causes huge losses in tomato production worldwide and is caused by different related begomovirus species. breeding for tylcv resistance has been based on the introgression of multiple resistance genes originating from several wild tomato species. in this study we have fine-mapped the widely used solanum chilense-derived ty-1 and ty-3 genes by screening nearly 12,000 plants for recombination events and generati ...201323555305
discovering host genes involved in the infection by the tomato yellow leaf curl virus complex and in the establishment of resistance to the virus using tobacco rattle virus-based post transcriptional gene silencing.the development of high-throughput technologies allows for evaluating gene expression at the whole-genome level. together with proteomic and metabolomic studies, these analyses have resulted in the identification of plant genes whose function or expression is altered as a consequence of pathogen attacks. members of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) complex are among the most important pathogens impairing production of agricultural crops worldwide. to understand how these geminiviruses su ...201323524390
within-host dynamics of the emergence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus recombinants.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is a highly damaging begomovirus native to the middle east. tylcv has recently spread worldwide, recombining with other begomoviruses. recent analysis of mixed infections between tylcv and tomato leaf curl comoros begomovirus (tolckmv) has shown that, although natural selection preserves certain co-evolved intra-genomic interactions, numerous and diverse recombinants are produced at 120 days post-inoculation (dpi), and recombinant populations from different ...201323472190
insect symbiont facilitates vector acquisition, retention, and transmission of plant virus.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) was first detected in china in 2006, following the introduction of bemisia tabaci q into china in 2003. since then, the incidence of tylcv in tomato fields in china has greatly increased as has the abundance and distribution of q whiteflies containing the bacterial symbiont hamiltonella with high frequency. this suggested that the symbiont hamiltonella might associate with the transmission efficiency of tylcv by the whitefly vector. here we report the first ...201323455639
involvement of the hexose transporter gene leht1 and of sugars in resistance of tomato to tomato yellow leaf curl virus. 201323430051
multiple forms of vector manipulation by a plant-infecting virus: bemisia tabaci and tomato yellow leaf curl virus.for many insect-vectored plant viruses, the relationship between feeding behavior and vector competence may prove integral to an understanding of the epidemiology of the resulting plant disease. while plant-infecting viruses are well known to change host plant physiology in a way that makes them more attractive to vectors, viral manipulation of the vectors themselves has only recently been reported. previous research suggested that the rapid spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) throug ...201323408638
high efficient of females of b-type bemisia tabaci as males in transmitting the whitefly-borne tomato yellow leaf curl virus to tomato plant with q-pcr method confirmation.it has been previously reported that tylcv can be transmitted from viruliferous males to non-viruliferous females and from viruliferous females to non-viruliferous males, but not between insects of the same sex; female whiteflies transmit tylcv-is with higher efficiency than males through symptoms recognition and viral dna identification in tomato test plants (one insect per plant, with 48 h aap and 48 h iap). however, it remains unclear whether non-infected female and male could obtain same vir ...201223336021
advanced engineering of lipid metabolism in nicotiana benthamiana using a draft genome and the v2 viral silencing-suppressor protein.the transient leaf assay in nicotiana benthamiana is widely used in plant sciences, with one application being the rapid assembly of complex multigene pathways that produce new fatty acid profiles. this rapid and facile assay would be further improved if it were possible to simultaneously overexpress transgenes while accurately silencing endogenes. here, we report a draft genome resource for n. benthamiana spanning over 75% of the 3.1 gb haploid genome. this resource revealed a two-member nbfad2 ...201223300750
adaptive evolution by recombination is not associated with increased mutation rates in maize streak virus.single-stranded (ss) dna viruses in the family geminiviridae are proving to be very useful in real-time evolution studies. the high mutation rate of geminiviruses and other ssdna viruses is somewhat mysterious in that their dna genomes are replicated in host nuclei by high fidelity host polymerases. although strand specific mutation biases observed in virus species from the geminivirus genus mastrevirus indicate that the high mutation rates in viruses in this genus may be due to mutational proce ...201223268599
biological invasions of geminiviruses: case study of tylcv and bemisia tabaci in reunion island.in the last 20 years, molecular ecology approaches have proven to be extremely useful to identify and assess factors associated with viral emerging diseases, particularly in economically and socially important tropical crops such as maize (maize streak disease) and cassava (cassava mosaic disease). molecular ecology approaches were applied in reunion island to analyze the epidemic of tomato yellow leaf curl disease, which has been affecting the island since the end of the 1990s. before the invas ...201223235470
progressive aggregation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus coat protein in systemically infected tomato plants, susceptible and resistant to the virus.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) coat protein (cp) accumulated in tomato leaves during infection. the cp was immuno-detected in the phloem associated cells. at the early stages of infection, punctate signals were detected in the cytoplasm, while in the later stages aggregates of increasing size were localized in cytoplasm and nuclei. sedimentation of protein extracts through sucrose gradients confirmed that progress of infection was accompanied by the formation of cp aggregates of increasin ...201323099086
molecular identification of a new begomovirus associated with mosaic disease of jatropha curcas l. in nigeria.we report the complete nucleotide sequence of dna-a of a begomovirus naturally infecting jatropha curcas l. in nigeria. symptoms observed on infected plants were severe mosaic, mottling and blistering of leaves. the virus, which we provisionally name "jatropha mosaic nigeria virus" (jmnv), has a monopartite genome of 2,779 to 2,789 nucleotides. pairwise comparisons of dna-a sequences showed that jmnv had maximum nucleotide sequence identity (72%) with a strain of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. s ...201323074041
implication of bemisia tabaci heat shock protein 70 in begomovirus-whitefly interactions.the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is a major cosmopolitan pest capable of feeding on hundreds of plant species and transmits several major plant viruses. the most important and widespread viruses vectored by b. tabaci are in the genus begomovirus, an unusual group of plant viruses owing to their small, single-stranded dna genome and geminate particle morphology. b. tabaci transmits begomoviruses in a persistent circulative nonpropagative manner. evidence suggests that the whitefly vector e ...201223015709
recombination profiles between tomato yellow leaf curl virus and tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus in laboratory and field conditions: evolutionary and taxonomic implications.tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus have co-existed in italian tomato crops since 2002 and have reached equilibrium, with plants hosting molecules of both species plus their recombinants being the most frequent case. recombination events are studied in field samples, as well as in experimental co-infections, when recombinants were detected as early as 45 days following inoculation. in both conditions, recombination breakpoints were essentially absent in regio ...201222971824
whitefly population dynamics and evaluation of whitefly-transmitted tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv)-resistant tomato genotypes as whitefly and tylcv reservoirs.sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), and whitefly-transmitted tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) are major threats to tomato production in the southeastern united states. tylcv was introduced to florida from the caribbean islands and has spread to other southern states of the united states. in georgia, in recent years, the incidence of tylcv has been steadily increasing. studies were conducted to monitor population dynamics of whiteflies in the vegetable production belt of georgi ...201222928328
whitefly-mediated transmission of cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite: evidence for betasatellite encapsidation in coat protein of helper begomoviruses.cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumb) is responsible for symptom expression of a devastating disease of cotton in the indian subcontinent. clcumb depends on helper virus replication-associated protein for its replication and on viral coat protein (cp) for its encapsidation. however, no direct evidence of encapsidation of clcumb in viral cp has been available. in the present study, non-viruliferous whiteflies were placed on tomato plants that had been agroinoculated with infectious clone ...201322923008
arsenophonus groel interacts with clcuv and is localized in midgut and salivary gland of whitefly b. tabaci.cotton leaf curl virus (clcuv) (gemininiviridae: begomovirus) is the causative agent of leaf curl disease in cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum). clcuv is exclusively transmitted by the whitefly species b. tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: alerodidae). b. tabaci contains several biotypes which harbor dissimilar bacterial endo-symbiotic community. it is reported that these bacterial endosymbionts produce a 63 kda chaperon groel protein which binds to geminivirus particles and protects them from rapid ...201222900008
a developmentally regulated lipocalin-like gene is overexpressed in tomato yellow leaf curl virus-resistant tomato plants upon virus inoculation, and its silencing abolishes resistance.to discover genes involved in tomato resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), we previously compared cdna libraries from susceptible (s) and resistant (r) tomato lines. among the genes preferentially expressed in r plants and upregulated by tylcv infection was a gene encoding a lipocalin-like protein. this gene was termed solanum lycopersicum virus resistant/susceptible lipocalin (slvrslip). the slvrslip structural gene sequence of r and s plants was identical. slvrslip was expressed ...201222843056
upregulation of temperature susceptibility in bemisia tabaci upon acquisition of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv).acquisition of plant viruses has various effects on physiological mechanisms in vector insects. bemisia tabaci is the only known vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), which is a serious virus affecting tomato cultivars. in this study, the lifespan of q1 biotype was compared between non-viruliferous (nv) and tylcv-viruliferous (v) whiteflies. total lifespan from egg to adult death of nv whiteflies was 62.54 days but 10.64 days shorter in v whiteflies. we investigated the temperature su ...201222841829
the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) v2 protein interacts with the host papain-like cysteine protease cyp1.the v2 protein of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (tylcv) is an rna-silencing suppressor that counteracts the innate immune response of the host plant. however, this anti-host defense function of v2 may include targeting of other defensive mechanisms of the plant. specifically, we show that v2 recognizes and directly binds the tomato cyp1 protein, a member of the family of papain-like cysteine proteases which are involved in plant defense against diverse pathogens. this binding occurred both ...201222827939
functional analysis of gene-silencing suppressors from tomato yellow leaf curl disease viruses.tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd) is caused by a complex of phylogenetically related begomovirus spp. that produce similar symptoms when they infect tomato plants but have different host ranges. in this work, we have evaluated the gene-silencing-suppression activity of c2, c4, and v2 viral proteins isolated from the four main tylcd-causing strains in spain in nicotiana benthamiana. we observed varying degrees of local silencing suppression for each viral protein tested, with v2 proteins fr ...201222712505
a new strain of tomato severe leaf curl virus and a unique variant of tomato yellow leaf curl virus from mexico.the complete genome sequence of a distinct variant of tomato yellow leaf curl virus-israel (tylcv-il) and the dna-a sequence of a new strain of tomato severe leaf curl virus (toslcv) isolated in san luis potosi, mexico, are described and analyzed. the tylcv-il[mx:slp:11] variant differs from all tylcv-il isolates described so far by a unique 42-nt duplicated sequence comprising a part of the conserved stem-loop element of the virion-strand replication origin and adjacent regulatory sequences. ty ...201222684489
major tomato viruses in the mediterranean basin.tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) originated in south america and was brought to europe by the spaniards in the sixteenth century following their colonization of mexico. from europe, tomato was introduced to north america in the eighteenth century. tomato plants show a wide climatic tolerance and are grown in both tropical and temperate regions around the world. the climatic conditions in the mediterranean basin favor tomato cultivation, where it is traditionally produced as an open-field plant. ...201222682165
inhibition of binding of tomato yellow leaf curl virus rep to its replication origin by artificial zinc-finger protein.previously we demonstrated that inhibition of replication-associated protein (rep) binding to its replication origin by artificial zinc-finger proteins (azps) is a powerful method to prevent plant virus infection in vivo. in the present study, we applied the azp technology to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), which is a limiting factor in tomato cultivation worldwide. first, we determined 5'-atcggtgt atcggtgt-3' in the 195-bp intergenic region of the tylcv-israel strain, a strain reported f ...201322576255
rapid spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in china is aided differentially by two invasive whiteflies.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) was introduced into china in 2006, approximately 10 years after the introduction of an invasive whitefly, bemisia tabaci (genn.) b biotype. even so the distribution and prevalence of tylcv remained limited, and the economic damage was minimal. following the introduction of q biotype into china in 2003, the prevalence and spread of tylcv started to accelerate. this has lead to the hypothesis that the two biotypes might not be equally competent vectors of tylc ...201222514670
lower incidence and severity of tomato virus in elevated co(2) is accompanied by modulated plant induced defence in tomato.elevation in atmospheric co(2) concentration broadly affects plant phenology and physiology, and these effects may alter the performance of plant viruses. the effects of elevated co(2) on the susceptibility of tomato plants to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) were examined for two successive years in open top chambers (otc) in the field. we experimentally tested the hypothesis that elevated co(2) would reduce the incidence and severity of tylcv on tomato by altering plant defence strategies ...201222512888
cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite as a plant gene delivery vector trans-activated by taxonomically diverse geminiviruses.cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumb) replicates in tobacco, tomato and datura plants in the presence of the helper viruses tomato leaf curl virus-australia, iranian isolates of tomato yellow leaf curl virus, tomato leaf curl karnataka virus, and beet severe curly top virus (bsctv). infectious recombinant clcumb constructs were made in which segments of either the camv 35s or the petunia chsa promoter replaced the clcumb βc1 orf, and these were designated pbinβδc1-35s and pbinβδc1-chsa, ...201222476203
acylsucrose-producing tomato plants forces bemisia tabaci to shift its preferred settling and feeding site.the whitefly bemisia tabaci (genn.) causes dramatic damage to plants by transmitting yield-limiting virus diseases. previous studies proved that the tomato breeding line abl 14-8 was resistant to b. tabaci, the vector of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd). this resistance is based on the presence of type iv glandular trichomes and acylsucrose production. these trichomes deter settling and probing of b. tabaci in abl 14-8, which reduces primary and secondary spread of tylcd.201222427950
[molecular detection of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv)].tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is currently considered as one of the most devastating viruses in cultivated tomatoes (solanum lycopersicum) worldwide. we reported here the development of a pcr-based method to quickly detect tylcv using the primer pairs (tylcv-f: 5'-acg cat gcc tct aat cca gtg ta-3' and tylcv-r: 5'-cca ata agg cgt aag cgt gta gac-3'), which was designed based on the genome sequence of tylcv. a tylcv-specific band of 543 bp was amplified from infected tomato plants. this pr ...201222425956
genome-wide identification of dicer-like, argonaute and rna-dependent rna polymerase gene families and their expression analyses in response to viral infection and abiotic stresses in solanum lycopersicum.dicer, argonaute and rna-dependent rna polymerase form the core components to trigger rna silencing. although tomato (solanum lycopersicum) is a dicotyledon model plant, no systematic analysis and expression profiling of these genes in tomato has been undertaken previously. in this study, seven dicer-like (sldcls), 15 argonaute (slagos) and six rna-dependent rna polymerase (slrdrs) genes were identified in tomato. these genes were categorized into four subgroups based on phylogenetic analyses. c ...201222406496
expression of an entire bacterial operon in plants.multigene expression is required for metabolic engineering, i.e. coregulated expression of all genes in a metabolic pathway for the production of a desired secondary metabolite. to that end, several transgenic approaches have been attempted with limited success. better success has been achieved by transforming plastids with operons. il-60 is a platform of constructs driven from the geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus. we demonstrate that il-60 enables nontransgenic expression of an entire ...201222353575
accurate and sensitive diagnosis of geminiviruses through enrichment, high-throughput sequencing and automated sequence identification.existing diagnostic techniques used to identify plant-infecting dna viruses and their associated molecules are often limited in their specificity and can be challenged by samples containing multiple viruses. we adapted a simple method of amplifying circular viral dna and, in combination with high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, used it as a virus diagnostic method. we validated this diagnostic method with a plant sample infected with a tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus infect ...201222327393
silencing of orfs c2 and c4 of tomato yellow leaf curl virus engenders resistant or tolerant plants.the il-60 system is a transient universal vector system for expression and silencing in plants [1]. this vector has been derived from tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv). the viral intergenic region (ir) is a non-coding short (314 b) sequence separating the viral sense-oriented genes from the complementary-oriented genes. ir carries the viral origin of replication as well as a promoter at each end. placing a gene segment between two irs at opposite orientations followed by trans-activation of ...201122253651
Pathogenicity and insect transmission of a begomovirus complex between tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Ageratum yellow vein betasatellite.Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Ageratum yellow vein betasatellite (AYVB) are members of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae). TYLCV and AYVB have been found in Japan over the last 15 years, and are associated with tomato leaf curl and the tomato yellow leaf curl diseases (TYLCD). AYVB is also associated with some monopartite begomoviruses. We have cloned both TYLCV and AYVB and demonstrated that TYLCV can trans-replicate with AYVB in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato plants. A ...201122105924
top 10 plant viruses in molecular plant pathology.many scientists, if not all, feel that their particular plant virus should appear in any list of the most important plant viruses. however, to our knowledge, no such list exists. the aim of this review was to survey all plant virologists with an association with molecular plant pathology and ask them to nominate which plant viruses they would place in a 'top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. the survey generated more than 250 votes from the international community, and allowed the gen ...201122017770
complex recombination patterns arising during geminivirus coinfections preserve and demarcate biologically important intra-genome interaction networks.genetic recombination is an important process during the evolution of many virus species and occurs particularly frequently amongst begomoviruses in the single stranded dna virus family, geminiviridae. as in many other recombining viruses it is apparent that non-random recombination breakpoint distributions observable within begomovirus genomes sampled from nature are the product of variations both in basal recombination rates across genomes and in the over-all viability of different recombinant ...201121949649
V2 protein encoded by Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus is an RNA silencing suppressor.The V2 protein of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) was identified as an RNA silencing suppressor by Agrobacterium-mediated co-infiltration. The V2 protein could inhibit local RNA silencing, systemic RNA silencing of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and the spread of a systemic GFP RNA silencing signal. However, the V2 could not interfere with the cell-to-cell spread of RNA silencing. Subcellular localization assay indicated that the V2 protein was distributed in the cytoplas ...201121893116
chromosomal rearrangements between tomato and solanum chilense hamper mapping and breeding of the tylcv resistance gene ty-1.tomato yellow leaf curl disease, a devastating disease of solanum lycopersicum (tomato), is caused by a complex of begomoviruses generally referred to as tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv). almost all breeding for tylcv resistance has been based on the introgression of the ty-1 resistance locus derived from solanum chilense la1969. knowledge about the exact location of ty-1 on tomato chromosome 6 will help in understanding the genomic organization of the ty-1 locus. in this study, we analyze ...201121883550
a novel synthetic quantification standard including virus and internal report targets: application for the detection and quantification of emerging begomoviruses on tomato.abstract: background: begomovirus is a genus of phytopathogenic single-stranded dna viruses, transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci. this genus includes emerging and economically significant viruses such as those associated with tomato yellow leaf curl disease, for which diagnostic tools are needed to prevent dispersion and new introductions. five real-time pcrs with an internal tomato reporter gene were developed for accurate detection and quantification of monopartite begomoviruses, includ ...201121819593
whitefly resistance traits derived from the wild tomato solanum pimpinellifollium affect the preference and feeding behavior of bemisia tabaci and reduce the spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus.breeding of tomato genotypes that limit whitefly (bemisia tabaci) access and feeding might reduce the spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), a begomovirus (genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae) that is the causal agent of tomato yellow leaf curl disease. tylcv is restricted to the phloem and is transmitted in a persistent manner by b. tabaci. the tomato breeding line abl 14-8 was developed by introgressing type iv leaf glandular trichomes and secretion of acylsucroses from the wild ...201121615206
comparison of phenotypes produced in response to transient expression of genes encoded by four distinct begomoviruses in nicotiana benthamiana and their correlation with the levels of developmental mirnas.abstract: background: whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) are a major limiting factor for the production of numerous dicotyledonous crops throughout the world. begomoviruses differ in the number of components that make up their genomes and association with satellites, and yet they cause strikingly similar phenotypes, such as leaf curling, chlorosis and stunted plant growth. micrornas (mirnas) are small endogenous rnas that regulate plant growth and development. the study described ...201121592402
phylogenetic lineage of tobacco leaf curl virus in korea and estimation of recombination events implicated in their sequence variation.new strains of tobacco leaf curl virus (tblcv) were isolated from tomato plants in four different local communities of korea, and hence were designated tblcv-kr. phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of the whole genome and of individual orfs of these viruses indicated that they are closely related to the tobacco leaf curl japan virus (tblcjv) cluster, which includes honeysuckle yellow vein virus (hyvv), honeysuckle yellow vein mosaic virus (hyvmv), and tblcjv isolates. four putative recombinat ...201121549772
ecology and management of whitefly-transmitted viruses of vegetable crops in florida.a variety of fresh market vegetables, including watermelon and tomato are economically important crops in florida. whitefly-transmitted squash vein yellowing virus (sqvyv) was first identified in squash and watermelon in florida in 2005 and shown to cause a severe decline of watermelon vines as crops approach harvest. florida is most economically impacted by sqvyv, although the virus has been detected more recently in indiana and south carolina. the origin and evolutionary history of sqvyv, one ...201121549768
a common set of developmental mirnas are upregulated in nicotiana benthamiana by diverse begomoviruses.begomoviruses are single-stranded dna viruses that cause economically important diseases of many crops throughout the world and induce symptoms in plants, including enations, leaf curling and stunting, that resemble developmental abnormalities. micrornas (mirnas) are small endogenous rnas that are involved in a variety of activities, including plant development, signal transduction and protein degradation, as well as response to environmental stress, and pathogen invasion.201121447165
resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus accumulation in the tomato wild relative solanum habrochaites associated with the c4 viral protein.tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd) is a severe threat to tomato crops worldwide and is caused by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and several other begomoviruses (genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae). host plant resistance is the best tylcd control method but limited sources of resistance are available. in this study, two solanum habrochaites tylcd-resistance sources, eelm-388 and eelm-889, were found after a wide germplasm screening and were further characterized. a consistent res ...201121405986
effect of a single amino acid substitution in the nls domain of tomato yellow leaf curl virus-israel (tylcv-il) capsid protein (cp) on its activity and on the virus life cycle.the capsid protein (cp) of tomato yellow leaf curl virus-israel (tylcv-il), encoded by the v1 gene, is the only known component of the viral capsid. three point mutations introduced into the conserved nls region of the cp were investigated. one mutant, in which the arg at position 19 was converted to leu, had the most significant effect on the cp-cp homotypic interaction as well as on cp's interaction with its nuclear receptor karyopherin a1 and with the protein groel. the latter has been sugges ...201121376764
an unusual alphasatellite associated with monopartite begomoviruses attenuates symptoms and reduces betasatellite accumulation.the oman strain of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv-om) and its associated betasatellite, an isolate of tomato leaf curl betasatellite (tolcb), were previously reported from oman. here we report the isolation of a second, previously undescribed, begomovirus [tomato leaf curl oman virus (tolcomv)] and an alphasatellite from that same plant sample. this alphasatellite is closely related (90 % shared nucleotide identity) to an unusual dna-2-type ageratum yellow vein singapore alphasatellite (ay ...201021084498
the spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus from the middle east to the world.the ongoing global spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv; genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae) represents a serious looming threat to tomato production in all temperate parts of the world. whereas determining where and when tylcv movements have occurred could help curtail its spread and prevent future movements of related viruses, determining the consequences of past tylcv movements could reveal the ecological and economic risks associated with similar viral invasions. towards this ...201021060815
phylogenetic analysis and inflow route of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and bemisia tabaci in korea.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is a member of the genus begomovirus of the family geminiviridae, members of which are characterized by closed circular single-stranded dna genomes of 2.7-2.8 kb in length, and include viruses transmitted by the bemisia tabaci whitefly. no reports of tylcv in korea are available prior to 2008, after which tylcv spread rapidly to most regions of the southern korean peninsula (gyeongsang-do, jeolla-do and jeju-do). fifty full sequences of tylcv were analyzed i ...201020981497
genetic diversity of tomato-infecting tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) isolates in korea.epidemic outbreaks of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) diseases occurred in greenhouse grown tomato (solanum lycopersicum) plants of busan (tylcv-bus), boseong (tylcv-bos), hwaseong (tylcv-hwas), jeju island (tylcv-jeju), and nonsan (tylcv-nons) in korea during 2008-2009. tomato disease by tylcv has never occurred in korea before. we synthesized the full-length genomes of each tylcv isolate from the tomato plants collected at each area and determined their nucleotides (nt) sequences and ded ...201020963475
expression of artificial micrornas in tomato confers efficient and stable virus resistance in a cell-autonomous manner.expression of artificial micrornas (amirnas) in plants can target and degrade the invading viral rna, consequently conferring virus resistance. two amirnas, targeting the coding sequence shared by the 2a and 2b genes and the highly conserved 3' untranslated region (utr) of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), respectively, were generated and introduced into the susceptible tomato. the transgenic tomato plants expressing amirnas displayed effective resistance to cmv infection and cmv mixed with non-targe ...201120835923
the transmission efficiency of tomato yellow leaf curl virus by the whitefly bemisia tabaci is correlated with the presence of a specific symbiotic bacterium species.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) (geminiviridae: begomovirus) is exclusively vectored by the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). tylcv transmission depends upon a 63-kda groel protein produced by the vector's endosymbiotic bacteria. b. tabaci is a species complex comprising several genetically distinct biotypes that show different secondary-symbiont fauna. in israel, the b biotype harbors hamiltonella, and the q biotype harbors wolbachia and arsenophonus. both biot ...201020631135
tomato yellow leaf curl viruses: ménage à trois between the virus complex, the plant and the whitefly vector.tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd) is one of the most devastating viral diseases affecting tomato crops in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. here, we focus on the interactions through recombination between the different begomovirus species causing tylcd, provide an overview of the interactions with the cellular genes involved in viral replication, and highlight recent progress on the relationships between these viruses and their vector, the whitefly bemisia tabaci. t ...201020618703
tomato yellow leaf curl virus, the intracellular dynamics of a plant dna virus.summary tomato yellow leaf curl virus is a geminivirus, transmitted by whitefly (bemisia tabaci) and causing the most destructive disease of tomato throughout the mediterranean region, the middle east and the tropical regions of africa and central america. affected plants produce either no fruits or a few small fruits. since it is an ssdna virus which replicates in the host cell nucleus, the molecular mechanisms involved in the viral nuclear import have been the focus of our studies in recent ye ...200320569358
differential roles of geminivirus rep and ac4 (c4) in the induction of necrosis in nicotiana benthamiana.summary the replication-associated protein (rep) of two distinct begomoviruses, the bipartite african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and the monopartite tomato yellow leaf curl virus-china (tylcv-c), elicits a reaction resembling a hypersensitive response (hr), associated with the induction of local necrosis and a systemic burst of hydrogen peroxide production, when expressed from a potato virus x vector in nicotiana benthamiana. transient expression of the acmv rep after agrobacterium infiltration ...200220569353
oligonucleotide microarray-based detection and identification of 10 major tomato viruses.a dna microarray chip was developed for screening 10 major economically important tomato viruses from infected plants using "combimatrix" platform 40-mer oligonucleotide probes. a total of 279 oligonucleotide virus probes were specific for simultaneous multiple detection, identification, differentiation and/or genotyping of each of the following tomato rna viruses and/or strains and a virus satellite: cucumber mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus satellite rna, tomatoinfectiouschlorosisvirus, tom ...201020470828
inoculation of plants with begomoviruses by particle bombardment without cloning: using rolling circle amplification of total dna from infected plants and whiteflies.a new system for inoculation of plants with begomoviral dna without cloning or the use insect vectors is described. total dna extracted from begomovirus-infected plants was amplified by rolling circle amplification (rca) using the bacteriophage phi29 dna polymerase, and inoculated to plants by particle bombardment. infection rates of up to 100% were obtained using this technique. this technique successfully inoculated all the begomoviruses evaluated: five bipartite (bean golden yellow mosaic vir ...201020447420
an efficient in vitro-inoculation method for tomato yellow leaf curl virus.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is a member of the family geminiviridae, genus begomovirus. to test the infectivity of tylcv in tomato plants, an improved protocol for inoculation of in vitro-cultured tomato plants was developed.201020429892
comparative post-harvest behaviour of traditional and virus-resistant muchamiel tomatoes.nowadays, organoleptic quality is the primary objective for almost all tomato breeding programmes. in this study, post-harvest behaviour of a breeding line with genetic resistance to important viruses (tomato mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus) has been compared with the original traditional landrace (muchamiel). the breeding line has been obtained by backcrossing, introgressing three resistance genes but aiming to keep the quality characteristics of the tr ...201020355147
severe outbreak of tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus on pepper in southern italy.during summer and autumn 2008 a severe outbreak of pepper leaf curl disease (plcd) was observed in pepper crops under plastic tunnels in the ionic coast of basilicata region. its incidence reached, in some cases, values close to 50%. the beginning of infections was recorded along the perimeter of the tunnels, where it reached a percentage of almost 100%. the infection then progressively spread towards the central areas of the greenhouses. large populations of whiteflies, identificated as bemisia ...200920222578
an epidemiological survey of tylcd in southern sardinia (italy).tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) are among the most virulent pathogens of greenhouse tomatoes in sardinia (italy). to investigate the relationship between seasonal population trends of the vector bemisia tabaci and the dynamics of tylcd spread to susceptible crops, between may and october 2007 we carried out a survey in a tomato growing area located in the south of the island. on three farms specialized in the production of fresh market to ...200920222569
differentiation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus and tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus using real-time taqman pcr.during the past four decades, tomato yellow leaf curl disease has become one of the major constraints in tomato production worldwide. in the mediterranean basin, several isolates from two major begomovirus species are involved in outbreaks and persistent epidemics. a real-time taqman pcr assay was developed and evaluated for the rapid and multiplex detection and differentiation of two begomoviruses often found in mixed infections in the region, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and tomato ye ...201020153376
inhibition of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) using whey proteins.the antiviral activity of native and esterified whey proteins fractions (alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and lactoferrin) was studied to inhibit tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) on infected tomato plants. whey proteins fractions and their esterified derivatives were sprayed into tylcv-infected plants. samples were collected from infected leaves before treatment, 7 and 15 days after treatment for dna and molecular hybridization analysis. the most evident inhibition of virus replicatio ...201020128897
tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection of a resistant tomato line with a silenced sucrose transporter gene leht1 results in inhibition of growth, enhanced virus spread, and necrosis.to identify genes involved in resistance of tomato to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), cdna libraries from lines resistant (r) and susceptible (s) to the virus were compared. the hexose transporter leht1 was found to be expressed preferentially in r tomato plants. the role of leht1 in the establishment of tylcv resistance was studied in r plants where leht1 has been silenced using tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing (trv vigs). following tylcv inoculation, leht1-silenced r plants s ...201019946703
broomrape can acquire viruses from its hosts.broomrapes (phelipanche, formerly orobanche) are parasitic plants that physically connect with the vascular systems of their hosts through haustorial structures. in this study, we found that cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), tomato mosaic virus (tomv), potato virus y (pvy), and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) translocate from infected host plants to phelipanche aegyptiaca. in order to examine whether these viruses, and specifically cmv, replicate in the parasite, we tested several replication p ...200919821737
construction of plants resistant to tylcv by using artificial zinc-finger proteins.previously, we have demonstrated that plant dna virus replication could be inhibited in arabidopsis thaliana by using an artificial zinc-finger protein (azp) and created azp-based transgenic a. thaliana resistant to dna virus infection. here we apply the azp technology to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) causing serious damage to an important agricultural crop, tomato. an azp was designed to block binding of the tylcv replication protein (rep) to the replication origin. the designed azp had ...200919749370
laboratory evaluation of products to reduce settling of sweetpotato whitefly adults.the impact of trademarked and commercial products on settling of adults of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), was studied in the laboratory. a no-choice bioassay using leaf disks of tomato, solanum esculentum l., was developed to evaluate the impact of concentration series of products on settling of b. tabaci adults. the concentration of each product that would reduce settling by 50% (sc50) was estimated for each product using standard probit analyses, and the values were comp ...200919736760
resistance-driven selection of begomoviruses associated with the tomato yellow leaf curl disease.tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd) causes severe damage to tomato crops worldwide. the deployment of host-plant resistance is the most desirable mean to control this disease. however, some concerns exist because it may place a selection pressure on the virus. field and experimental data are provided which suggest that the use of tylcd resistance in tomato crops might have contributed to the emergence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in the tylcd-associated virus population, a virus species ...200919735681
molecular characterization and pathogenicity of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in china.several tomato production regions in china were surveyed for tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd), and 31 tomato leaf samples showing tylcd-like symptoms were collected. the partial or full-length genomes of these isolates were sequenced and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) was detected in shanghai, zhejiang, jiangsu shandong and hebei provinces of china. the tylcv isolates found in china share high sequence identity ([98%) and have more than 97% sequence identity with tylcvil[ il:reo] ( ...200919590945
interaction of tomato yellow leaf curl virus with diverse betasatellites enhances symptom severity.the complete nucleotide sequence was determined for a begomovirus isolated from tomato exhibiting leaf curling and yellowing symptoms in tochigi prefecture in japan. the genome organization of this virus was similar to those of other old world monopartite begomoviruses. neither a dna betasatellite nor a dna-b component was detected. it had the highest total nucleotide sequence identity (99%) with tomato yellow leaf curl virus-israel[japan:tosa:2005] (tylcv-il[jr:tos:05]) and tylcv-israel[japan:h ...200919575277
use of tomato leaf curl virus (tylcv) truncated rep gene sequence to engineer tylcv resistance in tomato plants.tomato yellow leaf curl disease causes severe losses in tomato production throughout mediterranean countries including tunisia. in order to generate engineered resistance to this disease, an intron-hairpin rna construct harboring a tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv) truncated replication-associated protein (rep) gene was used to transform genotype of tomato plants. prepared transgenic plants were agro-inoculated with tunisian infectious strain of tylcsv and screened for the resistan ...200919537910
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