| the sambucus nigra type-2 ribosome-inactivating protein sna-i' exhibits in planta antiviral activity in transgenic tobacco. | transgenic tobacco (samsun nn) plants transformed with a cdna clone encoding sna-i' from sambucus nigra synthesize, and correctly process and assemble, a fully active type-2 ribosome-inactivating protein. expression of sna-i' under the control of the 35s cauliflower mosaic virus promoter enhances the plant's resistance against infection with tobacco mosaic virus. in contrast to type-1 ribosome-inactivating proteins, the expression of sna-i' does not affect the growth and fertility of the transge ... | 2002 | 11959096 |
| overexpression of polyphenol oxidase in transgenic tomato plants results in enhanced bacterial disease resistance. | polyphenol oxidases (ppos; ec 1.10.3.2 or ec 1.14.18.1) catalyzing the oxygen-dependent oxidation of phenols to quinones are ubiquitous among angiosperms and assumed to be involved in plant defense against pests and pathogens. in order to investigate the role of ppo in plant disease resistance, we made transgenic tomato ( lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv. money maker) plants that overexpressed a potato ( solanum tuberosum l.) ppo cdna under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. t ... | 2002 | 12029473 |
| expression of recombinant trichosanthin, a ribosome-inactivating protein, in transgenic tobacco. | trichosanthin (tcs) is an antiviral plant defense protein, classified as a type-i ribosome-inactivating protein, found in the root tuber and leaves of the medicinal plant trichosanthes kirilowii. it is processed from a larger precursor protein, containing a 23 amino acid amino (n)-terminal sequence (pre sequence) and a 19 amino acid carboxy (c)-terminal extension (pro sequence). various constructs of the tcs gene were expressed in transgenic tobacco plants to determine the effects of the amino- ... | 2002 | 12052684 |
| potentiation of developmentally regulated plant defense response by atwrky18, a pathogen-induced arabidopsis transcription factor. | atwrky18 is a pathogen- and salicylic acid-induced arabidopsis transcription factor containing the plant-specific wrky zinc finger dna-binding motif. in the present study, we have transformed arabidopsis plants with atwrky18 under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. surprisingly, transgenic plants expressing high levels of atwrky18 were stunted in growth. when expressed at moderate levels, atwrky18 potentiated developmentally regulated defense responses in transgenic plants wit ... | 2002 | 12068113 |
| evidence for a ustilago maydis steroid 5alpha-reductase by functional expression in arabidopsis det2-1 mutants. | we have identified a gene (udh1) in the basidiomycete ustilago maydis that is induced during the parasitic interaction with its host plant maize (zea mays). udh1 encodes a protein with high similarity to mammalian and plant 5alpha-steroid reductases. udh1 differs from those of known 5alpha-steroid reductases by six additional domains, partially predicted to be membrane-spanning. a fusion protein of udh1 and the green fluorescent protein provided evidence for endoplasmic reticulum localization in ... | 2002 | 12068114 |
| a complex fruit-specific type-2 ribosome-inactivating protein from elderberry (sambucus nigra) is correctly processed and assembled in transgenic tobacco plants. | fruits of elderberry (sambucus nigra) express small quantities of a type-2 ribosome-inactivating protein with an exclusive specificity towards the neuac(alpha2,6)gal/galnac disaccharide and a unique molecular structure typified by the occurrence of a disulfide bridge between the b-chains of two adjacent protomers. a cdna clone encoding this so-called sambucus nigra fruit specific agglutinin i (sna-if) was isolated and expressed in tobacco (samsun nn) under the control of the 35s cauliflower mosa ... | 2002 | 12071953 |
| isolate-specific synergy in disease symptoms between cauliflower mosaic and turnip vein-clearing viruses. | simultaneous infection of a plant by two viruses can cause more severe disease than is caused by infection with either virus alone. such synergy may be due to effects on the replication of one virus by the second virus or to other causes. the tobamovirus turnip vein-clearing virus (tvcv), itself causing almost imperceptible symptoms in infected turnips, exacerbated symptoms of infection of turnip by the cabbage s isolate of the caulimovirus cauliflower mosaic virus (camv). the synergy in symptom ... | 2002 | 12111413 |
| production of immunogenic vp6 protein of bovine group a rotavirus in transgenic potato plants. | we report here the production of transgenic potato plants expressing the major capsid protein vp6 of bovine group a rotavirus (gar). transgenic plants under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, or a modified promoter linked to the tobacco mosaic virus 5'-untranslated sequence were positive for gar antigens by elisa. the expressed protein was consistent in size with vp6 of gar by western blot assay. the presence of the vp6 gene and its transcript was detected by pcr and rt-pcr. ... | 2002 | 12111435 |
| heterologous expression of a bacterial homospermidine synthase gene in transgenic tobacco: effects on the polyamine pathway. | homospermidine synthase (hss) is a branch-point enzyme that links the secondary pathway (pyrrolizidine alkaloids) to primary metabolism (polyamines). since the diamine putrescine is a precursor of homospermidine and nicotine in tobacco, we performed heterologous expression of a bacterial homospermidine synthase gene (hss)in nicotiana tabacum and determined the effect on free and conjugated polyamine levels. the hss gene from rhodopseudomonas viridis was placed under the control of the cauliflowe ... | 2002 | 12112034 |
| plant-specific promoter sequences carry elements that are recognised by the eubacterial transcription machinery. | during evolution the promoter elements from prokaryotes and eukaryotes have developed differently with regard to their sequence and structure, implying that in general a transfer of eukaryotic promoter sequences into prokaryotes will not cause an efficient gene expression. however, there have been reports on the functionality of the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) in bacteria. we therefore decided to experimentally investigate the capability of plant promoter sequences to direc ... | 2002 | 12113461 |
| effect of yeast cta1 gene expression on response of tobacco plants to tobacco mosaic virus infection. | the response of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv xanthi-nc) plants with elevated catalase activity was studied after infection by tobacco mosaic virus (tmv). these plants contain the yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) peroxisomal catalase gene cta1 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the transgenic lines exhibited 2- to 4-fold higher total in vitro catalase activity than untransformed control plants under normal growth conditions. cellular localization of the cta1 prote ... | 2002 | 12114558 |
| potato gene y-1 is an n gene homolog that confers cell death upon infection with potato virus y. | adg2 is a dna sequence mapped to a resistance (r) gene-rich region at the distal end of chromosome xi in potato (solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena). the gene, in which adg2 represents the predicted nucleotide-binding domain (nbs), was cloned and characterized. the coding region of the gene (designated as y-1) is 6,187 bp long and structurally similar to gene n that confers hypersensitive resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in nicotiana spp. both belong to the tir-nbs-lrr class of genes and show 5 ... | 2002 | 12118888 |
| characterization of a stamen-specific cdna encoding a novel plant defensin in chinese cabbage. | we isolated a stamen-specific cdna, bsd1 (brassica stamen specific plant defensin 1) that encodes a novel plant defensin peptide in chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis). plant defensins are antimicrobial peptides containing eight highly conserved cysteine residues linked by disulfide bridges. in bsd1, the eight cysteine residues and a glutamate residue at position 29 are conserved whereas other amino acid residues of the plant defensins consensus sequence are substituted. bsd ... | 2002 | 12139009 |
| molecular breeding of transgenic rice plants expressing a bacterial chlorocatechol dioxygenase gene. | the cbna gene encoding the chlorocatechol dioxygenase gene from ralstonia eutropha nh9 was introduced into rice plants. the cbna gene was expressed in transgenic rice plants under the control of a modified cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. western blot analysis using anti-cbna protein indicated that the cbna gene was expressed in leaf tissue, roots, culms, and seeds. transgenic rice calluses expressing the cbna gene converted 3-chlorocatechol to 2-chloromucote efficiently. growth and morpho ... | 2002 | 12147507 |
| expression of mangrove allene oxide cyclase enhances salt tolerance in escherichia coli, yeast, and tobacco cells. | to analyze the mechanisms of salt tolerance in the mangrove plant, bruguiera sexangula, functional screening for cdnas encoding proteins essential for salt tolerance was performed using escherichia coli as the host organism. a transformant expressing a protein homologous to lycopersicon (tomato) allene oxide cyclase (aoc) displayed enhanced salt tolerance. however, this unusual trait is not conferred by lycopersicon aoc or its arabidopsis homolog. analysis of the functional region revealed a seq ... | 2002 | 12198193 |
| third position codon composition suggests two classes of genes within the cauliflower mosaic virus genome. | the translation of viral mrnas by host ribosomes is essential for infection. hence, codon usage of virus genes may influence efficiency of infection. in addition, composition of nucleotides in the third position within codons of genes can reflect evolutionary relationships. in this study, third position codon composition was examined for the seven genes of eight cauliflower mosaic virus isolates. genes iv-vii had similar codon composition values and were termed class 1 genes. genes i-iii possess ... | 2002 | 12202113 |
| reduction of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase by antisense rna expression affects activities of other enzymes involved in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and leads to light-dependent necrosis. | we introduced a full-length cdna sequence encoding tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) uroporphyrinogen iii decarboxylase (urod; ec 4.1.1.37) in reverse orientation under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter derivative into the tobacco genome to study the effects of deregulated urod expression on tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. transformants with reduced urod activity were characterized by stunted plant growth and necrotic leaf lesions. antisense rna expression caused reduced urod protein l ... | 1997 | 12223662 |
| insect control and dosage effects in transgenic canola containing a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis cryiac gene. | zygotic hypocotyls of canola (brassica napus l.) cv oscar, cv westar, and the breeding line uga188-20b were transformed with a truncated synthetic bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein gene (bt cryiac) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. fifty-seven independently transformed lines were produced, containing 1 to 12 copies of the transgenes. a range of cry expressors was produced from 0 to 0.4% cry as ... | 1996 | 12226379 |
| expression of the agrobacterium rhizogenes rolc gene in a deciduous forest tree alters growth and development and leads to stem fasciation. | we have altered the growth and development of a deciduous forest tree by transforming hybrid aspen (populus tremula x populus tremuloides) with the agrobacterium rhizogenes rolc gene expressed under the strong cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. we demonstrate that the genetically manipulated perennial plants, after a period of dormancy, maintain the induced phenotypical changes during the second growing period. furthermore, mass-spectrometrical quantifications of the free and conjugated form ... | 1996 | 12226405 |
| accumulation of 15-kilodalton zein in novel protein bodies in transgenic tobacco. | zeins, the seed storage proteins of maize, are a group of alcohol-soluble polypeptides of different molecular masses that share a similar amino acid composition but vary in their sulfur amino acid composition. they are synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (er) in the endosperm and are stored in er-derived protein bodies. our goal is to balance the amino acid composition of the methionine-deficient forage legumes by expressing the sulfur amino acid-rich 15-kd zeins in their leaves. howe ... | 1995 | 12228338 |
| interspecific gene transfer (implications for broadening temperature characteristics of plant metabolic processes). | we report here an approach to metabolic engineering to alter the temperature characteristics of an enzyme pool based on the concept of thermal kinetics windows (tkws), a useful indicator of enzyme performance. a chimeric cucumber nadh-hydroxypyruvate reductase (hpr) gene under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter was constructed and introduced into the genome of tobacco (tobacum tobacum). the root system of the r1 generation of the resultant transgenic plants expresses only the ... | 1995 | 12228369 |
| repression of acetolactate synthase activity through antisense inhibition (molecular and biochemical analysis of transgenic potato (solanum tuberosum l. cv desiree) plants). | acetolactate synthase (als), the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of leucine, valine, and isoleucine, is the biochemical target of different herbicides. to investigate the effects of repression of als activity through antisense gene expression we cloned an als gene from potato (solanum tuberosum l. cv desiree), constructed a chimeric antisense gene under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, and created transgenic potato plants through agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated g ... | 1995 | 12228373 |
| increased putrescine biosynthesis through transfer of mouse ornithine decarboxylase cdna in carrot promotes somatic embryogenesis. | carrot (daucus carota l.) cells were transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens strains containing 3[prime]-truncated mouse ornithine decarboxylase (odc) cdna under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. a neomycin phosphotransferase gene linked with a nopaline synthase promoter was used to select transformed cell lines on kanamycin. although the nontransformed cells contained no odc, high amounts of mouse-specific odc activity were observed in the transformed cells. transgenic ... | 1995 | 12228581 |
| transformation and regeneration of two cultivars of pea (pisum sativum l.). | a reproducible transformation system was developed for pea (pisum sativum l.) using as explants sections from the embryonic axis of immature seeds. a construct containing two chimeric genes, nopaline synthase-phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (bar) and cauliflower mosaic virus 35s-neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii), was introduced into two pea cultivars using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation procedures. regeneration was via organogenesis, and transformed plants were selected ... | 1993 | 12231726 |
| hormonal characterization of transgenic tobacco plants expressing the rolc gene of agrobacterium rhizogenes tl-dna. | transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv wisconsin 38) plants expressing the agrobacterium rhizogenes rolc gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter were constructed. these plants displayed several morphological alterations reminiscent of changes in indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), cytokinin, and gibberellin (ga) content. however, investigations showed that neither the iaa pool size nor its rate of turnover were altered significantly in the rolc plants. the biggest di ... | 1993 | 12231827 |
| ectopic overexpression of asparagine synthetase in transgenic tobacco. | here, we monitor the effects of ectopic overexpression of genes for pea asparagine synthetase (as1) in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). the as genes of pea and tobacco are normally expressed only during the dark phase of the diurnal growth cycle and specifically in phloem cells. a hybrid gene was constructed in which a pea as1 cdna was fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the 35s-as1 gene was therefore ectopically expressed in all cell types in transgenic tobacco and consti ... | 1993 | 12232020 |
| the rolb gene of agrobacterium rhizogenes does not increase the auxin sensitivity of tobacco protoplasts by modifying the intracellular auxin concentration. | phenotypical alterations observed in rolb-transformed plants have been proposed to result from a rise in intracellular free auxin due to a rolb-catalyzed hydrolysis of auxin conjugates(j.j. estruch, j. schell, a. spena [1991] embo j 10: 3125-3128).we have investigated this hypothesis in detail using tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) mesophyll protoplasts isolated from plants transformed with the rolb gene under the control of its own promoter (bbgus 6 clone) or the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promote ... | 1994 | 12232224 |
| metabolic control of anaerobic glycolysis (overexpression of lactate dehydrogenase in transgenic tomato roots supports the davies-roberts hypothesis and points to a critical role for lactate secretion. | roots of all plants examined so far have the potential for both ethanol and lactate fermentation. a short burst of lactate fermentation usually occurs when plant tissues are transferred from normoxic to anoxic conditions. according to the davies-roberts hypothesis, the consequent ph drop both initiates ethanol fermentation and blocks further production of lactate by inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase (ldh). however, the role of ldh in this ph control mechanism is still a matter of debate. to pertu ... | 1994 | 12232401 |
| a transcriptionally active state is required for post-transcriptional silencing (cosuppression) of nitrate reductase host genes and transgenes. | using tobacco nitrate reductase cosuppression as a model system of post-transcriptional gene silencing, we analyzed the influence of dna and rna dosages both together and independently. for this purpose, zero, one, two, or four active or transcriptionally silenced copies of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s-nia2 transgene were combined by transformation and subsequent crosses with zero, one, two, three, or four active, disrupted, or transcriptionally repressed copies of the wild-type host nia genes ... | 1997 | 12237392 |
| approaching the lower limits of transgene variability. | the inclusion of chicken lysozyme matrix-associated regions (mars) in t-dna has been demonstrated to reduce the variation in [beta]-glucuronidase (gus) gene expression among first-generation transformed plants. the residual variation observed between transgenic plant lines with mars at the t-dna borders was investigated. by definition, any phenotypic variance between or within genetically identical plants is caused by random or environmental variation. this variation therefore sets a lower limit ... | 1996 | 12239419 |
| the mar-mediated reduction in position effect can be uncoupled from copy number-dependent expression in transgenic plants. | to study the role of matrix-associated regions (mars) in establishing independent chromatin domains in plants, two transgenes were cloned between chicken lysozyme a elements. these transgenes were the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) gene under control of the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter and the [beta]-glucuronidase (gus) gene controlled by the double cauliflower mosaic virus (dcamv) 35s promoter. the a elements are supposed to establish an artificial chromatin domain upon integration int ... | 1995 | 12242378 |
| fructan as a new carbohydrate sink in transgenic potato plants. | fructans are polyfructose molecules that function as nonstructural storage carbohydrates in several plant species that are important crops. we have been studying plants for their ability to synthesize and degrade fructans to determine if this ability is advantageous. we have also been analyzing the ability to synthesize fructan in relation to other nonstructural carbohydrate storage forms like starch. to study this, we induced fructan accumulation in normally non-fructan-storing plants and analy ... | 1994 | 12244248 |
| tissue-specific expression of as-1 in transgenic tobacco. | when integrated as a transgene in one or a few copies, the -90 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus confers expression in roots with little or no expression in cotyledons and leaves. the responsible cis element, activation sequence-1 (as-1), can bind to the nuclear factor asf-1 as well as to the transcription factor tga1a. here, we show that microinjection of 104 molecules of tga1a per cotyledon cell activated transgenes containing as-1-linked promoters. transgenes with promoters linked to t ... | 1994 | 12244260 |
| agroinfection as a rapid method for propagating cowpea mosaic virus-based constructs. | to increase the efficiency of infections with cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv)-based constructs, clones suitable for agroinfection were constructed. full-length copies of rna-1 and rna-2 were inserted between the sequence of a cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and a nos terminator and were introduced into the agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid, pbinplus. infiltration of leaves of either nicotiana benthamiana or cowpea (vigna unguiculata) with a bacterial suspension containing a mixture of th ... | 2002 | 12270666 |
| expression of a self-incompatibility glycoprotein (s2-ribonuclease) from nicotiana alata in transgenic nicotiana tabacum. | in nicotiana alata, self-incompatibility is controlled by a single locus, designated the s-locus, with multiple alleles. stylar products of these alleles are ribonucleases that are secreted mainly in the transmitting tract tissues. n. tabacum plants were transformed with constructs containing the s2-cdna and genomic s2-sequences from n. alata that were linked to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. unlike other genes controlled by this promoter, the genes were expressed most highly in matu ... | 1992 | 12297668 |
| peroxidase-induced wilting in transgenic tobacco plants. | peroxidases are a family of isoenzymes found in all higher plants. however, little is known concerning their role in growth, development, or response to stress. plant peroxidases are heme-containing monomeric glycoproteins that utilize either h2o2 or o2 to oxidize a wide variety of molecules. to obtain more information on possible in planta functions of peroxidases, we have used a cdna clone for the primary isoenzyme form of peroxidase to synthesize high levels of this enzyme in transgenic plant ... | 1990 | 12354942 |
| localization of elements important for the wound-inducible expression of a chimeric potato proteinase inhibitor ii-cat gene in transgenic tobacco plants. | the effect of progressive 5[prime] deletions within a potato proteinase inhibitor ii promoter on wound-inducible expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene in leaves of transgenic tobacco plants was analyzed. after deletion of a region ranging from position -1300 to -700 with respect to the transcription start site, promoter activity was markedly reduced but still wound-inducible. further deletion of approximately 200 base pairs resulted in a promoter activity that was below ... | 1990 | 12354945 |
| cis-acting elements for light regulation of pea ferredoxin i gene expression are located within transcribed sequences. | an intact pea gene encoding ferredoxin i (fed-1) and several chimeric constructs containing portions of fed-1 were introduced into tobacco plants by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the intact gene was correctly transcribed and translated to produce a protein that was imported into the chloroplast and processed to its mature size. fed-1 mrna accumulation in these plants was strongly light-dependent, as it is in pea leaves. in chimeric constructs, the fed-1 promoter was active but no light ... | 1989 | 12359905 |
| rice phytochrome is biologically active in transgenic tobacco. | to investigate the mechanisms of phytochrome action in vivo, we have overexpressed rice phytochrome in transgenic tobacco plants. a full-length rice phytochrome cdna was fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and transferred to tobacco. the progeny of some of the transgenic plants contain large amounts of rice phytochrome mrna in green leaves. extracts prepared from overexpressing plants contain twofold to fivefold more spectrophotometrically detectable phytochrome than extracts from ... | 1989 | 12359911 |
| over-expression of a seed specific hevein-like antimicrobial peptide from pharbitis nil enhances resistance to a fungal pathogen in transgenic tobacco plants. | two hevein-like peptides from the seed of pharbitis nil, designated pharbitis nil antimicrobial peptide 1 (pn-amp1) and pn-amp2, had been purified previously. both exhibit potent in vitro antifungal activity against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi. we now report the isolation of two cdna clones, designated pnamp-h1 and pnamp-h2, and the corresponding genomic clones encoding these proteins from mature seeds of p. nil. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence to that of the mature p ... | 2002 | 12369620 |
| mutation of capsid protein phosphorylation sites abolishes cauliflower mosaic virus infectivity. | the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) capsid protein is derived by bidirectional processing of the precapsid protein (cp56). we expressed several derivatives of cp56 in escherichia coli and used them as substrates for virus-associated kinase and casein kinase ii purified from plant cells. three serine residues located at the n terminus of the mature viral protein cp44 were identified as phosphorylation targets. a mutation of one of them in the viral context had little or no effect on viral infecti ... | 2002 | 12388736 |
| boosting heterologous protein production in transgenic dicotyledonous seeds using phaseolus vulgaris regulatory sequences. | over the past decade, several high value proteins have been produced in different transgenic plant tissues such as leaves, tubers, and seeds. despite recent advances, many heterologous proteins accumulate to low concentrations, and the optimization of expression cassettes to make in planta production and purification economically feasible remains critical. here, the regulatory sequences of the seed storage protein gene arcelin 5-i (arc5-i) of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) were evaluated for p ... | 2002 | 12415287 |
| generation of sirnas by t-dna sequences does not require active transcription or homology to sequences in the plant. | delivery into plants of t-dnas containing promoter, terminator, or coding sequences generated small interfering rnas (sirnas) specific to each type of sequence. when both promoter and transcribed sequences were simultaneously present in the t-dna, accumulation of sirnas to transcribed sequences was favored over accumulation of sirnas to the nontranscribed upstream promoter sequences. the generation of specific sirna sequences occurred even in the absence of t-dna homology to sequences in the pla ... | 2002 | 12423019 |
| the systemin precursor gene regulates both defensive and developmental genes in solanum tuberosum. | transformation of solanum tuberosum, cv. desiree, with the tomato prosystemin gene, regulated by the 35s cauliflower mosaic virus promoter, resulted in constitutive increase in defensive proteins in potato leaves, similar to its effects in tomato plants, but also resulted in a dramatic increase in storage protein levels in potato tubers. tubers from selected transformed lines contained 4- to 5-fold increases in proteinase inhibitor i and ii proteins, >50% more soluble and dry weight protein, and ... | 2002 | 12426402 |
| an amphibian antimicrobial peptide variant expressed in nicotiana tabacum confers resistance to phytopathogens. | esculentin-1 is a 46-residue antimicrobial peptide present in skin secretions of rana esculenta. it is effective against a wide variety of micro-organisms, including plant pathogens with negligible effects on eukaryotic cells. as a possible approach to enhance plant resistance, a dna coding for esculentin-1, with the substitution met-28leu, was fused at the c-terminal end of the leader sequence of endopolygalacturonase-inhibiting protein, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s pro ... | 2003 | 12435273 |
| multiple domains within the cauliflower mosaic virus gene vi product interact with the full-length protein. | the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) gene vi product (p6) is a multifunctional protein essential for viral propagation. it is likely that at least some of these functions require p6 self-association. the work described here was performed to confirm that p6 self-associates and to identify domains involved in this interaction. yeast two-hybrid analyses indicated that full-length p6 self-associates and that this interaction is specific. additional analyses indicated that at least four independent do ... | 2002 | 12437303 |
| analysis of cis-sequence of subgenomic transcript promoter from the figwort mosaic virus and comparison of promoter activity with the cauliflower mosaic virus promoters in monocot and dicot cells. | a sub-genomic transcript (sgt) promoter was isolated from the figwort mosaic virus (fmv) genomic clone. the fmv sgt promoter was linked to heterologous coding sequences to form a chimeric gene construct. the 5'-3'-boundaries required for maximal activity and involvement of cis-sequences for optimal expression in plants were defined by 5'-, 3'-end deletion and internal deletion analysis of fmv sgt promoter fragments coupled with a beta-glucuronidase reporter gene in both transient protoplast expr ... | 2002 | 12457962 |
| delta 12-oleate desaturase-related enzymes associated with formation of conjugated trans-delta 11, cis-delta 13 double bonds. | conjugated linolenic acids are present as major seed oils in several plant species. punicic acid (or trichosanic acid) is a conjugated linolenic acid isomer containing cis-delta9, trans-delta11, cis-delta13 double bonds in the c(18) carbon chain. here we report cdnas, tkfac and pgfac, isolated from trichosanthes kirilowii and punica granatum, that encode a class of conjugases associated with the formation of trans-delta11, cis-delta13 double bonds. expression of tkfac and pgfac in arabidopsis se ... | 2003 | 12464604 |
| geminivirus vectors for high-level expression of foreign proteins in plant cells. | bean yellow dwarf virus (beydv) is a monopartite geminivirus that can infect dicotyledonous plants. we have developed a high-level expression system that utilizes elements of the replication machinery of this single-stranded dna virus. the replication initiator protein (rep) mediates release and replication of a replicon from a dna construct ("lsl vector") that contains an expression cassette for a gene of interest flanked by cis-acting elements of the virus. we used tobacco nt1 cells and biolis ... | 2003 | 12491528 |
| molecular characterization of two plant bi-1 homologues which suppress bax-induced apoptosis in human 293 cells. | to date, few homologues of animal programmed cell death (pcd) regulators have been identified in plants. among these is the plant bax inhibitor-1 (bi-1) protein, which possesses, like its human counterpart, the ability to suppress bax-induced lethality in yeast cells. as the role of bi-1 in the regulation of plant pcd remains to be elucidated, we cloned bnbi-1 and ntbi-1 from cdna libraries of oilseed rape ( brassica napus l.) and tobacco ( nicotiana tabacum l.). the analysis of the deduced amin ... | 2003 | 12520328 |
| [expression of otsa gene in tobacco and improvement stress tolerance]. | the escherichia coli trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene(otsa) was engineered under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus regulatory sequences (camv35s) for expression in plants. otsa gene was incorporated into the chromosome dna by agrobacterium-mediated transfer and expressed in nicotiana tabacum. the otsa gene transgenic plant exhibited multiple phenotypic alteration: improved stunted growth and drought tolerance. the detached leaves from the transgenic plant, their water loss slower than t ... | 2001 | 12552907 |
| transgenic loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.) plants expressing a modified delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis with enhanced resistance to dendrolimus punctatus walker and crypyothelea formosicola staud. | a synthetic version of the cry1ac gene of bacillus thuringiensis has been used for the transformation of loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.) using particle bombardment. mature zygotic embryos were used to be bombarded and to generate organogenic callus and transgenic regenerated plants. expression vector pb48.215 dna contained a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis (b.t.) cry1ac coding sequence flanked by the double cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and nopaline synthase (nos) terminator seque ... | 2003 | 12554726 |
| differential induction of symptoms in arabidopsis by p6 of cauliflower mosaic virus. | the gene vi protein (p6) of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) functions as a virulence factor in crucifers by eliciting chlorotic symptoms in infected plants. the ability to induce chlorosis has been associated previously with p6 through gene-swapping experiments between strains and through the development of transgenic plants that express p6. the primary role that has been identified for p6 in the camv infection cycle is to modify the host translation machinery to facilitate the translation of th ... | 2003 | 12580280 |
| disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance in rice are inversely modulated by an abscisic acid-inducible mitogen-activated protein kinase. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades play an important role in mediating stress responses in eukaryotic organisms. however, little is known about the role of mapks in modulating the interaction of defense pathways activated by biotic and abiotic factors. in this study, we have isolated and functionally characterized a stress-responsive mapk gene (osmapk5) from rice. osmapk5 is a single-copy gene but can generate at least two differentially spliced transcripts. the osmapk5 gene, its p ... | 2003 | 12615946 |
| activation of three pathogen-inducible promoters of tobacco in transgenic pear (pyrus communis l.) after abiotic and biotic elicitation. | in order to improve pear resistance against fire blight caused by erwinia amylovora, a search for promoters driving high-level expression of transgenes specifically in response to this bacterial pathogen has been undertaken. we have examined the ability of hsr203j, str246c and sgd24 tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) promoters to drive expression of the uida reporter gene in pear. transgenic pear clones were obtained by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. beta-glucuronidase activity w ... | 2003 | 12624768 |
| the promoter of a rice glycine-rich protein gene, osgrp-2, confers vascular-specific expression in transgenic plants. | the genomic sequence of a rice (oryza sativa l.) glycine-rich protein (grp) gene, designated osgrp-2, has been previously determined (genbank u40708). primer extension analysis indicated that transcription starts 47 bp upstream of the translation start codon. to gain an insight into the transcriptional regulation of this gene, the 2,401-bp promoter sequence and a series of its 5' deletions were transcriptionally fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene. gus activity was subsequently assayed in ... | 2003 | 12624770 |
| [analysis of transgenic tobacco plants carrying the gene for the surface antigen of the hepatitis b virus]. | the plasmids carrying the gene encoding the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) under the control of 35s rna single or dual promoters of the cauliflower mosaic virus camv 35s were constructed. these constructions were used for obtaining transgenic tobacco plants that synthesize the hbs antigen. the presence of hbsag in tobacco plant extracts was confirmed by the enzyme-linked immunoassay using antibodies against the native hbs antigen. the antigen amount in plants carrying the hbsag gene under a ... | 2003 | 12624933 |
| pto mutants differentially activate prf-dependent, avrpto-independent resistance and gene-for-gene resistance. | pto confers disease resistance to pseudomonas syringae pv tomato carrying the cognate avrpto gene. overexpression of pto under the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter activates spontaneous lesions and confers disease resistance in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) plants in the absence of avrpto. here, we show that these avrpto-independent defenses require a functional prf gene. several pto-interacting (pti) proteins are thought to play a role in pto-mediated defense pathways. to test if intera ... | 2003 | 12644674 |
| csagp1, a gibberellin-responsive gene from cucumber hypocotyls, encodes a classical arabinogalactan protein and is involved in stem elongation. | fluorescence differential display was used to isolate the gibberellin (ga)-responsive gene, csagp1, from cucumber (cucumis sativus) hypocotyls. a sequence analysis of csagp1 indicated that the gene putatively encodes a "classical" arabinogalactan protein (agp) in cucumber. transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing csagp1 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter produced a y(betaglc)(3)-reactive proteoglycan in addition to agps present in wild-type tobacco ... | 2003 | 12644694 |
| type-1 ribosome-inactivating protein from iris bulbs: a useful agronomic tool to engineer virus resistance? | to study the in planta antiviral activity of a type-1 ribosome-inactivating protein from iris bulbs, called irip, nicotiana tabacum cv. samsun nn was transformed with the irip sequence expressed under the control of the 35s cauliflower mosaic virus promoter. molecular analysis of the transgenic plants and characterization of the purified protein revealed that the recombinant irip from tobacco leaves has the same molecular structure and rna n-glycosidase activity as the native protein from iris b ... | 2003 | 12650622 |
| ozone-induced gene expression occurs via ethylene-dependent and -independent signalling. | recent studies suggest that ethylene is involved in signalling ozone-induced gene expression. we show here that application of ozone increased glucuronidase (gus) expression of chimeric reporter genes regulated by the promoters of the tobacco class i beta-1,3-glucanases (glb and gln2) and the grapevine resveratrol synthase (vst1) genes in transgenic tobacco leaves. 5'-deletion analysis of the class i beta-1,3-glucanase promoter revealed that ozone-induced gene regulation is mainly mediated by th ... | 2003 | 12650625 |
| matrix attachment regions enhance transcription of a downstream transgene and the accessibility of its promoter region to micrococcal nuclease. | nuclear matrix attachment regions (mars) are thought to influence the expression of flanking genes. in this study, we investigated the activation of genes by tobacco mars that had previously been identified in the 5' region of the basic class i chitinase gene, chns0. in transgenic tobacco cells, a construct consisted of the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) fused to a beta-glucuronidase gene (uida) with 5' mar elements was expressed at a 10-fold higher level than a similar construc ... | 2003 | 12678555 |
| molecular breeding of transgenic rice expressing a xylanase domain of the xyna gene from clostridium thermocellum. | the gene encoding the catalytic domain of thermostable xylanase from clostridium thermocellum f1 was expressed in rice plants under the control of a constitutive promoter. the gene encoding xylanase a was modified to encode the catalytic domain of family 11 xylanase without the signal sequence (xyna1), and was introduced into rice plants and expressed under the control of a modified cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. zymogram analysis indicated that the recombinant xylanase was produced in r ... | 2003 | 12684848 |
| the promoter-terminator of chrysanthemum rbcs1 directs very high expression levels in plants. | transgenic plants are increasingly used as production platforms for various proteins, yet protein expression levels in the range of the most abundant plant protein, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase have not yet been achieved by nuclear transformation. suitable gene regulatory 5' and 3' elements are crucial to obtain adequate expression. in this study an abundantly transcribed member (rbcs1) of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small-subunit gene family of chrysanthemum (chrysanthemu ... | 2003 | 12687368 |
| sweet pepper ferredoxin-like protein ( pflp) gene as a novel selection marker for orchid transformation. | a novel method for selection of transgenic plants utilizing the sweet pepper ( capsicum annuum l.) ferredoxin-like protein ( pflp) gene as selection marker and erwinia carotovora as the selection agent has been developed. an expression vector containing a pflp cdna driven by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter was successfully transformed into protocorm-like bodies of oncidium orchid by agrobacterium tumefaciens and particle bombardment, respectively. erwinia carotovora was used as a selecti ... | 2003 | 12721849 |
| overexpression of the sucrose transporter sosut1 in potato results in alterations in leaf carbon partitioning and in tuber metabolism but has little impact on tuber morphology. | the aim of this work was to examine the consequences of the heterologous expression of a spinach ( spinacia oleracea l.) sucrose transporter ( sosut1) in potato ( solanum tuberosum l.). many studies have indicated that reduction of the expression of this class of sucrose transporter has deleterious effects on plant growth and development; however, until now the possibility of improving plant performance by enhancing the expression of this sucrose transporter has not been reported. with this inte ... | 2003 | 12721860 |
| regioselectivity of glucosylation of caffeic acid by a udp-glucose:glucosyltransferase is maintained in planta. | caffeic acid is a phenylpropanoid playing an important role in the pathways leading to lignin synthesis and the production of a wide variety of secondary metabolites. the compound is also an antioxidant and has potential utility as a general protectant against free radicals. three glucosylated forms of caffeic acid are known to exist: the 3- o - and 4- o -glucosides and the glucose ester. this study describes for the first time a glucosyltransferase [udp-glucose:glucosyltransferase (ugt)] that i ... | 2003 | 12741958 |
| the expression of the saccharomyces cerevisiae hal1 gene increases salt tolerance in transgenic watermelon [citrullus lanatus (thunb.) matsun. & nakai.]. | an optimised agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer protocol was developed in order to obtain watermelon transgenic plants [citrullus lanatus (thunb.) matsun. & nakai.]. transformation efficiencies ranged from 2.8% to 5.3%, depending on the cultivar. the method was applied to obtain genetically engineered watermelon plants expressing the saccharomyces cerevisiae hal1 gene related to salt tolerance. in order to enhance its constitutive expression in plants, the hal1 gene was cloned in a pbin19 plas ... | 2003 | 12783167 |
| increased agrobacterium-mediated transformation and rooting efficiencies in canola (brassica napus l.) from hypocotyl segment explants. | an efficient protocol for the production of transgenic brassica napus cv. westar plants was developed by optimizing two important parameters: preconditioning time and co-cultivation time. agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation was performed using hypocotyls as explant tissue. two variants of a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-encoding gene--mgfp5-er and egfp--both under the constitutive expression of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, were used for the experiments. optimizing t ... | 2003 | 12789436 |
| the ga octodinucleotide repeat binding factor bbr participates in the transcriptional regulation of the homeobox gene bkn3. | in the dominant mutant hooded (k), the barley gene bkn3 is overexpressed as a result of a duplication of 305 bp in intron iv. when fused to a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s minimal promoter, the 305 bp element activates gene expression in tobacco, as does a 655 bp bkn3 promoter sequence. both dna fragments contain a (ga)8 repeat (ga/tc)8. a one-hybrid screen using the 305 bp element as the dna target led to the cloning of the barley b recombinant (bbr) protein, which binds specifically to the (ga/ ... | 2003 | 12795701 |
| strategies for development of functionally equivalent promoters with minimum sequence homology for transgene expression in plants: cis-elements in a novel dna context versus domain swapping. | the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (35s) promoter has been extensively used for the constitutive expression of transgenes in dicotyledonous plants. the repetitive use of the same promoter is known to induce transgene inactivation due to promoter homology. as a way to circumvent this problem, we tested two different strategies for the development of synthetic promoters that are functionally equivalent but have a minimum sequence homology. such promoters can be generated by (a) introducing known cis ... | 2003 | 12805627 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of an oncidium orchid. | the present protocol was aimed at establishing a routine transformation procedure via agrobacterium tumefaciens for an important oncidium orchid cultivar. an expression vector containing hptii and gusa genes driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter was successfully introduced into the oncidium orchid genome by a. tumefaciens. protocorm-like bodies (plbs) derived from protocorms, were the target explants for transformation. the transformation was performed through two stages of ... | 2003 | 12835910 |
| ectopic expression of a horseradish peroxidase enhances growth rate and increases oxidative stress resistance in hybrid aspen. | we previously demonstrated that overexpression of the horseradish (armoracia rusticana) peroxidase prxc1a gene stimulated the growth rate of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants. here, the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s::prxc1a construct was introduced into hybrid aspen (populus sieboldii x populus grandidentata). the growth rate of these transformed hybrid aspen plants was substantially increased under greenhouse conditions. the average stem length of transformed plants was 25% greater than that of ... | 2003 | 12857800 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of vr-eils encoding mung bean ethylene insensitive3-like proteins. | ethylene insensitive3 (ein3) is a transcription factor involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway in arabidopsis. two full-length cdna clones, pvr-eil1 and pvr-eil2, encoding ein3-like proteins were isolated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and by screening the cdna library of mung bean (vigna radiata) hypocotyls. vr-eil1 and vr-eil2 share 70% identity and display varying degrees of sequence conservation (39%-65%) with previously isolated ein3 homologs from arabidopsi ... | 2003 | 12857828 |
| dissection of cauliflower mosaic virus transactivator/viroplasmin reveals distinct essential functions in basic virus replication. | cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) transactivator/viroplasmin (tav) is an essential multifunctional viral protein. dissection of tav by deletion mutagenesis revealed that the central region is essential for camv replication in single cells but that the n- and c-terminal parts are not. strains with mutations in the central region were defective in the translational transactivator function and could be complemented by coexpressing gag (capsid protein precursor) and pol (polyprotein with protease, rev ... | 2003 | 12857928 |
| comparison of hcmv immediate early and camv 35s promoters in both plant and human cells. | cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, widely used in transgenic crop plants, is known to be recognized in widely differing kinds of cells. its activity in human cells may have impact on the risk assessment for the environmental release of genetically modified plants. in this study, transient expression of several constructs containing beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene driven by cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter or by immediate early promoter of human cytomegalovirus (pcmv) was tested in both po ... | 2003 | 12890606 |
| a promoter derived from taro bacilliform badnavirus drives strong expression in transgenic banana and tobacco plants. | taro bacilliform virus (tabv) is a pararetrovirus of the genus badnavirus which infects the monocotyledonous plant, taro ( colocasia esculenta). a region of the tabv genome spanning nucleotides 6,281 to 12 (t1200), including the 3' end of open reading frame 3 (orf 3) and the intergenic region to the end of the trna(met)-binding site, was tested for promoter activity along with four different 5' deletion fragments (t600, t500, t250 and t100). in transient assays, only the t1200, t600, t500 fragme ... | 2003 | 12910370 |
| production of human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles in transgenic plants. | cervical cancer is linked to infection with human papillomaviruses (hpv) and is the third most common cancer among women worldwide. there is a strong demand for the development of an hpv preventive vaccine. transgenic plants expressing the hpv major capsid protein l1 could be a system to produce virus-like particles for prophylactic vaccination or could even be used as edible vaccines to induce an l1-specific prophylactic immune response. here, we describe the generation of transgenic tobacco an ... | 2003 | 12915537 |
| [construction of the synthetic genes for protein analogs of spider silk carcass spidroin 1 and their expression in tobacco plants]. | to obtain transgenic tobacco plants expressing recombinant analogs of spider dragline silk spidroin 1, artificial 1f5 and 1f9 coding for spidroin 1 analogs were 3'-fused in-frame with the reporter lichenase gene. the tr2' weak constitutive promoter of agrobacterium tumefaciens t-dna and the strong constitutive promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna gene were used as regulatory elements. the expression cassettes were used to transform agrobacteria and then introduced in tobacco leaf dis ... | 2003 | 12942639 |
| enhancement of the primary flavor compound methional in potato by increasing the level of soluble methionine. | the primary flavor compound in potato, methional, is synthesized from methionine by the strecker degradation reaction. a major problem associated with potato processing is the loss of methional. methional or its precursor, methionine, is not added back during potato processing due to high costs of production. a novel approach to enhance the methional level in processed potato would be to increase the production of its precursor, soluble methionine (met). cystathionine gamma-synthase (cgs) is a k ... | 2003 | 12952421 |
| polygalacturonase beta-subunit antisense gene expression in tomato plants leads to a progressive enhanced wound response and necrosis in leaves and abscission of developing flowers. | tomato (lycopersicon esculentum var. better boy) plants were transformed with a tomato leaf wound-inducible polygalacturonase (pg) beta-subunit gene in the antisense orientation (pgbetas-as) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the leaves of the transgenic plants exhibited small localized lesions, which eventually enlarged and spread throughout the entire surfaces of the leaves, resulting in cell death. the same lesions were also observed in the peduncle of developing ... | 2003 | 12972668 |
| comparing constitutive promoters using cat activity in transgenic tobacco plants. | the effectiveness of different promoters for use in transgenic tobacco was compared using a reporter gene expressing chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat). plasmids with cat gene controlled by cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv 35s), rice actin1 (ract1) and tobacco polyubiquitin (tubi.u4) promoters were delivered into tobacco plants by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the ract1 promoter, previously shown to be a strong promoter in rice and other monocots, failed to promote strong expres ... | 2003 | 14503855 |
| studies on the immunogenic potential of plant-expressed cholera toxin b subunit. | nicotiana tabacum var. samsun was transformed via agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a gene encoding the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) of vibrio cholerae, modified to contain a sequence coding for an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (sekdel), under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. total protein from the transgenic leaf tissue was isolated and an aliquot containing 5 microg recombinant ctb was injected intradermally into balb/c (h2k(d)) mice. ctb-specific se ... | 2004 | 14517689 |
| molecular characterization of a carnation etched ring virus isolate from india. | incidence of the carnation etched ring virus (cerv), the only dna virus reported to date on carnation, was investigated by a bioassay using a partially purified virus as inoculum and then by a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa). out of 61 carnation cultivars analyzed 41 (67%) were found positive. the virus positivity was verified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and nucleotide sequencing. the amplified 1349 bp fragment was by about 98% and 96% identical with ... | 2003 | 14524477 |
| overexpression of sod2 increases salt tolerance of arabidopsis. | the yeast (schizosaccharomyces pombe) sod2 (sodium2) gene was introduced into arabidopsis under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. transformants were selected for their ability to grow on medium containing kanamycin. southern- and northern-blot analyses confirmed that sod2 was transferred into the arabidopsis genome. there were no obvious morphological or developmental differences between the transgenic and wild-type (wt) plants. several transgenic homozygous lines and wt ... | 2003 | 14630955 |
| methanol production is enhanced by expression of an aspergillus niger pectin methylesterase in tobacco cells. | tobacco suspension culture cell (nicotiana tabacum, by2) was transformed with an aspergillus niger pectin methylesterase (pme; ec 3.1.1.11) cdna under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. the transformant indicated a significant rise of pme and the level of methanol in the transformant increased by 28.7% compared to the vector control transformant. this is the first report of methanol overproduction in plant cells by means of genetic engineering. | 2003 | 14636709 |
| decreased content of leaf ferredoxin changes electron distribution and limits photosynthesis in transgenic potato plants. | a complete ferredoxin (fd) cdna clone was isolated from potato (solanum tuberosum l. cv desiree) leaves. by molecular and immunoblot analysis, the gene was identified as the leaf-specific fd isoform i. transgenic potato plants were constructed by introducing the homologous potato fed 1 cdna clone as an antisense construct under the control of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. stable antisense lines with fd contents between 40% and 80% of the wild-type level were selected by ... | 2003 | 14645726 |
| salicylic acid and the hypersensitive response initiate distinct signal transduction pathways in tobacco that converge on the as-1-like element of the pr-1a promoter. | tobacco pathogenesis-related protein 1a (pr-1a) is induced in plants during the hypersensitive response (hr) after exposure of plants to salicylic acid (sa) and by developmental cues. gene activation by these diverse stimuli is mediated via an as-1-like element in the pr-1a upstream region. to further analyze the significance of this cis-acting sequence, an authentic as-1 element from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter was inserted into the pr-1a promoter in place of the as-1-like mot ... | 2003 | 14653814 |
| transgenic expression of the arabidopsis della proteins gai and gai confers altered gibberellin response in tobacco. | bioactive gibberellin (ga) regulates the growth and development of a wide array of plant species. ga exerts its effects via members of the della protein family of putative transcriptional regulators. the gai gene encodes gai, a della protein from arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heyhn. a mutant allele, gai, encodes a mutant protein (gai) that has altered properties, and confers a dominant, reduced ga-response, dwarf phenotype. here we describe experiments to investigate the effects of transgenic expres ... | 2003 | 14713199 |
| ecdysone agonist-inducible expression of a coat protein gene from tobacco mosaic virus confers viral resistance in transgenic arabidopsis. | constitutive expression of a gene encoding tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) coat protein (cp) in transgenic plants confers resistance to infection by tmv and related tobamoviruses. here, we examined resistance to tmv by temporal and quantitative control of tmv cg cp (cgcp) gene expression using a simple, methoxyfenozide-inducible system in arabidopsis plants. by soil drenching with a commercial ecdysone agonist (intrepid-2f/methoxyfenozide), most transgenic lines were induced from undetectable levels ... | 2004 | 14731262 |
| an extracellular aspartic protease functions in arabidopsis disease resistance signaling. | we have used activation tagging with t-dna carrying cauliflower mosaic virus 35s enhancers to investigate the complex signaling networks underlying disease resistance in arabidopsis. from a screen of approximately 5000 lines, we identified constitutive disease resistance (cdr1) encoding an apoplastic aspartic protease, the overexpression of which causes dwarfing and resistance to virulent pseudomonas syringae. these phenotypes reflect salicylic-acid-dependent activation of micro-oxidative bursts ... | 2004 | 14765119 |
| transgenic pinus radiata from agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of cotyledons. | a method for agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of pinus radiata cotyledon explants was developed using commercially available open-pollinated seed. pinus radiata is the most widely planted commercial conifer species in the southern hemisphere. reports on transformation of this species have relied on particle bombardment of embryogenic callus derived from immature embryos. the main drawback to the method is the small number of genotypes that are amenable to transformation and rege ... | 2004 | 14986058 |
| eucaryotic initiation factor 4b controls eif3-mediated ribosomal entry of viral reinitiation factor. | the cauliflower mosaic virus reinitiation factor tav interacts with host translation initiation factor 3 (eif3) and the 60s ribosomal subunit to accomplish translation of polycistronic mrnas. interaction between tav and eif3g is critical for the reinitiation process. here, we show that eif4b can preclude formation of the tav/eif3 complex via competition with tav for eif3g binding; indeed, the eif4b- and tav-binding sites on eif3g overlap. our data indicate that eif4b interferes with tav/eif3/40s ... | 2004 | 14988734 |
| rapid analysis of genetically modified organisms by in-house developed capillary electrophoresis chip and laser-induced fluorescence system. | a microfabricated, inexpensive, reusable glass capillary electrophoresis chip and a laser-induced fluorescence system were developed in-house for the rapid dna-based analysis of genetically modified organisms (gmos). the 35s promoter sequence of cauliflower mosaic virus and the terminator of the nopaline synthase (nos) gene from agrobacterium tumefaciens were both detected since they are present in most genetically modified organisms. the detection of genetically modified soybean in the presence ... | 2004 | 15004856 |
| altered susceptibility to infection by sinorhizobium meliloti and nectria haematococca in alfalfa roots with altered cell cycle. | most infections of plant roots are initiated in the region of elongation; the mechanism for this tissue-specific localization pattern is unknown. in alfalfa expressing psugt1 antisense mrna under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, the cell cycle in roots is completed in 48 h instead of 24 h, and border cell number is decreased by more than 99%. these plants were found to exhibit increased root-tip infection by a fungal pathogen and reduced nodule formation by a bact ... | 2004 | 15042410 |
| altered activity of the p2 isoform of plastidic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. samsun) causes changes in carbohydrate metabolism and response to oxidative stress in leaves. | expression of one specific isoform of plastidic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pdh) was manipulated in transgenic tobacco. antisense and sense constructs of the endogenous p2 form of g6pdh were used to transform plants under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promotor. recombinant plants with altered expression were taken through to homozygosity by selective screening. northern analyses revealed substantial changes in the expression of the p2 form of g6pdh, with no appa ... | 2004 | 15053759 |
| overexpression of a cyanobacterial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase with diminished sensitivity to feedback inhibition in arabidopsis changes amino acid metabolism. | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (ec 4.1.1.31) from synechococcus vulcanus (svpepc) is a unique enzyme, being almost insensitive to feedback inhibition at neutral ph. in order to assess its usefulness in metabolic engineering of plants, svpepc was expressed in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. about one-third of the transformants of the t1 generation showed severe visible phenotypes such as leaf bleaching and were infertile when grown ... | 2004 | 15054659 |
| [increase in the level of proline and osmotic pressure of cytoplasm in transformed tobacco bearing an antisense suppressor of the proline dehydrogenase gene]. | the antisense suppressor was constructed for proline dehydrogenase gene (pdh; a fragment of pdh from arabidopsis in antisense orientation and under the control of 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus, cmv). in nicotiana tabacum sr1 tobacco transformants bearing antisense suppressor for pdh, the proline content and the cytoplasm osmotic pressure were increased. the proline content in these transformants varied, whereas cytoplasm osmotic pressure was stable, which seems to reflect complicated ... | 2004 | 15065439 |
| identification of the minimal sequence required for vascular-specific activity of tomato mottle taino virus replication-associated protein promoter in transgenic plants. | a 597 nt fragment from tomato mottle taino virus (tomotv) dna-a, with 459 nt located upstream of the replication-associated protein translation start codon, was tested for promoter activity in solanaceous plants. the promoter activity of this fragment (prep(459::rep)) was demonstrated when it was introduced upstream the uida reporter gene into tobacco, potato and tomato plants by genetic transformation. it became active in 7-day-old transgenic tobacco seedlings as revealed by a vascular-specific ... | 2004 | 15084394 |
| impact of altered gibberellin metabolism on biomass accumulation, lignin biosynthesis, and photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco plants. | gibberellins (gas) are involved in regulation of many aspects during plant development. to investigate the impact of altered ga levels on plant growth and metabolism, transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants have been engineered to express either a ga20-oxidase (atga20-ox) or a ga2-oxidase (atga2-ox) gene from arabidopsis under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. resulting plants were characterized by elongated or stunted shoot growth, respectively, indicating changes in t ... | 2004 | 15122040 |