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integration of papillomavirus dna near myc genes in genital carcinomas and its consequences for proto-oncogene expression.dna sequences of specific human papillomavirus (hpv) types are found integrated in the cell genome in most invasive genital carcinomas. we have determined the chromosomal localization of integrated hpv type 16 (hpv-16) or hpv-18 genomes in genital cancers by in situ hybridization experiments. in three cancers, hpv sequences were localized in chromosome band 8q24.1, in which the c-myc gene is mapped, and in one cancer hpv sequences were localized in chromosome band 2p24, which contains the n-myc ...19911649348
a subtype of human papillomavirus 5 (hpv-5b) and its subgenomic segment amplified in a carcinoma: nucleotide sequences and genomic organizations.a subtype of human papillomavirus 5 (hpv-5b) is closely associated with carcinomas in the disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev). the complete genome was cloned from virus particles in benign lesions of a patient with ev and sequenced: it was 7779 nucleotides long and consisted of six open reading frames (orfs) (e6, e7, e1, e2, e4, and e5) in the early region, three orfs (l2, l3, and l1) in the late region, and a noncoding region, all existing on one dna strand. the 40% segment of the hpv- ...19911649510
ru486 inhibits glucocorticoid hormone-dependent oncogenesis by human papillomavirus type 16 dna.we have previously reported (pater et al., nature 335, 832-835, 1988) the glucocorticoid hormone-dependent oncogenic transformation of primary baby rat kidney (brk) cells by a combination of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 dna and the activated form of the human ha-ras-1 (ras) oncogene. in this study we provide evidence for the inhibition of such hormone-dependent transformation by the hormone antagonist, ru486. the level of inhibition was dependent on the ratio of hormone to antagonist and s ...19911649511
the association between human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid status and the results of cytologic rescreening tests in young, sexually active women.we examined the utility of cytologic rescreening tests in women who had positive test results for human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid but who were diagnosed as having benign conditions at cytologic testing. one hundred twenty-five papanicolaou smears from women who were screened for human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid were sent routinely to a private laboratory for diagnoses. these slides were then reviewed independently by two pathologists who were blinded to the human papillomavi ...19911649551
epidermolytic acanthoma does not contain human papillomavirus dna.the histologic changes of epidermolytic acanthoma can mimic those of human papillomavirus infection. sections from paraffin-embedded tissues identified histologically as epidermolytic acanthoma were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 33 using the polymerase chain reaction followed by dot-blot analysis with specific radiolabelled detecting probes. although present in appropriate controls, human papillomavirus dna was not detected in epidermolytic acan ...19911649846
[in situ hybridization study on the detection of hpv dna in adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix].human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 have been found closely associated with squamous cell carcinoma and related lesions of the uterine cervix. in order to investigate the relationship between hpv and adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix, formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissues prepared from 38 cases consisting of 30 cases of adenocarcinoma and 8 cases of adenosquamous carcinoma were examined for the presence of hpv dna by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin ...19911649879
induction of chromosome abnormalities in mouse and human epidermal keratinocytes by the human papillomavirus type 16 e7 oncogene.cytogenetic abnormalities associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 were studied using primary human and mouse epidermal keratinocytes. the e7 transforming gene of hpv-16 was found to induce chromosome duplication in epidermal keratinocytes; little or no detectable chromosome disorganization was associated with the function of the e6 gene. these results suggest that the e7 gene-linked cytogenetic effect reflects hpv-16-associated pathogenicity in the early phase of transformation.19911649895
[human papillomavirus (hpv) and uterine cervix cancer--a prospective cohort study]. 19911650047
human papillomavirus types in cervical biopsy specimens from pap-smear-negative women with external genital warts.cervical biopsy specimens were taken from 55 pap-smear-negative women with external genital warts in order to diagnose a concomitant cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. hpv-dna was demonstrated by in situ hybridization in 17 (31%) of the samples: hpv types 16/18 in 9, hpv types 6/11 in 5 and double infection (16/18 and 6/11) in 3. hpv-dna was found in 10 (43%) of 23 biopsy specimens with koilocytotic atypia and in 5 (29%) of 17 specimens showing chronic inflammatory reaction, whereas ...19911650114
[cytologic and morphologic characteristics of human papillomavirus infection in cervix uteri pathology].the role of human papilloma virus (hpv) in genital cancer is not yet clear at present, but the available data testify to serious changes in cervix uteri epithelium in the process of its infection. close correlation was demonstrated between hpv type specificity and the degree of epithelial morphological changes as well as histologic tumor variant, and its degree of differentiation. interrelation between hpv type and level of both regression and progression of atypically changed cervix uteri epith ...19911650175
molecular cloning and characterization of a new subtype of human papillomavirus 6 dna.a new subtype of human papillomavirus (hpv) 6 was molecularly cloned from a laryngeal papilloma specimen. the dna of this isolate showed a strong hybridization signal with hpv 6b dna under stringent conditions. comparison of restriction enzyme fragment patterns of this hpv dna with hpv 6b dna revealed that this dna is not identical to hpv 6b dna. thus, it represents a new subtype of hpv 6 dna, which we have tentatively designated as hpv 6e dna. a map of the physical structure of hpv 6e was also ...19911650237
status of c-myc, p53 and retinoblastoma genes in human papillomavirus positive and negative squamous cell carcinomas of the anus.we have examined a series of squamous cell carcinomas (scc) of the anus, anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade iii (ainii) lesions and haemorrhoids for the presence of sequences from transforming human papillomavirus (hpv) types by polymerase chain reaction (pcr)/southern blotting. in addition, the same dnas have been analysed for abnormalities in the c-myc, p53 and retinoblastoma (rb-1) gene loci by southern blotting. hpv16 sequences were detected in a total of 38 of 50 (76%) and hpv18 sequences ...19911650445
[can virus cause oral cancers?].tumour viruses are thought to contribute to the development of one fifth of all human cancers, although the mechanisms involved are still obscure. human papilloma virus (hpv) is a dna virus associated with oral carcinomas. it has been shown that virus dna has to become integrated into cellular dna in order to transform normal to malignant cells. cellular oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are potential cancer genes. they are involved in the control of growth and differentiation of normal cell ...19911650450
seborrheic keratoses from the genital region may contain human papillomavirus dna.sections from paraffin-embedded tissues of lesions interpreted as seborrheic keratoses localized to the pubic, genital, and crural regions were assayed for the presence of human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 33 using dna amplification followed by specific hybridization. lesions with the histologic characteristics of condyloma were excluded from the study. human papillomavirus dna sequences were found in 24 (42%) of 57 seborrheic keratosis-like lesions from the genital region. no human ...19911650542
[detection of human papillomavirus dna in women with and without signs of infection]. 19911650584
manifestations of anogenital hpv infection in the male partners of women with anogenital warts and/or abnormal cervical smears.the prevalence and manifestations of anogenital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in 154 men, all of whom were the sexual partners of women with either overt anogenital warts or cervical hpv-related abnormalities, were assessed using clinical, histopathological and molecular criteria. detailed examination of the anogenital region using a colposcope was supplemented by the use of 5% acetic acid to detect possible foci of subclinical hpv infection. biopsies of warts and aceto-white lesions were ...19911650588
human papillomavirus dna is not transmitted by semen.we studied by dot blot dna hybridization semen samples of 17 regular partners of women with proven hpv infection and 16 controls, to find out whether the human papillomavirus (hpv) dna is transmitted via semen. although all women were positive for hpv dna, the semen samples from their partners and controls were negative. this suggests that hpv dna is not transmitted via semen.19911650589
aceto-white change of the glans penis associated with balanitis not human papillomavirus infection. 19911650590
viruses and cancer.the fact that viruses can cause cancer in animals has been appreciated since the turn of the century. the widely held belief that viruses had little to do with cancer in humans has only recently been dispelled. two classes of human retrovirus (htlv and hiv) have been discovered in the last decade and the malignant potential of hepatitis b virus, epstein barr virus and the human papilloma virus have been documented not only by confirming their association with disease by large scale epidemologica ...19911650623
intraepithelial neoplasia of the anal canal in hemorrhoidal tissue: a study of 19 cases.the investigators report the clinical and pathologic features of 19 cases of intraepithelial neoplasia occurring in the anal canal mucosa of routinely excised hemorrhoidal tissue, a condition that has been infrequently described. the patients were 12 women and seven men having an age range of 21 to 74 years (mean, 48 years). two patients had coexistent anogenital condylomata acuminata. leukoplakia of the hemorrhoidal surface was noted in two patients. intraepithelial neoplasia arose in the trans ...19911650751
sinonasal papillomas and human papillomavirus: human papillomavirus 11 detected in fungiform schneiderian papillomas by in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction.a series of 19 paraffin-embedded sinonasal papillomas (four squamous papillomas, three fungiform papillomas, nine inverted papillomas, and three cylindrical cell papillomas) were investigated for evidence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection using immunohistochemistry (polyclonal antibody to hpv capsid antigen), in situ hybridization (dna probes for hpv 6/11, 16/18, and 31/33/35), and the polymerase chain reaction (primers and probes for hpv 6, 11, 16, 18, and 33). all three fungiform papillo ...19911650753
detection of human papillomavirus infection in tissue blocks by in situ hybridization as compared with a polymerase chain reaction procedure.tissue blocks from 25 cases of condyloma and/or dysplasia were used for human papillomavirus typing with dna in situ hybridization, compared with the very sensitive polymerase chain reaction. only one of these cases was negative with both methods: a case of vaginal "koilocytosis." polymerase chain reaction, as expected, was the more sensitive method, positive in 24 cases, with seven double infections. in situ hybridization was positive in 18 cases, with only two detected double infections. there ...19911650755
the use of polymerase chain reaction in generation of biotinylated human papillomavirus dna probes for in situ hybridization.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to produce biotin-labelled human papillomavirus (hpv) 16- and 18-specific dna probes for in situ hybridization (ish). pcr was performed by using amplitaq dna amplification reagent kit according to the manufacturer's instructions, except that dttp was substituted by different concentrations of biotinylated dutp (bio-11-utp). as template dna, dna extracted either from caski or hela cells was used. the reaction mixture was taken through up to 40 cycles o ...19911650781
a general primer pair for amplification and detection of genital human papillomavirus types.a general primer pair localized in the e7 and e1 regions was identified and used for the detection of genital human papillomaviruses (hpvs). the genital hpv types 6b, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 were amplified and detected by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) performed at a high stringency annealing temperature (60 degrees c). hpv-2, -3, -7, -13 and -30 were amplified only at lower temperatures. twelve biopsies from women with invasive cancer in the cervix were analysed with the general primer pair. ...19911650785
simultaneous in situ genotyping and phenotyping of human papillomavirus cervical lesions: comparative sensitivity and specificity.the sensitivity and specificity of immunocytochemistry were compared with those of non-isotopic in situ hybridisation (nish) for the direct detection of human papillomaviruses in biopsy specimens. four monoclonal antibodies raised to the capsid protein of hpv16 were less specific than nish: all four reacted with lesions containing hpv33, and hpv18. absolute discrimination of hpv types, therefore, was not possible with the monoclonal antibodies used in this study. the relative sensitivities of th ...19911650798
binding by immunoglobulin to the hpv-16-derived proteins l1 and e4 in cervical secretions of women with hpv-related cervical disease.although dna of the human papillomaviruses (hpv) can be identified in epithelium of a large proportion of patients with genital squamous lesions, relatively little is known about the extent of the local host immune response to this virus. we analyzed cervical secretions from patients undergoing evaluation because of abnormal papanicolaou smears (cervical biopsy showed nonspecific atypia, flat condyloma, or intraepithelial neoplasia), as well as controls, for immunoglobulin binding to proteins pr ...19911651158
biology of female sex hormone action in relation to contraceptive agents and neoplasia.this article will present an overview of estrogen and progestin action at a cellular level, with emphasis on points that are relevant to neoplasia. in breast, endometrium and ovary, these two classes of hormone are clearly implicated in carcinogenesis, but their involvement with cancers of the liver, cervix and other tissues is more problematic. in the latter situations, i will highlight the major points to be considered if the hormones are involved without wishing to judge whether there actuall ...19911651204
squamous cell carcinoma arising in a case of vulvitis granulomatosa or vulval variant of melkersson-rosenthal syndrome.a case of vulvitis granulomatosa or the vulval variant of melkersson-rosenthal syndrome (mrs) in a young adult patient with systemic lupus erythematosus is presented. she also had evidence of cervicovulvovaginal human papilloma virus (hpv) infection. nine years later she developed a squamous cell carcinoma (scc) of the vulva. hpv 6/11 was found by dna in situ hybridization within a vulval condyloma as well as within the carcinoma. this case is unusual in that scc associated with hpv 6/11 develop ...19911651278
role of the human papillomavirus oncoproteins in transformation and carcinogenic progression. 19911651285
the full-length e6 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 has transforming and trans-activating activities and cooperates with e7 to immortalize keratinocytes in culture.the wild-type e6 and e7 genes of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) can cooperate to immortalize normal human keratinocytes in culture. the e6 open reading frame of hpv16 and other hpv types highly associated with cervical cancer has the potential of encoding both full-length e6 and two truncated e6* proteins, the latter being generated via splicing within the e6 open reading frame portion of the e6-e7 polycistronic transcript. those types, such as hpv6, that are infrequently associated with c ...19911651408
human papillomavirus type 18 e6*, e6, and e7 protein synthesis in cell-free translation systems and comparison of e6 and e7 in vitro translation products to proteins immunoprecipitated from human epithelial cells.expression of the e6 and e7 transforming genes of human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv18) occurs via structurally bicistronic mrnas in which the downstream open reading frame (orf) e7 is preceded either by the full-length orf e6 or by a spliced orf, e6*. we have used in vitro transcription and translation of hpv18 cdnas in order to analyze the synthesis of e6*, e6, and e7 proteins and to compare the e6 and e7 in vitro translation products with the authentic proteins immunoprecipitated from cervical ...19911651423
anti-sense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides have both specific and non-specific effects on cells containing human papillomavirus type 16.a range of specific nuclease resistant phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (s-oligos) complementary to mrna of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16), were tested for their ability to inhibit cell proliferation and to alter the level of hpv-specific mrna and proteins in caski cells, a human cervical carcinoma cell line containing hpv16 dna. only certain of the s-oligos to the viral upstream regulatory region (urr) and the early viral open reading frames (orf), e6 and e7, were found to display a ...19911651476
esophageal squamous cell papillomas. failure to detect human papillomavirus dna by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction.squamous cell papilloma of the esophagus has been regarded as a distinct rarity. after having reviewed the files of the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit of our hospital we found 14 patients diagnosed as having an esophageal papilloma on endoscopy of about 18,000 patients during the period 1985-90. on histologic examination of the biopsy specimens 12 cases showed histologic characteristics typical of a squamous cell papilloma (sqp), 1 was a fibroid polyp, and another showed epithelial dysplasia wi ...19911651558
nucleotide and amino acid sequence variation in the l1 and e7 open reading frames of human papillomavirus type 6 and type 16.human papillomavirus (hpv) type 6 and type 16 dna sequence variants were found by partially sequencing the l1 and e7 open reading frames, using templates generated with the polymerase chain reaction. identical variants were found in patients from widely separated locations, such as the united states, the philippines, and india. the same sequence variants of hpv 16 were found in women with invasive cervical carcinoma and in women with no evidence of disease. variation in the predicted amino acid ...19911651585
human papillomavirus type 16 immortalized cervical keratinocytes contain transcripts encoding e6, e7, and e2 initiated at the p97 promoter and express high levels of e7.human cervical keratinocytes represent the specific host for the genital human papillomaviruses (hpv). transfection of these cells with the dna of a number of the oncogenic hpvs including type 16 was recently shown to result in their immortalization but not in malignant transformation. in this report we show that viral transcripts for e6 and e7 in these cells were as abundant as in cancer derived cell lines. however, in contrast to cancer derived cell lines, immortalized cervical keratinocytes c ...19911651587
human papillomaviruses in the pathogenesis of anogenital cancer.substantial experimental evidence accumulated over the past 8 years has indicated an etiological role for specific human papillomavirus (hpv) types in anogenital cancer and its premalignant precursors. virus infection and viral gene expression emerge as necessary but obviously not sufficient factors for cancer induction. additional modifications of host cell genes appear to be required for malignant progression of infected cells. the expression of viral oncoproteins in cells infected by "high-ri ...19911651607
vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and papillomaviruses: two separate entities?vulvar squamous precancers (vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia) are associated with sexual factors, cigarette smoking, and human papillomaviruses. however, epidemiologic studies of invasive carcinoma of the vulva have produced conflicting evidence for these associations, in part because of a strong association with vulvar inflammatory disease (dystrophies) in older women. we analyzed a series of 42 vulvar invasive carcinomas for papillomavirus nucleic acids by deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonuclei ...19911651647
high risk of human papillomavirus infection and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among women with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection.we investigated the relationship of human papillomavirus (by cervicovaginal lavage and southern blot), human immunodeficiency virus, and squamous intraepithelial lesions in 96 high-risk women in the bronx, new york. antibodies for human immunodeficiency virus were detected in 51 (53%) women. of the 33 women with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection, 23 (70%) had human papillomavirus infection compared with 4 of 18 (22%) asymptomatic women who were human immunodeficiency virus serop ...19911651648
human papillomavirus transmission and carcinogenesis. 19911651696
detection of human papillomavirus dna in cancer of the urinary bladder by in situ hybridisation.the association of the human papillomavirus (hpv) with cancer of the urinary bladder was assessed by in situ hybridisation using probes selective for hpv types 6/11 and 16/18 dna. no hybridisation signal was detected with the type 6/11 probe on 100 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bladder tumours sampled. however, when the same samples were hybridised with the hpv type 16/18 dna probe, 11 of 66 (16.6%) papillary and 1 of 10 (10%) solid transitional cell carcinomas gave positive signals. these r ...19911651798
immunohistochemical analysis of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, ki-67 antigen, and human papillomavirus dna in normal and neoplastic epithelium of the uterine cervix.to investigate the relationship between the sex steroid receptor (estrogen receptor [er] and progesterone receptor [pr]) status and the cell proliferation kinetics during the menstrual cycle in normal and neoplastic epithelium of the uterine cervix, immunohistochemical localization of er, pr, and cell proliferation-associated antigen, ki-67, was investigated in 35 normal cervical specimens, 3 condylomas, 26 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) samples, and 22 invasive squamous carcinoma samp ...19911651807
detection of human papilloma virus (hpv) in laryngeal carcinoma tissue.using alpha-32p-dctp labelled human papillomavirus type 16 dna genome probe (chpv 16 dna, cloned and identified from a chinese cervical invasive carcinoma), 3 hpv 16 genomic relative sequences were detected in 6 biopsies of laryngeal carcinoma. the results showed serious hpv infection in laryngeal carcinoma. this indicates that hpv infection may play an important pathogenetic role in cancer development.19911651831
detection of epstein-barr virus-dna in tongue epithelium of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.oral hairy leukoplakia is a lesion on the lateral part of the tongue that contains replicating epstein-barr virus (ebv) and presages progression from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection to aids. to clarify the role of ebv in the development of the lesions, we used filter in situ dna hybridization to determine the prevalence of ebv and of human papillomavirus (hpv) in epithelial cells obtained on swabs from the tongue of hiv-infected patients who had hairy leukoplakia, hiv-infected patie ...19911651968
detection of human papillomaviruses in paraffin-embedded condylomata acuminata--comparison of immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is used for detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of condylomata acuminata. incorporation of biotinylated nucleotides during the amplification process allows a highly sensitive, fast, and non-isotopic detection of viral dna in a subsequent southern dot blot. in 100% (13 of 13) of histologically confirmed condylomata, hpv-6 or -11 could be detected by polymerase chain reaction. by in situ hybridization 77% (10 of 13) a ...19911651972
human papillomavirus dna in anal carcinomas. comparison of in situ and dot blot hybridization.because the sensitivities of individual hybridization techniques differ considerably, their role in accounting for the published frequencies of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in anal squamous cell carcinomas, ranging from 0 to 61%, must be investigated. with the use of biotinylated probes to hpv 6, 11, 16, 18, and 33, three hybridization techniques were performed on the same paraffin-embedded tissue blocks selected from 13 cases of anal squamous cell carcinoma. hpv dna was detected in 0%, 62%, a ...19911652201
pathology of the cervix.over the last year, the majority of research on the pathology of the cervix has been focused on the human papillomavirus (hpv) and its role in the pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia. several major points emerged from these studies. first, the incidence of latent hpv infection in the general population is greater than previously thought. up to 31% of a college-aged population has hpv dna detected in cervical swabs. second, in situ hybridization to detect hpv has been found to be a useful quality ...19911652303
detection of hpv-16 dna in cervical carcinoma by paraffin section in situ hybridization.thirty-eight cervical carcinomas and one cervical condyloma were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) dna using 3h-dctp-labelled hpv-16 dna probe in paraffin section in situ hybridization and dot blot hybridization (tm-17 degrees c). the results showed that hpv-16 dna positive rate in our series was about 74.4% (29/39) as determined by paraffin section in situ hybridization and about 71.8% (28/29) by dot blot hybridization. there was no significant difference betwee ...19911652409
a role for both rb and p53 in the regulation of human cellular senescence.we present evidence for the possible involvement of both the rb and p53 proteins in the regulation of cellular senescence. human fibroblasts immortalized with an inducible sv40 t-antigen become senescent following the de-induction of t-antigen. plasmids expressing an alternative source of intact t-antigen restore proliferation but t-antigen deletion mutants lacking either the rb or p53 binding domains are unable to do so. similarly, combinations of adenovirus e1a + e1b or human papillomavirus e6 ...19911652450
[treatment of human papilloma virus of the cervix using cryosurgery].the causal lesions by vph in the cervix, are associated to cancer. currently 56 different subtypes have been isolated, from which, the 16, 18, 31, 33, 35 and 39 are more frequently related with the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; from here derives the importance of opportune treatment. the objective of this paper is to evaluate vph of the cervix opportune treatment with cryosurgery. seventy five patients were analyzed, from april 1988 to may 1990 with diagnosis of cervical vph, by cytology, ...19911652544
human papillomavirus infection of the male diagnosed by southern-blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction: comparison between urethra samples and penile biopsy samples.a group of 108 healthy men aged 18 to 23 years underwent penoscopy after application of acetic acid. in 39 (37%) aceto-white lesions were found and a biopsy was taken. from 105 patients a urethra sample was collected with a brush. the prevalence of hpv-dna by dot-blot and southern-blot hybridizations (dbh/sbh) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as well as the correlation between results from urethra samples and penile aceto-white epithelium were examined. in urethra, hpv-dna was detected in fou ...19911652616
human papillomavirus type 16 dna in ocular and cervical swabs of women with genital tract condylomata.human papillomavirus type 16 is associated with dysplasias and carcinomas of the conjunctiva and of the uterine cervix. to explore the relationship between cervical and ocular human papillomavirus infection, we examined dna from bilateral limbal swabs and cervical swabs from 17 women (age range, 17 to 46 years; median, 31.7 years) with biopsy-proven human papillomavirus-related cervical dysplasia who had a normal ocular surface. using polymerase chain reaction, we identified human papillomavirus ...19911652895
two dna-bound e2 dimers are required for strong transcriptional activation and for cooperation with cellular factors in most cells.the e2 transcriptional activator encoded by papillomaviruses binds as a dimer to the palindromic sequence accgnnnncggt present in several copies in the viral genomes. we show that strong activation requires that a minimum of two e2 binding sites are actually occupied by the protein. studies with constructs bearing two e2 sites separated by variable lengths of dna showed that there is no stereospecific constraint for e2 homosynergy. the capacity of e2 to cooperate with cellular factors interactin ...19911653009
detection of human papillomavirus dna in genital lesions by using a modified commercially available in situ hybridization assay.a modified, commercially available dna-dna in situ hybridization test that uses biotinylated probes for the identification of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna types 6/11, 16/18, and 31/33/35 was evaluated. hpv dna was detected in 314 of 787 (40%) histologically abnormal genital biopsy specimens by using the viratype in situ assay (life technologies, gaithersburg, md.), in which the hybridization time was increased from 2 to 16 h. ninety percent of positive condyloma acuminata specimens contained h ...19911653262
human papillomavirus in exophytic condylomatous lesions on different female genital regions.clinically diagnosed exophytic condylomatous lesions on the vulva (20 cases), vagina (5 cases), and cervix (9 cases) were examined pathologically, and human papillomavirus (hpv) types present in those lesions were identified by southern blot hybridization analysis. all vulvar and vaginal lesions showed typical histopathological features of classical condylomata, and hpv 6 and 11 were found in 15 vulvar and 3 vaginal lesions and in 5 vulvar and 2 vaginal lesions, respectively. in 5 cervical lesio ...19911653304
detection of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 e4 gene products in condylomata acuminatum.polyclonal antiserum to an escherichia coli-produced beta-galactosidase/e4 fusion protein of human papillomavirus type 6b (antiserum 256), and affinity purified hpv 11 anti-e4 antibodies were tested for reactivity in western blots with bacterially expressed trpe/e4 fusion proteins of hpv types 6b, 11, 16, and 18. to further characterize the affinity purified anti-e4 antibodies, a dot-immunobinding assay was performed using overlapping synthetic hpv 11 e1e4 peptides as antigens. protein extracts ...19911653305
the physical state of human papillomavirus type 16 dna in cervical carcinomas of hong kong chinese.the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) in 15 cervical carcinoma specimens obtained from hong kong chinese patients was analyzed by southern blot hybridization studies. in nine (60%) of them, hpv 16 genomes were detected, while two others (13.3%) were found to harbor hpv dna of unknown type closely related to hpv 16. all of them were classified as squamous cell carcinomas according to who guidelines. in addition, the presence of hpv 18 was shown in another two (13.3%) squamous cell carcinoma ...19911653409
the constitutively expressed octamer binding protein otf-1 and a novel octamer binding protein expressed specifically in cervical cells bind to an octamer-related sequence in the human papillomavirus 16 enhancer.a novel octamer binding protein expressed specifically in cervical cells but not in other cell types has been identified. this protein differs in size and sequence specificity from the constitutively expressed octamer binding protein otf-1. in particular it binds with higher affinity to a sequence in the human papillomavirus 16 (hpv) upstream regulatory region which has a seven out of eight base pair match compared to the consensus octamer motif. this is the first example of a tissue specific pr ...19911653419
genetic heterogeneity among human papillomaviruses (hpv) associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis: evidence for multiple allelic forms of hpv5 and hpv8 e6 genes.in order to get some insight into modifications of human papillomavirus (hpv) genomes which could play a role in tumor progression in epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev), we studied three ev patients infected by hpv5 and one by hpv8, with cancers containing mostly or only episomal viral genomes with a deletion. the mutants were compared with the full-length genomes present in the benign lesions of each patient. deletions affected the l1 and/or l2 open reading frames (orfs), and extended in the ...19911653484
quantitative detection of spliced e6-e7 transcripts of human papillomavirus type 16 in cervical premalignant lesions.the splicing patterns of e6-e7 transcripts of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) in cervical premalignant lesions were quantitatively analyzed by s1 nuclease protection assay. the major e6-e7 transcripts in hpv16-containing cervical lesions (four cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and one invasive carcinoma) were from spliced e6*i/e7 mrna. the unspliced e6/e7 mrna, which can encode the full-length zinc finger protein e6, is expressed as 8 to 15% of e6-e7 transcripts. the spliced e6*ii/e7 mrna ...19911653501
tumorigenicity of the e6 and e6-e7 gene constructions derived from human papillomavirus type 33.human papillomavirus type 33 (hpv33) belongs to the group of hpv types frequently found in severe cervical dysplasias and carcinomas. by analogy with hpv types 16 and 18 selectively expressing e6 and e7 genes in malignant tissues, we studied the hpv33 e6 and e7 open reading frames in various configurations with upstream promoter and noncoding region (ncr) known to contain a particular 78-bp tandem repeat. hpv dna fragments were cloned into expression vectors between the sv40 or the mouse metallo ...19911653554
[detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 dna relative sequence in the tissue of laryngeal carcinoma].by using alpha 32-p-dctp labeled chinese human papillomavirus type 16 dna (chpv 16 dna) probe, we have adopted southern blot method and detected hpv subtype 16 dna (1/6) and hpv 16 dna relative sequence (3/6) in 6 biopsy specimens of laryngeal carcinoma. the result showed a severe infection of hpv in laryngeal carcinoma. this indicates that hpv infection may play a pathogenetic role in the cancer.19911653582
use of sulfonated primers to detect and type papillomavirus in cell cultures and cervical biopsies.human papillomavirus (hpv) was detected by using two sets of deoxyribonucleotide primers for differentiating between 'low-risk' types (hpv11 and hpv6) and 'high-risk' (hri) types (hpv16, hpv18 and hpv33). a new application of the chemiprobe method for labeling dna was used to detect products of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from 36 cervical biopsies. this method, first demonstrated by uchimura et al. (submitted), is based on the sulfonation of a polycytidylic acid tail of 5-20 monomers att ...19911653755
a research for the relationship between human papillomavirus and human uterine cervical carcinoma. i. the identification of viral genome and subgenomic sequences in biopsies of chinese patients.biopsies from 318 cases with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, 48 with cervical and vulvar condylomata, 14 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin), 34 with chronic cervicitis and 24 with normal cervical epithelium were collected from different geographic regions with different cervical cancer mortalities. the dna.dna dot-blot and southern blot hybridization results show that there is a close relationship between hpv-16 and the uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma in china. ...19911653781
demonstration of human papillomavirus dna by nucleic acid in situ hybridization in paired histologically abnormal cervical biopsies obtained at the same patient visit.fifty-four pairs of cervical biopsies ranging from minimal dysplasia to severe dysplasia were studied for the presence of human papillomavirus dna by in situ hybridization. two assays were performed on each biopsy. a 16 hour hybridization was used in one assay, while a 40 hour hybridization was utilized in the second assay. increasing the hybridization time to 40 hours did not significantly increase the detection rate of hpv compared to the rate found using the 16 hour hybridization. also, no di ...19911653828
correlation of the papanicolaou smear and human papillomavirus type in women with biopsy-proven cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions.the authors correlated papanicolaou smear diagnoses with the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) as determined by in situ hybridization in concurrent biopsy-proven cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (sils) in 132 women. infection by hpv 6 or 11 was associated with a simultaneous normal papanicolaou smear in 4 of 29 (14%) cases. this result was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than that found in cases of infection by an oncogenic hpv type (types 16, 31, 33, 35, and others), in w ...19911654025
prevalence of low and high risk human papillomavirus types in cervical cells from hong kong pregnant chinese using filter in situ hybridization.filter in situ hybridization, using separate probes for human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid types 6, 11, 16 and 18, was used to determine the prevailing hpv types amongst a group of pregnant chinese women. this group had been previously identified using a mixture of probes for hpv types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35 (virapap). specimens from six of the eleven cases contained one hpv type (55%) while five were positive for two types (45%). the "low-risk" types (hbv6, 11) were identified as fre ...19911654045
coexpression of adult t-cell leukemia-derived factor, a human thioredoxin homologue, and human papillomavirus dna in neoplastic cervical squamous epithelium.adult t-cell leukemia-derived factor (adf) is an autocrine interleukin-2 receptor-inducing factor produced by human t-lymphotropic virus-1 (htlv-1)-transformed lymphocytes, which has a high structural homology with an endogenous dithiol reducing coenzyme, thioredoxin. its localization was investigated immunohistochemically in the cervix, using normal tissue (27 samples) and squamous neoplastic tissue (three condylomas, 42 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [cin] samples, 34 invasive squamous cel ...19911654198
increased intracellular calcium is associated with progression of hpv-18 immortalized human keratinocytes to tumorigenicity.studies were conducted using normal and human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) immortalized human keratinocytes to assess possible alterations in the differentiation process as a consequence of increased intracellular calcium concentration. normal keratinocytes exposed to increased extracellular calcium or the phorbol ester tpa, exhibited terminal differentiation characteristics. however, late passage hpv-18 immortalized keratinocytes (designated fep-1811) were resistant to such terminal differen ...19911654210
immortalization of normal human oral keratinocytes with type 16 human papillomavirus.primary human oral keratinocytes were transformed by transfection with recombinant human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) dna, and two transformed cell lines named human oral keratinocytes-16a and -16b (hok-16a and hok-16b) were established. while normal cells and cells transfected with vector only exhibited a limited lifespan, the hok-16a and hok-16b lines demonstrated immortality and altered morphology from their normal counterpart. the hok-16a and hok-16b lines contained approximately 40 and a ...19911654226
immunofluorescent detection of bovine papillomavirus e4 antigen in the cytoplasm of cells permissive in vitro for viral dna amplification.the e4 gene of several human papillomavirus types is expressed in association with vegetative viral dna synthesis in differentiated epidermal cells. to develop reagents to study expression of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) e4 gene in warts and in virus-transformed cell lines, rabbit polyclonal antiserum was raised to the bpv-1 e4 antigen produced as a fusion polypeptide in escherichia coli. by immunoblotting analysis of productively infected bovine fibropapilloma tissue, e4-related pro ...19911654378
human papillomavirus (hpv) infections and their associations with oral disease.more than 65 distinct types of human papillomavirus (hpv) have been identified to date. several of the hpv types have been proposed as etiologic agents of squamous cell carcinoma. in the oral cavity, hpvs have been found associated with several benign squamous cell proliferations. evidence from histology and dna hybridization studies suggests that hpv is also involved in oral carcinogenesis. it is apparent, however, that substantial amount of confusion exists in the diagnosis of oral hpv infecti ...19911654422
a papillomavirus related to hpv type 13 in oral focal epithelial hyperplasia in the pygmy chimpanzee.an epizootic of focal epithelial hyperplasia (feh) or morbus heck in a pygmy chimpanzee (pan paniscus) colony is described. papovavirus-like particles were observed in the nuclei of epithelial cells. analysis of the dna of the lesions revealed an episomal papillomavirus-specific band with a molecular size of approximately 8,000 bp. in situ hybridization under high stringency conditions showed cross-hybridization between the chimpanzee papillomavirus dna and human papillomavirus (hpv) type 13. th ...19911654423
repression of the human papillomavirus type 18 enhancer by the cellular transcription factor oct-1.the role of cellular factors involved in the transcriptional regulation of the cancer-associated human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv18) is yet poorly understood. the presence of an oct-1-binding site within the hpv18 upstream regulatory region led us to investigate the influence of oct-1 on viral transcription. cotransfection of oct-1 expression plasmids together with luciferase reporter constructs containing hpv18 regulatory sequences indicated that oct-1 can transcriptionally repress the hpv18 u ...19911654457
[use of the dot-blot technique in the detection of human papillomavirus(hpv) deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) in malignant tumors of the oropharynx].a total of 23 malignant oropharyngeal tumours (palate, tongue, tonsils, pharynx) and two lymph node metastases were analysed for presence of papilloma virus dna. thirteen (54.5%) of 22 squamous cell cancers of different koilocytosis and grading were found to contain hpv 16/18 dna. only 16.6% (4 cases) were positive for hpv 6/11 dna. there was no detectable hpv-dna in the lymph node metastases (table 1). the control biopsies (19) were negative after hybridisation.19911654914
high prevalence of human papillomavirus and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a young australian std population.two hundred and forty-five women consecutively attending a large city sexually transmitted diseases (std) centre had routine cervical screening performed by both the pap smear and, in addition, a cervigram. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hpv infection, cin and cervical cancer in an std population. the mean age of this group was 26 years with a range from 16 to 53 years. colposcopy and biopsy revealed a prevalence for human papillomavirus (hpv) of 41%, and 20.4% for cerv ...19911655057
genital warts, other sexually transmitted diseases, and vulvar cancer.to determine whether specific sexually transmitted diseases were associated with an increased risk of vulvar cancer, we conducted a case-control study among residents of three countries in western washington. we identified, interviewed, and obtained blood samples from women with in situ (n = 180) and invasive (n = 53) vulvar cancer, 18-79 years of age, who were first diagnosed with these diseases during 1980-1988. we compared their responses with those of 466 women from the general population wh ...19911655066
implication of human papillomavirus in postirradiation dysplasia.the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna and association of condylomata acuminata (ca) in the biopsy tissues of postirradiation dysplasia (prd) of the cervix and/or vagina from 17 patients who previously had radiation therapy for malignancies of the uterine cervix, vagina, and endometrium were evaluated with dna in situ hybridization. eight of 17 patients (47.1%) had hpv dna identified in the lesions of postirradiation dysplasia (prd). five of eight cases (62.5%) contained hpv dna of more ...19911655204
beta-interferon topical treatment in low and high risk cervical lesions.in a series of 131 patients we evaluated the effects of medical therapy with beta-interferon cream in patients with cervical human papilloma virus (hpv) infection, which in some cases, was associated with cin. treatment consisted of the direct daily application of 1,000,000 iu beta-interferon cream to colposcopically positive areas over a period of 15 days. at intervals of 1, 6, 12 and 24 months following treatment, cytohistological tests were carried out to assess the effects of treatment. at t ...19911655314
co2-laser vaporization of human papillomavirus (hpv)-induced abnormal cervical smears. a simple and effective solution to a recurrent clinical problem.fifty women with human papillomavirus (hpv)-induced abnormal cervical smears were randomly allocated to either co2-laser vaporization or routine control. the success rate at the 6 months check was 100% after laser treatment compared to that of 72% in the control group (p less than 0.05). although longer follow-up is needed to fully establish the efficacy of the treatment, the method seems appropriate to this large group of women at risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.19911655315
[condyloma acuminatum: detection of capsid antigen of human papillomavirus and microscopic study].420 cases of condyloma acuminata and condyloma-like lesions in vulvar region in guangzhou area were studies on paraffin sections: detection of capsid antigen of human papilloma-versus (hpv-ag) and observation of microscopic morphology. of the 420 cases, 160 cases (38.1%) were diagnosed condyloma acuminata. in which, diagnostic koilocytes can be found in 156 cases (97.5%) and hpv-ag were positive in 105 cases (65.6%). 260 cases (61.9%) were diagnosed chronic inflammation of the skin or mucosa and ...19911655367
human papillomavirus type 16 in vulvar carcinoma, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, and associated cervical neoplasia.vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (vin) is becoming more widespread and the patients are becoming still younger. although progression to invasive vulvar carcinoma is uncommon, local recurrences are frequent and about one-quarter of the patients have multicentric genital disease. the aim of the present study was to search for a possible significant association of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection with vulvar carcinoma, recurrences, and multicentric disease. we used the polymerase chain reaction ...19911655593
cervical carcinoma metastatic to the skull, heart, and lungs: analysis for human papillomavirus dna.in this case report we present a 21-year-old patient with stage iv cervical carcinoma metastatic to the skull at the time of diagnosis. the patient had two previous negative pap smears performed 10 months and 15 months prior to the time of diagnosis. postmortem examination 2 months following diagnosis showed cardiac and pulmonary metastases. human papillomavirus (hpv) dna was detected in the primary cervical tumor and skull metastasis, but absent in the cardiac and pulmonary metastases. this stu ...19911655596
association of human papillomavirus with penile carcinoma: a study using polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization.although carcinoma of the uterine cervix has been shown to be strongly associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, a sexually transmitted disease, similar detailed data are lacking in penile carcinoma. to determine the association of hpv with penile carcinoma, we examined 30 specimens of penile carcinoma from 23 patients by the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and in situ hybridization assays. we also examined nonneoplastic penile foreskins from 20 adults using the poly ...19911655618
extra-anogenital hpv16-related bowenoid papulosis.in this report we describe a case of bowenoid papulosis (bp) on the face of a 44 year old algerian man. to our knowledge this is the first reported case of isolated extragenital bp. the presence of type 16 human papilloma virus was demonstrated by in situ hybridisation. this case underscores that multiple hpv-induced severe intraepithelial neoplasia, the so-called bp, is not restricted to the anogenital area.19911655620
anal human papillomavirus infection: a comparative study of cytology, colposcopy and dna hybridisation as methods of detection.to compare anal cytology, colposcopy and dna hybridisation as methods of detecting anal hpv infection.19911655621
genital human papillomavirus lesions of the male sexual partners: the diagnostic accuracy of peniscopy.to evaluate the accuracy of peniscopy for identifying human papillomavirus (hpv) lesions in male sexual partners of women with hpv infection. the predictive value of the medical history for hpv infection was also evaluated.19911655625
herpes simplex virus type 2: a possible interaction with human papillomavirus types 16/18 in the development of invasive cervical cancer.a case-control study of 766 histologically confirmed incident cases of invasive cervical cancer and 1,532 hospital and community controls was conducted in latin america to evaluate the etiologic role of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and to examine whether hsv-2 interacts with other risk factors. in addition to a personal interview, all subjects were asked to donate blood samples and cervical swabs for assessment of exposure to hsv-2 and human papillomaviruses (hpvs) respectively. ninety-ei ...19911655658
sexually transmitted diseases: viruses and ectoparasites. committee on sexually transmitted diseases of the american academy of dermatology.this review highlights recent developments in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of nonbacterial sexually transmitted infections. genital herpes simplex, anogenital human papillomavirus disease, molluscum contagiosum, pediculosis pubis, and scabies are discussed.19911655837
trichilemmomas are not associated with human papillomavirus dna.trichilemmoma is considered a benign neoplasm derived from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. although the histogenesis of the lesion is unknown, a relationship between human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and development of these tumors has been suggested on morphologic observations. in order to determine whether hpv is, in fact, present in these lesions, we have analyzed sections from 25 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded trichilemmomas for the presence of occult hpv dna using ultrasen ...19911655840
presence and integration of human papillomavirus type 6 in a tonsillar carcinoma.human papillomavirus type 6 subtype a (hpv-6a) was detected in a human invasive tonsillar carcinoma. southern blot hybridization analysis showed the presence of additional bands when using non-cutting and single-cut restriction enzymes. molecular cloning yielded two recombinant clones of 8.0 and 1.4 kb in size. the first represents the complete hpv-6a genome. sequence analysis of the second clone showed a 0.6 kb dna sequence corresponding to the l2 region of hpv-6a, whereas the rest belongs to c ...19911655962
sequencing data on the long control region of human papillomavirus type 16.a one base change (adenine at position 7861) in the long control region (lcr) of the prototype sequence of human papillomavirus type 16 was reported. with this correction, a new e2-binding site was revealed, 111 bp and 143 bp upstream from the tata box and p97, respectively, and 105 bp downstream of the keratinocyte-dependent enhancer. an a to c mutation at position 41 was found in a patient with invasive carcinoma. this mutation falls within an e2-binding site.19911655963
comparison of elisa and western blotting for human papillomavirus type 16 e7 antibody determination.a total of 140 sera originating from healthy women and women with either cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer were tested for the presence of igg antibody against e7 of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) by elisa using a synthetic icosapeptide, denoted 16/e7-2, representing amino acids 11 to 30, and by western blotting (wb) using a genetically engineered hpv-16 e7 fusion protein. eighteen sera were found positive in either one or the other test. positive reactions were more f ...19911655964
genital human papilloma virus infection in oslo studied by dot blot dna hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction.samples from patients with genital condyloma acuminata or with cervical condylomas and/or dysplasia and from women without cytological/clinical evidence of cervical affection were examined by dot blot dna hybridization or the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr was much more sensitive than dot blot, more than doubling the human papilloma virus (hpv) findings. hpv dna, mainly hpv 6/11, was detected in 18 of 19 biopsies of condyloma acuminata, whereas hpv 16 was most frequently detected in th ...19911655965
the enhancer of human papillomavirus type 16: binding sites for the ubiquitous transcription factors oct-1, nfa, tef-2, nf1, and ap-1 participate in epithelial cell-specific transcription.the enhancer of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) is considered to be specific for epithelial cells, in particular for cervical carcinoma-derived cell lines. we reexamined this hypothesis with the complete enhancer as well as nonoverlapping subclones and found all clones to be active in epithelial cell lines derived from the epidermis and from carcinomas of the cervix, mammary gland, and colon, but inactive in fibroblast, lymphoma, and embryonal carcinoma cells. although the virus infects on ...19911656080
infantile digital fibromatosis: ultrastructural human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus dna observation.we studied a case of infantile digital fibromatosis (idf) by transmission electron microscopy. we could not detect either human papillomavirus (hpv) dna types 6, 11, 16, and 18, or herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna types 1 and 2 in idf. our results suggest that idf is not associated with hpv and hsv infection.19911656415
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the anus in sexually active women.twenty-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma (scc) of the anus have presented over an 8 year period; 18 were female. six of 9 patients aged under 50 years were female. five of these women had been treated for a previous cervical malignancy (2 invasive) and 4 practised anal intercourse; human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 dnas were isolated from their arcival anal/cervical paraffin sections. signals were confined to the nuclei of the invasive anal scc cells and the transformation zone of the ...19911656417
hpv detection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in verrucous lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract.nineteen formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded verrucous lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract (uadt) were evaluated for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) 6b/11, 16, and 18 dna sequences using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), in-situ hybridization, and dot blot analysis. hpv dna was confirmed in two dysplastic papillomas only; both cases contained hpv 6b/11. e6-e7 portions of hpv dna was not reproducibly detected in any of the 11 verrucous carcinomas, 4 verrucous hyperplasias, or 2 m ...19911656433
a keratinocyte-specific transcription factor, krf-1, interacts with ap-1 to activate expression of human papillomavirus type 18 in squamous epithelial cells.human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) infects genital squamous epithelium and is an etiological agent of cervical cancer. cell-type-specific expression of hpv-18 is directed by the region upstream of the viral early genes that contains a transcriptional enhancer whose function is dependent solely on cellular factors. this element directs expression to high levels in squamous epithelial cells but is only weakly active in other cell types. we demonstrate by gel mobility-shift, methylation interfer ...19911656460
anal neoplasia and its precursors: facts and controversies.the normal anal mucosa shows a complex histology, and a large variety of tumors and lesions with more or less malignant potential may arise in this region. several of these seem to be related to venereal diseases, homosexual behavior, and anal intercourse, and to immunosuppression. human papilloma virus (hpv) has been identified in many cases, but the relation to the histological picture is not constant and the significance is unclear. however, these observations have helped us to identify risk ...19911656504
expression of vaccinia recombinant hpv 16 l1 and l2 orf proteins in epithelial cells is sufficient for assembly of hpv virion-like particles.a recombinant vaccinia virus termed plc201vv was designed to coexpress the l1 and l2 late genes of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16). synthesis of the l1 and l2 proteins occurred in cells infected with plc201vv, and 40-nm virus-like particles with a density of 1.31 g/ml were produced in the nuclei of cells synthesizing both l1 and l2, but not in cells synthesizing either protein alone. virus-like particles were partially purified from infected cells by sucrose gradient sedimentation and shown ...19911656586
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