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folate deficiency and cervical dysplasia.to test the hypothesis that nutritional deficiency affects the incidence of cervical dysplasia in young women.19921729576
dermatopathologic findings in patients infected with hiv.several inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic conditions in hiv-infected patients are distinctive or require a biopsy for diagnosis. some differ subtly from similar conditions seen in noninfected patients. the exanthem of acute hiv infection cannot be diagnosed specifically on biopsy as its histologic appearance is similar to that of other viral exanthemata. a condition that closely resembles seborrheic dermatitis occurs in hiv-infected patients. plasma cells, necrotic keratinocytes, and leuk ...19921730173
the epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.each year, approximately 12 million cases of stds occur in the united states, including an estimated 1.4 million cases of gonorrhea, 130,000 cases of syphilis, 4 million cases of chlamydia, 500,000 to 1 million cases of human papillomavirus, 200,000 to 500,000 cases of genital herpes, and 45,000 cases of aids. these numbers should be viewed cautiously, because many stds are not reported, many are not easily diagnosed, and many are asymptomatic or inapparent. the control of stds can be achieved o ...19921736468
stability of p53 protein in rat cells transformed by various viral transforming genes.to clarify the correlation between metabolic stabilization of p53 protein and cellular transformation, we transformed the normal rat cell line f2408 with various viral transforming genes and examined the expression and stability of p53 protein in these transformed cells by pulse-chase immunoprecipitation experiments. as expected, the level of p53 in the sv40-transformed rat cell line was higher than that in the normal cell line and its stability was also increased. in contrast, in cells transfor ...19921736539
the bethesda classification for squamous intraepithelial lesions: histologic, cytologic, and viral correlates.in applying the bethesda system of classification to cervical squamous lesions, we evaluated the papanicolaou smears, cervical biopsies, and human papillomavirus (hpv) dna status of 76 clinic patients. the biopsy specimens and concurrent papanicolaou smears were analyzed using criteria for low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and the biopsies were analyzed for hpv dna by in situ hybridization. two independent observers produced good agreement in both cytologic (kappa = 0.62 ...19921738511
anal human papillomavirus infection in heterosexuals with genital warts: prevalence and relation with sexual behaviour. 19911747648
short biotinylated oligonucleotides bind non-specifically to senile plaques of alzheimer's disease.we have used in situ hybridization with biotinylated oligonucleotide (antisense) probes and streptavidin-biotinylated alkaline phosphatase method to detect the amount of amyloid beta-protein mrna in the paraffin-embedded and formalin-fixed brain samples of patients affected by alzheimer's disease and those of non-affected controls. instead of the expected specific binding to neuronal cytoplasm, the probes did constantly bind to neuritic senile plaques, the strongest binding being found in the hi ...19911749520
t-cell immunotherapy of cancer.in animal systems, complete and permanent eradication of tumours can be achieved by adoptive transfer of mhc-restricted t cells, combined with il2. in certain types of human cancer (melanoma and perhaps renal cell carcinoma), tumour-specific t cells are probably the therapeutically most active cells among lak or til cells. to prove these points, it is necessary to conduct trials with cloned tumour-specific t cells. other potentially immunogenic tumors are cervical carcinoma, associated with huma ...19911754715
a case-control study of nutrient status and invasive cervical cancer. i. dietary indicators.a study of 748 cases and 1,411 hospital and community controls in four latin american countries evaluated the association between certain elements of diet and invasive cervical cancer. subjects were interviewed about their adult consumption of 58 food items, including the major sources of putative protective agents (vitamin a, carotenoids, vitamin c, and folacin) as well as other behavioral and medical characteristics related to cervical cancer. participation rates were above 95% for both cases ...19911755447
a case-control study of nutrient status and invasive cervical cancer. ii. serologic indicators.a study of 387 cases and 670 controls from four latin american countries evaluated the hypothesis that lower serum levels of eight micronutrients were associated with a higher risk of invasive cervical cancer. the serologic analyses were restricted to a sample of subjects with stage i and ii disease to minimize effects of the disease on the serologic markers. ninety-four percent of eligible subjects donated blood samples, which were analyzed for carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols by high-pres ...19911755448
laryngeal papillomas in infants and children. relationship to maternal venereal warts.a variety of studies has been directed at establishing the association between human papillomavirus (hpv), as manifested in the adult as a sexually transmitted disease, and laryngeal papillomas found in infants and children. in spite of substantial evidence for the transmission of hpv from women to their infants during childbirth, this association remains unknown to most clinicians in the specialty areas of childbearing and pediatrics. nurse-midwives find evidence of venereal warts in 1% to 35% ...19911757815
viruses in the aetiology of oral carcinoma? examination of the evidence.this paper examines the evidence for an aetiological role for viruses in the development of oral carcinoma. several viruses have been sought in oral cancer and evidence found for some, particularly herpes simplex and human papillomavirus. however, the evidence also suggests that these viruses are ubiquitous agents and a number of criteria must be met before these potentially oncogenic agents can reliably be implicated in human carcinogenesis. in contrast, there is no evidence that viruses such a ...19911772858
human papilloma virus in uterine cervix: a comparison of detection by morphology and by dot-blot hybridization.colposcopically directed cervical biopsies, smears, and swabs obtained from 210 women with a previous abnormal cervical cytology were evaluated for the presence of human papilloma virus (hpv) using morphology and dot-blot hybridization. the diagnosis of hpv infection in biopsies and smears examined morphologically was rendered using established criteria for condyloma/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). in hybridization studies, dna was isolated from cells obtained from cervical swabs and a ...19911774105
condylomata acuminata and risk of cancer: an epidemiological study.to determine whether patients with condylomata acuminata have an increased risk of developing cancer.19911781836
[argyrophilic nucleoproteins of the cervical epithelium in hpv infection and intraepithelial neoplasia].50 colposcopic biopsies of cervical epithelium were studied, using a silver colloid technique. these comprised 28 cases of human papillomavirus infection of the cervix, 8 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) i, 8 cases of cin ii, 6 cases of cin iii. the agnor mean number of the basal and parabasal cells of the cervical epithelium was significantly different in virus infected cells and in cin. different patterns of agnor distribution were observed: they were single and compact in vir ...19911792106
condyloma acuminatum in a 3-year old girl.we report the case of 3-year-old girl with condyloma acuminatum. she was brought to our clinic with pruritus, painful urination and four discharge and treated with electrocautery. histological examination revealed acanthosis, nuclear basophilic inclusions and vacuolar degeneration. in this case, transmission of the human papilloma virus might have occurred during close, non-sexual contact with the infected mother, and the depressed immune response associated with atopic dermatitis appears to hav ...19911797745
alpha interferon: the potential drug of adjuvant therapy: past achievements and future challenges.this paper aims to summarize current experience with alpha interferon and provide direction for future study. there are four areas in which alpha interferon has proven or potential activity: antiviral, premalignant, adjuvant and advanced disease settings. the three main viral diseases in which interferon alfa-2b has been shown to have activity are chronic viral hepatitis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and human papilloma virus infections. in vitro studies suggest that alpha interferon may ...19911799468
cryotherapy and laser treatment for intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix, vagina, and vulva.over the past 20 years, the incidence of invasive genital neoplasia has decreased, while the incidence of preinvasive, or intraepithelial, neoplasia has increased. these trends are the result of increased cancer screening women and the widespread application of improved diagnostic techniques by physicians. the rapid increase in genital human papillomavirus infections over the past 10 years may also be a factor influencing the increased incidence of intraepithelial neoplasia. the average age at d ...19911834154
analysis of trans activation by human papillomavirus type 16 e7 and adenovirus 12s e1a suggests a common mechanism.the human papillomavirus e7 gene product is an oncoprotein with properties similar to those of the adenovirus e1a proteins. the human papillomavirus e7 proteins possess substantial amino acid sequence similarity to portions of conserved regions 1 and 2 of e1a, and the human papillomavirus type 16 e7 protein trans-activates the adenovirus e2 early promoter. analysis of point mutations in the e2 promoter indicated that the e2f recognition sites were critical to e7 stimulation. in contrast to the a ...19911834862
mammalian g2 regulatory genes and their possible involvement in genetic instability in cancer cells.in the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe, mitosis is initiated following the activation of the cdc2+/cyclin b kinase. the cdc2+/cyclin b kinase is positively regulated by cdc25+ tyrosine phosphatase and negatively regulated by wee1+/mik1+ tyrosine kinases. this regulatory system is evolutionarily conserved throughout higher eukaryotes. drosophila and humans contain a cdc25+ gene homolog called string and cdc25hs (hereafter referred to as cdc25hul), respectively. we recently cloned a wee1+ ...19911844245
molecular pathologic study of human papillomavirus infection in inverted papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses.nasal inverted papilloma is a rare benign tumor occasionally associated with squamous cell carcinoma. to determine the etiological role of human papillomavirus in inverted papilloma, and to clarify the relationship between human papillomavirus and malignant transformation of this benign tumor, we retrospectively analyzed inverted papillomas from 26 patients, 7 of whom had squamous cell carcinoma. we used an immunohistochemical method and molecular pathologic techniques, or dot-blot hybridization ...19911845817
progression of rat embryo fibroblast cells immortalized with transforming genes of human papillomavirus type 16.to clarify the mechanism of cell transformation by human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16), we constructed recombinant murine retroviruses containing various subgenomic fragments of the hpv16 early region and examined their abilities to transform rat fibroblasts in primary culture. the e7 orf, but not the e6 orf, immortalized cells in primary culture, but the recombinant retrovirus containing both the e6 and e7 orfs did not transform them. however, after long-term cultivation of cells immortalized ...19911845822
in vitro biological activities of the e6 and e7 genes vary among human papillomaviruses of different oncogenic potential.human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) and hpv-18 are often detected in cervical carcinomas, while hpv-6, although frequently present in benign genital lesions, is only rarely present in cancers of the cervix. therefore, infections with hpv-16 and hpv-18 are considered high risk and infection with hpv-6 is considered low risk. we found, by using a heterologous promoter system, that expression of the e7 transforming protein differs between high- and low-risk hpvs. in high-risk hpv-16, e7 is expres ...19911845889
the e7 gene of human papillomavirus type 16 is sufficient for immortalization of human epithelial cells.the contribution of the e6 and e7 open reading frames of human papillomavirus type 6b (hpv6b) and hpv16 to immortalization of human keratinocytes was evaluated by using amphotropic recombinant retroviruses. the hpv16 e7 gene could immortalize primary human keratinocytes without the cooperation of the viral e6 gene; however, e6 was able to contribute significantly to the efficiency of the e7 immortalizing function. infection of hfe cells with retroviruses carrying the 16e6, 6be6, or 6be6e7 open r ...19911845902
modulation of immortalizing properties of human papillomavirus type 16 e7 by p53 expression.the e7 protein is one of the principle transforming proteins encoded by human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16), a virus strongly associated with the development of cervical carcinoma. in the present study we show that cotransfection of wild-type human or murine p53 sequences with e7 and ras markedly reduces transformation in baby rat kidney cells, although no effect of p53 is seen on the ability of e7 to transform an established mouse line to anchorage independence. in contrast, expression of muta ...19911845904
genital human papillomavirus infection in female university students as determined by a pcr-based method.the presence of genital human papillomavirus (hpv) was determined at cervical and vulvar sites using two methods, the food and drug administration-approved virapap test and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) dna amplification technology, in 467 women presenting to a university health service for a routine annual gynecologic examination. the pcr system afforded the sensitive detection of a broad spectrum of genital hpv types. using pcr, we found that 46% of the study population was infected with hpv ...19911845912
small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix. a human papillomavirus type 18-associated cancer.small-cell undifferentiated carcinomas comprise a rare but aggressive subset of uterine cervical neoplasms. analogous to small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung, these tumors frequently exhibit neuroendocrine differentiation. although human papillomaviruses (hpv) types 16 and 18 are strongly associated with the development of cervical squamous carcinoma, there is as yet little information describing the relationship of these viruses to small-cell carcinomas. to address this question, we anal ...19911845923
human papillomavirus type 16 nucleoprotein e7 is a tumor rejection antigen.it has been speculated that immunological mechanisms play an important role in the control of carcinomas associated with human papillomavirus (hpv), such as cervical cancers. we have now demonstrated that immunization of c3h/hen mice by syngeneic nontumorigenic fibroblast-like cells that contain the transfected hpv-16 e7 gene conferred protection against transplanted cells from a hpv-16 e7-positive syngeneic tumor. this protection was hpv-16 e7-specific and was mediated by cd8+ lymphocytes, whic ...19911846033
perinatal transmission of human papillomavirus.human papillomavirus infection is probably the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the united states. in adults, it is associated with condylomata acuminata and with neoplastic changes ranging from dysplasia to carcinoma. infected mothers may transmit human papillomavirus during the perinatal period; affected children face prolonged, difficult treatment for respiratory papillomatosis. prevention of infection remains the best approach, since diagnostic and therapeutic methods are subop ...19911846055
human immunodeficiency virus-induced immunosuppression: a risk factor for human papillomavirus infection.in a group of 92 women with genital condylomata, 15 (16.3%) human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients were found, whereas no case was detected in a control group of 100 women. the relative risk was greater than 19.28. human immunodeficiency-positive status was associated with other parameters: lower age and parity, major frequency of induced abortions, and sexually transmitted diseases. thus although human immunodeficiency-positive status seems to be a true risk factor in relation to the al ...19911846062
analysis of the physical state of different human papillomavirus dnas in intraepithelial and invasive cervical neoplasm.the integration of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna into the human genome has been generally accepted as a characteristic of malignant lesions. to gain a better understanding of this phenomenon, genomic dna from 181 cervical biopsy specimens was isolated and analyzed for hpv type and physical state of the hpv genome. these specimens represented the full spectrum of cervical disease, from condyloma to invasive carcinoma. discrimination between integrated and episomal hpv dna was accomplished by the ...19911846186
inverse relationship between human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 early gene expression and cell differentiation in nude mouse epithelial cysts and tumors induced by hpv-positive human cell lines.two human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv 16)-immortalized human keratinocyte cell lines (hpk) were shown to have retained the ability for differentiation after subcutaneous injection into nude mice. these properties were maintained even at late passage. hpk cells gave rise to transiently growing cysts which exhibited an epitheliumlike architecture. moreover, differentiation-specific markers such as cytokeratin 10, involucrin, and filaggrin were shown to be expressed in an ordered succession. rna-rn ...19911846200
evaluation of two commercially available nucleic acid hybridization assays for the detection and typing of human papillomavirus in clinical specimens.southern blot (oncor, gaithersburg, md) and dot blot (life technologies, gaithersburg, md) nucleic acid hybridization assays were compared for their ability to detect and type human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in 50 cervical swab specimens and 11 biopsy specimens. overall agreement between the two methods was 78.7%. with the use of southern blot analysis, hpv 6, 11, 16, or 18 was detected in 22 specimens, however, 4 were untypable because of abnormal or smeared band patterns. dot blot analysis dete ...19911846260
evolution of in vitro transformation and tumorigenesis of hpv16 and hpv18 immortalized primary cervical epithelial cells.cervical carcinoma develops through a progressive spectrum of premalignant intraepithelial lesions (cin i-iii), the majority of which are associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18. we established hpv16 and hpv18 immortalized human cervical epithelial cell lines and used them as a model to investigate the genesis and progression of cervical malignancy. the cell lines when cultured in vitro in a system mimicking their in vivo environment exhibit cytologic atypia and a variety of d ...19911846261
occurrence of multiple types of human papillomavirus in genital tract lesions. analysis by in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction.more than 22 types of human papillomavirus (hpv) have been detected in genital tract squamous cell intraepithelial lesions. seven of two hundred eighty-six (2.4%) genital tract tissues in which hpv dna was detected by in situ hybridization contained two or more different hpv types. when analyzed by site, 5 of 204 (2.4%) of cervical intraepithelial lesions were infected by more than one type, compared with 2 of 82 (2.4%) of vulvar lesions. the rate for low-grade lesions was similar (5/218; 2.3%) ...19911846265
detection of human papillomavirus dna in anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer.forty anal paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 24 subjects were studied for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33, herpes simplex virus (hsv), epstein-barr virus, and cytomegalovirus dna by using the polymerase chain reaction. these tissues ranged from histologically normal to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. hpv dna was detected in the invasive anal cancer tissues of 11 of 13 subjects. hpv types were segregated by histopathological severity, with hpv 16 ...19911846314
comparative virologic studies of condylomata acuminata reveal a lack of dual infections with human papillomaviruses.condylomata acuminata are epithelial proliferations caused by infection of the anogenital squamous epithelium with human papillomavirus (hpv). dna-dna hybridization techniques and the extremely sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were used to analyze biopsies from patients with clinically diagnosed condyloma acuminatum for the presence of hpv dna. pcr analyses using primers and oligonucleotide probes specific for the e6/e7 region of hpv-6, -11, or -16 showed that 31 (93.9%) of 33 tissue bi ...19911846393
progression of human papillomavirus type 18-immortalized human keratinocytes to a malignant phenotype.we have developed a model system for progression of human epithelial cells to malignancy, using a human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18)-immortalized human keratinocyte cell line. cells of cell line fep-1811 were nontumorigenic in athymic mice through at least 12 passages in culture, but after 32 passages were weakly tumorigenic, producing tumors that regressed. after 62 passages they produced invasive squamous cell carcinomas that grew progressively. the progression to malignancy was associated ...19911846447
should family physicians test for human papillomavirus infection? an affirmative view. 19911846639
should family physicians test for human papillomavirus infection? an opposing view.recent advances in the field of molecular biology have expanded the knowledge of hpv manifestations. we have attempted to separate those circumstances when hpv testing may be useful in patient management and when it may not. routine screening for hpv has not yet been shown to be useful. one must weigh informing 10% of patients that they have a potentially oncogenic virus against the ability of a repeat papanicolaou smear to detect the lesion. on the other hand, hpv detection in the setting of an ...19911846640
human papillomavirus dna in biopsies of oral tissues.the dnas of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 4, 16 and 18 have been detected in biopsies of normal and malignant human oral mucosa by southern blot hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). by the former technique, hpv-4, hpv-16 and hpv-18 dnas were detected in three separate carcinomas but were found in adjacent dysplastic and normal tissue by the pcr only. the pcr technique also allowed detection of hpv-16 and hpv-18 dna in additional carcinomas and normal samples. the oral hpv-4 ...19911846646
a "pap" test for men? male urethral smears as screening tool for detecting subclinical human papillomavirus infection.we have explored the potential of using immunoperoxidase staining and in situ dna hybridization techniques to detect the hpv common antigen and hpv dna (subtypes 6/11 and 16/18) in urethral smears obtained from men with no grossly visible urethral lesions, with or without hpv-related clinical history. a total of 91 such smears were studied of which 25 (27.5%) were positive for hpv antigen. of the latter, 20 (80%) were positive for hpv 6/11 dna, 3 (12%) were positive for hpv 16/18 dna, one smear ...19911846989
epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated papillomavirus infection complicating human immunodeficiency virus disease.three males infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were noted to have extensive flat warts of the face and/or body. in two there were also pityriasis versicolor-like lesions. biopsies showed foamy, basophilic, distended cytoplasm in granular layer keratinocytes, characteristic of the human papillomavirus types seen in epidermodysplasia verruciformis. dna hybridization techniques demonstrated the presence of hpv-type 8 in one patient and hpv 5 and 8 in another. patients with immune ...19911847068
comparison of nucleic acid hybridization and cytologic examination for detection of human papillomavirus infection, with evaluation of two commercially available hybridization kits.human papillomavirus (hpv) infections were detected by analyzing exfoliated cervical cells for hpv dna by use of nucleic acid hybridization; the results were correlated with cytologic findings on papanicolaou smears. hpv infection was diagnosed in 154 women (20%) by either morphologic evidence on cervical smears or nucleic acid hybridization. many of these women (38%; 58/154) exhibited papanicolaou smears with no morphologic evidence of hpv infection. in those patients with cytologic evidence of ...19911847094
a key dna-protein interaction determines the function of the 5'urr enhancer in human papillomavirus type 11.the 5' end of the upstream regulatory region (urr) of human papillomavirus type 11 (hpv-11) has enhancer function and binds cellular proteins. we have determined that one particular motif, a ccngtnac pair, is both necessary and sufficient for enhancer activity. this enhancement of expression can be competed in vivo by concatenated double-stranded oligonucleotides, indicating that protein-dna binding is a requisite for enhancer activity. a 41-kda protein, present in all epithelial cells assayed, ...19911847254
the induction of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte precursor cells by recombinant vaccinia virus expressing human papillomavirus type 16 l1.expression of the major coat protein l1 of human papillomavirus type 16 by recombinant vaccinia viruses using a vaccinia late promoter and their use in generating antibodies have already been reported (zhou et al., 1990). we have now constructed recombinant vaccinia viruses (vvs) which express the l1 protein from an early promoter with the intention of inducing cell-mediated immunity. this necessitated the removal of sequence motifs (tttttnt) from the l1 gene which would otherwise have caused tr ...19911847256
genome organization and nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus type 39.the 7833-bp nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus type 39 (hpv39), which is associated with genital intraepithelial neoplasias and invasive carcinomas, has been determined. the genome organization deduced from the sequence shares characteristic features with other genital papillomaviruses. according to sequence comparisons, hpv39 most closely resembles hpv18 and may be a member of a subgroup of genital papillomaviruses distinct from the hpv16/31/33 group. as a novel feature, we report a 1. ...19911847266
immunization against human papillomavirus type 16 tumor cells with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing e6 and e7.papillomaviruses are etiological agents of epithelial proliferative disease. in man, neoplastic transformation of the uterine cervix has been linked to infection with specific subtypes of human papillomavirus, particularly types 16 and 18. we previously reported that live vaccinia virus recombinants expressing early transforming proteins of other tumor viruses can immunize against challenge with cognate tumor cells and we have extended this approach to hpv16. neoplastic transformation by papillo ...19911847269
characterization of murine polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies generated against intact and denatured human papillomavirus type 1 virions.human papillomavirus type 1 (hpv1) virions, both as intact virion particles (ivp) and as detergent-denatured virions (ddv), were used to prepare polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in balb/c mice. anti-ivp antiserum contained type-specific hpv1 l2-reactive antibodies and no detectable hpv1 l1-reactive antibodies. anti-ivp mabs recognized a linear epitope between l2 amino acids 102 and 108 (pidvvdp). anti-ddv antiserum contained type-specific hpv1 l1-reactive and hpv1 l2-reactive ...19911847474
human papillomavirus and cervical cancer: risk to male partner. 19911847486
influence of chromosomal integration on glucocorticoid-regulated transcription of growth-stimulating papillomavirus genes e6 and e7 in cervical carcinoma cells.in most cervical carcinoma cells the e6 and e7 genes of specific human papillomaviruses are transcribed from viral sequences integrated into host cell chromosomes. glucocorticoids activate the promoter elements of various human papillomaviruses in transient-expression assays. we have analyzed the effect of dexamethasone on the transcription rate of human papillomavirus 18 e6 and e7 genes integrated at different chromosomal sites in four cervical cancer cell lines. dexamethasone led to an increas ...19911847520
expression of anionic glutathione s transferase (gst pi) gene in carcinomas of the uterine cervix and in normal cervices.the aim of the present study was to analyse in invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix, the anionic glutathione s transferase (gst pi) gene, possibly implicated in the drug resistance of human cancers. total rna preparations obtained from invasive cervical cancers (106 specimens), carcinomas in situ (cis) (three specimens) and normal cervical epitheliums (24 specimens) were analysed by northern and slot blot hybridisation. a 0.7 kb gst pi transcript band was detected in all the cervical specim ...19911847644
interphase cytogenetics using biotin and digoxigenin labelled probes: iii. increased sensitivity and flexibility for detecting hpv in cervical biopsy specimens and cell lines.a monoclonal antibody to digoxin enabled sandwich techniques to be used for the detection of hybridised digoxigenin labelled probes in cultured cells and paraffin wax sections. this system has greater flexibility than alkaline phosphatase conjugated polyclonal antidigoxigenin antibody and permits the use of alternative detector enzymes, such as horseradish peroxidase and fluorescence labels. the apaap detection system that does not require the use of biotin can also be used in situations where e ...19911847709
[transforming activity of human papillomavirus 16 dna].a hpv16dna integrated in a human cancer cell line of the uterine cervix (qg-u) was isolated and cloned. three kinds of cells (mouse balb/3t3, detroit 551 and human keratinocyte) were co-transfected with hpv16dna and neo dna with calcium phosphate co-precipitates. selection of the transformants and their characteristics were examined. transformants of mouse balb/3t3 cells were able to be obtained about 2 weeks after co-transfection. hpv16dna was integrated in the transformants. the most character ...19911847712
oligonucleotide primers for dna amplification of the early regions 1, 6, and 7 from human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33.human papillomavirus (hpv) type-specific sequences required for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) mediated amplification of hpv dna sequences are presented. one primer pair within the e1 open reading frame (orf) was shared by hpv 6, hpv 11, hpv 16, and hpv 31, whereas the other primer pair within the e1 orf was specific for hpv 16. eight primer pairs from the e6 and e7 orfs specifically detected hpv 6, hpv 16, hpv 18, and hpv 33 sequences. this system has been used for detection of hpv dna in biop ...19911848065
possible etiologic heterogeneity of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. a correlation of pathologic characteristics with human papillomavirus detection by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction.a correlated histopathologic and molecular virologic study of 30 cases of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (vin 3) and six associated invasive vulvar carcinomas was performed. paraffin sections were examined for human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 by in situ hybridization for viral transcripts and by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for amplification of hpv and of the beta-globin gene. vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 was histologically subclassified into warty (bow ...19911848155
the presence of human papillomavirus type 16 in squamous cell carcinoma of the proximal finger and reconstruction with a bilobed transposition flap.in a 71 year old white female a clinically diagnosed keratoacanthoma on the dorsum of the right third finger was removed using mohs micrographic surgery and histologically diagnosed as a squamous cell carcinoma. it was shown by dot blot hybridization to have hpv type 16 dna in the tumor. the wound was reconstructed with a bilobed transposition flap.19911848248
epidermal growth factor (egf) elicits down-regulation of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e6/e7 mrna at the transcriptional level in an egf-stimulated human keratinocyte cell line: functional role of egf-responsive silencer in the hpv-16 long control region.we have found that epidermal growth factor (egf) elicits negative regulation of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e6/e7 at the mrna level in the hpv-16-immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (phk160b). this down-regulation of hpv-16 e6/e7 expression was achieved when the cells were stimulated to proliferate with the concomitantly enhanced c-myc expression by egf in a dose-dependent manner. by using partly synchronized phk160b cells, negative and positive regulations of the hpv-16 e6/e7 ex ...19911848315
a negative regulatory element in the human papillomavirus type 16 genome acts at the level of late mrna stability.a negative regulatory element present in the human papillomavirus type 16 genome has been characterized. deletion analysis has localized the 5' end of the element to the late region of the genome at the extreme 3' end of the coding region of the l1 open reading frame, around the l1 stop codon, with the element extending into the l1 3' untranslated region. for the cell lines used, the element's function was independent of cell type, tissue, or species of origin, unlike papillomavirus infection, w ...19911848319
risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with glomerulonephritis.to investigate the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with glomerulonephritis and its possible association with immunosuppressive treatment.19911848453
detection of hpv dna in neoplastic and non-neoplastic cervical specimens from pakistan and japan by non-isotopic in situ hybridization.in order to determine the prevalence and type-specific distribution of human papillomavirus (hpv) in women from pakistan, a country with a low cervical cancer rate (hospital-based data), and to compare these results with their counter-parts in japan, we studied 56 non-neoplastic cervical tissues and 162 cervical carcinoma cases from both countries. hpv infection was defined by in situ hybridization in paraffin-embedded tissues using biotinylated hpv 6/11, 16 and 18 probes. the overall positivity ...19911848535
human papillomavirus types 16 and 33, herpes simplex virus type 2 and other risk factors for cervical cancer in sichuan province, china.cancer of the cervix is relatively common in china, but has been investigated epidemiologically in only a few studies. in the hospital-based case-control study reported here, we investigated the role of various lifestyle and dietary factors, as well as infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 33 and herpes simplex virus type 2 in the aetiology of invasive cervical cancer. the study was conducted in sichuan province, and involved 101 cases with histologically-confirmed cervical canc ...19911848537
expression of the human papillomavirus e7 oncogene during cell transformation is sufficient to induce susceptibility to lysis by activated macrophages.human papillomaviruses (hpv), and in particular hpv type 16, are etiologic agents in the development of cervical cancer, which is the second most common form of cancer in women worldwide. mammalian cells are susceptible to transformation in vitro by the e6 and e7 oncogenes derived from the hpv-16 genome. nih-3t3 cells transfected with the hpv-16 e7 oncogene were found to exhibit cytolytic susceptibility to murine-activated macrophages. in comparison, e6 oncogene-expressing cells were not suscept ...19911848576
relative enhancer activity and transforming potential of authentic human papillomavirus type 6 genomes from benign and malignant lesions.human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv-6) is predominantly associated with benign genital warts whereas hpv-16 and hpv-18 are detected predominantly in carcinomas of the lower genital tract; hpv-6 is found rarely in such carcinomas. experiments were designed to discriminate between two hypotheses concerning the role of hpv-6 in the genesis of a genital tract carcinoma: (i) the hpv-6 in the carcinoma (hpv6-t70) differs genetically from hpv-6 in a benign lesion (hpv6-w50), giving hpv6-t70 properties sim ...19911848589
human papillomavirus type 6 and 11 e4 gene products in condyloma acuminata.the human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv-6) e4 gene was expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with e. coli beta-galactosidase (e4-beta-gal), and rabbit antibody against the e4-beta-gal was prepared. by western blotting with this antibody, we detected e4 gene products in six out of 18 condyloma acuminata specimens. in four specimens (c-1, c-13, c-14 and c-19), the e4 protein was found as a 10k/11k doublet, but in other specimens (c-8 and c-23), only the 11k protein was detected. by southe ...19911848605
high prevalence of human papillomavirus in prostate tissues.specific human papillomavirus (hpv) types are associated with benign and malignant lesions of the anogenital region including the prostate gland. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of type-specific hpv sequences, we have assessed the prevalence of hpv dna in prostate tissue from 88 individuals. amplified sequences specific for hpv 16 were found in 34 of 56 benign prostatic hyperplasias and in 14 of 27 prostatic carcinomas. in contrast, hpv 18 was identified in only three benign ...19911848641
human papillomavirus type 1-associated squamous cell carcinoma in a heart transplant recipient.the occurrence of squamous cell carcinomas in organ transplant recipients with warts represents a good model to study viral carcinogenesis. most of the cases were reported in renal transplant recipients. we present the case of a heart transplant recipient in whom multiple common warts, preepitheliomatous keratoses, and squamous cell carcinomas developed. the warts began 4 years after the transplantation and the first carcinoma occurred 2 years after the warts, all the lesions being on sun-expose ...19911848746
prevalence of human papillomavirus genomes in tissues from the lower genital tract as detected by molecular in situ hybridization.incidence cases of human papillomavirus (hpv)-related disease of the lower anogenital tract were prospectively collected and submitted to rna-dna in situ hybridization, which allows a direct correlation between morphology and the presence of viral dna. the overall hpv detection rate in condylomata and intraepithelial or invasive neoplasia varied for the different genital areas: cervix (64%), vagina (56%), vestibule (59%), vulva (50%), and penis (42%). hpvs 6/11 were associated with condylomata, ...19911848832
subclinical manifestations of vulvar human papillomavirus infection.we studied the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna by in situ hybridization in 74 colposcopically defined subclinical vulvar lesions obtained from 51 patients (mean age 25 years, range 18-42 years) referred for atypical papanicolaou smears to the colposcopy clinic. serial sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy tissue were stained by routine hematoxylin and eosin stain or were separately hybridized with biotin-labeled probes of hpv types 6, 11, 16, and 18 at high stringency a ...19911848833
demonstration of low frequency of human papillomavirus dna in cervical adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma in situ by the polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization.there is evidence that cervical adenocarcinoma is increasing in incidence, particularly in young women. in order to assess the possible role of human papillomaviruses in cervical glandular oncogenesis, 16 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma and eight cases of adenocarcinoma in situ have been examined by in situ dna hybridization using biotinylated probes to human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 31, and assessed by polymerase chain reaction analysis for human papillomavirus types 11, 16, and ...19911848834
evidence of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in vulvar squamous papillomatosis.squamous papillae of the vulva represent a controversial lesion. forty-six women with histologically confirmed vulvar squamous papillae and koilocytosis were studied at chang gung memorial hospital. vulvar washings were analyzed by the filter in-situ technique using biotin-labeled probes for typing human papillomavirus dna. forty of 46 women (87%) were symptomatic. human papillomavirus (hpv) dna was detected in 76% (35 of 46) of women, including type 6/11 in 21.7%, type 16/18/31/33 in 45.6%, and ...19911848835
bowenoid papulosis.bowenoid papulosis is an uncommon genital dysplasia induced by human papillomavirus infection. clinically, it usually resembles persistent warts, but histologically it may be suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma in situ. this unusual disorder and recent advances in our understanding of it are reviewed.19911848870
polymerase chain reaction identification of human papillomavirus dna in co2 laser plume from recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.human papillomavirus (hpv) dna was identified in the plume produced during co2 laser vaporization of respiratory tract papillomata. the plume produced from co2 vaporization was collected on gelfoam pledgets that were affixed to suction tips evacuating the vapor plume from the operative field. the gelfoam pledgets were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, processed, and examined for hpv-6 and hpv-11 dna by a polymerase chain reaction technique. tissue and vapor-plume specimens were collected from 22 p ...19911848926
[virologic diagnosis of papillomavirus infections].human papillomavirus are strictly epitheliotropic and host-specific. currently, 57 different types based on deoxyribonucleic acid sequence rather than serology have been identified. some papillomavirus types infect the skin, while others infect the oral or genital mucous membranes. human papillomavirus type 16 is often associated with invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix and of their intra-epithelial precursors. recent data on viral pathogenesis suggest that the protein encoded by the e7 ge ...19911848948
chromosomal characterizations of human nasal and nasopharyngeal cells immortalized by human papillomavirus type 16 dna.cell lines nw-1 and npc-n were established by transfection of human nasal and nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, respectively, with human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) dna. additional treatment of npc-n cells with mitomycin c gave rise to the cell line npc-n-m. chromosomal analysis showed that 40-47% of nw-1, npc-n, and npc-n-m cells had a near-tetraploid number of chromosomes and several chromosomal abnormalities. these cells showed evidence of gene amplification in the form of double minutes ( ...19911849038
subclinical vulvar papillomavirus infection.eighty-eight cases of subclinical human papillomavirus (hpv) vulvar infection were detected in a consecutive colposcopic series of 968 women. three patterns of acetowhite lesions had a 72% predictive value (88/122) for histologically assessed hpv. the prevalence of subclinical vulvar hpv in self-referred patients was 7.9% (73/918); it was 9% (88/968) in the overall series and significantly higher in younger patients (age less than 25 years: 21/106, or 19.8%) or in those with cervical hpv or cerv ...19911849176
human papillomavirus screening for women with atypical papanicolaou smears.a study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna screening and colposcopy in the management of women whose papanicolaou smears demonstrated atypia less than dysplasia. fifty patients whose initial papanicolaou smears were interpreted as showing atypia less than dysplasia were evaluated for the presence of hpv 16 dna in exfoliated cervicovaginal cells and for histologic findings on biopsy. those 50 patients were compared to two groups of patients: one consisting of ...19911849177
amino acid sequence homology of epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen-2 to adenovirus e1a, human papilloma virus-16 e7 and sv40 large t antigen in the functional domains for growth transformation. 19911849247
establishment and characterization of a new cell line tc-yik originating from argyrophil small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix integrating hpv16 dna.a new cell line, designated tc-yik, was established from yik-1 tumor cells, derived from argyrophil small cell carcinoma (ascc) of the uterine cervix, and serially heterotransplanted into nude mice, integrating human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) dna. the population doubling time of tc-yik was approximately 21.6 hours at the 119th subculture. subcutaneous injection of 1 x 10(8) tc-yik cells into nude mice yielded a solid tumor. the cytologic appearance of tc-yik was similar to that of yik-1. th ...19911849445
[immunohistochemical study on hpv 16 e7 product in severe dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. 19911849544
from papanicolaou to bethesda: the rationale for a new cervical cytologic classification.the bethesda system for reporting cervical/vaginal diagnoses was introduced to replace the numerical papanicolaou class designations, thereby facilitating precise communication between cytopathologist and clinician. the terminology for squamous epithelial lesions includes the following categories: 1) atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; 2) squamous intraepithelial lesion (sil), which encompasses the spectrum of squamous cell carcinoma precursors, divided into low-grade sil (huma ...19911849626
human papillomavirus segregation patterns in genital and nongenital warts in prepubertal children and adults.this study compared the segregation patterns of human papillomavirus (hpv) in genital and nongenital warts in prepubertal children and adults. hpv 2 was detected in most nongenital warts in children and adults, whereas neither hpv 6 or 11 was detected at nongenital sites in either group with the use of in situ or southern blot hybridization analyses. of nine genital tract lesions in children. hpv 2 was detected in two and hpv 6 or 11 in six. more than 90% of cases of regional tract condylomata i ...19911849698
detection of human papillomavirus dna on routine papanicolaou's smears by in situ hybridization with the use of biotinylated probes.specific human papillomavirus (hpv) types have been implicated as playing a major role in the development of cervical neoplasias. hpv dna types usually have been identified by nucleic acid hybridization assays with the use of radiolabeled probes. these techniques are sensitive and specific but are not suitable for large-scale clinical use. to detect specific hpv dnas simply and rapidly, in situ hybridization (ish) with the use of biotinylated hpv dna 6/11 and 16/18 probes was done on destained p ...19911849699
identification of human papillomavirus dna sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to amplify and identify the presence of the dna of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of women with and without urogenital hpv infections. hpv dna of various types was found in pbmcs of 13 of 25 (52.0%) patients with urogenital hpv infections and in none of the 19 control subjects who are free of urogenital hpv infections. the presence of hpv dna in pbmcs may impair the immunologic functions of ...19911849701
cervical papillomavirus infection and cervical dysplasia in hispanic, native american, and non-hispanic white women in new mexico.human papillomavirus infections of the cervix are found with varying frequencies in different populations worldwide, and have been associated with cervical cytologic abnormalities.19911849706
the use of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of human papillomavirus type 13.human papillomavirus type 13 (hpv-13) is associated with oral focal epithelial hyperplasia (feh). the purpose of this study was to establish conditions for the application of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to the specific detection and amplification of hpv-13 dna. to design primers for hpv-13 a part of the hpv-13 genome was sequenced first: the smallest bamhi fragment (597 bp) of hpv-13 was subcloned and sequenced. the sequence was found to be part of a large open reading frame and had signific ...19911849917
presence and distribution of human papillomavirus sense and antisense rna transcripts in genital cancers.rna transcription in eight human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16-positive genital carcinomas and in two cervical squamous cell carcinoma (scc)-derived cell lines was analysed by in situ hybridization using 125i-labelled subgenomic riboprobes. transcripts corresponding to the e6 and e7 open reading frames were always present, except within the keratinizing layers of differentiated sccs. intranuclear e1 gene transcripts were detectable in both cell lines and some tumours whereas e2/e4 transcripts wer ...19911849971
typing and molecular characterization of human papillomaviruses in genital warts from south african women.condyloma acuminata from 12 women were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus dna. six of the women had hpv 6a, two had hpv 11a, one had a new hpv 6 subtype, and one a new hpv 11 subtype. the new hpv 6 subtype could be distinguished from other hpv 6 subtypes on the basis of pst i fragments as well as hind ii fragments. the new hpv 11 subtype had a different hpa ii restriction endonuclease pattern. restriction maps of both new subtypes were constructed. two of the biopsies did not cont ...19911849982
amplification of human papillomavirus genomes in vitro is dependent on epithelial differentiation.human papillomaviruses (hpvs) infect squamous epithelium and establish their genomes as episomes in proliferating basal cells. as infected cells differentiate, the viral dna is amplified to high copy number and infectious virus is produced. viral production has not yet been observed in vitro due to the inability of standard culture methods to duplicate most stages of epithelial differentiation. in this study, we have examined a cell line derived from a low-grade cervical lesion and found that it ...19911850010
the viral transcriptional regulatory region upstream of the e6 and e7 genes is a major determinant of the differential immortalization activities of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18.the human papillomavirus types 16 (hpv-16) and 18 (hpv-18) can immortalize primary human keratinocytes. the region of the viral genome responsible for this function maps to the e6 and e7 genes and their respective upstream transcriptional regulatory sequences, the long control regions (lcrs). the hpv-18 lcr/e6/e7 is more efficient in this immortalization function than the analogous region of the hpv-16 genome, resembling the difference in the immortalization potentials of the two full-length vir ...19911850048
a direct comparison of methods proposed for use in widespread screening of human papillomavirus infections.we obtained cervical swabs from 397 women participating in a human papillomavirus (hpv) prevalence study. samples were assayed for hpv infection using virapap expanded cocktail (detecting hpv types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52 and 56), viratype and pcr amplifications. consensus primers from the l1 region were used with generic and type-specific oligonucleotide probes. additionally, the generic amplifications were analysed with a novel restriction digest scheme. samples posit ...19911850116
genital human papilloma virus infection in males. a clinico-pathologic study.from march 1987 to december 1988, 402 male sexual partners of 317 women with human papilloma virus (hpv) infection of the lower genital tract and 85 with hpv-associated cervical and/or vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (cin and/or vin) were submitted to clinical examination and peniscopy. the latter was performed at a 6-15 x magnification after a 3 min exposure to 5% acetic acid solution. visible lesions were biopsied. thirty-one patients had clinical evidence of hpv infection in the glans, penil ...19911850179
focal epithelial hyperplasia (heck's disease): the first reported case from italy.a case of focal epithelial hyperplasia (heck's disease) of the oral mucosa observed for the first time in italy is reported. the patient was of italian extraction. the lesions, represented by soft nodules, were multiple and located on the vestibular and labial mucosa. biopsy tissues were studied for the presence of human papilloma virus (hpv) by electron microscopy, in situ hybridization and immunoperoxidase staining to hpv group antigens. no viral particles consistent with hpv were found in the ...19911850180
the detection of human papillomavirus in oesophageal lesions.the polymerase chain reaction, with nested degenerate primers which amplify a specific fragment of the l1 gene of wide range of human papillomaviruses, was used to determine whether hpv dna was present in biopsies from various oesophageal lesions. ten out of 14 (71%) patients with oesophageal carcinoma were positive for hpv dna either in the tumour biopsies (6/14) or in adjacent tissue (6/9). hpv dna was detected in 6 of the 41 biopsies (15%) from patients without oesophageal malignancy. three o ...19911850217
human papillomavirus detection in adenocarcinoma of the anus.human papillomavirus (hpv) is associated with carcinoma of the cervix but not with carcinoma of the endometrium. hpv 16 is the type most commonly detected in squamous cell carcinomas from this site, whereas hpv 18 predominates in adenocarcinomas. we analyzed eight anal carcinomas for hpv dna using the polymerase chain reaction and type-specific (open reading frame e6) primers for hpv 16, 18, 31, and 35. hpv dna sequences were amplified in two of six anal adenocarcinomas and, in each case, the ty ...19911850518
comparison of peroxidase-labeled dna probes with radioactive rna probes for detection of human papillomaviruses by in situ hybridization in paraffin sections.a study comparing in situ hybridization using nonradioactive dna probes directly conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (hrp), and 35s-labeled antisense rna probes for human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6/11, 16, and 18 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 34 lesions of the cervix and vulva. these lesions included exophytic condylomas and intraepithelial and invasive neoplasms. hpv 6/11 was detected in two of four condylomata acuminata by both in situ techniques. hpv 16 w ...19911850519
in situ dna hybridization of cervical small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma using biotin-labeled human papillomavirus probes.a preferential association of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 18 with cervical small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma has been identified by in situ and blot hybridization analysis using radionucleotide-labeled dna and rna probes. we attempted to detect hpv dna in nine cases each of invasive cervical small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma using biotin-labeled probes to hpv types 6/11, 16/31/33/35, and 18 with a peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin detection system. hpv type 18 dna was detected w ...19911850520
evidence against a role for human papillomavirus in colon neoplasms. 19911850592
failure to detect human papillomavirus sequences at the 3p21 rearrangement site in pleomorphic adenomas.eighteen salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas, including nine with a t(3;8)(p21;q12) as the sole chromosome abnormality, were tested for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna and for rearrangements of the cellular flanking regions of a hpv 16 integration site mapping to 3p21, as previously described in a cervical carcinoma. in none of the tumors could evidence for either hpv dna or related sequences, or a rearranged allele of the integration site, be found.19911850657
human papillomavirus infection among hiv-infected individuals. implications for development of malignant tumors.human papillomavirus (hpv) infection has been strongly associated with development of anogenital squamous cell cancer. cell-mediated immunity likely plays an important role in prevention of hpv-associated disease, and hpv-associated squamous cell cancer has been shown to occur with increased frequency among iatrogenically immunosuppressed individuals. similarly, individuals with hiv-associated immunodeficiency have been shown to have a high prevalence of anogenital hpv infection as well as a hig ...19911850727
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