Publications

failure of etretinate in epidermodysplasia verruciformis.	in a patient suffering from benign lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis due to human papillomavirus type 5 little clinical improvement could be observed after 6 months of oral etretinate. the drug was given 75 mg/day for 1 month before dosage was reduced to 50 mg/day. control biopsy after 3 months of treatment still revealed large quantities of virions and typical cytopathic effects in light and electron microscopic examination.	1986	3792602
systemic treatment of condylomata acuminata with recombinant interferon-alpha-2a: low-dose superior to the high-dose regimen.	fourteen patients with chronic genital warts were entered in a pair-matched crossover trial of recombinant interferon-alpha-2a. they received daily doses of either 1.5 x 10(6) u or 18 x 10(6) u interferon for one week by the subcutaneous route (abdominal skin). after an observation period of 4 weeks in case of no change or partial response, patients of the low-dose group were given 18 x 10(6) u and those of the high-dose group 3 x 10(6) u daily for another 7 days. eight of 14 patients had a comp ...	1986	3802956
human papillomavirus and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia as sexually transmitted diseases.		1986	3037666
treatment of recurrent squamous papillomata of the conjunctiva by carbon dioxide laser vaporization.	complete resection of recurrent conjunctival squamous papillomata frequently may be exceedingly difficult, since such lesions are typically friable and multilobulated. recurrent lesions often fill the fornicies and spill onto the lid margins. moreover, since the human papillomavirus (hpv) has been linked to some of these lesions, there remains the further possibility of spread with "cold knife" resection. we discuss the benefits of carbon dioxide laser vaporization therapy for recurrent squamous ...	1986	3093950
epidemiologic aspects of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (l-l 1922) in japan.	a survey of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev), a skin disease caused by human papillomavirus (hpv), was made by means of a questionnaire sent to 92 university hospitals. replies were obtained from 68 hospitals (74% recovery) reporting 66 patients. fewer patients were reported from north-eastern japan than from south-western japan. many ev patients were from families of consanguineous marriages (44%), showing a high incidence of intra-familial onset after consanguineous marriages. the complica ...	1986	3095286
human papillomavirus 25-related dna in solitary keratoacanthoma.	solitary keratoacanthomas of 32 patients were screened for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) 25 dna, which was originally isolated and molecularly cloned from warts of an epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev) patient. biotinylated virus dna was hybridized in situ to thin sections obtained from paraffin-embedded material. hpv dna was detected in 12 of 32 tumors under stringent conditions, and in 2 additional tumors under relaxed conditions.	1986	3032117
the association between vulvar condylomata acuminata, cervical wart virus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	vulvar condylomata acuminata are the commonest clinical expression of human papilloma virus infection of the female genital tract. various epidemiological factors were examined in a group of patients with vulvar warts in whom the incidence of biopsy proven human papilloma virus infection of the cervix was 39.7% and the incidence of biopsy proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was increased significantly (16.2%).	1986	3464255
squamous papilloma of the esophagus diagnosed by cytology. report of a case with concurrent occult epidermoid carcinoma.	esophageal material for cytologic smears was obtained by the gel-foam technique from an 84-year-old man with dysphagia and symptoms of obstruction in whom initial attempts at endoscopic biopsy were nondiagnostic. the smears contained cells with koilocytotic atypia, similar to those described in smears from uterine cervix lesions produced by human papilloma virus. the cytologic diagnosis of an esophageal papilloma of viral origin was confirmed by the second biopsy. a third biopsy, from a lower le ...	1986	3465138
colposcopy.	colposcopy was introduced to canadian medical practice in the late 1960s and its use has only recently become widespread. until the advent of colposcopy, most women with abnormal pap smears had a cone biopsy of the cervix with all its attendant problems. the colposcope has completely changed the management of an abnormal pap smear with respect to diagnosis and has had a remarkable influence on treatment. cryosurgery and carbon dioxide laser surgery were introduced as out-patient treatments for p ...	1987	21263978
laryngeal papilloma cells in culture have an altered cytoskeleton.	we have investigated the effect of human papillomavirus (hpv) transformation on cellular cytoarchitecture. cells from laryngeal papillomas and normal epithelium were cultured in vitro. cytoskeletal components of both types of cells were visualized by immunofluorescence, to determine whether there were any differences in the structure or distribution of the cytoskeleton. there was no significant change in microtubules. two major components of the cytoskeleton, the intermediate filaments and the m ...	1987	21449663
langerhans cells in epidermodysplasia verruciformis.	t cell defect and energy to contact sensitizers are characteristic of the depressed cell-mediated immunity in epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev). in this disease the generalized infection with human papilloma viruses is associated with a high risk of skin cancers. langerhans cell density was studied quantitatively in lesions and noninvolved epidermis of ev using okt6 and anti-hla-dr monoclonal antibodies with indirect immunofluorescence technique. no significant changes were found in apparentl ...	1987	3495461
cytogenetic study of a cell line of human penile cancer.	a cell line of penile cancer from a 60-year-old ugandan black patient has been studied by the authors. transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed a large number of blebs and microvilli at cell surface; desmosomes were evident at tem. cytogenetic investigation (r-, c-, nor-banding) showed the frequent presence of some markers: del(1p),del(1q),iso(3q),der(4),del(8p),11q+, t rob(13;14), 14p+, t rob(21;21). the epidemiology, geographical distribution, and aetiological role of human papillo ...	1987	3499854
epidermodysplasia verruciformis: langerhans cells, immunologic effect of retinoid treatment and cytogenetics.	a case study is presented of a 44-year-old negroid male with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev), cutaneous carcinomas, and impaired cell-mediated immunity (cmi), infected with human papillomavirus type 8 and 17. analysis was made of (a) t6+ and hla-dr+ langerhans cells (lcs) by immunoperoxidase staining in lesional and clinically normal skin before and during retinoid treatment, (b) the effect of retinoid treatment on cmi in vivo and in vitro, and (c) cytogenetic aspects related to chromosomal ...	1987	3499869
conservation of e6 and e7 regions of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 present in cervical cancers.	the e6 and e7 regions of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 were present in the dna samples from cervical cancer cell lines, skg-iiia and skg-iiib, and those from cervical cancer tissues of three different patients. t601 cells, an nih3t3 transformant obtained by transfection of dna from a surgical specimen of a cervical cancer, also contained the e6 and e7 regions. the e6 region of hpv type 16 was expressed as mrna in skg-iiia, skg-iiib and t601 cells. the e6 and e7 regions of hpv type 18 were p ...	1987	3032185
detection of human papilloma virus infection in routine papanicolaou-stained cervical smears.	women at reproductive age were investigated cytologically for the presence of koilocytes in cervical scrapings to study the frequency of human papilloma virus infections. out of 2275 cervical smears, 51 (2.24%) revealed koilocytes. koilocytes were more frequently associated with dysplasia and neoplasia than inflammation and negative smears. higher frequency of hpv infection was observed in hindu women as compared to muslims. blood stained or white discharge per vaginum is the commonest presentin ...	1987	3032633
human papillomavirus (hpv) infections involved in the neoplastic process of the uterine cervix as established by prospective follow-up of 513 women for two years.	a total of 513 women with cervical hpv infections have been followed-up since 1981 (mean 25.6 months) to establish the biological potential of hpv in cervical carcinogenesis. on each attendance, the patients were subjected to colposcopy accompanied by papanicolaou (pap) smears and/or punch biopsies. the latter were analysed for hpv particles on tem, for the cytopathic changes of hpv, as well as for hpv structural proteins. the local immunocompetent cell (icc) infiltrates are enumerated using ana ...	1987	3032634
nuclear dna analysis of koilocytic and premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix.	cervical biopsy samples were taken from 79 patients who had various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or who showed evidence, in the form of koilocytosis, of human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix and from 10 women with normal cervices. the dna content of the cells in the samples was analysed by flow cytometry. analysis of the data obtained showed that the biopsy samples from women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus lesions contained signifi ...	1987	3101837
human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix of women without cytological signs of neoplasia.		1987	3105638
absence of langerhans cells in oral hairy leukoplakia, an aids-associated lesion.	oral hairy leukoplakia (hl) is a recently described manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in which epstein-barr virus (ebv) has been shown to replicate. to seek evidence for a local defect in mucosal immunity, we assessed the presence of epithelial langerhans cells (lc) in these lesions and in autologous nonlesional mucosa. we used monoclonal antibodies against hla-dr, hla-dq, and t6 antigens to identify lc in biopsy specimens of hl from 23 homosexual men. in all lesion s ...	1987	3110300
condyloma acuminatum: epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects.	condyloma acuminatum, ca or genital warts, are benign fibro-epithelial tumors with a predilection for moist environments, especially mucosal surfaces. this sexually transmitted disease (std) is increasing rapidly in incidence. the lesions are associated with a number of human papillomavirus (hpv) types. some hpv types are closely linked with genital (especially cervical) dysplasia and neoplasia. treatment consists of such traditional modalities as podophyllin, cryotherapy or surgical excision an ...	1987	3308509
dysplastic epidermal change in immunosuppressed patients with renal transplants.	the prevalence of non-melanoma skin cancer has been studied in a group of 85 patients who have undergone renal transplantation. we also investigated the relationship between the development of neoplastic lesions and the duration of immunosuppression, previous sun exposure and infection with human papilloma virus. the overall prevalence of neoplastic and pre-neoplastic epidermal lesions in the group was 25 per cent, higher than that previously reported in studies from the united kingdom. in patie ...	1987	3313494
optimum treatment of genital warts.	genital warts (condylomata acuminata) must be treated and controlled carefully because of their frequent relapses and the risk of malignancy. treatment is by destruction of the lesions. the most frequently used treatment for external warts is podophyllin 20% in ethanol which is applied to the affected area and then carefully washed off after 4 to 6 hours. the effectiveness of this method of treatment varies between 20 and 98%, with the warts generally disappearing in 3 to 4 days. if podophyllin ...	1987	3319492
in situ hybridization: alkaline phosphatase visualization of biotinylated probes in cryostat and paraffin sections.	alkaline phosphatase immunochemical systems were evaluated for use in the demonstration of in situ hybridized biotin-labelled probes in frozen and fixed sections of tonsil. three probes were used: total genomic dna, phy2.1, a human repetitive sequence which hybridizes to a 2.12 kb sequence on the y chromosome (2000 repeats) and a 2.0 kb sequence on the autosomes (100-200 repeats), and human papilloma virus type ii. indirect, three- and five-stage detection methods were compared on cryostat secti ...	1987	3326863
epidemiology and control of sexually transmitted diseases: strategic evolution.	during the past 10 years, the field of sexually transmitted diseases has evolved from one emphasizing the traditional venereal diseases of gonorrhea and syphilis, to one concerned with the syndromes associated with chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus, and human papillomavirus, and then to one preoccupied with the fatal systemic infections caused by human immunodeficiency virus.	1987	3332779
human papillomavirus type 13 and focal epithelial hyperplasia of the oral mucosa: dna hybridization on paraffin-embedded specimens.	16 cases of focal epithelial hyperplasia (heck's disease) were studied for the presence of human papillomavirus dna by means of nucleic acid hybridization. hybridization was carried out in situ with biotin-labelled probes of hpv 1, 6, 11, 13, 16, and 18 dna under stringent and non-stringent conditions. under non-stringent conditions, 6 of 16 cases (38%) hybridized to a mixture of hpv 1, 6, 11, 16, and 18 dna. when these probes were applied under stringent conditions, only one case could be shown ...	1987	3037771
a new type of papillomavirus associated with cancer of the uterine cervix.	a new human papillomavirus (hpv) type was detected by low-stringency southern blot hybridization analysis of dna from an endocervical adenocarcinoma. the genomic dna of the virus, which was obtained as two bamhi fragments of 3.75 and 4.1 kb, was molecularly cloned into lambda l47 and subsequently subcloned into pbr322 for further characterization. hybridization studies demonstrated that these viral dna isolates were only distantly related to other hpv and thus represented a new type of hpv, call ...	1987	3037779
detection of human papillomavirus in cervical smears. a comparison of in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and cytopathology.	a comparison of different methods for the detection of cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infection was made on patients attending the cervical dysplasia clinic. cytomorphology, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization were compared for their ability to detect hpv. separate cervicovaginal smears from 50 patients were tested for hpv types 6/11, 16 and 18 by in situ hybridization using 35s-labeled dna probes. duplicate smears from the same patients were papanicolaou stained and evaluated for ...	1987	3037829
an amplification unit in human melanoma cells showing partial homology with sequences of human papillomavirus type 9 and with nuclear antigen 1 of the epstein-barr virus.	by partial homology with the dna of human papillomavirus type 9 a cellular amplification unit was detected which is amplified in melanoma cells but not in epstein-barr virus-transformed b cells of two melanoma patients. a 2.4-kilobase ecori fragment of this amplification unit was cloned and designated mel/hpv9. at the chromosomal level we detected mel/hpv9 in homogeneously staining regions or in abnormally banded regions containing different marker chromosomes of both melanoma cell lines. dna se ...	1987	3038312
dna hybridization of cervical tissues.	the increasing frequency of cervical neoplasia among younger women and the increased invasiveness of these tumors has led to a considerable growth in research into this disease. conventional methods (epidemiology, cytology, and immunology), while being extremely useful, also have significant limitations. recent advances in techniques for the manipulation of dna now make it possible to analyze tissues for the presence of viral genomes. this review introduces these techniques and describes their a ...	1987	3038468
characterization of a cell type-specific enhancer found in the human papilloma virus type 18 genome.	we have previously isolated long-range acting enhancer elements from the hela genome by functional selection. in this report, the structural and functional characteristics of one (ga1) of the enhancers are reported. by cloning various restriction fragments and by deletion mutagenesis, the activity of ga1 was located in a 230-bp region. the nucleotide sequence of ga1 and genomic southern blot analysis indicated that ga1 is derived from human papilloma virus (hpv) 18 dna that had been integrated i ...	1987	3038518
human papillomavirus type 16 dna cooperates with activated ras in transforming primary cells.	the close association of human papillomavirus type 16 dna with a majority of cervical carcinomas implies some role for the virus in this type of cancer. to define the transforming properties of hpv-16 dna in vitro we have now performed transfection experiments on baby rat kidney cells using hpv-16 dna in conjunction with an activated ras gene. we have demonstrated that a 6.6-kb dna fragment, containing the early genes of hpv-16 under the control of moloney murine leukaemia virus long terminal re ...	1987	3038534
[retrospective histological analysis of cervical intraepithelial carcinogenesis in relation to human papilloma virus infection].		1987	3038702
dna sequences of human papillomavirus types 11, 16 or 18 in invasive cervical carcinoma of western australian women.	the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 11, 16 and 18 in 77 biopsies of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (dysplasia) and carcinoma of the uterine cervix of a sample of women from western australia was examined using "southern" blot hybridisation. hpv-dna was found in 17 of the 23 dysplasias and 43 of the 54 invasive carcinomas examined but not in the 5 biopsies obtained from areas assessed as normal by colposcopy and histology. five of 11 biopsies of mild to moderate dysplasias contai ...	1987	3038735
increased prevalence of human papillomaviruses in the lower genital tract of pregnant women.	in order to evaluate the influence of pregnancy on the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) in the lower female genital tract, cervical smears of 92 pregnant and 96 non-pregnant women, matched by age, were examined for the presence of hpv-dna by means of southern blot hybridization. all patients had negative pap smears. twenty-six (28%) of the pregnant women and 12 (12.5%) of the non-pregnant women were positive for hpv. hpv 16 accounted for 42% of all positive pregnant cases and only 25% of t ...	1987	3038757
the nucleotide sequence and genome organization of bovine papillomavirus type 4.	the nucleotide sequence of bovine papillomavirus type 4 (bpv-4) was determined. the viral genome is 7261 base pairs long. several overlapping open reading frames (orfs) have been identified both on the basis of amino acid comparison with other papillomaviruses and on their transcriptional pattern. eight early orfs (e1 to 8) were recognized, coding for dna replication and cell transformation functions, and three late orfs (l1 to 3), coding for structural proteins. like the e5 orf of human papillo ...	1987	3039043
nucleotide sequence and comparative analysis of the human papillomavirus type 18 genome. phylogeny of papillomaviruses and repeated structure of the e6 and e7 gene products.	the complete nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of human papillomavirus type 18, associated with cervical cancer, has been established. a detailed comparative analysis was undertaken leading to the identification of a number of features specific for genital papillomaviruses and the construction of a phylogenetic tree. genital papillomaviruses differ from other human and animal papillomaviruses as they possess a longer e1 open reading frame (orf) and have a characteristic control region ...	1987	3039146
identification of the human papillomavirus type 6b l1 open reading frame protein in condylomas and corresponding antibodies in human sera.	genital warts (condylomata acuminata) are among the most frequent sexually transmitted infections. human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv-6), which is etiologically related to a majority of these lesions, has not been propagated in tissue culture. we generated two forms of hpv-6 viral antigens: a chemically synthesized oligopeptide (referred to as the c-terminal synthetic peptide) corresponding to residues 482 to 495 of the 500-amino-acid-long l1 open reading frame (orf), and a bacterially expressed 5 ...	1987	3039162
identification of proteins encoded by the l1 and l2 open reading frames of human papillomavirus 1a.	the human papillomavirus 1 (hpv-1) virion is composed of two virally encoded proteins: a 57,000-molecular-weight polypeptide (57k polypeptide), which is the product of the l1 open reading frame (orf), and a 78k polypeptide, which is derived from the l2 orf. the 57k (l1) product, which represents the major structural component, appears to be disulfide cross-linked in virus particles. the 78k (l2) protein is a minor component of the virion and does not appear to be disulfide linked either to the l ...	1987	3039170
preventive strategies in sexually transmitted diseases for the primary care physician. us preventive services task force.	this study provides the background recommendations of the us preventive services task force for interventions by primary care physicians to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. rationale for and data supporting use of barrier methods, epidemiologic treatment, contact tracing, patient education, prophylactic antibiotics, and disease reporting are discussed. specific recommendations include those for gonorrhea, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, enteric infections, human papilloma ...	1987	3039185
[epidermoid cyst of the sole and human papillomavirus].		1987	3039210
biology of human papillomavirus (hpv) infections and their role in squamous cell carcinogenesis.	current data implicating the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) infections in squamous cell carcinogenesis may be summarised as follows: animal models have shown that pvs can induce malignant transformation; hpv involvement in both benign and malignant human squamous cell tumours has been demonstrated by morphological, immunohistochemical and dna hybridisation techniques; hpv infections in the genital tract are venereally transmitted and are associated with the same risk factors as cervical carc ...	1987	3039265
oral human papillomavirus infections.		1987	3039681
molecular analysis of integrated human papillomavirus 16 sequences in the cervical cancer cell line siha.	human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 is frequently found integrated into cervical cancer cell genomes and these integrations are thought to play a role in tumorigenesis. to investigate the mechanisms of hpv integration and its effect on transcription and chromosomal sequence organization, we have cloned and analyzed the hpv16 integration from the cervical cancer cell line siha. restriction analyses and southern blotting indicated that approximately 95% of an hpv16 genome was integrated without gross re ...	1987	3039733
[vulvar cancer originating from pointed condylomas--case report].	a vulvar cancer is demonstrated. its origin from condylomata acuminata is discussed. the ultrastructural evidence of papillomavirusparticles within the nucleus of koilocytes are hints at a possible human papillomavirus etiology of vulvar carcinoma. because of the malign transformation of condylomata acuminata described we recommend a consequent treatment and histologic examination of condylomata acuminata.	1987	3039758
prevalence of condylomatous atypia and human papilloma virus antigen in cervical biopsies in 1972 and 1983.	to compare the frequency of pure condylomas and condylomatous atypia in cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in 1972 and 1983, two equally sized consecutive series of specimens from the uterine cervix were reviewed. the 1972 material contained only 5 cases of pure condyloma, all of these being flat lesions, while the 1983 material contained 33 pure condylomas, 23 flat and 10 papillomatous cases. the prevalence of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia with condylomatous atypia was significantly grea ...	1987	3039785
"hpv score", a scoring system for histological diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection in dysplasia of the uterine cervix.	we devised a scoring system, "hpv score", for histological diagnosis of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in dysplasia of the uterine cervix. four hundred and sixty cases of cervical dysplasia were screened for the presence of hpv infection using this system, and 116 cases (25%) were judged to be hpv infection. the results showed good correlation with those obtained using the immunoperoxidase (impo) method, but 42 of the 116 cases (36%) were negative for hpv antigen by the impo method. severe ...	1987	3039790
in situ hybridization of papillomavirus dna in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.	cytospin preparations of fine-needle aspirates obtained from five squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (four metastatic in lymph nodes and one primary) were tested for human papillomavirus (hpv) genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 by in situ hybridization using biotinylated dna probes. all five carcinomas showed hybridization with hpv-11, four strongly reactive, and one also weakly hybridized with hpv-16. genotypes 6 and 18 showed no evidence of hybridization.	1987	3040041
current concepts of intraepithelial neoplasia in the uterine cervix (cin).	the unifying concept of precancerous events in the epithelia of the uterine cervix is reviewed in the light of epidemiologic and morphologic observations. the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection as a factor in the genesis of precancerous states and carcinoma of the uterine cervix is assessed. although cytologic, histologic, ultrastructural and molecular biologic data support the concept of hpv as an oncogenic virus, the precise mechanisms linking the infection with cancer are not known ...	1987	3040051
perinatal viral infections.	in comparison to older children and adults, neonates are immunologically incompetent. they are susceptible to infections caused by a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. these infectious agents may be acquired by neonates either prenatally, during the intrapartum period or postnatally. the purpose of this review is to emphasize the potential impact of viral infections contracted by neonates at the time of delivery or within the neonatal period. the viruses reviewed i ...	1987	3040392
detection of human papillomavirus dna in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma.	tissue specimens from 10 out of 12 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian adenocarcinoma contained dna of human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv-6). hpv dna was identified by in situ hybridization at high stringency using biotin-labeled dna probes. nonneoplastic tissue specimens from other pelvic sites of the same patients were also examined. none showed evidence of hpv dna. the meaning of these findings in relation to epithelial ovarian carcinoma is discussed.	1987	3040545
identification of human papillomavirus types in male urethral condylomata acuminata by in situ hybridization.	an in situ hybridization technique was applied under stringent conditions to paraffin sections of urethral condylomata from male patients to determine the presence of dna sequences of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, and 18. the material consisted of 15 classical condylomata acuminata, two flat condylomata, and five recurrent lesions. hpv dna sequences could be identified in all 15 condylomata acuminata; in 13 lesions, two types of viral dna were observed (types 6 and 11 in 12, types ...	1987	3040573
demonstration of human papillomavirus types in paraffin processed tissue from human ano-genital lesions by in-situ dna hybridisation.	a sensitive in situ hybridization technique for the demonstration of human papillomavirus (hpv) employing a biotin-streptavidin polyalkaline phosphatase complex has been successfully applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin processed tissue obtained from a selected series of patients with ano-genital lesions. benign condylomata from males and females showed the presence of hpv 6 and 11. two cases of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia showed hpv 16. four cases of squamous carcinoma of the anal canal als ...	1987	3040952
integration of human papillomavirus type 16 dna sequences: a possible early event in the progression of genital tumors.	the keratinocyte line sk-v harbors only integrated human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv 16) dna sequences, although it originated from vulvar bowenoid papules predominantly containing multiple copies of free hpv 16 genomes. we have cloned a fragment of cell dna that contains the integrated hpv 16 dna sequences and have shown that integration interrupts the hpv 16 genome in open reading frames e2 and l2 and creates a deletion of 813 base pairs. this allows the expression of open reading frames e6 an ...	1987	3041049
[demonstration and organizational structure of the dna of human papillomaviruses in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas].	thirty biopsy specimens from various histological types of human carcinomas of the larynx and hypopharynx were analysed for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna: dna from the individual specimens were tested for the presence of homologous sequences to hpv genotypes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16 and 18. one squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx (postcricoideal area) contained multiple copies of dna hybridizing under stringent conditions with hpv 16 dna. the latter dna has been foun ...	1987	3041135
high prevalence of papillomavirus-associated penile intraepithelial neoplasia in sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	to determine whether neoplastic cervical lesions in women are associated with papillomavirus infections in their sexual partners, we used a colposcope to examine male sexual partners of women with cervical flat condyloma (294 cases) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (186 cases), before and after 5 percent acetic acid was applied to the penis and the anogenital area. condylomata acuminata, papules, and macules were observed in 309 of the 480 men (64.4 percent). in 204 of them (42.5 percent), ...	1987	3041217
condylomata acuminata arising in a neovagina.	a case is reported in which condylomata acuminata arose in a mcindoe neovagina. histopathologic and virologic evidence are provided to support the characterization of these lesions as benign warty processes secondary to human papillomavirus-6. factors influencing viral site specificity are discussed.	1987	3808542
perianal bowen's disease associated with anorectal warts: a case report.	the occurrence of anogenital warts has increased both in clinic and in private practice. both sexes and all races are affected, with the highest prevalence in patients aged 15 to 40 years. the etiologic agent, the human papillomavirus (hpv), has been classified by dna hybridization techniques into at least 42 types, of which types 16 and 18 are considered to carry a high risk for cancer. a patient who had been seen intermittently over a period of 26 years with perianal and anal warts that respon ...	1987	3563833
carbon dioxide laser therapy of subclinical condyloma found by magnified penile surface scanning.	the etiology and treatment of condyloma caused by the human papilloma virus (hpv) and the association of hpv with cervical dysplasia and/or carcinoma is a major issue in current gynecologic literature. this study examined results of carbon dioxide (co2) laser treatment of 127 high-risk males with biopsy-proved subclinical hpv infections found by magnified penile surface scanning (mpss). at a mean follow-up of four months a 66 per cent recurrence rate of microscopic condyloma was encountered. a d ...	1987	3576886
keloid scars as a result of co2 laser for molluscum contagiosum.	molluscum contagiosum is an infectious disease of the skin, found primarily on the thighs and genitalia. it is a sexually transmitted disease of increasing prevalence. the traditional treatment of this condition is surgical ablation, although co2 laser has been advocated recently as an alternative mode of therapy. six patients with molluscum contagiosum were treated by either continuous or intermittent co2 laser. four of the six have developed severe keloid scars. removal of lesions by cold knif ...	1987	3627587
gonorrhea and syphilis in incarcerated urban adolescents: prevalence and physical signs.	during a 1-year period from july 1983 to june 1984, 285 adolescent girls and 2,236 adolescent boys, ranging in age from 9 to 18 years (89% were 14 to 16 years of age), were screened for gonorrhea and syphilis on entry into a detention facility in new york city. the prevalence rate for gonorrhea was 3% for boys and 18.3% for girls, and the prevalence rate for syphilis was 0.63% for boys and 2.5% for girls. the rates of gonorrhea without penile or cervical discharge on physical examination were 2. ...	1987	3658575
[examination of condylomatous lesions of the uterine cervix in 468 anatomic specimens. retrospective study].	on the basis of 468 anatomical specimens, we intended to look for histological signs of an hpv (human papilloma virus) infestation. this study has enabled to calculate the true incidence of this pathology, to correlate the histo-clinical aspects as well as the association severe lesions-condylomatous lesions. our conclusions confirm the close connection between viral lesions and malignant pathology of the cervix.	1987	3671977
interferon treatment of human genital papillomavirus infection: importance of viral type.	eighteen women and 6 of their male sexual partners with lower genital tract infections caused by various human papillomavirus (hpv) types were treated with systemic or topical interferon (ifn) application. all patients with vulvar or penile lesions had a history of podophyllin or surgical treatment. in the female group, 9 patients showed complete response, 8 patients partial response and 1 patient no response. in the male patients complete response was seen in all patients. the response rate app ...	1987	3679588
human papillomavirus type 17 transcripts expressed in skin carcinoma tissue of a patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis.	certain types of human papillomavirus (hpv) are involved in skin carcinogenesis in epidermodysplasia verruciformis. however, no gene or gene product of hpv associated with skin carcinogenesis has yet been identified. here, we report hpv-17 transcripts expressed in skin carcinoma tissue of an epidermodysplasia verruciformis patient infected with hpv-17. further, we show that one of these transcripts was localized to a portion of the genome which contains the 3' open reading frames of the early re ...	1987	3032809
human papillomavirus type 16 in intraepithelial neoplasia (bowenoid papulosis) and coexistent invasive carcinoma of the vulva.	tissues from two cases of bowenoid papulosis of the vulva with coexistent invasive squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated for the presence of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) and for nuclear dna content. in both cases, hpv type 16 and nuclear aneuploidy were found in bowenoid papulosis as well as in invasive carcinoma. patterns of hybridization suggested that the viral genome was integrated into the cellular genome in both bowenoid papulosis tissues as well as in invasive carcinoma tissues. these o ...	1987	3032817
squamous carcinoma of the lung in a nonirradiated, nonsmoking patient with juvenile laryngotracheal papillomatosis.	juvenile laryngotracheal papillomatosis (jltp)--a disease characterized by the growth of multiple, recurrent, koilocytolic papillomas of the upper respiratory tree--occurs in 1,500 to 2,000 infants and children in the united states every year. in rare instances, the papillomas, which are thought to be caused by a human papillomavirus (hpv), may extend into the distal bronchi and lungs. they are often excised surgically or by laser resection, but may regress spontaneously. patients who receive ra ...	1987	2441616
characterization of four new cell lines derived from human squamous carcinomas of the uterine cervix.	four continuous cell lines were established from 15 biopsies of human squamous carcinomas of the uterine cervix, two from women less than 35 years old. all four lines grew as adherent monolayers and had epitheloid morphology. all required initial 3t3 feeder layer support and hydrocortisone and insulin for growth and have now been grown in vitro for at least 12 months. the individual lines possessed unique isozyme patterns and were distinct from the hela cell line. all were tumorigenic in nude mi ...	1987	2441858
human papillomavirus-11 dna in a patient with chronic laryngotracheobronchial papillomatosis and metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung.		1987	2442608
expression of human papillomavirus type 6 e1, e2, l1 and l2 open reading frames in escherichia coli.	open reading frame (orf) fragments (putative gene fragments) from human papillomavirus type 6b (hpv-6b) were inserted into the bacterial expression vector phk413 to provide viral antigenic determinants. approximately 86% of the entire l1 orf, 82% of the e2 orf, and 52% of the l2 orf were expressed in escherichia coli. the e1 orf was cloned as two fragments. the constructions containing e1n (coding for the n-terminal region) and e1c (coding for the c-terminal region) expressed 27% and 16% of the ...	1987	2445631
transcriptional regulation of the human papillomavirus-16 e6-e7 promoter by a keratinocyte-dependent enhancer, and by viral e2 trans-activator and repressor gene products: implications for cervical carcinogenesis.	the transcriptional promoter of the candidate e6-e7 transforming gene region of human papillomavirus (hpv)-16 (p97) was active in transiently transfected cervical carcinoma cells when linked to the hsv-1 tk or bacterial cat genes. sequences 5' to p97 contain a short enhancer element responding to cellular factor(s) in uninfected human foreskin keratinocytes and in cervical carcinoma cells, but not in human or animal fibroblasts. the e2 trans-activator products of hpv-16 or of the related bovine ...	1987	2448139
[cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papilloma virus infection: causative or incidental relations?].		1987	2825144
plurality of genital human papillomaviruses: characterization of two new types with distinct biological properties.	the genomes of two new genital human papillomavirus (hpv) types, tentatively named hpvs 39 and 42, have been cloned from biopsy specimens of penile bowenoid papules and vulvar papillomas, respectively. blot hybridization experiments, performed under stringent conditions (tm -10 degrees), have revealed no cross-hybridization between the dnas of hpvs 39 and 42, and between these dnas and those of other genital and cutaneous hpvs. a significant cross-hybridization has been observed between the dna ...	1987	2825411
quantitative dna analysis of low grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus infection by static and flow cytometry.	quantitative deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) analysis of cervical biopsy specimens from 26 women with cytological, colposcopic, and histological evidence of mild cervical atypia consistent with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade i, reactive atypia, or human papillomavirus infection alone or in combination was performed in a comparative evaluation of feulgen microspectrophotometry, the fast interval processor image analysis system, and flow cytometry. the fast interval processor image analysis ...	1987	2825903
detection of dna of human papillomavirus types 6/11 and 16/18 in cell scrapings of the uterine cervix by filter in situ hybridisation. correlation with cytology, colposcopy and histology.	the application of filter in situ hybridisation (fish) to detect the presence of the dna of human papillomavirus genotypes 6/11 and/or 16/18 in cell scrapings of the uterine cervix of 248 women in western australia is described. the results obtained by fish are related to cervical dysplasia as assessed by cytology, colposcopy and histology. the detection of hpv infection was more sensitive and specific by fish than by either histological/cytological evidence of an hpv cytopathic effect (koilocyt ...	1987	2826222
simultaneous presence of herpes simplex and human papilloma virus sequences in human genital tumors.	herpes simplex virus (hsv) and human papillomavirus (hpv) sequences were analyzed in tumors of the female lower genital tract, by probing dna from 13 intraepithelial and 30 invasive neoplastic lesions with radiolabelled hpv-16 and hpv-18 dna as well as cloned fragments of hsv-2 dna. careful removal of stromal tissue from the pathological specimens allowed authentic tumor dna to be processed. normal genital tissue obtained from the patients and genital condylomata were included as internal contro ...	1987	2826337
identification of human papillomavirus dna in smokeless tobacco-associated keratoses from juveniles, adults and older adults using immunocytochemical and in situ dna hybridization techniques.		1987	2450801
analysis of the biological role of human papilloma virus (hpv)-encoded transcripts in cervical carcinoma cells by antisense rna.		1987	2450820
[prevalence of infection in the endocervix with human papillomavirus in a population of prostitutes in panama city].		1987	2827243
[controlled study of cases of uterine cervix cancer and infection with human papillomavirus in latin america].		1987	2827244
[human papillomavirus infections of the cervix uteri. ii. diagnosis, terminology, clinical significance of the diagnosis].	cervical hpv infection may be diagnosed by colposcopy, cytology, histology and dna hybridization. each of these techniques alone may result in the detection of no more than 70% of the cases which are found by combining all methods. typical cytological and histological findings are illustrated. a morphological continuum exists between hpv associated epithelial atypias (vae), dysplasias and carcinomata in situ. the higher the grade of dysplasia, the lower the rate of cytological vae. hpv types 16/ ...	1987	2827300
human papillomavirus infection and neoplasia of the cervix and anogenital region in women with hodgkin's disease.	immunosuppression has been associated with an increased incidence of condyloma and neoplasia of the cervix and anogenital region, lesions associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. the role of immunosuppression as a risk factor for the development of these lesions in patients with hodgkin's disease was studied in a series of 666 consecutive women seen at the university of texas m. d. anderson hospital between 1963 and 1982. thirty-nine patients (5.9%) of the entire series and 45.9% of ...	1987	2827413
cervical smears in assessment of the natural history of human papillomavirus infections in prospectively followed women.	the value of cervical (papanicolaou) smears in monitoring the natural history of cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infections was assessed in a series of 513 women prospectively followed since 1981. on each clinic visit, the patients were subjected to colposcopy accompanied by cervical smears and/or punch biopsies. the latter were analyzed by light microscopy for concomitant cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and by transmission electron microscopy (tem) for hpv particles as well as for ...	1987	2827414
tissue macrophage response in human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	tissue macrophages in the uterine cervix were studied immunocytochemically with monoclonal antibody (moab) 3.9 which reacts with the majority of macrophages, and e11 which is specific for the c3b receptor, cr1. samples from five normal women, six with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and 10 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) were tested. a small population of moab 3.9 positive and only occasional moab e11 positive macrophages were found in the normal cervix. in hpv infection and c ...	1987	2827722
demonstration of papillomavirus structural antigen in human urinary bladder neoplasia.	clear cells showing characteristic features of koilocytotic atypia were found in 41 (82%) of 50 paraffin sections of urinary bladder tumour. papillomavirus common structural antigen was detected in seven (14%) of the samples using an avidin-biotin peroxidase staining technique. the results suggest a role for the human papillomavirus in the aetiology of urinary bladder neoplasia.	1987	2827832
characterization of human papillomavirus type 45, a new type 18-related virus of the genital tract.	dna of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 45, a new hpv type 18-related papillomavirus of the genital tract, was cloned from a recurrent cervical lesion displaying mild to moderate dysplasia with koilocytosis. hpv-45 dna was identified in paraffin sections of biopsies of both the initial and recurrent lesions of the patient, taken 7 months apart. hpv-45 dna hybridized efficiently to that of many different hpv types under low and moderate stringency conditions (tm - 37 degrees c to tm - 25 degrees c ...	1987	2826649
expression of human papillomavirus type 6 and type 16 capsid proteins in bacteria and their antigenic characterization.	the l1 and l2 capsid proteins encoded by human papillomavirus types 6 and 16 (hpv-6 and hpv-16) have been synthesized in bacteria. antisera were raised against the hpv-6 l1- and l2-beta-galactosidase fusion proteins and against an hpv-16 l1 c-terminal peptide which was 14 amino acids long. the hpv-16 l1 peptide antibodies have been shown to be highly reactive with the hpv-16 l1-beta-galactosidase protein but not against the equivalent hpv-6 l1-beta-galactosidase fusion protein. the effectiveness ...	1987	2826650
detection of papillomavirus nucleic acids in genital precancers with the in situ hybridization technique.	recent advances in in situ hybridization technology have made it possible to analyze the distribution of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 nucleic acid sequences in genital neoplasms. this review addresses the methodology of in situ hybridization as it relates to the detection of hpv sequences in precancerous lesions and explores the potential value of this technique for both detecting hpv sequences in tissue sections and analyzing hpv gene functions that may be important in the genesis of squa ...	1987	2826355
[hpv-20-induced epidermodysplasia verruciformis].	a 58-year-old man is presented who has suffered from epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev) for 11 years. the lesions on the distal extremities are similar to verruca plana; those on the trunk and upper arms consist of red slightly squamous plaques. no malignant tumours have been observed so far. only human papilloma virus (hpv), type 20, was found in all lesions. no cell mediated immune reaction disorders could be demonstrated. virus identification is considered an important prognostic criterion.	1987	2826363
the bpv1-e2 trans-acting protein can be either an activator or a repressor of the hpv18 regulatory region.	the human papillomavirus 18 (hpv 18) long control region contains promoter and enhancer elements whose activity is restricted to several human cell lines of epithelial origin. this enhancer possesses a considerable constitutive activity which is further stimulated in the presence of the e2 trans-activating protein of bovine papillomavirus 1 (bpv1). surprisingly the same bpv1 protein strongly repressed transcription from the genuine hpv18 enhancer-promoter dna sequences. we suggest that binding o ...	1987	2828029
the upstream regulatory region of the human papilloma virus-16 contains an e2 protein-independent enhancer which is specific for cervical carcinoma cells and regulated by glucocorticoid hormones.	the upstream regulatory region of the human papilloma virus-16 (hpv-16) genomic dna contains a sequence element with a large degree of homology to the partially palindromic sequence ggtacannntgttct, which is the consensus sequence of the glucocorticoid responsive elements of known genes regulated by this steroid hormone. dnase i and dimethylsulfate protection experiments reveal the binding of this sequence by rat glucocorticoid receptor protein. a 400-bp dna segment centrally containing this seq ...	1987	2828035
human papillomavirus.		1987	2829073
clinical manifestations and natural history of genital human papillomavirus infection.	over the past decade, the ever-increasing volume of evidence implicating hpv types in genital neoplasia has stimulated much research interest into all aspects of the biology of this interesting group of viruses. this has led to the identification of an ever-increasing heterogeneity of hpv types. it is not surprising, therefore, that the clinical profile of disease associated with genital hpv types is much broader than previously recognized. knowledge of this clinical spectrum is mandatory to th ...	1987	2829075
genital human papillomavirus infection. a growing concern.	hpv infections of the genital tract are one of the most common sexually transmitted viral infections in the united states. data from std clinics and private physicians' offices reveal that genital warts, one manifestation of genital hpv infection, have been diagnosed more frequently in recent years. using a variety of diagnostic techniques, asymptomatic hpv infection has been identified in men and women and is probably much more common than clinically apparent infection.	1987	2829076
tissue effects of and host response to human papillomavirus infection.	human papillomaviruses are a heterogeneous group of dna tumor viruses associated with hyperplastic (warts, condylomas), dysplastic (cin and vin), and malignant lesions (carcinomas) of squamous epithelium. each hpv type is preferentially associated with specific clinical lesions and has an anatomic site preference for either cutaneous or mucosal squamous epithelium. infection appears to begin in the basal cells. early gene expression is associated with acanthosis, and late gene expression is asso ...	1987	2829077
cytologic detection of human papillomavirus infection.	in recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of human papillomavirus infection of the female genital tract. since the primary diagnosis of this condition is almost invariably based on cytologic observations, the diagnostic criteria are of paramount importance. the diagnosis is usually based on the presence of koilocytes, or balloon cells, and dyskeratotic cells. although these cells remain fundamental to the diagnosis, it is important to recognize other possible cytologic ...	1987	2829079
detection of human papillomavirus infection by nucleic acid hybridization.	single-stranded nucleic acid molecules that are complementary to each other will form hybrids under appropriate conditions. hybridization tests make use of this phenomenon and employ labeled molecules called probes to detect specific complementary molecules called targets. nucleic acid hybridization is the most sensitive method for detecting hpv in clinical specimens and the only one capable of identifying specific hpv types. there are many alternative hybridization test formats; most of them us ...	1987	2829080
human papillomavirus infection and anogenital neoplasia: speculations for the future.	hpv infections of the female genital tract are common. the association of these viruses with anogenital neoplasia has stimulated efforts to devise practical methods of detection and typing of hpv. although experimental diagnostic tests are available, they are, for the most part, complex and time consuming and are limited to medical centers researching hpv. new methods for preparing probes with higher sensitivities for hybridization tests will allow use of in-situ methods on formalin-fixed tissue ...	1987	2829087
integration and transcription of human papillomavirus type 6 recombinant dna in mouse cells.	human papillomavirus (hpv) dna is found in nature mostly in an episomal form. however, in permanent cell lines established from cervical carcinomas in which hpv sequences are present, they are usually integrated in the host genome. in vitro studies of hpv have been hampered because of the difficulty of stably maintaining hpv sequences in transfected cells. we have cloned the entire hpv6 genome into three vectors: pml2, a derivative of pbr322 lacking the "poison sequences"; p142-6, a plasmid cont ...	1987	2829459
[genital papillomavirus lesions. coexistence in sexual partners, role in cancer of the cervix and value of colposcopy].	since the human papillomavirus is transmissible sexually, an ever increasing number of male patients is seen in dermatology departments. it therefore seems to be important to evaluate the frequency of hpv-related genital lesions in both males and females. several recent studies have made it clear that concomitant lesions are very often observed in sexual partners. we have tried here to summarize the different data reported in the literature concerning the frequency of hpv lesions and their proba ...	1987	2829688
role of herpes simplex virus type-2 and human papilloma virus in penile cancers in singapore.	to detect the presence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and human papilloma virus (hpv), common structural antigens in penile cancers, 20 squamous cell carcinomas were studied by immunohistochemical methods. all specimens were from singaporeans ranging in age from 44 to 69 years. none of the specimens contained hsv-2 and hpv common structural antigens. the reasons for the absence of hpv common antigen were discussed. the significance of the association of hpv with penile cancers is uncerta ...	1987	2829697
in situ dna hybridization analysis of human papillomavirus (hpv) sequences in benign oral mucosal lesions.	a series of 144 surgically treated benign oral mucosal lesions were analysed using an in situ dna hybridization technique with 35s-labeled human papillomavirus (hpv) dna probes to demonstrate the dna of hpv types 6, 11, 13, and 16, in routinely processed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens. these lesions and an additional 62 benign oral mucosal biopsy specimens (total, 206 specimens) were also assessed by the indirect immunoperoxidase (ip-pap) technique to detect the expression of hpv structural ...	1987	2829754