Publications

presence of human papilloma virus types 16 and 18 in genital warts and cervical neoplasias.	certain types of human papilloma viruses (hpv) are associated with human genital proliferative diseases, and among them hpv16 and hpv18 seem to play an important role in the occurrence of cervical cancer. we used restriction enzyme analysis and molecular hybridization, in order to investigate the type of viral infection and the physical state of viral dna in gynecological benign, pre-malignant and malignant lesions. hpv6/11 specific sequences could only be detected as episomes and this in benign ...	1988	2835559
detection of human papillomavirus capsid antigens in various squamous epithelial lesions using antibodies directed against the l1 and l2 open reading frames.	hpv6 and hpv16 infect the squamous epithelium of the genital tract and are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant lesions. hpv6 is primarily found in benign condylomas whereas hpv16 is present in dysplasias and in invasive squamous cell carcinomas. to examine the expression of the major and minor capsid proteins in these lesions polyclonal antisera directed against bacterially derived fusion proteins harboring different restriction fragments of the l1 and l2 orfs of h ...	1988	2835863
genital warts, papillomaviruses, and genital malignancies.	human papillomavirus (hpv) infections of the genital tract are widespread and often subclinical. of about a dozen genital tract hpvs, types 16 and 18 are strongly associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and of other sites in the lower genital tract. in invasive cervical cancers, the viral genomes are often integrated into the cellular dna and are transcriptionally active. these viruses, with additional cofactors, play a role in genital tract malignancies.	1988	2835929
the human papillomavirus type 16 e7 gene encodes transactivation and transformation functions similar to those of adenovirus e1a.	clinical and epidemiological data have implicated the human papillomaviruses (hpvs) as having an etiologic role in some anogenital malignancies, with hpv-16 being most frequently (greater than 60%) detected in cervical carcinoma. hpv-16 is actively transcribed in the cancers; the most abundant transcripts map to the e6 and e7 early open reading frames. evidence is presented that the hpv-16 e7 open reading frame encodes transcriptional transactivation and cellular transformation functions analogo ...	1988	2836062
anal cancer in women.	we studied predisposing factors in 56 women with anal cancer, comparing them with 56 matched controls drawn from the population. a detailed pretested questionnaire was administered to each study subject in a structured interview and blood was drawn for detection of herpes simplex virus antibodies by radioimmunoassay. pathologic material from cases was obtained and evidence of human papilloma virus infection was sought. by univariate analyses we found associations between anal cancer and positive ...	1988	2836255
screening of premalignant cervical lesions for hpv 16 dna by sandwich and in situ hybridization techniques.	a series of 97 cervical smears and 69 directed punch biopsies derived from 84 consecutive women prospectively followed-up for cervical hpv (human papillomavirus) infections were studied using the sandwich hybridization and in situ hybridization techniques with hpv 16 dna probes. the aim was to test the sensitivity and applicability of these two techniques in routine diagnosis of cervical hpv infections from smears. as a measure of specimen adequacy, the number of cells recovered in the cervical ...	1988	2836276
transformation of rat 3y1 cells by human papillomavirus type-18 dna.	rat 3y1 cell cultures transfected with human papillomavirus type-18 (hpv 18) dna produced foci of morphologically transformed cells capable of anchorage-independent growth. analyses of the transformed cell clones obtained after transfection with ecori-cleaved linear hpv 18 dna showed that, although the viral dnas integrated in the cell dna had rearrangements (probably around the sites of integration), they appeared to retain the putative transcriptional control region and the downstream area con ...	1988	2836322
sensitivity of in situ hybridization techniques using biotin- and 35s-labeled human papillomavirus (hpv) dna probes.	in order to evaluate the sensitivity of our modified in situ dna hybridization technique using biotinylated probes, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded biopsies from 20 cervical lesions known to contain human papillomavirus (hpv) dna were re-examined by the technique using both 35s-labeled- and biotinylated hpv dna probes. the probe concentrations as well as the detection limits of biotin probing were screened by spotting known amounts of hpv 16 dna on nylon filter, and allowed to hybridize with b ...	1988	2836460
papillomaviruses: the current status in relation to oral disease.	human papillomaviruses of different types are associated with a variety of benign oral lesions and may be associated with some premalignant and malignant oral lesions. however, since it is now clear that a variant of human papillomavirus 16 is harbored by normal oral mucosa, as well as by premalignant and malignant lesions, such associations may not necessarily always be causal. the rapid progress of recent research in this field is reviewed, with particular reference to oral disease, and the cu ...	1988	2836772
oral squamous papillomas: detection of hpv dna by in situ hybridization.	oral squamous papillomas were segregated from other papillary lesions on the basis of histopathologic features. twenty representative papillomas were evaluated for the presence of papillomavirus genus-specific antigen with the use of an immunoperoxidase technique. these same tumors were analyzed for human papillomavirus (hpv) types 2, 4, 6, and 11 with biotinylated full-length double-stranded dna probes by in situ hybridization. only one case exhibited papillomavirus antigen reactivity. alternat ...	1988	2836773
expression of the e2 open reading frame of papillomaviruses bpv1 and hpv6b in silkworm by a baculovirus vector.	to produce and characterize the nature of the e2 protein of papillomaviruses, we have developed a system to express the dna sequence containing an open reading frame (orf) as a fusion protein in cultured insect cells and silkworms. the dna fragments of the e2 orf predicted from the dna sequence of bovine papillomavirus type 1 and human papillomavirus type 6b were linked to the n-terminal part of polyhedrin gene of the baculovirus bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) vector. hybrid prot ...	1988	2837019
a monoclonal antibody that binds to tumor-associated antigens of exfoliated cells in the smears of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	the reactivity of ce 407, a monoclonal antibody (mab) known to bind to the cells of invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma, was tested by the immunoperoxidase technique in samples from precursor lesions with and without associated condylomatous atypia. antibody ce 407 bound with a high frequency to cells from cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and to cells showing condylomatous changes. antibody ce 407 gave a positive reaction in 16 (64%) of 25 patients with cin only. when the ...	1988	2837032
comparison of the cytobrush and cotton swabs in sampling cervical cells for filter in situ hybridization detection of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 dna.	the cytobrush was compared with the cotton swab for collecting samples used to detect human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 dna by filter in situ hybridization. the study design entailed collecting two endocervical and one vaginal fornix sample from each of 200 women admitted to a colposcopy clinic. no difference was found in the hpv positivity rates in samples obtained with the two collection instruments. there was good agreement (91.5%) in the detection of viral dna between the first and ...	1988	2837033
urethral cytology of cytobrush specimens. a new technique for detecting subclinical human papillomavirus infection in men.	cytologic examination of urethral smears prepared with the cytobrush and colposcopic examination of the penis were performed in 53 male partners of women with cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infections and in 14 healthy controls. a diagnosis of hpv infection was recorded in 28 subjects (52.8%). cytology was positive in 26 cases (49%) and colposcopy was positive in 5 cases, with both tests positive in 3 cases. no controls were positive by cytology or colposcopy. these findings suggest that ur ...	1988	2837034
detection of human papillomavirus type 16 in bowenoid papulosis and invasive carcinoma occurring in the same patient with a history of cervical carcinoma.		1988	2837151
human papillomavirus type 2-associated basal cell carcinoma in two immunosuppressed patients.	human papillomavirus-2 genomes were detected by molecular hybridization in two cases of basal cell carcinomas that developed in immunosuppressed individuals. this form of human papillomavirus is usually responsible for common warts in the general population. although it does not appear to have oncogenic potential, it may be, in some cases, associated with cutaneous malignancy.	1988	2837152
presence and expression of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 dna sequences in cervical carcinomas.		1988	2837171
viral infection, human papillomavirus dna, and cervical neoplasia.		1988	2837301
correlation of modified human papilloma virus early gene expression with altered growth properties in c4-1 cervical carcinoma cells.	in cervical carcinomas and cell lines derived from these tumors the dna of specific types of human papilloma viruses (hpvs) is integrated into the host cell genome. the two viral open reading frames e6 and e7 are consistently transcribed in tumors and cell lines, and the respective proteins were detected in cells cultured in vitro. as shown here, modulation of hpv 18 e6 and e7 gene expression in c4-1 cervical carcinoma cells is accompanied by an altered cell growth. hpv 18 e6 and e7 expression c ...	1988	2837324
human papillomavirus and cancer of the uterine cervix.		1988	2837428
human papillomaviruses and cervical cancer: analysis of histopathologic features associated with different viral types.	the histopathologic features of 41 cervical carcinomas were correlated with the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv). southern blots of dna extracted from the tumors were hybridized with 32p-labeled type specific probes for hpv 6, 11, 16, 18, and 31. hpv was found in 26/41 (63%) of the tumors. the hpv types were: hpv 16 in 17 tumors (41%), hpv 18 in six tumors (15%) and hpv 31 in two tumors (5%). no tumor hybridized to either hpv 6 or hpv 11. hpv was identified in all histologic subtypes of ce ...	1988	2837431
expression of major histocompatibility class ii antigens by langerhans' cells in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	cervical biopsy samples from 67 patients who had various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) or who showed evidence, in the form of koilocytosis, of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection of the uterine cervix, and from 10 women with normal cervices were examined. cryostat sections from the biopsy samples were stained using monoclonal antibodies to t6, a langerhans' cell marker, and to major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii antigens (hla-dp, dq, and dr). epithelial langerha ...	1988	2834416
malignant progression of laryngeal papilloma associated with human papilloma virus type 6 (hpv-6) dna.	a case of laryngeal squamous papilloma in the early stages of development showed histological features suggestive of virus infection. five years later positive evidence of hpv-6 infection was obtained at a time when the lesion had developed into a squamous cell carcinoma. it is concluded that this case represents a complete example of the virus to papilloma to carcinoma sequence, and as far as is known, is the first reported case of its kind in the larynx.	1988	2834418
human papillomavirus (hpv) genotypes associated with laryngeal papilloma.	biopsy specimens from 14 patients treated for laryngeal papillomatosis were tested for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) genome by the technique of dna-dna hybridisation. according to the age of initial presentation, cases were subdivided into juvenile (less than 16 years) and adult onset (older than 16 years) groups. histological investigation confirmed that it was impossible to distinguish the groups on this basis. molecular virology using both dot blot and southern transfer technique ...	1988	2834419
detection of human papillomavirus dna sequences by in situ dna-dna hybridisation in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma: a retrospective study.	human papillomavirus (hpv) infection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and invasive cervical carcinoma was investigated using in situ dna-dna hybridisation on histological sections of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue to assess the technique's sensitivity and to assess retrospectively the association between hpv16 and invasive cervical carcinoma. hpv dna was detected in 16 of 33 biopsy specimens of cin. cells containing viral dna were more numerous than those positive for viral ...	1988	2834420
dna hybridisation of cervical scrapes: comparison with cytological findings in papanicolaou smears.	one hundred and sixty four cervical scrapes were taken over 26 months from 143 women aged 17 to 53 years, using an ayre spatula. a smear was prepared from each sample for papanicolaou staining and for cytological examination for evidence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. the cells remaining on the spatula were harvested for dna analysis. these samples were probed for hpv 6, 16, and 18 and the results of dna hybridisation and cytology were compared. cytological changes of hpv (anucleate ke ...	1988	2834421
human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in situ.	human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid were detected in tissue specimens from 38 to 46 patients (83%) with squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the vulva. herpes simplex virus type 2--related antigen icsp 34/35 was demonstrated in 23 of the lesions (50%), and antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 were found in 74% and 65% of the serum samples tested, respectively. both human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid and herpes simplex virus type 2 antigen were detected in 19 cases (41%). ...	1988	2834955
altered expression of filaggrin in human papillomavirus (hpv) lesions of the uterine cervix.	a series of 64 punch biopsies collected from women prospectively followed-up for cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infections (with and without cin), and 38 control biopsies (normal epithelia, and classical cin) were analysed for expression of filaggrin (a histidine-rich protein constituent of keratohyalin granules) using the abc technique and polyclonal antibody. hpv typing was completed using the in situ hybridization technique with dna probes for hpv 6, 11, 16, 18 and 31. three patterns of ...	1988	2835017
squamous carcinoma arising in a giant peri-anal condyloma associated with human papillomavirus types 6 and 11.	a case is reported of squamous carcinoma of the peri-anal region arising in a giant condyloma. in situ dna hybridization showed human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6 and 11. these hpv types are commonly demonstrated in ano-genital condylomas but have not previously been reported in association with malignant change at this site.	1988	2835300
transformation of c127 mouse fibroblasts by human papillomavirus 16.	we have compared the ability of cloned dnas of hpv16, a human papillomavirus associated with cervical carcinoma, and bpv1, a papillomavirus inducing skin lesions in cattle, to transform murine c127 cells. unlike bpv1, hpv16 dna failed to induce foci when c127 cells were transfected and maintained as monolayers; hpv16-transformed c127 cells could only be detected after cotransfection with hpv16 and psv2neo dna, selection for resistance to g418, and assay of pooled selectants for colony growth in ...	1988	2833348
cancer of the cervix and the papilloma viruses.	squamous cancer of the cervix depends upon infection by human papilloma virus (hpv), of which there are many strains. some are more dangerous than others and they appear to compete with each other for "territory". the prospective use of vaccines and antiviral agents for hpv infection could disturb the balance of this ecosystem. this study derives the expressions for the prevalences of the different strains at equilibrium. the important parameters of these expressions are 1) the rate of change of ...	1988	2833408
functional mapping of the human papillomavirus type 11 transcriptional enhancer and its interaction with the trans-acting e2 proteins.	the transcriptional enhancer sequences of the papillomaviruses are regulated by trans-acting factors encoded by the viral e2 open reading frame. we have performed detailed functional and physical analyses of the enhancer of the human papillomavirus type 11 (hpv-11). using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) assay in transiently transfected monkey cv-1 cells, the enhancer region has been localized to a 270-bp tract immediately preceding the e6 open reading frame, and it consists of two fu ...	1988	2833426
human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus and cervical cancer incidence in greenland and denmark. a population-based cross-sectional study.	in greenland, the incidence of cervical cancer is 5.7 times higher than in denmark among women aged 20-39. from nuuk (greenland) and nykøbing falster (denmark) a sample of 800 women aged 20-39 years was drawn at random. a total of 586 and 661 women were investigated in greenland and denmark respectively. all women had a gynecological examination including a pap-smear and cervical scrape for hpv-analysis (filter in situ hybridization). a blood sample was taken for analysis of hsv type-specific an ...	1988	2833450
study of the e2 gene product of the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus reveals a common mechanism of transactivation among papillomaviruses.	the long control region (lcr) of the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (crpv) harbors a transcriptional promoter which can be transactivated, as reflected by cat gene expression, by cotransfection with plasmids which express the intact e2 open reading frame of crpv, human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv18), and bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv1). the e2 protein of crpv can also transactivate the lcrs of bpv1, hpv1, and hpv18 inserted in front of the cat gene in enhancer or promoter configuration. co ...	1988	2833608
nucleotide sequences of cdnas for human papillomavirus type 18 transcripts in hela cells.	hela cells expressed 3.4- and 1.6-kilobase (kb) transcripts of the integrated human papillomavirus (hpv) type 18 genome. two types of cdna clones representing each size of hpv type 18 transcript were isolated. sequence analysis of these two types of cdna clones revealed that the 3.4-kb transcript contained e6, e7, the 5' portion of e1, and human sequence and that the 1.6-kb transcript contained spliced and frameshifted e6 (e6*), e7, and human sequence. there was a common human sequence containin ...	1988	2833614
sequence duplication and internal deletion in the integrated human papillomavirus type 16 genome cloned from a cervical carcinoma.	integrated human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) sequences were cloned from a cervical carcinoma and analyzed by restriction mapping and nucleotide sequencing. the viral integration sites were mapped within the e1 and e2 open reading frames (orfs). the e4 and e5 orfs were entirely deleted. an internal deletion of 376 base pairs (bp) was found disrupting the l1 and l2 orfs. sequencing analysis showed that an agatgt/acatct inverted repeat marked the deletion junction with two flanking direct repeat ...	1988	2833616
dermatophilus congolensis and "hairy" leukoplakia.	the authors report the first human case (to our knowledge) of infection of the oral mucosa by dermatophilus congolensis. septate branching filaments morphologically identical to those of d. congolensis were identified in the lingual epithelium of a male homosexual employed as an animal handler. this actinomycete is the cause of dermatophilosis, a proliferative exudative dermatitis affecting many animal species. clinical features suggested "hairy" leukoplakia (hl), a hyperkeratotic tongue lesion ...	1988	2833853
cervical cytology in the auckland region.	a two week prospective study of the characteristics of women having cervical smears in the auckland region in 1985 is presented. european and maori women have about the same rate of smears while pacific islanders have a slightly lesser rate. many women are not having smears taken during pregnancy or at the postnatal examination. doctors initiate twice as many smears as their patients. more than half of the women had smears taken in less than the three year interval recommended for screening. fiv ...	1988	2832794
the predominance of human papillomavirus type 16 in vulvar neoplasia.	southern transfer analysis for human papillomavirus genomic sequences was conducted on 152 vulvar and vaginal tissue specimens obtained from 86 patients. histopathologic diagnoses included condyloma acuminatum, intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive cancer. in six patients, lesions of more than one pathologic type were identified. vaginal lesions constituted less than 5% of tissues examined. distribution of lesions was as follows: condyloma, 93 lesions from 57 patients; intraepithelial neoplasi ...	1988	2832795
antibody to human papilloma virus in danish dentists.	the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of antibody to human papilloma virus (hpv) among danish dentists in order to determine whether this virus constitutes an occupational hazard for dentists. serum samples from 452 danish dentists were tested for antibody against a common capsid antigen to hpv by a complement fixation reaction. nine (2.0%) were seropositive. dentists' odds ratio for seropositivity was after adjustment for age 0.6 (90% confidence interval: 0.3-1.4) compared ...	1988	2832934
[epstein-barr virus detection in oral hairy leukoplakia in aids patients, in leukoplakias and on normal tongue epithelia in hiv-1-negative patients].	in 3 patients seropositive for hiv 1 (2 homosexual men and 1 female drug addict), we found "oral hairy leukoplakia" on the lateral margin of their tongues. dna of epstein-barr virus (ebv) and human papillomavirus (hpv) were identified in cellular dna by molecular-virological means using southern blot hybridization and/or dna/dna filter hybridization on epithelial cells taken by swabs from the epithelium of the tongue. the results were compared with those obtained from the identical anatomical si ...	1988	2833041
detection of infection by human papillomavirus in genital condylomata. a comparison study using immunocytochemistry and in situ nucleic acid hybridization.	one hundred eighty exophytic genital lesions clinically suspicious for infection by human papillomavirus (hpv) were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin light microscopy, immunocytochemistry for hpv capsid antigen; and in situ nucleic acid hybridization for hpv messenger rna (mrna). of 96 cases morphologically consistent with infection by hpv, 53% were antigen-positive, and 83% were mrna positive (p less than 0.01). of 55 cases suggestive but not diagnostic of hpv infection, 13% were antigen-positi ...	1988	2833093
human papillomavirus type 16 in multifocal neoplasia of the female genital tract.	we examined lesions from six women with multifocal neoplasia of the lower genital tract (vulva and cervix or vulva and vagina) for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna sequences by dna-dna in situ hybridization. cervical tissue specimens from four of the five women with carcinoma in situ (cis) of the cervix were found to contain hpv type 16 dna sequences. vulvar lesions from three of these women also contained hpv-16 dna and were histologically consistent with cis. in each instance, hy ...	1988	2832336
a clinical, histopathologic, and molecular biologic investigation of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.	the spectrum of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (vin) was investigated with human papillomavirus (hpv) dna probes by southern blot hybridization technique. the results of vulvar tissue examinations from 25 patients were compared to prior genital and systemic diseases, clinical presentation, and histopathologic manifestations. the presence of hpv dna in these lesions was largely associated with multifocality of the lesions, the presence of synchronous and metachronous multicentric genital neopla ...	1988	2832337
advantage of human papillomavirus typing in the clinical evaluation of genitoanal warts. experience with the in situ deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization technique applied on paraffin sections.	genitoanal warts are predominantly induced by human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, and 18. a strong association has been established between infection by hpv 16 and hpv 18 and the subsequent development of cancer in the uterine cervix. therefore, a clinical challenge exists with respect to identification of patients harboring the latter type of high-risk hpv types. the present study on 108 men with genitoanal warts focuses on whether reliable gross and/or histopathologic criteria exist to ...	1988	2832454
updated approach to screening for cervical cancer in older women.	elderly women are inadequately screened for carcinoma of the cervix. patient, physician, and laboratory factors are responsible for this "performance gap." patients may be unaware of the need for routine screening; physicians other than obstetricians and gynecologists may not view cervical cancer screening as appropriate; and laboratories are under scrutiny for their quality control problems. data from a maryland study demonstrates the barriers to screening for the elderly: they receive sporadic ...	1988	2832258
transcriptional differences of the human papillomavirus type 16 genome between precancerous lesions and invasive carcinomas.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) genome dna and its transcripts in biopsied cervical neoplasias were analyzed by simultaneous extraction of dna and rna from one biopsied sample. southern blot analysis revealed that 5 of 20 cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (cins) contained hpv16 dnas existing primarily as episomes and two of seven invasive carcinomas harbored hpv16 genome sequences integrated into the host dna. northern (rna) blot analysis showed that the hpv16 genome sequences were transc ...	1988	2828651
identification of the e5 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 16.	sequencing of the e5 open reading frame (orf) of human papillomavirus type 16 revealed an additional nucleotide, a thymidine residue, at position 3903 compared with the original sequence (seedorf et al., virology 145:181-185, 1985). the additional t had two effects; first, in reading frame 2, in which the original e5 orf was predicted, the additional t changed the reading frame downstream of position 3903 to create an orf, which we designated e5, that terminated at position 4018 and potentially ...	1988	2828656
inducible and constitutive enhancer domains in the noncoding region of human papillomavirus type 18.	the noncoding region of human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) is shown to contain at least three enhancer elements. two of these elements are responsive to papillomavirus-encoded trans-acting factors, and the third element functions as a constitutive enhancer, requiring only cellular factors for activity. the first enhancer (ie2) is located proximal to the e6 cap site and is responsive to papillomavirus e2 trans-activator. the second enhancer (ie6) is located approximately 500 base pairs upstrea ...	1988	2828662
papillomavirus in the vapor of carbon dioxide laser-treated verrucae.	vapor produced by the carbon dioxide laser during the vaporization of papillomavirus-infected verrucae was analyzed for viral dna content. two models were used for evaluation: an in vitro cutaneous bovine fibropapilloma and an in vivo human verruca model. four bovine fibropapillomas were exposed to various laser parameters with power densities of 38,200 to 130 w/cm2 and energy fluences of 3820 to 130 j/cm2. the generated vapor was collected in a chamber in line with a vacuum system. hybridizatio ...	1988	2828703
development of cervical and vaginal squamous cell neoplasia as a late consequence of in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol.	during the last 14 years, several articles have given contradictory reports on prevalence rates of squamous cell neoplasia of the cervix and vagina in diethylstilbestrol (des)-exposed progeny. in 1984, the des-adenosis (desad) project found that the incidence of cervical and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia in des-exposed daughters was twice as high as in a comparison group of unexposed women. this was also associated with a higher rate of herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus infection ...	1988	2829071
cloning and characterization of a papillomavirus associated with papillomas and carcinomas in the european harvest mouse (micromys minutus).	individuals in a colony of european harvest mice (micromys minutus) were diagnosed with a variety of skin tumors including papillomas, trichoepitheliomas, and sebaceous carcinomas. papillomavirus group-specific antigens and viruslike particles were detected in the papillomas. a 7.6-kilobase supercoiled circular dna, which was cleaved once by ecori, was visualized in papilloma extracts by low-stringency southern blot hybridization with a bovine papillomavirus type 2 probe. the molecule was cloned ...	1988	2824849
progression of the phenotype of transformed cells after growth stimulation of cells by a human papillomavirus type 16 gene function.	alteration of the growth properties of the established murine fibroblast cell lines nih 3t3 and 3y1 was studied in monolayer cultures and in cells suspended in semisolid medium after introduction of a cloned human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) dna. hpv 16 dna stimulated both cell lines to grow beyond their saturation densities in monolayer cultures without any apparent morphological changes or tendency to pile up. these cells were also stimulated to grow in soft agar. since essentially all the ...	1988	2824852
accumulation of rna homologous to human papillomavirus type 16 open reading frames in genital precancers.	the accumulation of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16)-specific rnas in tissue sections from biopsies of patients with genital precancers was studied by in situ hybridization with single-stranded 35s-labeled rna. these analyses revealed that the most abundant early-region rnas were derived from the e4 and e5 open reading frames (orfs). rnas homologous to the e6/e7 orfs were also detected, whereas rnas homologous to the intervening e1 orf were not. this suggests that the e4 and e5 mrnas are de ...	1988	2824859
evaluation of methods for detecting human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleotide sequences in clinical specimens.	specimens from 26 condylomatous lesions, 24 invasive cancer cells, and 33 cervices, without evidence of the diseases, were tested for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 by southern blot hybridization, in situ filter hybridization, or in situ tissue hybridization methods. a total of 89% (23 of 26) of the condylomatous lesions contained hpv dnas, as determined by one or more of the methods. the positive rates for the detection of hpv dna in condylomas by the differe ...	1988	2830308
continuity of human papillomavirus (hpv) type between neoplastic precursors and invasive cervical carcinoma. an in situ hybridization study.	infection by the human papillomaviruses (hpv) represents an important risk factor in squamous lesions of various sites. more recently, data suggest that the glandular components of some tumors may also contain human papillomaviruses. this association may implicate hpvs in the genesis of these lesions as well. we present a longitudinal in situ hybridization study of hpv expression within a single patient, showing viral mrna in squamous dysplasia, squamous and adenocarcinoma in situ, and in invasi ...	1988	2830800
histological correlates of clinically occult human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix.	occult infection of the uterine cervix by human papillomavirus (hpv) is assumed when viral dna sequences are detected from cervical swabs but no lesion is detectable and the papanicolaou smear is negative. in an attempt to identify what histological changes correlate with occult infections, dna was extracted from 200 cervical swabs taken from hysterectomy specimens. the dna was analyzed by southern blot hybridization for the presence of hpv sequences. eleven cases (5.5%) were positive. the entir ...	1988	2830801
condylomata acuminata of the urinary bladder. natural history, viral typing, and dna content.	three patients with condylomata acuminata of the urinary bladder are reported. two of the patients were immunosuppressed, and one had longstanding extensive condylomata acuminata of the external genitalia and adjacent areas. all lesions recurred at least once and were difficult to treat. the diagnosis was confirmed by in situ hybridization on archival material with human papillomavirus (hpv) dna probes under stringent conditions. in two of the patients, probes for hpv types 6 and 11 were positiv ...	1988	2830802
histological and cytological evidence of viral infection and human papillomavirus type 16 dna sequences in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and normal tissue in the west of scotland: evaluation of treatment policy.	biopsy samples from 27 patients referred to a colposcopy clinic in glasgow for cervical abnormalities were assessed for the relations among colposcopic appearances, cytological and histological diagnosis, expression of papillomavirus antigen, and the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) sequences. specimens were from colposcopically abnormal areas of the transformation zone and from colposcopically apparently normal areas of the zone in the s ...	1988	2830935
possible prognostic significance of human papillomavirus type in cervical cancer.	while several different human papillomaviruses (hpv) have been associated with cancer of the cervix, it is yet to be determined if specific hpv types have clinical or prognostic significance. to address this question, 30 cases of invasive carcinoma (squamous carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma) with hpv dna sequences detectable in the tissue were analyzed. hpv type was determined by southern blot dna hybridization. clinical information was obtained by chart review, and all bio ...	1988	2831120
sexual transmission of human papillomaviruses in heterosexual and male homosexual couples, studied by dna hybridisation.	the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) 6, 11, 16, and 18 in 36 heterosexual couples and seven male homosexual couples with genital warts was investigated for evidence of sexual transmission of genital hpv. the prevalence of virus type and number of copies of viral genome equivalents/cell in the lesions were assessed, and the factors influencing transmission analysed. our results show that hpv 6 and, to a lesser extent, hpv 11 were the types most readily transmitted, and that transmission a ...	1988	2831137
isolation of a novel human papillomavirus (type 51) from a cervical condyloma.	we cloned the dna from a novel human papillomavirus (hpv) present in a cervical condyloma. when dna from this isolate was hybridized at high stringency with hpv types 1 through 50 (hpv-1 through hpv-50), it showed weak homology with hpv-6 and -16 and stronger homology with hpv-26. a detailed restriction endonuclease map was prepared which showed marked differences from the maps for other hpvs that have been isolated from the female genital tract. reassociation kinetic analysis revealed that hpv- ...	1988	2831406
[controlled study of cases of cervico-uterine cancer and infection with human papilloma virus in latin america].		1988	2831566
dna sequence of the hpv-16 e5 orf and the structural conservation of its encoded protein.	infection of cervical epithelium by human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) appears to be closely associated with the development of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. by inference from genetic and biochemical studies of the bovine papillomavirus, the e5 orf of the human papillomaviruses is anticipated to encode a "transforming" protein. in an effort to compare the e5 orf of hpv-16 with other human papillomaviruses and bovine papillomavirus, we sequenced this region from a new isolate of hpv-16 whi ...	1988	2831662
human papillomavirus: implications for clinical medicine.		1988	2831766
does human papillomavirus cause cervical cancer? the state of the epidemiological evidence.	the human papillomavirus has emerged over the past decade as the leading candidate to be the sexually transmitted aetiological factor in cervical cancer. although it appears that papillomavirus types 16 and 18 are associated with a higher risk of advanced cervical neoplasia, most of the evidence comes from studies which do not satisfy basic epidemiological requirements, and are therefore difficult to interpret. the most significant problems are the small sample size, potentially biased selection ...	1988	2831924
psychosexual trauma of an abnormal cervical smear.	the psychosexual sequelae of diagnosis and treatment of pre-invasive cervical atypia were assessed in three groups of women. the first group included 30 women referred to a colposcopy clinic with an abnormal cervical smear indicating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin), the second comprised 50 women who were traced as sexual partners of men with penile human papillomavirus (hpv) infection; 26 of them had histologically proven cervical atypia and 24 had no such evidence. the third group incl ...	1988	2831933
genital virus infection and cervical neoplasia.	the reported association between genital infection by herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 and cervical neoplasia has been investigated at a molecular level. tissue culture of over 50 cervical cancers resulted in the development of several cell lines but none of these expressed hsv information. the permanent cell line, cx106, which was generated was found to contain multiple genome copies of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16. southern blot analysis of nine cervical cancers showed an authentic 2.8 ...	1988	2831934
prevalence of human papillomavirus types in the cervices of women before and after laser ablation.		1988	2831935
viral infection, human papillomavirus dna, and cervical neoplasia.		1988	2832035
large atypical polyps of the vagina during pregnancy with concomitant human papilloma virus infection.	a 25-yr-old primigravid patient with large atypical fibroepithelial polyps of the vagina is presented. the tumors necessitated interruption of the pregnancy by cesarean section at 34 wks. after delivery the tumors were excised, and the patient has been symptom-free for 12 months. there was an intercurrent human papilloma virus (hpv) infection in the vaginal epithelium. the nature of rare atypical vaginal fibroepithelial polyps is discussed on the basis of the literature. these lesions are clinic ...	1988	2828132
detection of human papilloma virus in paraffin-embedded tissue using the polymerase chain reaction.	human papilloma virus (hpv) dna sequences have been detected in paraffin-embedded tissue using an enzymatic in vitro amplification technique known as the polymerase chain reaction. amplification of a hpv dna sequence before its detection with a cdna probe significantly increases the rapidity as well as the sensitivity of detection such that a single 5-10-micron thick paraffin-embedded tissue section can be analyzed within 24 h. the assay specifically detected hpv 16 or 18 without crossreactivity ...	1988	2826637
physical state and biological activity of human papillomavirus genomes in precancerous lesions of the female genital tract.	the dna of distinct human papillomaviruses (hpvs) is regularly detected in the majority of human cervical carcinomas. in contrast to benign hpv-induced genital lesions, where the viral genomes are exclusively present as episomes, in cervical carcinomas hpv type 16 (hpv16) dna was found to be integrated into the host dna. in order to determine the physical state and expression of hpv dna sequences at different stages of tumour development, we analysed a series of cervical lesions (mild, moderate ...	1988	2826665
identification of the human papillomavirus e2 protein in genital tract tissues.	a 27-kilodalton protein representing approximately 60% of the e2 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv-6) was synthesized in a bacterial expression system. affinity-purified polyclonal antibody to this protein detected the probable e2 gene product as a 50-kilodalton protein in most condylomas by western blot (immunoblot) analysis. the e2-positive condylomas were associated with hpv-6, hpv-11, hpv-16, or unidentified hpvs.	1988	2826817
human papillomavirus type 16 open reading frame e7 encodes a transforming gene for rat 3y1 cells.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv 16) dna is capable of morphologically transforming rat 3y1 cells. the expression plasmids, constructed from the simian virus 40-based expression vector psv2-0 and specific dna fragments from the putative early region of the hpv 16 genome, were tested for their transforming capacity. among the various psv2 plasmids, only those containing the intact e7 coding region were found to produce foci of the transformed rat cells which could grow in a soft-agar medium. the ...	1988	2826818
regression of oral hairy leukoplakia after orally administered acyclovir therapy.	to define the role of epstein-barr virus (ebv) in the pathogenesis of oral hairy leukoplakia, 13 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive men with clinical and histologic evidence of oral hairy leukoplakia were enrolled in an open-label trial of orally administered acyclovir therapy (3.2 g/d for 20 days). of six patients who received therapy, five exhibited clinical regression. once therapy was discontinued, recurrences occurred in all responders. among seven patients who refused therapy, no sp ...	1988	2826830
colposcopy is superior to cytology for the detection of early genital human papillomavirus infection.	of 2232 women with no cytologic evidence of intraepithelial neoplasia, 250 (11.2%) were positive for human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) by filter in situ hybridization. in 150 of those human papillomavirus-positive patients, an adequate colposcopic examination of the cervix was possible; human papillomavirus infection was diagnosed in 104 women (70%). cervical cytology showed evidence of human papillomavirus infection in only 23 patients (15%). the following colposcopic features we ...	1988	2827083
human papillomavirus types and localization in adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a study by in situ dna hybridization.	formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 108 cases of invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix, consisting of 40 cases of adenocarcinoma, 44 cases of adenosquamous carcinoma, and, as a control, 24 cases of squamous cell carcinoma were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna by in situ hybridization of high sensitivity using tritium-labeled hpv-2, hpv-6, hpv-16, and hpv-18 dna probes. this method detects five genome copies of homologous hpv dna per cell. hpv dna was dete ...	1988	2827890
expression of cytokeratin polypeptides in human papillomavirus (hpv) lesions of the uterine cervix: 1. relationship to grade of cin and hpv type.	a series of 74 punch biopsies, derived from 513 women prospectively followed for cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infections (including hpv-ncin, hpv-cin i, hpv-cin ii, and hpv-cin iii lesions), and 43 control cases (consisting of normal epithelia, nonspecific cervicitis, and classical cin lesions) were analysed for expression of cytokeratin polypeptides using the abc technique and monoclonal antibodies sk 56-23 (wide-spectrum antibody), sk 60-61 (specific for keratins 8 and 18), and sk 2-27 ...	1988	2450850
characterization of primary human keratinocytes transformed by human papillomavirus type 18.	primary human epithelial cells were cotransfected with phpv-18 and psv2neo, and cell strains were generated by selecting in g418. one cell strain (fe-a), which exhibits an extended life span, is currently in its 30th passage. in comparison, control cultures can only be maintained up to the seventh passage. southern blot analysis revealed the presence of at least one intact, integrated viral genome in these cells. fe-a cells showed altered growth properties, characterized by a change in morpholog ...	1988	2452896
cervical lesions in patients with malignant melanoma.	koilocytes were found in the cervical epithelium in association with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in 8 out of 9 cases of malignant melanoma. this suggests that the cervical lesion in them was of viral origin. in 62 women with malignant melanoma but without cervical atypia there was also an excess of koilocytosis compared with controls with neither lesion. these findings point to the possibility that human papilloma virus infection may also be involved in the development of malignant melan ...	1988	2453994
immunohistochemistry (s 100, kl 1) and human papillomavirus dna hybridization on morbus bowen and bowenoid papulosis.	in this study 55 paraffin embedded samples defined as bowen's disease or bowenoid papulosis were investigated with antibodies against s 100 protein and keratins (kl 1). s 100-positive cells were quantified and related to defined section area of the epidermal compartment by computer-assisted image analysis. the density of s 100-positive cells was compared with normal skin and was particularly related to growth patterns and keratinization of the different lesions under study. s 100-positive dendri ...	1988	2455378
condyloma acuminatum of the bladder in two autopsy cases.	condyloma acuminatum is a very rare lesion occurring in the bladder. we report two cases of condyloma acuminatum of the bladder found at autopsy, one in a 96-year-old woman and the other in an 80-year-old man. both had papillary or polypoid tumorous lesions in the trigone and neck of the bladder. the lesions were composed of nodular or papillary growths of squamous epithelium. the epithelium exhibited koilocytosis and the nuclei showed immunohistochemical staining for human papillomavirus antige ...	1988	2455958
characterization of normal human exocervical epithelial cells immortalized in vitro by papillomavirus types 16 and 18 dna.	an in vitro system for studying the interaction between human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 and 18 recombinant dna and normal human exocervical epithelial cells is described. eight hpv-immortalized human exocervical epithelial cell lines were established; all the lines contained either integrated hpv16 or 18 sequences and expressed hpv mrnas. thus, integration and expression appear to be required for immortalization. immortalized cells (greater than 200 population doublings to date) divided rapidly (d ...	1988	2456144
analysis of hpv-1 e4 gene expression using epitope-defined antibodies.	six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been raised against the e4 proteins of hpv-1. five of these were found to recognize denaturation-resistant epitopes as determined by western blotting--and their binding sites were identified by determining their reactivity against a panel of bacterial e4--beta-galactosidase fusion proteins which contained progressive deletions at the c-terminal end of the e4 region. the five mabs were found to bind to four distinct sites. by using these epitope-defined mabs, ...	1988	2456213
human papillomavirus: the untreated male reservoir.	human papillomavirus infection currently is accepted as a major factor in the etiology of carcinoma of the cervix, vagina and vulva. while the nature of genital human papillomavirus infection in women is well documented, detailed knowledge of the disease in the male partners is lacking. therefore, a prospective study was done to define the disease in the genitals of heterosexual men and to formulate an appropriate plan of management. we studied 52 men during an 8-month period for evidence of gen ...	1988	2456403
continuous cell lines with altered growth and differentiation properties originate after transfection of human keratinocytes with human papillomavirus type 16 dna.	immortalization of human keratinocytes (hkc) by human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) is reproducible at a high frequency, is due directly to the presence of the viral sequences in the cells, and occurs independently from the genetic characteristics of the host cells. ten human keratinocyte strains, each derived from a different individual, were transfected with pmhpv16d and selected with g418. eight became established lines. two strains, which failed to grow shortly after successful g418 selecti ...	1988	2457456
selective suppression of human papillomavirus transcription in non-tumorigenic cells by 5-azacytidine.	the transcription of human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv 18) is selectively suppressed in non-tumorigenic hela x fibroblast or hela x keratinocyte cell hybrids by 5-azacytidine. in contrast, viral gene expression is not influenced by 5-azacytidine in both tumorigenic hybrid segregants and in the parental hela cells. the suppression mechanism seems to operate at the level of initiation of transcription since nuclear run-on experiments show the absence of elongated nascent viral rna, whereas the tra ...	1988	2457495
comparison of the in vitro transforming activities of human papillomavirus types.	the association of certain human papillomavirus (hpv) types with the majority of human cervical carcinomas suggests a role for the virus in the development of this type of cancer. in this paper, we have examined the transforming properties of several hpv types where the early region genes of the virus are under the control of a strong heterologous promoter and show that major differences exist between the hpv types in their ability to transform primary rat kidney epithelial cells in conjunction ...	1988	2458921
oral hairy leukoplakia: a light microscopic and immunohistochemical study.	we compared the light microscopic features and immunoperoxidase staining for human papillomavirus antigen of oral hairy leukoplakia (ohl) and flat condylomatous lesions of the cervix. our findings support the conclusion that ohl and flat condylomatous lesions of the cervix are not similar morphologically or etiologically. therefore the term koilocyte seems inappropriate to describe the swollen epithelial cells in ohl. the various diagnostic criteria for a diagnosis of ohl were reviewed. on the b ...	1988	2459649
human papillomavirus type 16 alters human epithelial cell differentiation in vitro.	human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16, 18, 31, and 33 have been implicated as etiologic agents of cervical and penile cancer. using a cell culture system for keratinocytes which allows stratification and production of differentiation-specific keratins, we have examined the effects of one of these viruses, hpv-16, on the differentiation capabilities of human epithelial cells. a plasmid containing the hpv-16 genome and a neomycin-selectable marker was transfected into primary human epidermal cells a ...	1988	2459699
[the campaign against sexually transmissible diseases and endemic treponematoses].	from the moment who was established in 1948, the control of venereal diseases was felt to deserve highest priority, together with activities to control malaria and tuberculosis. international action was needed in view of the high morbidity and mortality from venereal diseases, their serious human and social consequences, and the prevalence of congenital syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhoea, chancroid, venereal lymphogranulomatosis, granuloma inguinale). who immediately se ...	1988	2459857
quantitative keratinocyte assay detects two biological activities of human papillomavirus dna and identifies viral types associated with cervical carcinoma.	keratinocytes electroporated with human papillomavirus (hpv) dna (hpv-6, 11, 16 and 18) exhibited an increased cellular proliferation which was quantitated as microcolony and macrocolony formation. however, only macrocolonies induced by hpv-16 or hpv-18 dna (the two viral types most commonly found in human cervical carcinomas) gave rise to proliferating, poorly-stratified colonies when grown in the presence of serum and calcium. hydrocortisone increased the frequency of these differentiation-res ...	1988	2460337
human papillomavirus dna in normal, metaplastic, preneoplastic and neoplastic epithelia of the cervix uteri.	colposcopically directed cervical punch biopsies from 362 patients were screened by southern blot hybridization for the presence of dna of human papillomavirus (hpv) 6, 10, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33. the biopsies represented original squamous epithelium, epithelium of metaplastic origin, different stages of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and invasive carcinomas. hpv6/11, 16, 18 and 31 were detected in 2.9% to 13.7% of histologically normal epithelia. hpv6/11 prevailed in cin i. hpv16 was c ...	1988	2826346
characterization of a new human papillomavirus (hpv 41) from disseminated warts and detection of its dna in some skin carcinomas.	a new human papillomavirus type (hpv 41), distantly related to known hpv prototypes, was isolated from a patient with disseminated facial, peri-anal and foot warts (epidermodysplasia verruciformis was not diagnosed). the viral dna was molecularly cloned in 2 bamh1 restriction fragments with sizes of 6.5 kb and 0.98 kb, respectively. the classification of this cloned dna as a new type is based on the degree of cross-hybridization with 40 hpv types under conditions of varying stringency. a total o ...	1988	2826347
analysis of human papillomavirus sequences in cell lines recently derived from cervical cancers.	the dna and rna from four cell lines recently derived from cervical carcinomas (hx151c, hx155c, hx156c, and hx160c) were analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus dna. each contained hpv-16 dna in a multicopy integrated form of varying complexity. each also expressed rna transcripts of similar sizes to caski cell transcripts. the splice acceptor position within the e6 coding region of the cell line hx156c was identical to caski, siha, and hela cells as well as a cell line derived from mo ...	1988	2825972
prevalence of human papillomavirus in inverted nasal papillomas.	human papillomaviruses (hpvs) have been associated with both benign and malignant neoplasms of the head and neck. to determine the prevalence and types of hpvs in this neoplasm, we examined fixed tissue from 21 patients by in situ hybridization. human papillomavirus types 6b and 11 probes were used, and hybridization was positive to both types in lesions from 16 (76%) of 21 patients. hybridization to the hpv-11 probe resulted in the most intense nuclear staining throughout the epithelium, probab ...	1988	2825730
persistence and expression of human papillomavirus during interferon therapy.	alpha interferon did not prevent the persistence or expression of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6 or 11 in respiratory tract papillomas. seventeen patients receiving interferon therapy for a minimum of six months and a maximum of 39 months still had one to ten copies per cell genome of hpv dna in their laryngeal tissues, seen by southern blot hybridization. in papillomas that recurred during treatment, hpv rna could be detected by in situ hybridization, and capsid protein could be detected by ...	1988	2825731
penile studies and heterosexual partners. peniscopy, cytology, histology, and immunocytochemistry.	the male partners of 20 women with human papilloma virus (hpv) infection (subtypes 6, 11, 16, and 18) were studied. these men were unsuspecting and allowed investigation "for scientific reasons" in the context of the abnormal findings in their female partners. peniscopy (study of the penis with a colposcope) was abnormal in 17 cases. in the cytologic-brush preparations of the urethra, hyperkeratosis (visualized with the modified papanicolaou technique) occurred in all cases, but koilocytosis in ...	1988	2450635
epidermal langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, and keratinocytes in viral lesions of skin and mucous membranes: an immunohistochemical study.	we wanted to evaluate the eventual expression of viral antigens and mhc class ii products by keratinocytes as well as the alterations of epidermal langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in viral lesions of skin and mucous membranes. therefore we investigated 68 biopsy specimens of protracted viral lesions, such as warts, condylomas, and mollusca contagiosa, and of rapidly resolving viral lesions such as herpes simplex virus infection. for this we used immunohistochemical staining techniques ...	1988	2466441