Publications

[pathogenicity of avian adenoviruses in chickens].	in the last years avian adenoviruses have caused diseases with similar symptoms and high losses in four countries. the causative viruses could be grouped by cross-neutralization tests and restriction enzyme analysis into four serotypes. within the serotypes there exist strains with pathogenic properties as well as strains without pathogenicity. epidemiologic investigations demonstrated that not only immunosuppression or co-infections produce diseases after adenovirus infections. vertical transmi ...	1994	7940515
adenovirus endopeptidases.		1994	7845235
effect of composting poultry carcasses on survival of exotic avian viruses: highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus and adenovirus of egg drop syndrome-76.	eight-week-old chickens were inoculated with one of two exotic viruses to determine the effect of composting on virus survival. group 1 chickens were inoculated with highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus via the caudal thoracic air sac. group 2 chickens were inoculated with the adenovirus that causes egg drop syndrome-76 (eds-76) by the oral route. five days after inoculation, lung, trachea, and air sacs for hpai and spleen, cecal tonsils, and bursa of fabricius for eds-76 were collecte ...	1994	7702505
inclusion body hepatitis in gambel's quail (callipepla gambelii).	an acute necrotizing hepatitis in 1- to 3-wk-old gambel's quail (callipepla gambelii) caused by an adenovirus is described. the infection caused high mortality in captive raised, orphan chicks at two wildlife rehabilitation facilities in arizona (usa). gross lesions varied from pale livers to multiple, pinpoint, white foci scattered throughout the livers. microscopically, scattered foci of hepatocellular necrosis were present. intact hepatocytes at teh periphery of necrotic foci had eosinophilic ...	1994	8028119
histochemical/histoenzymic studies in broiler chicks fed aflatoxin, ochratoxin and inoculated with inclusion body hepatitis virus singly and in concurrence.	the effect of feeding mycotoxins, i.e. aflatoxin b1 (1.25 ppm from 3 to 38 days of age) and ochratoxin a (0.5 ppm from 3 to 38 days of age) along with inclusion body hepatitis virus (ibhv) inoculation (at 10 days of age) singly and in combination was studied in broiler chicks. birds in combined treatment groups, i.e. aflatoxin fed and virus inoculated and ochratoxin fed and virus inoculated, showed more changes in activities of phosphatases (akpase, atpase, g-6-pase and acpase) in liver and kidn ...	1994	8028644
the penton base of human adenovirus type 3 has the rgd motif.	the gene encoding the penton base of human adenovirus (ad) type 3 has been sequenced. the resulting amino-acid sequence has an arg-gly-asp (rgd) motif located near its middle in a hydrophilic region. the same motif is found in serotypes 2, 5 and 12. this sequence was found [wickham et al., cell 73 (1993) 309-319] to be involved in the internalisation of ad2 through an interaction with some specific integrins.	1994	8076828
response of specific-pathogen-free turkeys to vaccines derived from marble spleen disease virus and hemorrhagic enteritis virus.	tissue-culture-propagated marble spleen disease virus (msdv-tc) and two preparations of spleen homogenate (msdv-sh and msdv-sh-tc) were compared as anti-hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) vaccines in specific-pathogen-free turkeys. both types of vaccines spread horizontally among turkeys, induced anti-hev antibodies, and protected turkeys against challenge with virulent hev. antibody development and horizontal spread of virus occurred earlier in turkeys given msdv-sh or msdv-sh-tc than in those g ...	1994	7832705
the pathogenesis of quail bronchitis.	to determine the fate of virus and characterize the development of lesions, 1-week-old bobwhite quails (colinus virginianus) were inoculated intratracheally with 10(6) mean tissue-culture-infective doses of quail bronchitis virus. quails were killed and necropsied sequentially at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours postinoculation (pi) and on days 2-10 pi. virus was first isolated from the lung as early as 2 hours pi, from cecal tonsils and bursa of fabricius 4 hours pi, and from spleen and liver 8 hours ...	1994	7832708
isolation of an adenovirus from an ostrich (struthio camelus) causing pancreatitis in experimentally infected guinea fowl (numida meleagris).	an adenovirus was isolated from the pancreas, kidney, and lung of a dead 4-month-old ostrich (struthio camelus). experimental infection of week-old guinea fowl (numida meleagris) was carried out in order to study transmission. of the infected keets, six out of 15 died; these exhibited pancreatitis, presence of a hemorrhagic liquid in the abdominal cavity, kidney degeneration, and pulmonary lesions. the remaining birds, euthanatized on day 21 postinoculation, showed chronic pancreatitis. the viru ...	1994	7832722
hemorrhagic enteritis by adenovirus-like particles in turkeys: a possible pathogenic mechanism.	this paper describes an outbreak of hemorrhagic enteritis due to adenovirus in turkeys in spain. diagnosis of the disease was confirmed by histopathological examination and the observation of adenovirus in spleen mononuclear cells and intestinal infiltrate. evidence was also found of intravascular coagulation, which may give rise to the bleeding considered characteristic of this disease.	1994	7832723
long-term episomal gene delivery in human lymphoid cells using human and avian adenoviral-assisted transfection.	human b-lymphoblastoid cells transformed by epstein-barr virus (ebv), a common source of established human cell lines, are generally refractory to standard dna transfection methods. we report here the use of human and chicken adenoviruses for the stable delivery of plasmid dna carrying the latent origin of replication, orip, from ebv into human b-lymphoblastoid cells. long-term hygromycin-resistant transformants of human lymphoblastoid cells belonging to the genetically unstable inherited diseas ...	1994	7873181
experimental infection of bobwhite quail with indiana c adenovirus.	bobwhite quails (colinus virginianus) were inoculated intratracheally, intraperitoneally, or subcutaneously with indiana c adenovirus at 1, 3, 6, or 9 weeks of age. mortality rates were 33-100% in quails inoculated at 1 or 3 weeks of age and 0-10% in quails inoculated at 6 or 9 weeks of age. gross and histologic lesions included necrotizing tracheitis and bronchitis with pneumonia, necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis, and lymphoid depletion of the bursa of fabricius; these were consistent with q ...	1994	7980283
use of virulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus for the induction of colibacillosis in turkeys.	three hundred fifty 1-day-old large white turkeys were reared in brooding batteries to 10 days of age, after which they were moved to floor pens on litter. at 7 weeks of age, poults were allotted into four treatment groups as follows: 1) virulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) alone (100 turkeys), 2) escherichia coli alone (100 turkeys), 3) hev + e. coli (100 turkeys), and 4) negative controls (50 turkeys). hev was given orally at 7 weeks of age, followed by e. coli challenge in the drinking ...	1993	8383956
adenovirus inclusion body ventriculitis in chickens and captive bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus).	gizzard erosions and ulcers are associated with dietary deficiencies and toxins. a retrospective study of histopathology reports over an 8-year period (1985-92) found six cases of adenovirus inclusion body ventriculitis in broiler and leghorn chickens and captive bobwhite quail (colinus viriginianus) in south georgia. the relationship between intralesional virus and the pathogenesis of ventricular lesions in chicks and quail in the present study is not known.	1993	8395808
liquid crystalline dna in fowl adenovirus.	fowl adenovirus particles were studied using negative stain electron microscopy. upon preparation, some particles collapsed and showed their internal structure. the dna could be observed as thin parallel lines with a spacing of 25 a, very similar to images of the liquid crystalline dna in bacteriophage heads and in herpes virus.	1993	8396954
an improved dot elisa to detect fowl adenovirus type-1 antigen.	an improved dot immunobinding assay to detect fowl adenovirus type-1 is described. the method consists of spotting of antigen on nitrocellulose membrane sheet, blocking with either 5% acetic acid or with 5% defatted milk powder and fixation of either antigen or antigen-antibody complex, with either 50% methanol or 0.25% glutaraldehyde or 0.2% tannic acid. the results revealed that fixation of both antigen and antigen-antibody complex resulted in 4-fold increase in sensitivity when acetic acid wa ...	1993	8403840
[analysis of rat2 cells, transformed by the celo (fav1) virus, using the polymerase chain reaction].	dnas extracted from the rat2 cells transformed by the celo virus (strain phelps) have been analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. sequences belonging to the left end of the viral genome (according to ishibashi & yasue, 1984) were not found in the tested dnas. on the other hand, the polymerase chain reaction data have revealed the presence of fragments specific of the opposite end. we conclude that this region may have included the genes responsible for cell transformation, at least as far as phe ...	1993	8394508
organization of the avian adenovirus genome and the structure of its endopeptidase.	in the search for the endopeptidase gene, short segments of genomic dna were sequenced from the avian adenovirus type 1 (celo) hindiii c and g fragments. on the basis of homology of the translated segments to ad2 proteins, the genes for hexon, endopeptidase, dna-binding protein, and 100k protein were mapped in that order between map units 41 and 63. the endopeptidase gene was encoded within a 900 nucleotide segment extending leftward from the ecori site at coordinate 50. the predicted aavl endop ...	1993	8395124
identification of a fowl adenovirus gene with sequence homology to the 100k gene of human adenovirus.	the nucleotide sequence of a region of the fowl adenovirus serotype 10 (fav-10) genome, located between map units 57.3 and 62.6, has been determined. this sequence contains the entire coding region of the fav equivalent to the 100k gene of human adenovirus (hav). the fav 100k polypeptide was found to consist of 798 amino acids with a deduced m(r) of 89,023.	1993	8224879
biological characterisation of an indian isolate of egg drop syndrome-76 virus.	an isolate of egg drop syndrome-76 virus replicated best in primary chicken embryo liver cells and less well in duck embryo liver cells, duck embryo fibroblast cells and chicken embryo kidney cells. the cytopathic effect in chicken embryo liver cells was marked by the presence of round and refractile cells and detachment of cells from the glass surface. the intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies were observed by 24 to 48 hours after infection. no virus multiplication was observed in primary ...	1993	8284511
serological relationships within the group e fowl adenoviruses.	antisera were raised in chickens to six group e fowl adenoviruses (fav) which have been divided into a highly virulent (hypervirulent) and a mildly virulent subgroup using restriction endonuclease analysis. virus neutralisations showed that these two distinct restriction endonuclease groups were distinguishable serologically, and indicated a possible vaccine candidate for use against the hypervirulent fav. the suitability of this candidate was established in challenge experiments where vaccinati ...	1993	8294186
physical mapping and homology studies of egg drop syndrome (eds-76) adenovirus dna.	homologous sequences between eds-76 adenovirus strain 127 dna and bovine adenovirus dna were found by the southern blotting technique and no homology with celo virus dna could be detected. these data suggest a genetic similarity between eds-76 virus and bovine adenoviruses. the fragments generated form eds-76 adenovirus dna by eight restriction endonucleases were physically mapped.	1993	8380323
protection of turkeys against haemorrhagic enteritis by monoclonal antibody and hexon immunization.	virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies specific for the hexon of haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev), a turkey adenovirus, were examined for their ability to confer passive protection against haemorrhagic enteritis (he) in turkeys. a high dose of antibody prevented clinical disease and reduced virus replication in experimentally infected birds. this suggests that virus neutralization might be an important mechanism for protection against he. subsequently, the use of the hexon protein as a subun ...	1993	8383383
replication cycle and associated biosynthetic reactions for a non-oncogenic avian adenovirus.	the replication cycle of the non-oncogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 10 (fav-10) has been examined. the onset of viral dna synthesis was shown to commence at about 10 h postinfection (hpi) defining the early period of viral replication as prior to this time and the late phase as that time following the initiation of dna replication. virus titre rapidly increased between 18 and 24 hpi with maximum virus yield between 28 and 30 hpi. the late phase transcription profiles of the fav-10 genome from 10 ...	1993	8212861
chicken adenovirus (celo virus) particles augment receptor-mediated dna delivery to mammalian cells and yield exceptional levels of stable transformants.	delivery of genes via receptor-mediated endocytosis is severely limited by the poor exit of endocytosed dna from the endosome. a large enhancement in delivery efficiency has been obtained by including human adenovirus particles in the delivery system. this enhancement is probably a function of the natural adenovirus entry mechanism, which must include passage through or disruption of the endosomal membrane. in an effort to identify safer virus particles useful in this application, we have tested ...	1993	8099627
protection against hemorrhagic enteritis and newcastle disease in turkeys by embryo vaccination with monovalent and bivalent vaccines.	the feasibility of embryo vaccination against hemorrhagic enteritis (he) and newcastle disease (nd) in specific-pathogen-free turkey embryos was studied. turkey eggs were injected with marble spleen disease virus (msdv) at embryonation day (ed) 24, and tissues of poults hatching from virus-injected eggs were examined for msdv. the virus was detected in spleen, intestine, liver, and bursa between 4 to 10 days postinoculation (pi). the peak titer of msdv was present in the spleen at 6 days pi. pou ...	1993	8395802
pathogenesis of hemorrhagic enteritis virus infection in turkeys.	the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic enteritis was investigated in 4-week-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) turkeys after oral administration of hemorrhagic enteritis virus. the virus antigen was detected and quantified in tissues at various days post-infection (dpi) by an avidin-biotin-enhanced enzyme immunoassay and was located by a monoclonal antibody-based immunoperoxidase (ip) staining technique. in the intestinal tract, low levels of viral antigen were detected from 1 to 3 and 9 to 15 dpi, where ...	1993	8128806
the identification of genes for the major core proteins of fowl adenovirus serotype 10.	the sequence analysis of 1218 base pairs containing the probable fowl adenovirus (fav) equivalents to the major core genes of human adenovirus (hav) located on the late transcription unit number 2 (l2) has been completed. two open reading frames (orf) 3 prime to the gene for the penton base have been identified (41.3 to 43.4 map units). the putative poly a recognition sequence signalling the end of the l2 transcription unit has also been located. the two orfs identified encode polypeptides that ...	1993	7691049
evaluation of the interaction of eimeria meleagrimitis with hemorrhagic enteritis virus or marble spleen disease virus in turkeys.	the interaction of eimeria meleagrimitis with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) or marble spleen disease virus (msdv) was studied in 4-week-old female turkeys. birds given either virus in combination with the coccidia showed greater weight gain than did birds given hev alone. a combination of msdv and e. meleagrimitis resulted in significantly lower oocyst production when oocysts were counted from individual birds. levels of serum glucose, serum albumin, and total protein were reduced in birds g ...	1993	8395795
outbreaks of egg drop syndrome due to eds-76 virus in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	two outbreaks of the egg drop syndrome were observed in quail flocks maintained on a farm together with chickens. the decrease in egg production ranged from 10.6 per cent to 50.6 per cent, and the number of soft-shelled eggs increased with the decline in egg production. in both the outbreaks haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies to eds-76 virus were detected. fluorescent viral antigen specific to eds-76 virus was also detected in the lining epithelial and glandular cells of the uterus.	1992	1329304
viral tracheitis in goslings in saskatchewan.	up to 12% mortality occurred in goslings between 4 and 11 days of age in two sequential hatches from a single breeder flock. respiratory signs were noted before the birds died. the most consistent necropsy finding was a white opaque plug of fibrin and cellular debris in the trachea. the tracheal epithelium was hyperplastic and metaplastic with intranuclear inclusion bodies present in superficial cells. an adenovirus was isolated in both chicken and goose embryo liver cells.	1992	1314554
characterization of the avian adenovirus penton base.	a portion of the fowl adenovirus 10 (fav-10) penton base gene was located within a sau3a genomic dna fragment by the combination of a plasmid expression library and colony immunoassays with rabbit anti-fav-10-sera. the coding portion of the sequence contained in the expression vector was mapped to a 11.6-kb bg/ii fragment and more precisely mapped to the right-hand end of the 11.6-kb fragment at map units 37.7 to 41.3. nucleotide sequence analysis of the region revealed an open reading frame of ...	1992	1316685
inclusion bodies containing adenovirus-like particles in the intestine of a psittacine bird affected by inclusion body hepatitis.	this paper reports a case of inclusion body hepatitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the liver and the intestine of a yellow-naped amazon parrot (amazona ochrocephala). structurally, basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in hepatic cells and enterocytes. ultrastructurally, icosahedral adenovirus-like particles, 60-75 nm in diameter, were found in the same cells.	1992	1318426
inclusion body hepatitis associated with an adenovirus in racing pigeons in australia.		1992	1318715
immune function in pheasants experimentally infected with marble spleen disease virus.	two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of marble spleen disease virus (msdv) infection on the immune response of pheasants. in the first, 15 ring-necked pheasants were inoculated orally with cell-culture-propagated msdv and 15 received saline (controls). on days 7, 21, and 35 postinoculation (pi), all birds received sheep erythrocytes intravenously. hemagglutination titers to sheep erythrocytes were determined for serum samples collected weekly for 6 weeks. the virus-inoculated gr ...	1992	1320870
relationship between age of flock seroconversion to hemorrhagic enteritis virus and appearance of adenoviral inclusions in the spleen and renal tubule epithelia of turkeys.	a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the temporal relationship between flock seroconversion to hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) and the appearance of adenoviral inclusions in the spleen and renal tubular epithelium. the study was conducted on samples of turkey poults submitted to the fresno branch of the california veterinary diagnostic laboratory system during may to december 1988. the study included 78 submissions (four to eight poults per submission) of ages ranging from 6 to 15 w ...	1992	1314556
effect of adenovirus infection on adiposity in chicken.	excessive fat accumulation has been observed in the field in chickens infected with adenovirus. in the present study this has been verified under experimental conditions. chickens inoculated with adenovirus showed lesser weight gain but excessive adiposity compared to normal control chickens. these changes could not be explained by variation in food consumption. chickens acquiring adenovirus naturally from the inoculated group showed similar adiposity. serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels o ...	1992	1320784
detection of type ii avian adenoviral antigen in tissue sections using immunohistochemical staining.	an immunohistochemical staining technique for the detection of marble spleen disease (msd) viral antigens and other type ii avian adenoviral antigens was developed using a mixture of monoclonal antibodies produced against hemorrhagic enteritis (he) virus and a commercial streptavidin-biotin peroxidase indicator system. this technique was applied to both frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. the immunohistochemical staining technique was used on tissues from pheasants with ...	1992	1320863
increased numbers of duodenal mucosal mast cells in turkeys inoculated with hemorrhagic enteritis virus.	the relation between average duodenal mast cell count, duodenal mucosal mast cell numbers, duodenal connective tissue mast cell numbers, circulating basophil numbers, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lesion score were studied to gain an understanding of the events that may lead to intestinal lesion formation associated with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) infection. changes in vascular permeability in the duodenum in birds inoculated with hev were examined, using colloidal carbon and ferrit ...	1992	1326244
characterization of the structural proteins of hemorrhagic enteritis virus.	the structural proteins of hemorrhagic enteritis (hev), a turkey adenovirus, were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and western blotting using polyspecific, monospecific and monoclonal antibodies for detection. in purified hev preparations, eleven polypeptides with apparent molecular weights ranging from 96,000 to 9,500 (96k to 9.5k), were specifically recognized by convalescent turkey serum. six of these polypeptides were further characterized by page, western blotting, elis ...	1992	1326260
effects of fowl adenovirus infection on the immune system of chickens.	a virulent strain of serotype 8 fowl adenovirus (fav) was isolated from an outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) in broiler flocks. post-mortem changes included characteristic liver lesions with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes and severe lymphocytic depletion in the bursa, thymus and spleen. the packed cell volume was reduced by 50 per cent or more and varying amounts of cell depletion were observed in the bone marrow. typical ibh was reproduced in specific pathogen-free ch ...	1992	1334981
hemorrhagic enteritis virus inclusions in turkey renal tubular epithelium.	commercial turkeys from four iowa flocks, two illinois flocks, and three california flocks were submitted to state diagnostic laboratories because of a variety of health problems. the turkeys ranged in age from 5 to 12 weeks, included both hens and toms, and were owned by five different companies. some flocks had previously been immunized with live hemorrhagic enteritis vaccine, and other flocks were unvaccinated. in all accessions, basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in renal ...	1992	1336658
[analysis of the nucleotide sequence of a fragment (92-100%) of the celo avian adenovirus genome].	the nucleotide sequence of 92-100% of the adenovirus celo (fav1), strain phelps, genome has been determined. the computer analysis of the sequences revealed a clai site methylated by m*ecodam. a recognition site for xbai and two sites for psti, not found in the corresponding genome of celo, strain ote, have been determined. three extensive (more than 100 amino acid residues) open reading frames exist, coding for the polypeptides with molecular weights of 31.5, 19.3 and 14.5 kd (276, 178 and 128 ...	1992	1338734
cell mediated immune response of chicks following fowl adenovirus type-1 infection.	cellular immune response of 6-week-old chickens infected with fowl adenovirus type-1 was evaluated by both in vivo and in vitro assay. in vitro assay, enumerating peripheral t lymphocyte by alphanaphthyl acetate esterase staining, revealed that cellular immunity appeared as early as 1 week post-infection and was maintained up to 5 weeks post-infection. in vivo assay by phytohaemagglutin skin test showed cellular immunity until 2 weeks post-infection. thereafter no immunity was observed by this a ...	1991	1647932
investigation of a chronic feed-passage problem on a broiler farm in northwest arkansas.	a commercial broiler farm with a history of poor feed conversion and chronic feed-passage problems was chosen for investigation. chickens were taken from the broiler flock at specified intervals during growout and tested by virus isolation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for avian reovirus. abnormal tissue pathology was first seen in the broilers at 9 days of age and continued sporadically throughout the growout period. antireovirus antibody levels began to increase at 24 days of a ...	1991	1649595
identification and characterization of viral polypeptides from type-ii avian adenoviruses.	the polypeptides of serologically related viruses of hemorrhagic enteritis (he) in turkeys, marble spleen disease (msd) in pheasants, and splenomegaly in chickens (smc) were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and analyzed by protein immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies to he virus (hev). the viral polypeptides ii, iii, iv, v, vi, and vii were detected on sds-page with the size range from 18 to 97 kda in hev. viral polypeptides ii, iii, v, vi, a ...	1991	1654036
studies on the aetiology of hydropericardium syndrome (angara disease) in broilers.	the study was carried out to determine the aetiological agent(s) associated with hydropericardium syndrome (angara disease) in broilers in pakistan. the results indicate that in addition to adenovirus some other agent is involved in causing the disease but that this agent requires co-infection by an adenovirus for the reproduction of the typical signs of the syndrome. the nature of this agent remains unknown because no discrete virus or virus-like particle could be seen by electron microscopy.	1991	1654661
pathogenesis of marble spleen disease in bursectomized and non-bursectomized ring-necked pheasants following oral inoculation with cell-culture-propagated virus.	seventy-two 13-week-old ring-necked pheasants were inoculated orally with 5.0 x 10(2) tissue-culture infective dose (tcid) of cell-culture-propagated marble spleen disease virus. inoculated birds exhibited neither mortality nor clinical disease. gross and histologic lesions were typical of marble spleen disease. the mean splenic weight was significantly (p less than 0.02) higher in inoculated birds than in controls between 6 and 10 days postinoculation (pi). the histologic splenic lesions, which ...	1991	1659370
development of an immunocytochemical procedure to detect adenoviral antigens in chicken tissues.	an immunocytochemical technique utilizing an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex was developed to detect viral antigens in various tissues following oral administration of a locally isolated serotype 8 avian adenovirus (aav) in specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens. a strong color reaction was obtained with tissues from infected birds that contained a minimal amount of aav antigens as determined by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. no reaction was detected in sections of tissues obtain ...	1991	1662080
isolation and identification of adenovirus 127, the causative agent of egg drop syndrome (eds), from commercial laying hens in south africa.	a drop in egg production associated with loss of pigment and soft-shelled eggs was experienced on a farm in the western cape. investigations revealed high levels of antibodies against adenovirus 127, the causative agent of egg drop syndrome (eds) in chickens which were not vaccinated against eds. a cytopathic agent was subsequently isolated in chicken embryo liver cell cultures and identified as eds virus by haemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests.	1991	1664076
respiratory adenovirus-like infection in a rose-ringed parakeet (psittacula krameri).	intranuclear inclusions were observed under light microscopy in the bronchial epithelial cells of a recently purchased female rose-ringed parakeet that died of chlamydiosis. transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of numerous particles of adenovirus morphology. a latent adenovirus infection may have become more severe following chlamydiosis and the stress of handling.	1991	1664716
[isolation of an adenovirus responsible for a case of pancreatitis in guinea fowl].	necrotizing pancreatitis is observed in 2 to 4 week-old guinea poult. virus isolation was attempted from the pancreata of naturally affected birds. the isolate was identified as a type 1 adenovirus, and it reproduced the disease when inoculated to sensible guinea fowl.	1991	1664998
structural polypeptides of type ii avian adenoviruses analyzed by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.	polypeptides of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) of turkeys and marble spleen disease virus (msdv) of pheasants were analyzed by immune precipitation and immunoblot assays. a total of 11 polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 14,000 to 97,000 were detected in lysates of hev-infected turkey cells analyzed by immunoblot assay using a polyclonal antibody against hev. identical patterns were observed with preparations of msdv. five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against hev were chosen based o ...	1991	1719952
pathogenesis of an acute viral hepatitis: inclusion body hepatitis in the chicken.	the pathogenesis of inclusion body hepatitis was studied following the oral administration of a serotype 8 strain of avian adenovirus into 2-day-old specific pathogen free chickens. viral antigens were detected in tissues at various times post inoculation (pi) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by immunocytochemistry. viral antigens were detected in intestinal epithelium from 12h to 13 days pi and in the plasma fraction of blood by 24 h pi. a biphasic, cell-free viremia with peaks at 2 and ...	1991	1848068
sequence of an avian adenovirus (celo) dna fragment (0-11.2%).		1991	1849634
comparison of reporter molecules for viral in situ hybridization.	a number of streptavidin-linked reporter molecules at the endpoint of a five-step detection protocol for viral in situ hybridization using biotinylated probes were examined. dna-dna and rna-rna model systems were used. streptavidin linked to either peroxidase or fluorescein was found to be optimal in terms of sensitivity and resolution within individual cells. all other reporter molecules labelled similar numbers of cells with low background reaction. however, streptavidin-5 nm gold followed by ...	1991	1849911
the influence of age on the response of ring-necked pheasants to infection with marble spleen disease virus.	ring-necked pheasants that were negative for maternal antibody against type ii avian adenoviruses were orally inoculated with 5.0 x 10(2) tissues-culture-infective doses of marble spleen disease (msd) virus at 1-week intervals through 6 weeks of age, and at 9 and 13 weeks of age. groups of four virus-inoculated birds and two control birds were necropsied at 4, 6, 8, and 10 days postinoculation, and the spleens were evaluated for gross and microscopic lesions. no lesions consistent with msd were ...	1991	1664723
a double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus antibody and antigen.	a highly sensitive and specific double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is described for the detection of antigen and antibody of turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev). the assay utilizes a virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) to capture the antigen and turkey antiserum against hev as the second antibody. microtiter plates were first coated with a dilution of 1:3000 of the mab (300 ng immunoglobulin/well) and are used for detection of both antigen and antibody. for a ...	1990	2164392
propagation of group ii avian adenoviruses in turkey and chicken leukocytes.	an avirulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus isolate (hev-a) as well as a virulent one (hev-v), both belonging to the group ii avian adenoviruses, were successfully propagated in turkey leukocyte cell cultures. hev antigens were detected as early as 12 hr after infection of the cells, using hev-specific monoclonal antibodies in a fluorescent antibody test, and virus particles were observed by electron microscopy in the nuclei of infected cells at 18 to 24 hr after infection. electron microscopy reve ...	1990	2157387
sequence of an avian adenovirus (celo) dna fragment (0-11.2%)		1990	2160072
further characterization of an avian adenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis in bobwhite quails.	an adenovirus (isolate 1452) associated with inclusion body hepatitis of bobwhite quails (colinus virginianus) was characterized as a group i, serotype 1 avian adenovirus and was indistinguishable from quail bronchitis virus. bobwhite quails were inoculated via the intratracheal or intraperitoneal route with 10(6) mean tissue-culture infective dose of isolate 1452 at 1, 3, 6, or 9 weeks of age. lesions produced by either route of inoculation were similar to those of quail bronchitis and included ...	1990	2173532
growth of avian adeno-associated virus in chicken cells transfected with fowl adenovirus serotype 1 dna.	using the chloroquine-modified calcium phosphate coprecipitation technique, fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (fav 1) dna transfects efficiently chicken cell cultures. infection of fav 1 dna transfected cells with helper dependent avian adeno-associated virus (aaav) results in the production of aaav progeny, being detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. these findings indicate that fav 1 dna introduced into the host cell promotes actively the growth of aaav.	1990	2176225
avian adenovirus isolated from pigeons affected with inclusion body hepatitis.	avian adenoviruses were isolated from two pigeons affected with inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) by using chicken embryo liver cell cultures. one of the isolates, designated strain s-pl1, replicated in the cell nuclei forming intranuclear inclusion bodies, showed adenovirus-like morphology by electron microscopy, and cross-reacted serologically with strain sr-48 known as serotype 2 of fowl adenovirus. the strain s-pl1 killed day-old chicks by subcutaneous inoculation, and its 50% chicken lethal do ...	1990	2161475
efficacy of avirulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus propagated in turkey leukocyte cultures for vaccination against hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys.	avirulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev-a) propagated in turkey leukocyte cell culture was tested as a vaccine to prevent hemorrhagic enteritis (he) in turkeys in experimental and field trials. immunization of turkeys with live hev-a resulted in protection against a challenge with virulent hev (hev-v) as measured by the serological response and the absence of clinical disease and hev antigen in spleens. in field trials, 19 out of 20 flocks seroconverted within 21 days after vaccination with l ...	1990	2157395
development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect and quantify adenovirus in chicken tissues.	an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect and quantify avian adenovirus (aav) in various chicken tissues, including blood. a positive elisa absorbance value was obtained with suspensions of infected liver tissue that contained less than 100 mean tissue-culture infective doses per gram. a positive correlation was observed between the absorbance values and titer of infectious virus in infected liver tissue. a group-specific antigen common to the 12 serotypes of ...	1990	2164383
serological surveillance for antibodies against different avian infectious agents on turkey flocks naturally infected with turkey rhinotracheitis.	turkey rhinotracheitis (trt) in the state of baden-württemberg, germany appears to have become endemic affecting all farms and every new restocking. in 5 meat turkey flocks, serological surveillance for antibodies to trt-, ib- and ibd-viruses, as well as to pasteurella multocida were carried out using elisa tests. furthermore, sera were examined for the presence of antibodies to avian adenovirus (celo virus), reo- and paramyxo-viruses 1 and 3. the birds were bled at 4 week intervals starting at ...	1990	2168612
expression of fowl adenovirus type 10 antigens in escherichia coli.	in an attempt to construct a genetic map of the fowl adenovirus (fav) and to determine which viral proteins are natural immunogens in chickens and hence may be relevant to protective immunity we have constructed an expression library of fav type 10 dna. the genomic dna was partially digested with the restriction endonuclease sau3a, and this dna was inserted into the 3' terminal end of the beta-galactosidase gene in a plasmid vector. to date, approximately 600 clones have been identified that exp ...	1990	2173247
vaccine for the control of egg drop syndrome '76.		1989	2543116
dna sequence analysis of the inverted terminal repeats of a non-oncogenic avian adenovirus.		1989	2543962
in situ hybridization: an optimised detection protocol for a biotinylated dna probe renders it more sensitive than a comparable 35s-labelled probe.	the development of a highly sensitive biotinylated in situ hybridization protocol using egg drop syndrome virus infection of domestic fowl as a model is described. this protocol incorporates the use of a monoclonal antibody to biotin as the initial step in a peroxidase-based detection system. the detection of viral nucleic acid in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections using biotinylated and 35s-labelled probes is compared to the detection of viral antigen by immunocytochemistry. biotinylate ...	1989	2547814
observations of experimentally induced quail bronchitis.	quail bronchitis was experimentally reproduced in captive-reared bobwhite quails (colinus virginianus). quails were inoculated with 10(6) mean tissue culture infective doses of quail bronchitis virus at 1,3,6, or 9 weeks of age by the intratracheal, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous route. clinical signs were minimal, but occasionally birds were ruffled, exhibited open-mouthed breathing, and developed "snicks." mortality rates of quails inoculated at 1 or 3 weeks ranged from 7% to 87%. quails ino ...	1989	2549936
adenoviral pancreatitis in guinea fowl (numida meleagris).	necrotizing pancreatitis was observed in 2-week-old guinea fowl submitted for necropsy and histopathology. intranuclear inclusion bodies seen histologically in acinar epithelium were examined by electron microscopy and found to contain viruses resembling adenovirus. adenovirus was isolated in embryonated eggs from the pancreata of affected birds. the adenovirus isolated was not neutralized by chicken antisera developed against 10 known serotypes of group 1 avian adenoviruses.	1989	2549945
differentiation of avian adenovirus type-ii strains by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting.	three serologically indistinguishable viruses from the avian adenovirus type-ii splenomegaly virus of chickens, marble spleen disease virus of pheasants, and hemorrhagic enteritis virus of turkeys, were analyzed by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting. the dna from these viruses were examined with 6 restriction endonucleases (bgl ii, ecori, hindiii, hha i, xho i, and bamhi). markedly different dna cleavage patterns were found in these virus isolates with all the 5 enzymes, except with bamhi, ...	1989	2552877
a review of marble spleen disease of ring-necked pheasants.	marble spleen disease (msd) is a contagious disease of captive-reared ring-necked pheasants (phasianus colchicus) characterized by variable mortality and high morbidity. the etiologic agent is a type ii avian adenovirus closely related to hemorrhagic enteritis virus of turkeys and splenomegaly virus of chickens. gross lesions of msd consist of enlargement and mottling of the spleen and pulmonary edema. microscopic alterations are most pronounced in the spleen and are characterized by reticuloend ...	1989	2553999
[immunoenzyme analysis of adenovirus hexons. indication and characteristics of rabbit and mouse antibodies against hexons].	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for analysis of rabbit and mouse igg antibodies specific to adenoviral hexon. the anti-hexon antibodies were detected by capture with purified hexon coated onto polystyrene microtiter plates and visualizing them by respective anti-igg horseradish peroxidase conjugates. in the sera from hyperimmunized rabbits and mice as well as in the mouse ascite fluids the elisa procedure revealed primarily type-specific (epsilon) and genus-specific (a ...	1989	2554131
adenoviral hepatitis in a merlin (falco columbarius).		1989	2557700
herpesviruses and adenoviruses as potential vectors for vaccines in poultry.		1989	2559693
effect of adrenal blocking chemicals on viral and respiratory infections of chickens.	in a series of experiments chickens were treated with chemicals which block the production of corticosterone by the adrenal cortex prior to being challenged with respiratory disease (and other) agents in order to determine if the course of the diseases could be altered. some chickens received a single intramuscular injection (14 mg/kg) of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis/p-chlorophenyl/ethane (abc) dissolved in corn oil (20 mg/ml) at least 12 h before challenge. other chickens received feed containing 500 m ...	1989	2536580
detection of latent avian adenovirus-associated virus proteins in chicken cells.	chicken kidney cells, derived from the eggs of white leghorn chickens that had serological evidence of prior exposure to both adenovirus and the adeno-associated virus (aav), produced aav antigenic proteins upon challenge with purified adenovirus. antigen was detected by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibody to aav. the number of fluorescent cells were few and did not increase during the course of adenovirus infection. similar results were obtained using cells prepared from speci ...	1989	2539071
egg drop syndrome.		1989	2560397
factors influencing the severity of escherichia coli and avian adenovirus group ii infections in chickens.	chickens from lines selectively bred for either a high (hh) or low (ll) antibody response to sheep erythrocytes were challenged intravenously with avian adenovirus group ii (aa). spleen size was determined 6 days later. in some experiments the responses of chickens to aa and escherichia coli infections were compared. the level of corticosterone in the feed (15 mg/kg) which resulted in the lowest incidence of pericarditis in response to e. coli resulted in the greatest incidence of large spleens ...	1988	2849405
[cloning of terminal fragments of the avian adenovirus celo genome and isolation of a recombinant plasmid carrying the viral oncogene].	the terminal fragment of avian adenovirus celo has been cloned in a plasmid vector. the obtained recombinant plasmid pcbe1 carries the terminal bamhi-e fragment of celo dna. transfection of a nonpermissive culture of rat2 cell line by the plasmid dna results in formation of transformation focuses. the cloned bamhi-e fragment of celo dna is concluded to contain the viral oncogene. thus, the celo genome region deriving the bamhi-e fragment is "left".	1988	2842669
some observations on the response of ring-necked pheasants to inoculation with various strains of cell-culture-propagated type ii avian adenovirus.	the response of ring-necked pheasants to inoculation with three strains of cell-culture-propagated type ii avian adenovirus was examined. marble spleen disease (msd) virus of pheasants and both avirulent and virulent strains of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) of turkeys all induced typical gross and microscopic splenic lesions of msd; neither msd-associated lung lesions nor mortality were noted in inoculated pheasants, regardless of strain of virus used. pheasants inoculated with a cell-cultur ...	1988	2848487
[avian celo adenovirus as a possible contaminant in cell cultures of japanese quail embryos].	avian adenovirus celo was found to replicate poorly in japanese quail embryos (jqe) and cell cultures of them. the infectious process in these systems was latent. the antigen of adenovirus celo in jqe cell culture was detectable by the fluorescent antibody method (fam) within the first 24-72 hours after inoculation as fluorescent cytoplasmic granules. subsequently, fluorescence of nuclei and macrophage cytoplasm was observed. the results indicate that jqe and their cell cultures are not contamin ...	1988	2854677
viral agents associated with outbreaks of diarrhea in turkey flocks in quebec.	the relative importance of various enteric viruses associated with diarrhea of turkey poults was investigated by an evaluation of specimens received since 1982. specimens originated from one to eight week old turkey poults, with mild to severe diarrhea, from 114 flocks in 42 commercial operations located in southern quebec. the acute phase of enteritis occurred usually in poults between two and four weeks of age. clarified intestinal contents were examined by direct electron microscopy and enzym ...	1988	2832044
chicken embryo propagation of type i avian adenoviruses.	forty-two clone-purified, cell-culture-propagated type i avian adenoviruses (aav) representing 11 serotypes and two intermediate strains were evaluated for virus replication (evidenced by embryo death and lesions) resulting from the inoculation of specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos via the chorioallantoic sac or yolk sac. commonly observed embryonic changes were death, stunting and curling, hepatitis, splenomegaly, congestion and hemorrhage of body parts, and urate formation in the kidneys. ...	1988	2840884
characterization of group ii avian adenoviruses with a panel of monoclonal antibodies.	the interaction between a panel of ten monoclonal antibodies and hemorrhagic enteritis virus, a group ii avian adenovirus, was determined. the monoclonal antibodies reacted with all nine isolates of group ii avian adenoviruses, but not with any of five types of group i avian adenoviruses. all ten monoclonal antibodies recognized antigenic determinants on the hexon protein of hemorrhagic enteritis virus when analyzed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. they reacted only with the native hex ...	1988	2461793
inclusion-body hepatitis in day-old turkeys.	inclusion-body hepatitis was diagnosed in 1-day-old turkeys experiencing above-average mortality. at necropsy, turkeys appeared anemic and had pale yellow livers. histopathologic examination of affected livers revealed diffuse hepatic degeneration and multifocal necrosis, with approximately 70% of the hepatocytes containing large, basophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies. an adenovirus was isolated from affected livers and identified as a group i avian adenovirus by indirect immunofluorescence.	1988	2848488
study of avian adenovirus dna infectivity in chick embryos.	inoculation of celo adenovirus deproteinized dna into the allantoic cavity of 9-day-old chick embryos (ce) induced the synthesis of infectious viral particles. the produced virions appeared to be identical with celo adenovirions in terms of morphology, electrophoretic and immunochemical properties of hexon major capsid protein and also of dna dot-hybridization. high infectivity of celo dna (minimal infective dose equaled 40 ng) may be also related, at least in part, to the absence of deoxyribonu ...	1987	2886031
[adenoviruses in chickens: an attempt at summarizing].		1987	3032149
[the pathogenesis of "egg drop syndrome 76" after experimental infection of one-day-old chicks and laying hens].		1987	3032150
further studies on in vitro and in vivo assays of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev).	isolation of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) from spleens of infected turkeys in the mdtc-rp19 lymphoblastoid cell line was compared with detection of hev antigen in the same spleens using the agar gel precipitation (agp) test. a concordance of 80% was found between the two assays. virus isolation had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 88% compared with the agp test. rp19 cells were also susceptible to infection with several other avian adenoviruses, but such infection was easily differ ...	1987	3039962
pathogenicity studies with a strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 8 (vri-33) in chickens.	experiments were undertaken to study the pathogenesis of vri-33, a strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 8 isolated from the liver of a broiler chicken with inclusion body hepatitis. a 30% death rate resulted from oral infection of one-day-old specific pathogen free chickens with 10(6) plaque forming units of vri-33. chickens 10, 14, 21 and 28 days of age did not die following infection via natural routes but there were some motalities following infection via parenteral routes. immunodepression by ...	1987	2838009
adenovirus infection associated with respiratory disease in commercial chickens.	the lesions and etiologic agents associated with 13 outbreaks of respiratory disease in commercial chickens were investigated. adenoviruses were isolated from tracheal and lung tissues of affected chickens in all 13 outbreaks. escherichia coli was isolated from the lung of an occasional bird. the tracheal specimens were consistently negative for bordetella avium, but e. coli and occasionally staphylococcus aureus were isolated. there was also serological evidence in one outbreak, and pathologica ...	1987	2823779
inclusion body hepatitis in bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus).	farm-reared bobwhite quails less than 3 weeks of age experienced high mortality (250 of 400). at necropsy, these birds had multiple 1-to-2-mm pale foci throughout their livers. histologically, these foci varied from acute hepatocellular necrosis without an inflammatory response to necrosis with infiltrates of mononuclear inflammatory cells and some heterophils. hepatocytes adjacent to affected areas had large basophilic intranuclear inclusions. a group i avian adenovirus was isolated from affect ...	1987	2823780
enteric viral infections of turkey poults: incidence of infection.	four flocks from one commercial market-turkey operation in ohio were monitored for the presence of enteric viruses. each flock was sampled at intervals from placement until at least 7 weeks of age; sampling was more frequent in the first 4 weeks of life. the earliest infections detected were astrovirus infections or combination infections of astrovirus and rotavirus-like virus (rvlv) or astrovirus and rotavirus. during the first 4 weeks of life, astrovirus was the most frequently detected virus, ...	1987	3039964
a trivalent antigen for the detection of type i avian adenovirus precipitin.	a double immunodiffusion antigen prepared from cell-culture-propagated celo virus was not capable of detecting precipitin directed against all of the type i avian adenovirus (fowl adenoviruses) isolates tested. however, an antigen pool containing celo-4, b-3, and ibh-2 (tipton) fowl adenovirus isolates detected precipitin directed against representative isolates of 10 type i serotypes. additionally, this antigen pool markedly improved detection of adenovirus field exposure.	1987	3039966
preferential clustering of viral dna sequences at or near the site of chromosomal rearrangement in fowl adenovirus type 1 dna-transformed cell lines.	all six transformants obtained by inoculating fowl adenovirus type 1 (celo virus) dna or its fragments into a rat cell line of normal karyotype had more than 50 copy-equivalents of viral dna sequences. each of the transformants had almost all if not all of these viral dna sequences clustered on a marker chromosome(s). although the marker chromosome(s) differed from one cell line to another, viral dna sequences preferentially clustered in or near the achromatic (or light-stained) region of the g- ...	1987	3023693
inclusion body hepatitis associated with adenovirus-like particles in a cockatiel (psittaciformes; nymphicus hollandicus).		1986	3026296
[sequelae of concomitant infection of chicks with adenovirus or reovirus and the agent of avian infectious anemia (caa)].		1986	3031906