Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| isolation of a ranavirus from a gecko (uroplatus fimbriatus). | a virus was isolated from the liver and stomach of a leaf-tailed gecko (uroplatus fimbriatus) with granulomatous lesions on the tongue and hepatitis. the virus was identified as an iridovirus on the basis of morphology by electron microscopy, restriction endonuclease assay, and sequencing of a large portion of the major capsid protein gene. comparative analysis revealed that this isolate is related to frog virus 3, the type species of the genus ranavirus. | 2005 | 17323572 |
| adaptive immunity and histopathology in frog virus 3-infected xenopus. | xenopus has been used as an experimental model to evaluate the contribution of adaptive cellular immunity in amphibian host susceptibility to the emerging ranavirus fv3. conventional histology and immunohistochemistry reveal that fv3 has a strong tropism for the proximal tubular epithelium of the kidney and is rarely disseminated elsewhere in xenopus hosts unless their immune defenses are impaired or developmentally immature as in larvae. in such cases, virus is found widespread in most tissues. ... | 2005 | 15680432 |
| promoter activity in the 5' flanking regions of the bohle iridovirus icp 18, icp 46 and major capsid protein genes. | bohle iridovirus (biv) belongs to the genus ranavirus, of which frog virus 3 (fv-3) is the type species. we are developing biv as a recombinant viral delivery vector, and as a first step we located specific biv promoter sequences to drive foreign gene expression in the recombinant virus. by comparison with fv-3 sequences, the genes encoding icp 18 and icp 46 in biv were identified and sequenced. putative promoter regions of these two early genes and of the major capsid protein (mcp) gene were id ... | 2005 | 15841340 |
| identification of a bohle iridovirus thymidine kinase gene and demonstration of activity using vaccinia virus. | in recent years interest in the family iridoviridae has been renewed by the identification of a number of viruses, particularly from the genus ranavirus, associated with disease in a range of poikilotherms. ranaviruses have been isolated from amphibian, piscine and reptilian species. here we describe an open reading frame (orf) identified in the genome of bohle iridovirus (biv) which contains a nucleotide binding motif conserved within the thymidine kinase (tk) genes of iridoviruses from other g ... | 2005 | 15883656 |
| comparative genomic analyses of frog virus 3, type species of the genus ranavirus (family iridoviridae). | frog virus 3 (fv3) is the type species member of the genus ranavirus (family iridoviridae). to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the replication of fv3, including transcription of its highly methylated dna genome, we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the fv3 genome. the fv3 genome is 105903 bp long excluding the terminal redundancy. the g + c content of fv3 genome is 55% and it encodes 98 nonoverlapping potential open reading frames (orfs) containing 50-129 ... | 2004 | 15165820 |
| inactivation of viruses infecting ectothermic animals by amphibian and piscine antimicrobial peptides. | the ability of five purified amphibian antimicrobial peptides (dermaseptin-1, temporin a, magainin i, and ii, pgla), crude peptide fractions isolated from the skin of rana pipiens and r. catesbeiana, and four antimicrobial peptides (amps) from hybrid striped bass (piscidin-1n, -1h, -2, and -3) were examined for their ability to reduce the infectivity of channel catfish virus (ccv) and frog virus 3 (fv3). all compounds, with the exception of magainin i, markedly reduced the infectivity of ccv. in ... | 2004 | 15193922 |
| response of the italian agile frog (rana latastei) to a ranavirus, frog virus 3: a model for viral emergence in naïve populations. | ranavirus (family iridoviridae) is a genus of pathogens of poikilotherms, and some ranaviruses may play a role in widespread mortality of amphibians. ecology of viral transmission in amphibians is poorly known but can be addressed through experimentation in the laboratory. in this study, we use the ranavirus frog virus 3 (fv3) as an experimental model for pathogen emergence in naive populations of tadpoles. we simulated emerging disease by exposing tadpoles of the italian agile frog (rana latast ... | 2004 | 15650083 |
| characterization of a novel ranavirus isolated from grouper epinephelus tauvina. | a large icosahedral virus was isolated from diseased grouper epinephelus tauvina. the virus grew well in several cultured fish cell lines, with stable and high infectivity after serial passages in grouper cell line (gp). the virus was sensitive to both acid and heat treatments. virus replication was inhibited by 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (iudr), indicative of a dna-containing genome. the virus infectivity was reduced with ether treatment, suggesting that the virus was lipid-enveloped. electron micro ... | 2003 | 12608562 |
| induction of apoptosis in frog virus 3-infected cells. | the ability of frog virus 3 (fv3), the type species of the family iridoviridae, to induce apoptosis was examined by monitoring dna cleavage, chromatin condensation, and cell-surface expression of phosphotidylserine (ps) in fathead minnow (fhm) and baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells. in productively infected fhm cells, dna fragmentation was first noted at 6-7 h postinfection and was clearly seen by 17 h postinfection, while chromatin condensation was detected at 8.5 h postinfection. as with some oth ... | 2003 | 12642103 |
| development and characterization of a model system to study amphibian immune responses to iridoviruses. | the recent realization that viruses within the family iridoviridae may contribute to the worldwide decline in amphibians makes it urgent to understand amphibian antiviral immune defenses. we present evidence that establishes the frog xenopus laevis as an important model with which to study anti-iridovirus immunity. adults resist high doses of fv3 infection, showing only transitory signs of pathology. by contrast, naturally mhc class-i-deficient tadpoles are highly susceptible to fv3 infection. m ... | 2003 | 12842616 |
| diagnostic and molecular evaluation of three iridovirus-associated salamander mortality events. | in 1998 viruses were isolated from tiger salamander larvae (ambystoma tigrinum diaboli and a. tigrinum melanostictum) involved in north dakota and utah (usa) mortality events and spotted salamander (a. maculatum) larvae in a third event in maine (usa). although sympatric caudates and anurans were present at all three sites only ambystomid larvae appeared to be affected. mortality at the north dakota site was in the thousands while at the utah and maine sites mortality was in the hundreds. sick l ... | 2003 | 14567216 |
| genomic sequence of a ranavirus (family iridoviridae) associated with salamander mortalities in north america. | disease is among the suspected causes of amphibian population declines, and an iridovirus and a chytrid fungus are the primary pathogens associated with amphibian mortalities. ambystoma tigrinum virus (atv) and a closely related strain, regina ranavirus (rrv), are implicated in salamander die-offs in arizona and canada, respectively. we report the complete sequence of the atv genome and partial sequence of the rrv genome. sequence analysis of the atv/rrv genomes showed marked similarity to other ... | 2003 | 14599794 |
| comparative analysis of the genome and host range characteristics of two insect iridoviruses: chilo iridescent virus and a cricket iridovirus isolate. | the iridovirus isolate termed cricket iridovirus (criv) was isolated in 1996 from gryllus campestris l. and acheta domesticus l. (both orthoptera, gryllidae). criv dna shows distinct dna restriction patterns different from those known for insect iridescent virus type 6 (iiv-6). this observation led to the assumption that criv might be a new species within the family iridoviridae. criv can be transmitted perorally to orthopteran species, resulting in specific, fatal diseases. these species includ ... | 2002 | 11807240 |
| sequence analysis of the complete genome of an iridovirus isolated from the tiger frog. | we have isolated a tiger frog virus (tfv) from diseased tiger frogs, rana tigrina rugulosa. the genome was a linear double-stranded dna of 105,057 basepairs in length with a base composition of 55.01% g+c. about 105 open reading frames were identified with coding capacities for polypeptides ranging from 40 to 1294 amino acids. computer-assisted analyses of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that 39 of 105 putative gene products showed significant homology to functionally characterized pro ... | 2002 | 11878922 |
| ranaviruses (family iridoviridae): emerging cold-blooded killers. | although possessing novel replicative and structural features, the family iridoviridae has not been as extensively studied as other families of large, dna-containing viruses (e.g., poxviridae and herpesviridae). this oversight most likely reflects the inability of iridoviruses to infect mammals and birds, and their heretofore low pathogenicity among cold-blooded animals and invertebrates. in fact, the original frog virus isolates (e.g., frog viruses 1-3) would likely have been considered orphan ... | 2002 | 11958449 |
| rapid differentiation of australian, european and american ranaviruses based on variation in major capsid protein gene sequence. | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv), bohle iridovirus (biv) and wamena virus (wv) cause serious diseases in fish, amphibians and snakes, respectively but are restricted to australasia. european catfish virus (ecv) and sheatfish virus (esv) have caused epizootics in fish on farms in continental europe. currently there are no simple or readily available methods to distinguish these viruses, which are in the iridoviridae. they are culturally, morphologically and antigenically very simila ... | 2002 | 12030764 |
| characterization of an iridovirus from the cultured pig frog rana grylio with lethal syndrome. | three virus isolates, rgv-9506, rgv-9807 and rgv-9808, were obtained from cultured pig frogs rana grylio undergoing lethal infections. previously, the first isolate, rgv-9506, was shown to be an iridovirus based on ultrastructural and morphological studies. in the present study, the original isolate, along with 2 recent ones, were more extensively characterized by experimental infection studies, histopathology, electron microscopy, serological reactivity, gel electrophoresis of viral polypeptide ... | 2001 | 11843137 |
| characterization of an iridescent virus isolated from gryllus bimaculatus (orthoptera: gryllidae). | we have isolated an iridescent virus from commercially produced colonies of gryllus bimaculatus in germany, which showed apparent mortality. transmission electron microscopy studies on adult cricket specimens revealed the paracrystalline assembly of icosahedral virus particles in the cytoplasm of hypertrophied abdominal fat body cells. the infecting agent could be cultivated in the lepidopteran cell line sf-9, where it caused cytopathogenic effects such as cell hypertrophy, cytoplasmic vacuoliza ... | 2001 | 11161994 |
| inactivation of frog virus 3 and channel catfish virus by esculentin-2p and ranatuerin-2p, two antimicrobial peptides isolated from frog skin. | while it is clear that some amphibian populations have recently experienced precipitous declines, the causes of those die-offs are complex and likely involve multiple variables. one theory suggests that environmental factors may trigger events that result in depressed immune function and increased susceptibility to infectious disease. here we examine one aspect of innate immunity in amphibians and show that esculentin-2p (e2p) and ranatuerin-2p (r2p), two antimicrobial peptides isolated from ran ... | 2001 | 11601906 |
| transcription and temporal cascade in chilo iridescent virus infected cells. | chilo iridescent virus (civ) is the type species for genus iridovirus, and belongs to the family iridoviridae. members of this family are large, isometric, cytoplasmic dna viruses. our laboratory has established that civ replicates productively in the cotton boll weevil, anthonomus grandis. given the economic importance of this host and the dearth of knowledge on this virus, we have initiated host-virus interaction and molecular studies on civ. this report focuses on regulation of transcription ... | 2001 | 11765918 |
| comparison of the eif-2alpha homologous proteins of seven ranaviruses (iridoviridae). | the alpha-subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eif-2alpha) is a key component of the translation machinery of the cell. in response to cellular stress such as viral infections, eif-2alpha is phosphorylated by double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase (pkr) leading to the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis. the importance of eif-2alpha as a regulatory mechanism for protein synthesis is illustrated by the wide variety of strategies employed by viruses to down-regulate pkr. thus, ... | 2001 | 11778703 |
| pathology, isolation, and preliminary molecular characterization of a novel iridovirus from tiger salamanders in saskatchewan. | all iridovirus was confirmed to be the cause of an epizootic in larval and adult tiger salamanders (ambystoma tigrinum diaboli) from four separate ponds in southern saskatchewan (canada) during the summer of 1997. this organism also is suspected, based on electron microscopic findings, to be the cause of mortality of larval tiger salamanders in a pond over 200 km to the north during the same year. salamanders developed a generalized viremia which resulted in various lesions including: necrotizin ... | 1999 | 10479075 |
| molecular characterization of iridoviruses isolated from sympatric amphibians and fish. | iridoviruses infect invertebrates (primarily insects and crustaceans) and ectothermic vertebrates (fish, amphibians, and reptiles). identical, or nearly identical viruses, have been isolated from different animals within the same taxonomic class, indicating that infection by a given virus is not limited to a single species. although inter-class infections have been documented following experimental infection with vertebrate iridoviruses, it is not clear whether such infections occur in nature. h ... | 1999 | 10509715 |
| partial mapping and sequencing of a fish iridovirus genome reveals genes homologous to the frog virus 3 p31, p40 and human eif2alpha. | iridovirus-like pathogens have been recognized as a cause of serious systemic diseases among feral, cultured and ornamental fish in the recent years. mortalities of fish due to systemic iridovirus infection reaching 30-100% were observed in europe, australia, japan and thailand. up to now, the molecular biology of these important pathogens has been poorly documented. to get better insights on the genomic organization of these piscine iridoviruses, we have constructed a cosmid viral dna library f ... | 1999 | 10509716 |
| isolation and characterization of an iridovirus from hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | a virus was isolated from tissues of 2 diseased hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni) and preliminarily characterized as an iridovirus. this conclusion was based on the presence of inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of infected cells, sensitivity to chloroform, inhibition of virus replication by 5-iodo-2'-desoxyuridine and the size and icosahedral morphology of viral particles. the virus was able to replicate in several reptilian, avian and mammalian cell lines at 28 degrees c, but not at 37 deg ... | 1999 | 10550665 |
| in vivo and electron microscopic observations of the responses of the hepatic sinusoid to interleukin-1. | interleukin-1 (il-1), which is produced by kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells, may play an important role in immunological and microvascular responses to a variety of stimuli in the liver. the responses of the hepatic microvasculature including phagocytic activity of sinusoidal lining cells to il-1 alpha were examined in c57bl/6 mice in vivo and using electron microscopy. one hour after recombinant mouse il-1 alpha was injected at doses of 80 u, the low dose group, and 800 u, the hig ... | 1999 | 10825814 |
| is the major capsid protein of iridoviruses a suitable target for the study of viral evolution? | iridoviruses are large cytoplasmic dna viruses that are specific for different insect or vertebrate hosts. the major structural component of the non-enveloped icosahedral virus particles is the major capsid protein (mcp) which appears to be highly conserved among members of the family iridoviridae, phycodnaviridae, and african swine fever virus. the amino acid sequences of the known mcps were used in comparative analyses to elucidate the phylogenic relationships between different cytoplasmic dna ... | 1998 | 9562891 |
| isolation and characterization of iridoviruses from the giant toad bufo marinus in venezuela. | in this communication we describe for the first time the isolation of 7 iridoviruses from the toad bufo marinus and an unknown species of frog leptodactylus in venezuela, south america. the viruses are icosahedral with electron-dense cores, each of which is surrounded by an inner membrane, capsid and a cell-derived envelope. the virus(es) have an average vertex to vertex diameter of 160 nm and replicate in the cytoplasm of a range of cell lines. within the cytoplasm of infected cells, rarefied a ... | 1998 | 9653454 |
| comparison of european systemic piscine and amphibian iridoviruses with epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus and frog virus 3. | iridovirus-like agents isolated from systemic infected fish (silurus glanis, sfir; ictalurus melas, cfir i, cfir ii, cfir iii) and from frogs (rana esculenta, reir) in europe, epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) isolated in australia from redfin perch (perca fluviatilis), and frog virus 3 (fv 3) isolated from frogs (rana pipiens) in the usa were investigated by electron microscopy, polypeptide composition, immunofluorescence, restriction endonuclease digestion, southern-blot hybridiza ... | 1998 | 9719770 |
| development of dna diagnostic methods for the detection of new fish iridoviral diseases. | a new disease of epidemic proportions caused by fish viruses within the iridoviridae family inflicts serious damage on red sea breams (pagrus major) and striped jack (caranx delicatissimus) populations grown in aquacultures in japan. a partial segment of the fish iridoviral dna was directly amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with synthetic primers designed from well conserved nucleotide sequences between the frog virus 3 (ranavirus) and the silkworm iridescent virus type 6. the ... | 1997 | 9094219 |
| molecular characterization, sequence analysis, and taxonomic position of newly isolated fish iridoviruses. | within the past decade, iridoviruses have been identified as the causative agents of systemic disease in a variety of commercially and recreationally important fish. here we examine nine iridoviruses from fish, reptiles, and amphibians and demonstrate that all isolates were more similar to frog virus 3, the type species of the genus ranavirus, than to lymphocystis disease virus, the type species of the genus lymphocystivirus. comparison of viral protein synthesis profiles, restriction endonuclea ... | 1997 | 9123863 |
| cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of the major capsid protein of the iridovirus frog virus 3. | the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding in the major capsid protein (mcp) of frog virus 3 (fv3) has been determined and compared to other iridovirus capsid genes. nucleotide sequence and s1 nuclease analysis showed that the fv3 mcp gene encoded a transcript of 1452 nucleotides containing a 12 nucleotide au-rich 5' nontranslated region (ntr) and a 50-nucleotide 3' ntr whose terminus was predicted to fold into a hairpin of moderate stability. an open reading frame initiating from the the 5'-m ... | 1996 | 8607274 |
| analysis of 76 kb of the chlorella virus pbcv-1 330-kb genome: map positions 182 to 258. | analysis of 76 kb of newly sequenced dna, located between map positions 182 and 258 kb in the 330-kb chlorella virus pbcv-1 genome, revealed 175 open reading frames (orfs) of 65 codons or longer. one hundred and five of these 175 orfs were considered major orfs. twenty-one of the 105 major orfs resembled proteins in databases including ribonucleotide reductase small subunit, rnase iii, thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, protein disulfide isomerase, deoxynucleoside kinase, frog virus 3 atpase, acetobacte ... | 1996 | 8806566 |
| identification of the gene encoding the dna (cytosine-5) methyltransferase of lymphocystis disease virus. | the gene encoding the dna (cytosine-5) methyltransferase (m5c-mtase) of lymphocystis disease virus (flounder isolate, lcdv-1) has been identified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using oligonucleotide primers synthesized corresponding to different regions of the m5c-mtase gene of frog virus 3 (fv3). a dna fragment of 487 bp was amplified using oligonucleotide primers l3 and r4 which correspond to the nucleotide positions 87 to 109 and 530 to 550 of the m5c-mtase gene of fv3, respectively. the ... | 1996 | 8883359 |
| identification and characterization of the frog virus 3 dna methyltransferase gene. | cytosine dna methyltransferases (mtases) first recognize specific nucleotide sequences and then transfer a methyl group from s-adenosylmethionine to cytosine. this division of function is reflected in five highly conserved motifs shared by cytosine mtases. the region containing the first four motifs is responsible for the catalytic function whereas the region containing the fifth motif v provides specificity of binding to dna. in at least one case, two separate proteins, one containing the first ... | 1995 | 7636474 |
| a fully 5'-cg-3' but not a 5'-ccgg-3' methylated late frog virus 3 promoter retains activity. | several lines of evidence demonstrate that the dna of the iridovirus frog virus 3 (fv3) is methylated in all 5'-cg-3' sequences both in virion dna and in the intracellular viral dna at late times after infection. the 5-methyldeoxycytidine residues in this viral dna occur exclusively in 5'-cg-3' dinucleotide positions. we have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the l1140 gene and its promoter from fv3 dna. the gene encodes a 40-kda protein. the results of transcriptional pattern ana ... | 1995 | 7884871 |
| transactivation of methylated hiv-ltr by a frog virus 3 protein. | dna methylation has been implicated in the suppression of transcription of a large spectrum of eukaryotic genes. frog virus 3 (fv3) contains genomic dna that is the most extensively methylated of all known animal viruses. however, fv3 gene expression is tightly regulated in a sequential fashion in infected cells. therefore, fv3 must have evolved a mechanism(s) to overcome the inhibitory effects of dna methylation. fv3 has been shown to induce expression of methylated foreign genes in transient t ... | 1994 | 7941333 |
| comparative studies of iridoviruses: further support for a new classification. | changes in the classification of invertebrate iridoviruses (ivs) (iridoviridae) have recently been proposed (williams and cory, 1994). the previous system of naming isolates according to the host and sequence of discovery (iv type 1, iv2, iv3, etc.) is not adequate for the purposes of taxonomy, since iridovirus isolates may infect many species, including hosts from diverse invertebrate orders. the new system of invertebrate iridovirus nomenclature, as with several other virus families, is based ... | 1994 | 7975884 |
| instability of frog virus 3 mrna in productively infected cells. | cloned dna restriction fragments encoding representative frog virus 3 messages were used as probes to assess the stability of viral transcripts in infected fathead minnow cells. analysis of northern blot hybridization profiles confirmed earlier findings and revealed that in infected cells the steady-state level of representative frog virus 3 (fv3) messages increased throughout the replication cycle. however, when actinomycin d was added at 4 hr after infection to block the synthesis of new trans ... | 1994 | 8030277 |
| proposals for a new classification of iridescent viruses. | the need for comparative studies of iridoviruses to elucidate the relationships between them has been well appreciated. sixteen iridoviruses, including type species from each of the four recognized genera of the iridoviridae, were compared by restriction endonuclease characterization, hybridization to the major structural protein (msp) gene of an invertebrate iridescent virus (iv) isolate at various stringencies, pcr amplification of the msp gene region and by dot-blot hybridization studies. the ... | 1994 | 8207395 |
| a preliminary translational map of the frog virus 3 genome. | a preliminary map of the frog virus 3 (fv 3) genome was constructed by hybridization-selection of mrnas to cloned dna fragments and translation in reticulocyte lysates. fv 3 mrnas were hybridized to kpni, hindiii, and sali restriction fragments representing the entire fv 3 genome. two different hybridization conditions were employed in order to discriminate between the hybridization of early and late mrnas. a total of 43 major and 18 minor early genes and nine major and three minor late genes we ... | 1994 | 8209422 |
| patterns of frog virus 3 dna methylation and dna methyltransferase activity in nuclei of infected cells. | the iridovirus frog virus 3 (fv3) can replicate in culture in fat head minnow (fhm) fish cells or in bhk-21 hamster cells. viral dna replication commences about 3 h after infection of fhm cells with fv3. between 3 and 6 h postinfection (p.i.), a portion of the intranuclear fv3 dna is partly unmethylated. at later times, p.i., all of the viral dna in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments is methylated at the 5'-ccgg-3' sequences. cytoplasmic fv3 dna has not been found unmethylated. we have clo ... | 1993 | 8230420 |
| quantification of sinusoidal cell function in vivo. | although the clearance and distribution of ligand molecules in circulation represent the function of hepatic sinusoidal cells, these mechanisms revealed a network that is more intricate than would at first seem, since several receptors are common to not only one type of cell, but also to two or three types of cells in the liver. in the case of latex particles in which their uptake by a particular cell type seems to be determined by their size, sinusoidal endothelial cells are able to internalize ... | 1993 | 8446907 |
| isolation of escherichia coli mutants lacking methylcytosine-dependent restriction systems for cloning extensively methylated frog virus 3 dna. | many bacterial strains possess methylation-dependent restriction systems (mdrs) that demonstrate methylcytosine-dependent restriction endonuclease activity for the dinucleotide sequence, dcpdg. this makes these strains unsuitable for cloning methylated dna. some commercially available bacterial cells are recommended for cloning dna fragments with methylated cytosines and adenines, e.g., escherichia coli dh5-alpha mcr. our attempts to clone frog virus 3 (fv3) dna, which has the highest degree of ... | 1993 | 7690339 |
| metabolism of host and viral mrnas in frog virus 3-infected cells. | treatment of purified frog virus 3 (fv3) with nonionic detergent and high salt released an endoribonucleolytic activity and confirmed earlier findings of a virion-associated endonuclease. this observation, coupled with evidence implicating host and viral message destabilization in herpesvirus and poxvirus biogenesis, raised the question of what role, if any, mrna degradation plays in fv3 replication. to answer this question, northern analyses of mock- and virus-infected cells were performed usin ... | 1992 | 1310177 |
| cytoplasmic localization of the dna virus frog erythrocytic virus. | in situ hybridization, using a biotinylated clone of frog erythrocytic virus (fev), was conducted to determine the location of viral sequences in bullfrog erythrocytes. fev-specific hybridization signals were found to correspond to mature cytoplasmic viral particles and assembly sites. these data are consistent with electron microscopic observations of viral assembly in the erythrocyte cytoplasm. although fev has morphological and biochemical properties similar to frog virus 3, our data suggest ... | 1992 | 1500276 |
| ultrastructure of lymphocystis disease virus (ldv) as compared to frog virus 3 (fv3) and chilo iridescent virus (civ): effects of enzymatic digestions and detergent degradations. | ultrastructure of fish lymphocystis disease virus (ldv), the largest of all known icosahedral viruses, has been studied under electron microscopy using enzymatic digestions and detergent degradations. ldv structure appeared roughly the same as those of frog virus 3 (fv3) and chilo iridescent virus (civ), two other well known viruses of the family iridoviridae, although the great flexibility of its capsid as observed on negatively stained and shadow cast particles, and its three electron dense la ... | 1992 | 1642551 |
| a frog virus 3 gene codes for a protein containing the motif characteristic of the int family of integrases. | the integrase (int) family of bacteriophage coded integrase-recombinase proteins are responsible for catalyzing strand exchange between dna molecules and play an important role in the dna replication of many bacteriophages. within the frog virus 3 (fv3) genome we have identified an open reading frame (orf) of which the deduced amino acid sequence contains a motif characteristic of the int family of integrases-recombinases. the orf consists of 825 bp which codes for a protein of 275 amino acids w ... | 1992 | 1733108 |
| frog virus 3-mediated translational shut-off: frog virus 3 messages are translationally more efficient than host and heterologous viral messages under conditions of increased translational stress. | frog virus 3 rapidly and selectively blocks host cell translation while synthesizing more than 60 virus-specific polypeptides. previous work indicated that virus infection led to activation of a kinase that phosphorylated and, as a consequence, inactivated eif-2. although phosphorylation of eif-2 could explain the rapid decline in host cell translation, it could not explain how viral protein synthesis persisted in the face of host shut-off. to explain this phenomenon, we speculated that viral me ... | 1990 | 2201134 |
| translational efficiency: iridovirus early mrnas outcompete tobacco mosaic virus message in vitro. | infection with the iridovirus, frog virus 3, results in the rapid inhibition of host cell protein synthesis and is correlated with activation of an eif-2 kinase. because phosphorylation of eif-2 inhibits ternary complex formation and thus reduces the overall level of translation, it has been suggested that frog virus 3 messages escaped translational shut-off by outcompeting host messages for the remaining translational capacity of the cell. in this report, we show that frog virus 3 messages were ... | 1990 | 2244916 |
| the nucleotide sequence of a delayed early gene (31k) of frog virus 3. | 1990 | 2374725 | |
| transcription of methylated viral dna by eukaryotic rna polymerase ii. | the genome of the large icosahedral dna virus, frog virus 3 (fv3), is heavily methylated at the cytosine residues of dcdg dinucleotide pairs, with more than 22% of the total cytosine residues in the form of 5-methylcytosine (5mc). this methylation is carried out postreplicatively in the cytoplasm of infected cells by a virus-encoded dna methyltransferase. dna methyltransferase activity was shown to copurify with a 26 kd virus-induced, dna-binding protein that had an altered mobility in extracts ... | 1989 | 2476231 |
| hemin and cyclic amp stimulate message-dependent translation in lysates from friend erythroleukemia cells. | a message-dependent, cell-free translation system was prepared from both uninduced and n,n'-hexamethylene-bis-acetamide-induced friend erythroleukemia cells following modification of standard protocols. active extracts were prepared by lysing friend erythroleukemia cells in hypotonic buffer containing 50 microm hemin and 10 mm cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp), and assaying translation in vitro in the absence of exogenous nucleoside triphosphates. both hemin and camp were required for full a ... | 1989 | 2541008 |
| amphibian and piscine iridoviruses proposal for nomenclature and taxonomy based on molecular and biological properties. | we have compared a number of properties of the well-characterized iridovirus, frog virus 3, with two other iridoviruses from amphibia, bullfrog edema virus and lucké triturus virus, and with a piscine iridovirus, goldfish virus (gfv), to provide information for developing taxonomic classification of these viruses and establishing their ecological niche. purified virions had similar size and shape (icosahedral) for each virus, and the genomic dnas of each virus were methylated by a virus-induced ... | 1989 | 2550386 |
| frog virus 3-induced translational shut-off: activation of an eif-2 kinase in virus-infected cells. | infection of susceptible fathead minnow or friend erythroleukemia cells with either infectious or heat-inactivated frog virus 3 led to the rapid inhibition of cellular protein synthesis. as seen in other cells, translational shut-off was accompanied by the dissociation of polysomes, but not the degradation of irreversible inactivation of cellular mrnas. in addition, lysates from cells infected with heat-inactivated fv3 showed a reduced capacity to synthesize protein and to form 43s pre-initiatio ... | 1989 | 2623941 |
| synthesis of frog virus 3 proteins occurs on intermediate filament-bound polyribosomes. | immunogold labeling and biochemical methods were used to localize the site of viral protein synthesis in frog virus 3 (fv3)-infected baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells. immunogold labeling studies of triton-extracted (cytoskeletons), fv3-infected bhk cells with antivimentin antibodies showed that the major components of the detergent-resistant residue are the intermediate filaments (if) and polyribosomes. double immunogold labeling studies with anti-fv3 and antivimentin antibodies revealed that fv3 ... | 1989 | 2752210 |
| molecular cloning and physical and translational mapping of the frog virus 3 genome. | a library of cloned fragments representing nearly the entire frog virus 3 (fv 3) genome (99.65%) has been constituted. individual plasmid recombinants, labeled by nick-translation, were hybridized to southern blots of genomic fv 3 dna fragments obtained with xbai, hindiii, smai, and sali. from these results physical maps were generated and the distribution of restriction sites in the genome was established by double digestion of the fragments. a preliminary translational map was likewise develop ... | 1988 | 2827372 |
| structure and regulation of the immediate-early frog virus 3 gene that encodes icr489. | to test whether the promoters of two immediate-early genes from frog virus 3 were similar in nucleotide sequence, we have cloned and sequenced an immediate-early gene encoding an infected-cell mrna of 489 kilodaltons (icr489) and have shown that the protein product of this gene is approximately 46 kilodaltons. the 5' and 3' ends of the transcripts from this gene, as determined by mung bean nuclease analysis, were microheterogeneous. the promoter region was subcloned upstream from a promoterless ... | 1988 | 2831387 |
| methylation of the promoter for an immediate-early frog virus 3 gene does not inhibit transcription. | methylation of critical sites within the promoter region of eucaryotic genes has been shown to inhibit transcription by rna polymerase ii. however, although the large dna virus frog virus 3 (fv3) has a highly methylated genome, it uses host rna polymerase ii for at least the immediate-early stage of transcription. we have previously shown that an fv3-induced trans-acting protein allows transcription from adenovirus promoters inactivated by methylation. since fv3 immediate-early genes are transcr ... | 1988 | 2846879 |
| a functional role for intermediate filaments in the formation of frog virus 3 assembly sites. | during the course of frog virus 3 (fv3) infection in baby hamster kidney 21 (bhk) cells, vimentin-type intermediate filaments reorganize to surround the virus's cytoplasmic assembly sites. to determine whether the association between vimentin filaments and viral assembly sites has a functional role in the virus life-cycle, we treated cells with the antimicrotubule drugs taxol or colchicine, or injected them with monoclonal antivimentin antibodies prior to fv3 infection. each of these reagents ca ... | 1988 | 2892313 |
| association of african swine fever virus with the cytoskeleton. | the association of african swine fever virus (asfv) with the cytoskeleton was investigated. immunofluorescent studies of asfv infected cells with anti-asfv serum showed a temporal and spatial development of viral inclusions which moved from a peripheral to a perinuclear location and fused to give a single large perinuclear factory. the migration and fusion of viral inclusions was inhibited by colchicine suggesting a function for microtubules in assembly site organization not previously described ... | 1988 | 3201825 |
| organization of rna transcripts from a 7.8-kb region of the frog virus 3 genome. | the detailed organization of the rnas transcribed from a region of the fv 3 genome (sa/i-f fragment and adjacent sequences) has been determined. the information was derived from the cell-free translation of hybrid-selected rna to locate the genes encoding specific polypeptides, rna filter hybridization to size the transcripts, and s1 nuclease mapping to locate the 5'- and 3'-ends of the rnas on the genome. three genes are contiguous and are transcribed from the same strand: two immediate early g ... | 1988 | 3388766 |
| infection with frog virus 3 allows transcription of dna methylated at cytosine but not adenine residues. | the genome of the iridovirus, frog virus 3, is highly methylated at cytosine residues by a virus-encoded dna methyltransferase. we have shown previously that an fv3-induced trans-acting protein alters either host rna polymerase ii or methylated template to allow transcription from promoters inactivated by methylation. we now present evidence that the ability of fv3-infected cells to transcribe methylated dna is specific for dna methylated at cytosine residues. eukaryotic promoters were inactivat ... | 1987 | 3629976 |
| kupffer cell function in host defense. | high-resolution in vivo microscopic methods have been used to explore the responses to endotoxin of kupffer cells in the livers of anesthetized mice, rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs under a variety of experimental conditions. these include studies of normal animals as well as of animals sensitized or tolerant to endotoxin, c3h/hej mice with a low response to endotoxin, mice rendered septic by cecal ligation and puncture, mice with kupffer cells selectively destroyed by frog virus 3, and rats wit ... | 1987 | 3317754 |
| leukotrienes as mediators in frog virus 3-induced hepatitis in rats. | the role of leukotrienes was investigated in frog virus 3-induced hepatitis in rats. frog virus 3 elicited an enhanced generation of cysteinyl leukotrienes in vivo as monitored by measurement of n-acetyl-leukotriene e4 as the major endogenous metabolite of cysteinyl leukotrienes secreted into rat bile. n-acetyl-leukotriene e4 concentrations were elevated for more than 4 hr after frog virus 3 injection. in vitro experiments using cultured rat liver kupffer cells of high purity indicated that thes ... | 1987 | 3111968 |
| dna sequences required for trans-activation of an immediate-early frog virus 3 gene. | a plasmid containing 78 bp of the promoter region of the immediate-early frog virus 3 (fv3) gene icr 169 placed 5' to the coding sequences for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) can only be induced to synthesize cat after transfection in the presence of fv3. to determine what dna sequences in the promoter were required for virus-induced transcription, i used site-directed mutagenesis to construct deletions and point mutations throughout the promoter region. the mutant promoters were then an ... | 1987 | 3478893 |
| mutation in a dna-binding protein reveals an association between dna-methyltransferase activity and a 26,000-da polypeptide in frog virus 3-infected cells. | the dna of frog virus 3 (fv3), an iridovirus, is highly methylated; more than 20% of the cytosine bases are methylated at the 5-carbon position by an fv3-induced dna methyltransferase (dna-mt). to determine the role of this enzyme in virus replication and regulation of gene expression, we have analyzed an fv3 mutant that lacks dna-mt activity and is resistant to 5-azacytidine (an inhibitor of dna-mt). comparative polypeptide analysis, using cytoplasmic extracts from the wild-type fv3 and mutant- ... | 1987 | 2445102 |
| ultrastructural and biochemical evidence of the trimeric nature of frog virus 3 (fv3) six-coordinated capsomers. | image analysis of freeze-etch replicas of cylindrical aberrant forms of fv3 provided evidence for three morphological subunits protruding from the six-coordinated capsomers. negatively stained capsomers displayed both triangular and hexagonal profiles which suggests that their innermost portion is pseudohexagonal. images from underfocused micrographs of capsomers are indicative of a central channel. the trimeric nature of the capsomer has been established by electrophoresis in the presence of tr ... | 1986 | 2418581 |
| interaction of frog virus 3 with the cytomatrix. iv. phosphorylation of vimentin precedes the reorganization of intermediate filaments around the virus assembly sites. | frog virus 3 (fv3) assembles in morphologically distinct assembly sites in the cytoplasm of infected cells. as the assembly sites form, the intermediate filaments (if) aggregate, delimit the assembly sites, and remain so throughout infection. to determine the molecular basis of reorganization of if, we analysed the vimentin of uninfected and fv3-infected cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. the results showed that (i) the vimentin was more acidic in fv3-infected cells than in uninfected ... | 1986 | 3517225 |
| restriction of frog virus 3 polypeptide synthesis to immediate early and delayed early species by supraoptimal temperatures. | multiplication of frog virus 3 (fv 3) occurs in mammalian cells provided they are incubated at temperatures lower than 33 degrees. the expression of the viral genome at supraoptimal temperatures was followed by analyzing the polypeptides produced in cho-infected cells and comparing with those obtained under restrictive conditions provoked by amino acid analogs or metabolic inhibitors. late polypeptides were not detected at 33 degrees and the number of delayed early species decreased gradually wi ... | 1986 | 3523970 |
| thermosensitivity of frog virus 3 genome expression: defect in early transcription. | the influence of temperature on the transcription of the frog virus 3 genome was studied in cho cells infected both at 29 and at 37 degrees, the nonpermissive temperature for virus multiplication. it was definitely established that late genes were not transcribed at 37 degrees. although immediate early genes were expressed at 37 degrees, their transcription was altered but there was no sequestration of mrnas in the nucleus which could impair their translation; these viral mrnas were also efficie ... | 1986 | 3523971 |
| the iridovirus frog virus 3: a model for trans-acting proteins. | the amphibian iridovirus, frog virus 3 (fv3), produces at least two trans-activating proteins that stimulate the expression of viral genes. one of these proteins induces transcription from the promoter of an immediate-early fv3 gene, whereas the other induces transcription from exogenously methylated dna. these proteins may serve as a model for both viral and cellular trans-acting factors. | 1986 | 3153144 |
| mapping of the gene coding for the major late structural polypeptide on the frog virus 3 genome. | the gene encoding the major capsid polypeptide (mcp 48) of frog virus 3 (fv 3) has been mapped on the viral dna. late fv 3 messenger rna, hybrid-selected by the sali-f fragment or a subset of these sequences, bamhi-l and -w fragments, directed the synthesis in vitro of a 48 000 mol. wt. (48k) polypeptide. this product was recognized by monospecific antibodies raised against the major capsid polypeptide. the rna complementary to these dna sequences was about 1350 nucleotides in size. this transcr ... | 1986 | 3003238 |
| heat-inactivated frog virus 3 selectively inhibits equine herpesvirus type 1 translation in a temporal class-dependent manner. | superinfection of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1)-infected rabbit kidney cells with heat-inactivated frog virus 3 (delta fv3) differentially blocked ehv-1 protein synthesis. the extent of inhibition varied with the specific ehv-1 message, but in general late protein synthesis was inhibited more than early and immediate early translation. since fv3 has been shown to block heterologous rna and protein synthesis, it was necessary to determine whether the observed reduction in herpesvirus protein ... | 1986 | 3727402 |
| phagocytosis, an unrecognized property of murine endothelial liver cells. | impairment of the phagocytic capacities of kupffer cells, as is found in frog virus 3 hepatitis of mice, allows the endothelial liver cells to take up intravenously inoculated latex particles of 1.0 micron diameter. in vitro experiments with cultivated endothelial cells isolated by collagenase perfusion of the liver and purified by centrifugal elutriation demonstrate that uptake occurs via a typical mechanism of phagocytosis involving pseudopodia. ingestion of latex is inhibited by incubation of ... | 1986 | 3758936 |
| trans-activation of a methylated adenovirus promoter by a frog virus 3 protein. | the high degree of methylation of the frog virus 3 (fv3) genome suggests that fv3-infected cells are capable of transcribing highly methylated dna. we tested this hypothesis by assaying the transcriptional activity of adenovirus promoters known to be inhibited by methylation. plasmid constructs containing the e1a and e2ae promoters of adenovirus type 12 linked to the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase [(cat) ec 2.3.1.28], when methylated and introduced into eukaryotic cells, promoted cat ... | 1986 | 3463992 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of frog virus 3: biochemical and genetic characterization. | nineteen frog virus 3 temperature-sensitive mutants were isolated after mutagenesis with nitrosoguanidine and assayed for viral dna, rna, and protein synthesis, as well as assembly site formation at permissive (25 degrees c) and nonpermissive (30 degrees c) temperatures. in addition, mutants were characterized for complementation by both quantitative and qualitative assays. based on the genetic and biochemical data, the 19 mutants, along with 9 mutants isolated earlier, were ordered into four ph ... | 1986 | 3951023 |
| interaction of frog virus 3 with the cytomatrix. iii. role of microfilaments in virus release. | the role of microfilaments in the release of frog virus 3 (fv3) from the plasma membrane was studied. scanning electron microscopic study of fv3-infected baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells showed that late in infection (15 hr), numerous microvillus-like projections containing virions and microfilaments occur on the cell surface. two microfilament-disrupting drugs, cytochalasin b and cytochalasin d, inhibited both the formation of microvillus-like projections and virus release. in the drug-treated c ... | 1985 | 4060576 |
| trans activation of an immediate-early frog virus 3 promoter by a virion protein. | we investigated the protein and dna sequence requirements for the expression of an immediate-early frog virus 3 (fv3) gene, infected-cell rna (icr) 169. we used a plasmid containing the 78 nucleotides 5' to the transcription start site of icr-169 placed upstream from the coding sequence for the bacterial enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). this construction, when introduced by capo4-mediated transfection into various eucaryotic cell lines, promoted cat synthesis only if the transfect ... | 1985 | 3863966 |
| interaction of frog virus 3 with the cytoskeleton. | 1985 | 3893906 | |
| macromolecular synthesis in cells infected by frog virus 3. | 1985 | 3893912 | |
| ultrastructural and biochemical study of frog virus 3 uptake by bhk-21 cells. | ultrastructural studies of the uptake of enveloped and naked frog virus 3 (fv 3) particles by bhk-21 cells have shown that enveloped viruses are internalized by adsorptive endocytosis via coated pits. the enveloped particles then appear to move through endosomes and finally lysosomes. naked viruses may also follow the same pathway but only rarely. their more frequent mode of entry is by fusion between the virus shell and the cellular membranes, thus allowing the virus to shed its nucleoprotein c ... | 1985 | 3918142 |
| nucleotide sequence of an immediate-early frog virus 3 gene. | we have used "gene walking" with synthetic oligonucleotides and m13 dideoxynucleotide sequencing techniques to obtain the complete coding and flanking sequences of the gene encoding a major immediate-early rna (molecular weight, 169,000) of frog virus 3. r-loop mapping of the cloned xbai k fragment of frog virus 3 dna with immediate-early rna from infected cells showed that an rna of approximately 500 to 600 nucleotides (the right size to code for the immediate-early viral 18-kilodalton protein ... | 1984 | 6092719 |
| kupffer and endothelial liver cell damage renders a/j mice susceptible to mouse hepatitis virus type 3. | damage to the kupffer and endothelial cells of the liver sinusoids induced by the administration of sublethal doses of frog virus 3 (fv 3) renders a/j mice which are genetically resistant to mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (mhv 3) highly susceptible to this virus. liver histopathology of these animals revealed typical necrotic foci containing mhv 3-specific antigens. fv 3-pretreated mice, after mhv 3 infection, showed higher levels of serum transaminase (gpt) than controls, and mhv 3 replicated mor ... | 1984 | 6099940 |
| the role of dna methylation in virus replication: inhibition of frog virus 3 replication by 5-azacytidine. | frog virus 3 (fv3) dna is the most highly methylated dna of any known dna virus; about 20% of the cytosine residues in fv3 dna are methylated (d. willis and a. granoff, 1980, virology 107, 250-257). to understand the role of dna methylation in virus replication, we have examined the effect of 5-azacytidine, a drug that inhibits dna methylation. 5-azacytidine (10 microm) reduced the production of infectious fv3 by 100-fold or more and inhibited methylation of viral dna by about 80%. inhibition of ... | 1984 | 6208681 |
| early proteins are required for the formation of frog virus 3 assembly sites. | the formation of frog virus 3 virions takes place within morphologically distinct regions of the cytoplasm termed assembly sites. these sites are formed within infected bhk cells by 6-7 hr after infection, a time when viral dna and both early and late proteins are present. to identify macromolecules involved in assembly site formation, a temperature-sensitive mutant ( ts9467 ) was used which is not only defective in the synthesis of late rna and proteins (d.b. willis, r. goorha , and a. granoff ... | 1984 | 6375119 |
| frog virus 3: a dna virus with an unusual life-style. | 1984 | 6379750 | |
| localization of frog virus 3 proteins using monoclonal antibodies. | thirty-seven monoclonal antibodies to seven frog virus 3 (fv3) structural proteins were isolated and used to examine the distribution of viral proteins within virions and infected cells. three monoclonal antibodies, one to the major capsid protein, vp55, and two to vp38 had detectable neutralizing activity suggesting that these proteins are located on the surface of virions. immunofluorescent studies showed that vp108, vp57, vp55, and vp16 were localized mainly within virus assembly sites, while ... | 1984 | 6382789 |
| isolation and characterization of a frog virus 3 variant resistant to phosphonoacetate: genetic evidence for a virus-specific dna polymerase. | a variant of frog virus 3 (fv3) resistant to 200 micrograms/ml phosphonoacetate was isolated, and used to establish that the dna polymerase induced in fv3-infected cells was virus coded. in addition, inhibitor studies showed that the fv3 polymerase is similar to eukaryotic polymerase alpha in its sensitivity to aphidicolin, and that resistance to phosphonoacetate does not confer cross-resistance to thymidine arabinoside or acycloguanosine. | 1984 | 6437076 |
| interaction of frog virus 3 with the cytomatrix. ii. structure and composition of the virus assembly site. | we have described the structure of virus assembly sites in frog virus 3-infected tissue culture cells based on an examination of sectioned and whole cells by conventional and high voltage (1 000 kv) electron microscopy (hvem), respectively. we have also attempted to identify the cellular and viral components within the assembly sites using immunofluorescence and a combination of dnase digestion and em autoradiography. immunofluorescence studies showed that the sites do not contain tubulin, vimen ... | 1984 | 6468528 |
| the organization of frog virus 3 as revealed by freeze-etching. | a variety of freeze-fracture techniques has been employed in this study with the aim of dissecting the frog virus 3 virion and obtaining further information about its architecture. the icosahedral capsid has a skew symmetry with a triangulation number of 133 or 147. the capsomers are closely packed with a center-to-center spacing of 72 a. the inner membrane contains transmembrane proteins which appear as intra-membranous particles on both fracture faces. rod-like structures (about 100 a in diame ... | 1984 | 6495651 |
| dna methyltransferase induced by frog virus 3. | over 20% of the cytosine bases in frog virus 3 dna are methylated at the 5-carbon position. to determine whether this high degree of methylation is the result of a virus-specific enzyme, we examined the kinetics of induction and the substrate specificity of a dna methyltransferase from frog virus 3-infected fathead minnow cells. a novel dna methyltransferase activity appeared in the cytoplasm of infected cells at 3 h postinfection. this activity was induced in the absence of viral dna replicatio ... | 1984 | 6690723 |
| fate of frog virus 3 dna replicated in the nucleus of arginine-deprived cho cells. | in a productive infection, frog virus 3 (fv 3) dna was synthesized in both the cell nucleus and cytoplasm. the infection was aborted in arginine-starved chinese hamster ovary cells and viral dna replication was then restricted to the nuclear compartment. it has been demonstrated that the newly synthesized fv 3 dna present in the nucleus is of genomic size. after the addition of arginine, this dna is transferred into the cytoplasm and can be encapsidated. the formation of infectious particles occ ... | 1984 | 6707611 |
| probable role of endogenous endotoxins in hepatocytolysis during murine hepatitis caused by frog virus 3. | three new observations bear out the role of endogenous endotoxins in the pathogenesis of murine hepatitis caused by frog virus 3. first, the ld50 of endotoxin is 20 times lower in mice pretreated for 2.5 hr with a sublethal dose of frog virus 3 than in untreated mice. animals inoculated with one sublethal dose of lipopolysaccharide 2.5 hr after injection of one sublethal dose of virus die, all having developed extensive hepatocellular necrosis. this hypersensitivity varies according to the inten ... | 1984 | 6725994 |
| a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of frog virus 3 (fv3) is defective in second-stage dna replication. | it has been suggested that fv3 dna replication occurs in two stages [r. goorha (1982) j. virol. 43, 519-528]. first-stage dna synthesis is restricted to the nucleus, where the replicating dna ranges from genome to twice genome size; second-stage dna replication occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm, and the replicating dna is concatameric. a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts 12488) of fv3, at a nonpermissive temperature (30 degrees), synthesized dna in the nucleus only, and the size of the replicat ... | 1984 | 6740949 |
| cell-free translation of frog virus 3 messenger rnas. initiation factors from infected cells discriminate between early and late viral mrnas. | cell-free protein-synthesizing extracts prepared from rabbit reticulocytes, wheat germ, or cultured baby hamster kidney cells efficiently translated frog virus 3 early mrnas; in contrast, late mrnas were translated poorly under similar conditions. however, the translational efficiency of the late viral mrnas was markedly enhanced in cell-free extracts prepared from frog virus 3 (fv 3)-infected baby hamster kidney cells and in nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte extracts by the addition of a 0.5 ... | 1983 | 6848520 |
| ultrasonic absorption evidence for structural fluctuations in frog virus 3 and its subparticles. | the structural fluctuations specific to self-assemblies of biological molecules have been investigated further with ultrasonic techniques by using frog virus 3 (fv3). we compared the ultrasonic properties of complete fv3 virions and of several subparticles that may be obtained from this dna virus: (i) the central nucleoprotein core versus its component dna and proteins in a dissociated state; (ii) the core versus the capsidless subparticle, consisting of the core surrounded by the lipid membrane ... | 1983 | 6408639 |
| viricidal effects of lactobacillus and yeast fermentation. | the survival of selected viruses in lactobacillus- and yeast-fermented edible waste material was studied to determine the feasibility of using this material as a livestock feed ingredient. five viruses, including newcastle disease virus, infectious canine hepatitis virus, a porcine picornavirus, frog virus 3, and bovine virus diarrhea, were inoculated into a mixture of ground food waste (collected from a school lunch program) containing lactobacillus acidophilus. mixtures were incubated at 20, 3 ... | 1983 | 6414372 |
| restriction endonuclease mapping of the frog virus 3 genome. | a physical map for the frog virus 3 (fv 3) genome was constructed after digestion with the following restriction endonucleases: ecori, hindiii, kpni, and xbai. mapping of the dna was accomplished by partial digestion and recutting, double-digestion, and southern blot hybridization with deduction of overlaps. although the virion dna is physically linear, the restriction map was circular, supporting the data that the fv 3 genome is circularly permuted (goorha and murti, proc. nat. acad. sci usa 79 ... | 1983 | 6302988 |
| interaction of frog virus-3 with the cytoskeleton. i. altered organization of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments. | the progressive cytoskeletal alterations of frog virus 3-infected baby hamster kidney (bhk) and fathead minnow (fhm) cells were studied by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. the virus assembly sites, which contain viral genomes and viral proteins, were detected in the cytoplasm at 4 h (fhm) or 6 h (bhk) and mature virions appeared 2 h later. when infected cells were treated with triton x-100, the assembly sites were found in association with the cytoskeleton. in infected cells, the numb ... | 1983 | 6341377 |