| [etiologic and pathophysiological characteristics of cirrhosis of the elderly]. | to evaluate the etiologic and pathophysiological characteristics of the aged cirrhotics, a total of 219 cirrhotic patients who admitted to our department between 1975 and 1989 was divided into the three age groups; less than or equal to 49 (group a, n = 70), 50-59 (group b, n = 77) and greater than or equal to 60 (group c, n = 72) years and compared. the frequency of female patients was significantly higher in group b and c than group a, respectively. the age-related variation in etiologies of c ... | 1991 | 1660492 |
| antibodies to hepatitis c virus in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcvab) was investigated in 52 unselected patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia and in 84 patients with other systemic immunologic diseases. hcvab were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and their specificity was evaluated by a recombinant-based immunoblot assay. the presence of hbv-related markers was investigated in the same samples. hcvab were found in 54% of mixed cryoglobulinemia patients, and the finding was confirmed by recom ... | 1991 | 1660716 |
| pathobiology of chronic hepatitis virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). | hepatitis viruses may cause liver cancer (hcc) through an indirect mechanism inducing inflammation and cirrhosis. only hepatitis b virus (hbv) was shown to have a direct oncogenetic potential. hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection, superimposed on the oncogenetic background provided by chronic hbv infection, appears to provide an additional risk for hcc. patients with florid infections from both hbv and hdv and active liver inflammation develop hcc at a significantly younger age than those infected ... | 1991 | 1661197 |
| does hepatitis b virus play a role in primary liver cancer in children of western countries? | hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection was evaluated in serum and liver specimens of eight italian children with primary liver cancer. all children were negative for hbv markers in serum but four of them showed hbv-dna sequences and/or hbs antigen expression in the liver. in one case, viral dna was present in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissue, while in one case hbv-dna was detectable only in nontumoral tissue and in one case only in the tumor area. in these cases, scattered hbsag was expresse ... | 1991 | 1661202 |
| heterosexual and homosexual transmission of hepatitis c virus: relation with hepatitis b virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | a seroprevalence study was carried out on 1757 outpatients consecutively seen in a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic in order to evaluate the sexual transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv). a total of 1442 consenting patients were tested for hepatitis c, hepatitis b and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hcv, hbv, hiv-1) antibodies. the relations between anti-hcv, anti-hbc and anti-hiv-1 were studied. of 73 anti-hcv positive reactions, 45 (61.6%) were confirmed by the recombinant immun ... | 1991 | 1661241 |
| proto-oncogene expression in three human hepatoma cell lines, hcc-m, hcc-t and plc/prf/5. | changes of nucleotide sequences and expressions of cellular oncogenes in human hepatoma cell lines, plc/prf/5, hcc-m and hcc-t cells, were examined by southern and northern blot analyses. the probes used are dna fragment of myc, n-, h-, k-ras, fos, fms, raf, erb-a, erb-b, and erb-b2 genes and synthetic oligonucleotides corresponding to the part of n-, h-, k-ras genes. the results are as follows. dna amplification and rearrangement were not detected in these three human hepatoma cell lines. point ... | 1991 | 1661347 |
| immunovirology of transforming viruses. | the paradigmatic shift in cellular immunology, initiated by the realization that cytotoxic t lymphocytes recognize major histocompatibility complex class i antigens that carry endogenous (including virally encoded) protein-derived peptides in a special groove, has made a strong impact on the immunopathology of virus-associated tumors. | 1991 | 1661601 |
| hepatitis-c virus infection in italy: a multicentric sero-epidemiological study (a report from the hcv study group of the italian association for the study of the liver). | to assess possible geographical differences in the spread of hepatitis-c virus (hcv), the prevalence of antibodies against hcv (anti-c-100-3) was investigated in various adult population groups in 29 centres in italy. anti-hcv was positive in 375 out of 28,433 voluntary blood donors (1.3%): prevalence was higher in southern italy (1.51%) than in the northern regions (1.28%), but the difference was not statistically significant. anti-hcv prevalence was similar in the north and south in post-trans ... | 1991 | 1662090 |
| hepatitis b virus and hepatocellular carcinoma: a possible role for the viral transactivators. | several epidemiological studies have demonstrated a link between chronic b virus infection and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (phc). hbv dna sequence integrations into the host cell genome have often been observed in hepatocarcinoma tissues. however, since only in a few cases of phc the target of hbv-dna insertion has been identified, alternative mechanisms for hbv-induced hepatocyte transformation have been investigated. like many other dna viruses, the hepatitis b virus bears a transactivati ... | 1991 | 1662093 |
| lack of correlation between hepatitis b virus infection and the increasing incidence of primary liver cancer in sweden. | the incidence of primary carcinoma of the liver in sweden has been reported to increase. in order to study the role of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection for liver cancer development 40 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) were examined for the presence of hbv surface antigen and hbv core antigen in the cancer and in the surrounding non-neoplastic liver tissue. it was not possible to demonstrate a single case with tissue hbv antigen, indicating that hbv plays a minor role in the etio ... | 1991 | 1662521 |
| detection of hbv dna in non-a, non-b hepatic tissues using the polymerase chain reaction assay. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by southern blotting was used to examine the presence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in non-cancerous liver tissue specimens from 22 japanese hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) patients, who were negative for hbv surface antigen (hbsag). by southern blot analysis, hbv dna was negative in all 22 patients, but it was detected by the pcr in 8 of the 15 patients who were positive for antibodies against hbsag or hbv core antigen. seven patients who were negati ... | 1991 | 1662652 |
| prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, and treponema pallidum in mauritius. | a seroepidemiological study on the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and treponema pallidum was conducted in various groups of the population of the state of mauritus (islands of mauritus and rodrigues). 618 sera were tested. the overall prevalence of anti-hav was 86.1% and yielded and age-dependent increase. serological evidence for acute or chronic hbv infection was found in 3.8%; 4.5% were positive for anti-hbc alone, and in 12.6% past hbv infec ... | 1991 | 1662829 |
| effects of human lymphoblastoid interferon on proliferation, gene expression and tumourigenicity of human hepatoma cell lines. | hep g2 and hep 3b cells, two human hepatoma cell lines, showed decreased thymidine (thd) incorporation into intracellular acid-insoluble pools when exposed to wellferon, human lymphoblastoid interferon (ifn). inhibition was maximal after 48 h treatment with wellferon and was reversible. significant inhibition in wellferon-treated hep 3b cells was noted at concentrations of 1 ifn unit/ml, which was over 1000-fold less than that required to produce equivalent effects in hep g2 cells. the decrease ... | 1991 | 1663028 |
| [molecular biology of liver neoplasms]. | | 1991 | 1663536 |
| hepatitis b virus e antigen and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. | serum samples from 243 cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (phc) and 302 non-phc hospital controls were tested for hepatitis b virus (hbv) surface antigen (hbsag), antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs), antibody to hbv core antigen (anti-hbc), hbv e antigen (hbeag) and antibody to hbeag (anti-hbe) with radioimmunoassays using commercial kits. a total of 236 (97%) phc cases and 302 (100%) hospital controls were positive for one or more hbv markers. while 188 (77%) phc cases and 57 (19%) controls wer ... | 1991 | 1663719 |
| light at the end of the canaliculus. first instituto ricerche di biologia molecolare symposium on gene expression during liver differentiation and disease, sorrento, italy, june 2-6, 1991. | | 1991 | 1663785 |
| analysis of hepatitis b virus dna, liver disease and influence of antibody to hepatitis c virus in anti-hbe chronic carriers. | hepatitis b virus dna (hbv-dna) in serum was studied in 67 anti-hbe patients using dot-blot hybridization, a modified technique and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). all patients had abnormal aminotransferase (alt) levels. serum hbv-dna was detected in 14/67 cases by dot-blot and in 39/67 (dna probe) and 45/67 (rna probe) using the modified technique. the rna probe was more sensitive than the dna probe when they were compared, using serial dilutions of hbv-dna of known concentration (0.1 pg vs 1 ... | 1991 | 1664015 |
| [unscheduled dna synthesis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in pedigrees of hepatocellular carcinoma patients]. | levels of unscheduled dna synthesis (uds) of peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured by liquid scintigraphy in 23 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), 42 first-degree relatives of hcc, 17 carriers of hbsag, and 47 controls in order to evaluate the effects of hn2.hcl on the damage and repair of cell dna, the effects of genetic susceptibility on the development of hcc, and the relationship between genetic susceptibility and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. the results were: 1. udss w ... | 1991 | 1664315 |
| immunohistochemical detection of hbsag and hbcag in the liver of patients with schistosomiasis japonica complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. | in liver biopsies from 21 patients with schistosomiasis japonica complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), 69 patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica, and 25 patients with hcc, hbsag and hbcag were investigated with peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. the positive rate of hbag (i.e. hbsag and/or hbcag) in the liver of patients with schistosomiasis japonica complicated by hcc was significantly higher than in the group of advanced schistosomiasis japonica, but similar to that in case ... | 1991 | 1664468 |
| [current etiological problems, in france, posed by primary liver cancer after cirrhosis. personal observations of 130 cases]. | the etiological problems concerning, in france, hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) developed on liver cirrhosis, are studied in this work through 130 personal cases followed up during the last decade. these 130 cases of hcc are divided in five groups according to apparent etiology: alcoholic (63 p. cent), b virus, (15.3 p. cent), cryptogenetic (11.5 p. cent), hemochromatosic (7.6 p. cent), autoimmune (2.3 p. cent). a review of these cases according to recent publications shows an evidence underestim ... | 1991 | 1665325 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of hepatitis b virus dna in hbsag seronegative patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from mozambique. | | 1991 | 1665691 |
| cohort study of hepatotropic virus and human t lymphotropic virus type-i infections in an area endemic for adult t cell leukemia. | we tested for antibodies to hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and human t lymphotropic virus type-i (htlv-i) in 629 normal inhabitants of an adult t cell leukemia (atl) endemic area and in patients with atl, htlv-i associated myelopathy (ham), and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) from the same district. the prevalence of serological positivity for each virus was 28.0, 6.4, and 32.6%, respectively, among the 629 inhabitants. there was a positive association between the presence of a ... | 1991 | 1665877 |
| a rapid method of sample preparation for detection of dna viruses in human serum by polymerase chain reaction. | a rapid method of serum treatment is described that can be used for the detection of viral dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the key feature of the assay is inactivation of inhibitory serum factors by controlled heating of serum. this method avoids dna extraction. it is very fast and limited sample handling decreases the chances of contamination by exogenous dna. it has been successfully used for demonstration of parvovirus b19, hepatitis b virus, and human cytomegalovirus dna in patient s ... | 1991 | 1666114 |
| a technique for liver biopsy performed in pekin ducks using anesthesia with telazol. | infection of pekin ducks with duck hepatitis b virus is a useful model for studying the hepadenoviruses, of which human hepatitis b virus is the prototype. the utility of this model has been limited, however, by the difficulties associated with anesthetizing and obtaining liver biopsies from ducks. we developed a technique using telazol (13 mg/kg) to anesthetize ducks before surgical biopsy of the liver in ducks infected with duck hepatitis b virus. eight pekin ducks infected with duck hepatitis ... | 1991 | 1666151 |
| infection control in dentistry. | the risk of transmission of infection within the dental workplace is low, but recent data have indicated that human immunodeficiency virus transmission between dentist and patient can occur, and that while nosocomial transmission of hepatitis b virus is now less likely, a small but significant number of staff may be at risk of hepatitis c virus and varicella zoster virus infection during dental treatment. despite these continued risks, shortcomings remain in cross-infection control in the dental ... | 1991 | 1666310 |
| hepatitis-e-virus-associated antigen: improved detection in stools by protein fv removal. | elisa detection of a hepatitis-e-virus-associated antigen (hev-aag) in stools was reappraised for its possible interference with a new fab-binding factor, termed protein fv, released during infectious hepatitis. transaminase elevation, hev-aag discharge and fv leakage appeared simultaneously in a cercopithecus monkey inoculated with infected stools. labelled normal, or immune human igg, were compared with pre- and post-inoculation simian igg, for hev-aag and fv detection. coated normal and patie ... | 1991 | 1666435 |
| preventing the transmission of hiv and hepatitis b virus. | | 1991 | 1666478 |
| kinetics of anti-hepatitis c virus response during acute hepatitis in an immunosuppressed hcv chronically infected patient. | a hepatitis c virus (hcv) chronically infected patient developed an episode of acute hepatitis during the course of immunosuppressive therapy given for a lymphoproliferative disease. it was noted that anti-hcv antibody response, seen to be relatively stable during the follow-up, lowered dramatically in coincidence with the hepatocytolytic peak. a diagnostic liver biopsy taken at the time of the acute phase of hepatitis demonstrated a typical feature of lobular hepatitis with widespread lymphocyt ... | 1991 | 1666620 |
| [duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) and viral dna in duck hepatocellular carcinoma and liver tissue]. | the hybridization test for duck hepatitis b virus dna was performed in 34 ducks with hepatoma from qidong, jiangsu province. among the 34 hepatoma ducks, 18 were positive for dhbv dna in the serum and 27 were positive in the tumor and/or liver tissue. tissue sections were stained with victoria blue nuclear fast red for detecting dhbv surface antigen. victoria blue positive cells were found in 11 tumors and 15 paratumorous regions of 23 ducks with hepatocellular carcinoma. although paratumorous r ... | 1991 | 1666870 |
| hepatitis b virus infection markers in genetic haemochromatosis. a study of 272 patients. | serum hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection markers were studied in 272 patients with homozygous genetic haemochromatosis complicated (n = 33) or not (n = 239) with primary liver cancer (plc). controls consisted of 255 029 healthy blood donors from whom age- and sex-matched control groups were extracted for statistical evaluation using the fisher exact test. in blood donors, hbsag was positive in 0.075% of males and 0.04% of females. this population was not screened for anti-hbs. anti-hbc alone (wit ... | 1991 | 1667016 |
| diagnostic advances in viral hepatitis: the discovery of hepatitis c virus and genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis b virus. | the discovery of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and its serological markers represents a new milestone in the history of viral hepatitis and allows a specific diagnosis of viral hepatitis in more than 90 percent of cases. in addition, testing for anti-hcv plays a crucial role in prevention of post-transfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis. the multifaceted spectrum of liver disease associated with hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, spanning from a healthy carrier state to severe forms of chronic hepatitis, wa ... | 1991 | 1667072 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in anti-hbe-positive hbsag carriers with chronic liver disease. | in the present study, sera from chronic hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) carriers positive for antibody to hepatitis b 'e' antigen (anti-hbe) with evolutive liver disease as correlated with anti-hbe-positive healthy carriers, were examined for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv). anti-hcv antibodies were detected in 32/124 (25.8%) anti-hbe-positive carriers with chronic liver disease and in none of the 46 healthy carriers. when anti-hcv positivity was evaluated in relationship to the degree ... | 1991 | 1667391 |
| recommendations for preventing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus to patients during exposure-prone invasive procedures. | | 1991 | 1667530 |
| molecular biology of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis b virus association. | the involvement of the hepatitis b virus in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma was initially suggested on the basis of epidemiological studies. in recent years several kinds of experimental evidence have supported this hypothesis; however, the role played by hepatitis b virus in hepatocarcinogenesis still needs to be elucidated. several groups of researchers are presently involved in establishing whether hepatitis b virus makes a specific genetic contribution to carcinogenesis or predi ... | 1991 | 1667738 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis c virus in singapore. | the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in singapore was assessed using a recombinant-based enzyme linked immunoassay system. 1004 serum samples were obtained from normal subjects (463), hemodialysis patients (112), hepatitis b virus (hbv) carriers (188), patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) (58) and patients with non-hepatitis b virus related liver diseases (183). anti-hcv was found to be positive in 1.7% of healthy subjects, and in 20% of patients on regular he ... | 1991 | 1668184 |
| t cell lines reactive with hepatitis b core and e antigens in patients with chronic hepatitis b. | hepatitis b virus (hbv)-associated nucleocapsid antigen (hb core and hb e) is believed to be a major target for t cell-mediated hepatocellular damage in chronic hbv carriers. studies were undertaken to determine whether both nucleocapsid ag could be recognized by t cell lines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from patients with chronic hepatitis b. after cultivation in the presence of rhbcag or purified hbeag, growing cells were cloned by limiting dilution in the presence of pha, il ... | 1991 | 1668281 |
| [receptors of retinoic acid and oncogenesis]. | | 1991 | 1668322 |
| hepatitis c virus (hcv)-rna in non-a, non-b chronic hepatitis in france. nucleotide sequence of a french hcv isolate. | the sera of 36 french patients with post-transfusional and sporadic non-a, non-b (nanb) chronic hepatitis were investigated, with a combination of serological and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays, for hbv and hcv infections. eighty-nine percent of the patients were found positive with serological and/or molecular tests. among the positive patients, 68% (22/32) were found positive for both anti-hcv and hcv-rna, 16% (5/32) and 16% (5/32) were found positive only for anti-hcv or hcv-rna, resp ... | 1991 | 1668329 |
| in vitro and in vivo replication capacity of the precore region defective hepatitis b virus variants. | although the precore region defective hepatitis b virus variants have been implicated in chronic liver disease and fulminant hepatitis, our knowledge on the molecular biology of these variants is still limited. using an in vitro transfection assay, we confirmed the replication competent but hbeag-negative nature of the major variants containing a tag stop codon in the distal precore region associated with one or two point mutations. transfection of the two-point-mutated variant into a chimpanzee ... | 1991 | 1668333 |
| hepatitis b virus variant, with a deletion in the pres2 and two translational stop codons in the precore regions, in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. | we analyzed hepatitis b virus (hbv) genomes obtained from serum samples and liver biopsy specimen of a chronic hbsag/anti-hbe carrier with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). before the liver biopsy, performed at the time of hcc diagnosis, the patient had been followed for 2 years; the serum samples collected in that period resulted negative for hbv-dna dot blot hybridization. the hepatic dna was at first examined by southern blot, but no hbv sequence was detected. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) am ... | 1991 | 1668334 |
| hepatitis b defective virus with rearrangements in the pres gene during hbv chronic infection. | we have found a defective form of hepatitis b in an anti-hbe positive chronic hbsag carrier with liver cancer (hcc). viral deletions were identified in the pres coding region using pcr and sequencing. the presence of deleted hbv forms was observed in serum, pbmc, and liver tissue. to conclude, rearrangements and deletions in the pres gene would potentially lead to an impairment in viral clearance without affecting viral penetration in liver cells, possibly accounting for chronic hbv infection. | 1991 | 1668335 |
| prevalence of the type of hepatitis virus in hospitalized jaundiced individuals. | the prevalence of different types of hepatitis virus was estimated in 185 hospitalized jaundiced patients. it was found that 41.08% were positive for hbs ag by elisa method. the jaundiced group was also tested for igm antibody and for total antibodies (igg and igm) to hav infection by elisa method and 5.40% were found to be positive. all patients in the jaundiced group had serum bilirubin above normal values. it was, therefore, assumed that the rest 52.92% were suffering from non a non b virus i ... | 1991 | 1668404 |
| branched dna amplification multimers for the sensitive, direct detection of human hepatitis viruses. | branched oligonucleotides (bdna) have been synthesized containing a unique primary segment and a set of identical secondary fragments covalently attached to the primary sequence through branch points. the primary sequence is designed to hybridize (directly or indirectly) to a target nucleic acid, such as hepatitis b virus (hbv) or hepatitis c virus (hcv) genomic dna or rna, respectively. the secondary fragments are used to direct the binding of multiple copies of a small oligonucleotide labelled ... | 1991 | 1668687 |
| [infections with hepatitis b, c and delta viruses in patients with aids]. | to analyse the prevalence of liver viral infections we tested sera of drug abusers hiv+ (23 persons), sera of drug abusers hiv--(30 persons) and sera of homosexuals hiv+ (18 persons). we looked for antigens delta and antibodies anti-hbcoreag, anti-hcv, anti-hdv. results showed the prevalence of hbv infections among drug abusers (in warsaw) and lower prevalence of hbv infections among homosexuals. we did not find any hcv and hdv infection among tested homosexuals. | 1991 | 1668702 |
| [serological markers of selected viral infections transmitted by parenteral route in drug addicts]. | investigations included a group 80 asymptomatic drug addicts. they were examined immunoenzyme method aiming at detection infection by hiv, hbv, hcv and hdv. cases of seropositive hiv results were confirmed by means wb. in 68 examined patients serological evidence of virus hbv was discovered. in 60 of them one also found out coexisting hiv serological markers, in 51 of hcv markers. hdv antibodies were disclosed in 7 cases. infection with hepatotropic viruses were more frequent in group of hiv(+) ... | 1991 | 1668703 |
| case-control study of cigarette smoking and primary hepatoma in an aflatoxin-endemic region of china: a protective effect. | aflatoxin is believed to be a major causative agent in the high incidence of primary liver cancer seen in certain regions of the world. in fujian province, an aflatoxin-endemic region of china, we compared the cigarette smoking habits of 200 primary hepatoma patients with those of 200 matched nonhepatoma controls. we excluded from our study all individuals with evidence of hepatitis b virus serum antigen and/or alcoholic cirrhosis. interestingly, two groups of hepatoma patients could be discerne ... | 1991 | 1668964 |
| viruses and cancer. causal associations. | this review first considered some general problems in establishing causal links between a virus and a human cancer and offered some guidelines in the pursuit of this objective. second, it reviewed the current causal associations for several candidate oncogenic viruses in relation to the tumors with which they are associated. these include epstein-barr virus in relation to burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hodgkin's disease, and non-hodgkin's lymphoma; hepatitis b and c viruses in rel ... | 1990 | 1669491 |
| biological false positive test for syphilis in lepromatous leprosy patients with concomitant hepatitis b virus infection. | within the wide range of immunological abnormalities occurring in lepromatous leprosy (ll), antiphospholipid antibodies unrelated to treponemal infection, the so-called biological false positive test for syphilis (bfp), have long been recognized. considering that bfp may also be encountered in different clinical situations, the fact that whether bfp in ll occurs solely or is associated with other concomitant infections or serological abnormalities was investigated. for this purpose, two groups o ... | 1991 | 1669564 |
| outbreaks of hepatitis b virus infection associated with infected surgical staff. | twelve outbreaks of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection associated with hbv infected surgical health care workers (11 surgeons; one perfusion technician) were reported between 1975 and 1990 in england, wales and northern ireland. a total of 95 infections was identified. transmission rates ranged from one to nine per cent but were higher for patients who had undergone major surgical procedures. the number of infections reported under-estimates the total number of patients who will have acquired hbv ... | 1991 | 1669783 |
| acute hepatitis b virus infection in children and teachers, england and wales 1985-90. | | 1991 | 1669805 |
| hiv and hepatitis b virus infection in health care workers. | | 1991 | 1669869 |
| condom issues in aids prevention in africa. | in vitro studies have demonstrated that an intact latex condom provides an effective barrier against several sexually transmitted pathogens, including herpes simplex virus type 2, hepatitis b virus, cytomegalovirus, hiv, neisseria gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis, and mycoplasma. this paper discusses some of the major advances and critical issues which should be incorporated in condom program design and implementation. the authors drew extensively from their experience with family health inter ... | 1991 | 1669918 |
| decline of hbsag antibodies after immunization with hepatitis b vaccines and after natural infection. | the long-term persistence of anti-hbsag above 10 mui is conventionally believed to protect against natural infection with hepatitis b virus, while it is not yet clear what is the clinical significance of the fall to below 10 mui in antibody levels. in our opinion, an important method for evaluating the effectiveness of the vaccine lies in comparing the duration of vaccine-immunity with that following the disease, the later being held to provide life-long protection. in this view, we examined the ... | 1991 | 1670048 |
| immunoselected hepatitis b virus mutant. | | 1991 | 1670720 |
| horizontal transmission of hepatitis b virus. | | 1991 | 1670884 |
| hepatitis b virus integration event in human chromosome 17p near the p53 gene identifies the region of the chromosome commonly deleted in virus-positive hepatocellular carcinomas. | the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) presumably occurs in multiple steps and is influenced by numerous factors. hepatitis b virus (hbv) is strongly associated with the development of hcc in people chronically infected with the virus, but the mechanism of viral involvement remains unclear. one possibility is that the gross chromosomal alterations frequently observed in hcc dna at the site of hbv integration may alter the expression of important nearby cellular genes. we previously re ... | 1991 | 1670994 |
| allelotype study of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. | accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes transforms a normal cell to a malignant cell by allowing it to escape from normal control of growth. in order to learn (a) how many tumor suppressor genes are involved in the tumor progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, (b) whether there is any association among allelic losses of chromosomes, or (c) whether integration of hepatitis b virus into host dna influences any particular chromosomal losses, we have examined loss of heter ... | 1991 | 1670995 |
| experience with immunoprophylaxis and interferon therapy after liver transplantation in hbsag positive patients. | | 1991 | 1671180 |
| horizontal transmission of hepatitis b virus. | | 1991 | 1672014 |
| vaccination against hepatitis b and protection against chronic viral carriage in the gambia. | 358 children in the gambian villages of keneba and manduar, where hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is endemic, were vaccinated with plasma-derived vaccine against hbv according to one of four regimens and followed for up to 4 years. two regimens by which vaccine was injected intradermally into children between 0 and 4 years old led to peak geometric mean (95% ci) concentrations of antibody against hbv surface antigen of 270 (202-358) and 555 (418-748) mlu/ml. the third regimen--intramuscular va ... | 1991 | 1672389 |
| treatment of hbv reactivation after withdrawal of immunosuppression. | | 1991 | 1672434 |
| selective g to t mutations of p53 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma from southern africa. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is a prevalent cancer in sub-saharan africa and eastern asia. hepatitis b virus and aflatoxins are risk factors for hcc, but the molecular mechanism of human hepatocellular carcinogenesis is largely unknown. abnormalities in the structure and expression of the tumour-suppressor gene p53 are frequent in hcc cell lines, and allelic losses from chromosome 17p have been found in hccs from china and japan. here we report on allelic deletions from chromosome 17p and muta ... | 1991 | 1672732 |
| passive immunoprophylaxis after liver transplantation in hbsag-positive patients. | 110 hbsag-positive patients underwent orthotopic liver transplantation and received long-term anti-hepatitis b virus (hbv) passive immunoprophylaxis with anti-hbs immunoglobulin. during a mean follow-up period of 20 months, all patients became hbsag negative after transplantation but circulating hbsag reappeared in 25 (22.7%). overall 1-year survival was 83.6% and overall 2 year actuarial recurrence of hbsag was 29% (59% after posthepatitis b cirrhosis, 13% after posthepatitis b-delta cirrhosis, ... | 1991 | 1672913 |
| scheduling of revaccination against hepatitis b virus. | studies have shown that to maintain protection against infection after a primary course of hepatitis b immunisation, revaccination can be scheduled on the basis of an anti-hepatitis b virus surface antigen (anti-hbs) titre obtained 1 month after the booster dose. however, schemes which require post-booster testing may present practical difficulties. we applied a random-effects regression model to data from 118 senegalese infants given three injections of hepatitis b vaccine about 6 weeks apart a ... | 1991 | 1673737 |
| inhibition of hepatitis b virus by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. | | 1991 | 1673773 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection does not alter serum transaminases and hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in homosexual patients with chronic hbv infection. | the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection on the clinical course of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is controversial. we followed a cohort of 64 homosexual men with persistent hbs antigenemia for a median of 24 months in the hepatitis clinic of a large urban public hospital. we divided the patients into three groups according to their immune status. group 1 (n = 13) consisted of hiv-seropositive men with evidence of immunosuppression; group 2 (n = 17), hiv-positive ... | 1991 | 1674196 |
| influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection on cell-mediated immunity in chronic d hepatitis. | to determine whether the abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity described in chronic d hepatitis are associated with hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection or concomitant human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, serologic and tissue hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hdv markers and t lymphocyte subsets were studied in serum samples from 38 patients with chronic d hepatitis, 26 of whom had hiv infection. patients with chronic d hepatitis and hiv infection had significantly lower peripheral blood t4:t8 ... | 1991 | 1674749 |
| [periarteritis nodosa-type vasculitis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus]. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) may be responsible for several types of vasculitis: leucocytoclastic vasculitis, granulomatous angiitis, angiitis associated with lymphoproliferative syndromes or necrotizing vasculitis including periarteritis nodosa (pan). we report a case of pan in a 62-year old hiv1-positive woman. the patient had no co-occurrent hepatitis b virus infection and was negative for antinuclear antibodies. she presented with sicca syndrome, necrotic purpura, myalgias and poly ... | 1991 | 1675017 |
| latent hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in systemic necrotizing vasculitis. | we have investigated hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in systemic necrotizing vasculitis (snv). our approach included the detection of the viral surface antigen (hbsag) with a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal anti-hbs (m-ria); in addition, hbv dna was looked for in serum and peripheral mononuclear blood cells. among 28 subjects with snv, 12 were found to be positive for hbsag with the conventional test (p-ria) and 7 additional subjects had anti-hbc and/or anti-hbs. from the 16 hbsag negati ... | 1991 | 1675938 |
| immunologic correlates of spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation in human t-lymphotropic virus infection. | previously we showed that mononuclear cells from about half of human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv)-seropositive persons exhibit spontaneous proliferation in vitro. we sought to determine if proliferation was associated with other immunologic changes characteristic of htlv infection. the parameters assessed were (1) percentages of lymphocytes expressing cd4 and/or cd25 (interleukin-2 receptor), (2) serum levels of soluble cd25, (3) serostatus for other viruses, (4) anti-htlv antibody levels, and (5 ... | 1991 | 1676916 |
| revaccination against hepatitis b virus. | | 1991 | 1677140 |
| [changing seroepidemiology pattern of hepatitis b virus infection among elementary and junior high school children in keelung, taiwan, 1988]. | a large-scale seroepidemiologic study of 20816 (35.6% of total) elementary and junior high school children (grades 1-9) in keelung, taiwan was conducted in april-may 1988. the study was to investigate the current status of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection and to plan the extension of the present hbv prevention program to other age groups. two hbv markers, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and hepatitis b surface antibody (anti-hbs), were determined by enzyme immunoassay. the overall seroposit ... | 1991 | 1677404 |
| loss of somatic heterozygosity in hepatocellular carcinoma. | loss of tumor suppressor genes is involved in the mechanism of tumorigenesis of many solid tumors. we tested 9 hepatitis b virus (hbv)-positive and 10 hbv-negative hepatocellular carcinomas for loss of somatic heterozygosity using 14 polymorphic probes mapping to chromosomes 4, 11, 13, and 17. losses were found on all chromosome arms tested. the highest frequency of loss was observed at the d13s1 locus (67%) at band 13q12. losses were also observed at three other loci on 13q. twenty-one % of inf ... | 1991 | 1678314 |
| mononucleosis and hepatic failure associated with diphenylhydantoin treatment in an infant. | diphenylhydantoin-induced hepatitis and mononucleosis are uncommon in children. the occurrence of these two diseases in the same individual, with progression to hepatic failure is rare and has not been reported in infants. this report represents a 6-month-old male infant who developed an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome and hepatic failure 16 days after diphenylhydantoin administration. he took this anticonvulsant for controlling seizures after a head injury. fever, skin rash, hepatospleno ... | 1991 | 1678417 |
| microprocessors for auditing the surveillance activity of the infection control nurse. | an important part of the infection control nurse's activity in the uk is the laboratory-based surveillance of patients with infections that are known to be transmissible, i.e. of 'alert' organisms. we have replaced a manual 't-card' system in which relevant patient information, microbiology and nursing notes are held on all patients yielding 'alert' organisms. the programme is menu driven, requires minimal coding and runs on a microprocessor with a hard disc. the programme enables surveillance p ... | 1991 | 1679809 |
| minimal role of hepatitis b virus in posttransfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis in taiwan: a study by polymerase chain reaction. | using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna and an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay for the antibody to the hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), we studied the serum samples of 18 patients with posttransfusion non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis in a prospective study. they were all negative for both the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and the igm antibody to the hepatitis b core antigen (igm anti-hbc) by radioimmunoassay and were all negative for hepatitis b virus (hbv) dn ... | 1991 | 1680985 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus in pregnant taiwanese. | to assess the prevalence of an antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in pregnant women in taiwan, and elucidate whether or not there is superinfection of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) in such cases, we investigated two independent groups of pregnant women. group a included 294 without serum alanine aminotranferase (alt) screening, and group b included 171 pregnant women with an abnormal alt level (greater than 45 iu/l) who were recruited from 9,523 pregnant women screened for alt. blood samplin ... | 1991 | 1680986 |
| lymphocytes and their subsets in the peripheral blood of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. | using an automatic blood cell counter (sysmex f500), the white blood cells of peripheral blood from patients can be accurately counted. the lymphocytes and their subsets can also be accurately counted and measured by the use of various fluorescent conjugated monoclonal antibodies and the flow cytometry (facscan) method. this study disclosed a significant decrease in the lymphocyte, b cell, t cell and t-cell subsets of 45 hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) patients as compared with those of 64 normal ... | 1991 | 1681011 |
| lack of hbv and hdv replicative activity in hbsag-positive intravenous drug addicts with immune deficiency due to hiv. | the effects of hiv infection on hbv and hdv replication and liver damage were evaluated by comparing the findings from 48 anti-hiv-positive hbsag chronic carriers with those from 22 matched anti-hiv-negative subjects. the state of hbv/hdv infection was also related to the degree of immunodeficiency of the anti-hiv-positive patients. most patients were intravenous drug addicts (ivda) (84.2%); male homosexuals represented only a small proportion (7.1%). serum hbv-dna was detected more frequently i ... | 1991 | 1681028 |
| effect of screening for hepatitis c virus antibody and hepatitis b virus core antibody on incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis. japanese red cross non-a, non-b hepatitis research group. | since november 1989, japanese red cross blood centres throughout the country have screened donors for hepatitis c virus (hcv) with an ortho enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to the c100-3 viral peptide. simultaneously, the centres started to screen for units with high-titre (greater than or equal to 2(6)) antibody to hepatitis b virus core antigen (hbcab) in the absence of hepatitis b virus surface antigen and antibody. to test the effectiveness of this policy, the incidence of post ... | 1991 | 1681356 |
| diclofenac, paracetamol, and vidarabine removal during plasma exchange in polyarteritis nodosa patients. | since plasma exchange (pe) represents a major treatment for patients suffering from systemic diseases, its influence on the kinetics of three drugs was investigated: vidarabine, used in patients with polyarteritis nodosa associated with hepatitis b virus (eight subjects), and diclofenac and paracetamol for investigative purposes (five subjects). this study confirmed that vidarabine is so rapidly deaminated to form hypoxanthine arabinoside (hx-ara) that no detectable concentrations were measured. ... | 1991 | 1681957 |
| guidelines for hepatitis b virus screening and vaccination during pregnancy. acog committee opinion: committee on obstetrics: maternal and fetal medicine number 78--january 1990. | | 1991 | 1682187 |
| phlebotomy in inoculation risk patients: a questionnaire survey of knowledge and practices of hospital doctors in liverpool. | to assess the knowledge of hospital doctors about patients at increased risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or hepatitis b virus, and the precautions they took during phlebotomy in such patients, an anonymous postal questionnaire was sent to all 307 hospital doctors working at two district general hospitals in liverpool, uk. two hundred and thirty-eight (77.5%) of the questionnaires were returned. more than 90% of respondents considered a history of male homosexuality, intr ... | 1991 | 1682370 |
| chromosomal sites for hepatitis b virus integration in human hepatocellular carcinoma. | the discovery that hepatitis b virus (hbv) integrates into host chromosomes raises the question of whether such viral dna integration correlates directly with the activation of specific oncogenes or the inactivation of anti-oncogenes. to obtain insight into this problem, we randomly collected hbv integrant samples from different human hepatocellular carcinomas and identified the site of chromosomal integration by using in situ hybridization and/or linkage analysis with the flanking cellular dnas ... | 1991 | 1682510 |
| p53 mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma after aflatoxin exposure. | mutations of the p53 gene are found in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), the most common form of primary liver cancer. specific mutations might reflect exposure to specific carcinogens and we have screened hcc samples from patients in 14 different countries to determine the frequency of a hotspot mutation at codon 249 of the tumour suppressor p53 gene. we detected mutations in 17% of tumours (12/72) from four countries in south africa and the southeast coast of asia. there was no codon 249 mutatio ... | 1991 | 1682737 |
| hepatitis b virus transmitted via bite. | | 1991 | 1683455 |
| strain analysis of hepatitis b virus on the basis of restriction endonuclease analysis of polymerase chain reaction products. | to assess the value of classifying hepatitis b virus (hbv) strains at the genomic level with products from the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), an hbv pcr dna typing procedure was developed. the design of this method was based on the selective sensitivity of the pcr product to digestion with different restriction endonucleases and on the size of the fragment resulting from a specific nuclease digestion. on the basis of published nucleotide sequences of different hbv subtypes, a set of primers wa ... | 1991 | 1684796 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibody in an area endemic for hepatitis b virus and human t cell leukaemia virus. | to clarify the prevalence of concurrent infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human t cell leukaemia virus (htlv), we measured hcv antibody in the population of a district endemic for hbv and htlv infection. blood samples were collected in june 1990 from 579 inhabitants of four islands of uwa bay in the southwest of ehime prefecture in japan. anti-hcv antibody against c100-3 protein was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (ortho diagnostics). thi ... | 1991 | 1685926 |
| inhibition of duck hepatitis b virus replication in vitro by 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-azidothymidine and related compounds. | we have adopted the in vitro hepatocyte culture system of the duck infected with duck hepatitis b virus (hdbv) to an anti-viral assay system. using this method, we found that 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-azidothymidine (n3dt) and 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-o-methylthymidine (omet) had antiviral effects against dhbv replication in the concentrations of 20-50 mumol/l and 4-40 mumol/l, respectively. the n3dt inhibited the single strand dna formation (negative strand), which is an intermediate of virus replication. howev ... | 1991 | 1688076 |
| carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein expression and monoclonal antibody targeting in a human hepatoma/nude mouse model. | hep g2, a human hepatocellular carcinoma, was grown s.c. in nude mice, as well as in tissue culture. this line retains the normal liver parenchymal cell capacity to synthesize human plasma proteins such as albumin, but there is no indication that it harbors the hepatitis b virus. we have detected the oncofetal antigens alpha-fetoprotein (afp) and carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) in both hep g2 xenografts and spent tissue culture media by ouchterlony double diffusion assays, enzyme-linked immunosor ... | 1990 | 1688735 |
| molecular mimicry between a uveitopathogenic site of s-antigen and viral peptides. induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis in lewis rats. | s-antigen (s-ag) is a well characterized 45,000 m.w. photoreceptor cell protein. when injected into susceptible animal species, including primates, it induces an experimental autoimmune uveitis, a predominantly t cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the retina and uveal tract of the eye, and of the pineal gland. in this study we found an amino acid sequence homology between a uveitopathogenic site of s-ag, several viral proteins and one additional nonviral protein. an experimental autoimmune uvei ... | 1990 | 1689349 |
| cis rescue of a mutated reverse transcriptase gene of human hepatitis b virus by creation of an internal atg. | using mutational analysis, we have investigated the translation strategy of the reverse transcriptase gene (pol) of human hepatitis b virus. it has been proposed that this pol gene product is synthesized as a core-pol fusion protein from a polycistronic mrna template via ribosomal frameshifting, a mechanism often seen in retroelements. our data indicate that creation of a novel atg initiation codon near the original atg can compensate for a lethal missense mutation at the first atg position of t ... | 1990 | 1689389 |
| immunogenic domains of hepatitis delta virus antigen: peptide mapping of epitopes recognized by human and woodchuck antibodies. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is a defective rna virus which is dependent on hepatitis b virus for essential helper functions. only a single highly basic phosphoprotein, hdv antigen (hdag), is expressed by the hdv genome during infection in humans. antibody directed to hdag is important in the diagnosis of hdv infection, and it is likely but not yet proven that the immune response to hdag provides significant protection against subsequent exposures to hdv. in an effort to map the antigenic domains ... | 1990 | 1689390 |
| virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody to a conserved epitope on the duck hepatitis b virus pre-s protein. | in this study we used duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv)-infected pekin ducks and heron hepatitis b virus (hhbv)-infected heron tissue to search for epitopes responsible for virus neutralization on pre-s proteins. monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing mice with purified dhbv particles. of 10 anti-dhbv specific hybridomas obtained, 1 was selected for this study. this monoclonal antibody recognized in both dhbv-infected livers and viremic sera a major (36-kilodalton) protein and several min ... | 1990 | 1689393 |
| thyroxine-binding globulin in patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection: different implications in hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. | to determine serum thyroxine-binding globulin (tbg) levels, we used radioimmunoassay, and compared the results obtained with other tests in 231 patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection to evaluate its clinical implications. all of these patients were hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive. among them, 38 patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), 18 had chronic persistent hepatitis, 70 had chronic lobular or active hepatitis (grouped as cah), 31 had active cirrhosis (ac), 25 had ... | 1990 | 1689951 |
| c-ha-ras down regulates the alpha-fetoprotein gene but not the albumin gene in human hepatoma cells. | we studied the effects of transfection of the normal c-ha-ras gene, rasgly-12, and its oncogenic mutant, rasval-12, on expression of the alpha-fetoprotein (afp) and albumin genes in a human hepatoma cell line, huh-7. the mutant and, to a lesser extent, the normal ras gene caused reduction of the afp mrna but not the albumin mrna level in transfected huh-7 cells. cotransfection experiments with a rasval-12 expression plasmid and a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene fused to afp regul ... | 1990 | 1690841 |
| polymerase gene products of hepatitis b viruses are required for genomic rna packaging as wel as for reverse transcription. | all reactions involving reverse transcription of rna are segregated from the cytosol within a subviral particle or capsid composed of the major capsid protein, the polymerase and the rna template. a key step in the formation of these particles is the selective encapsidation of the rna template. although an important general feature of the reverse transcription pathway, encapsidation has been carefully studied only for retroviruses. we have now examined the encapsidation reaction in a family of e ... | 1990 | 1690862 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies in southern african blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma. | 380 southern african blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma and 152 controls were studied. antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) were found in 110 patients and 1 control. 184 patients had evidence of current infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and 122 had had infection with this virus in the past. only 47 patients had no markers of hcv or hbv infection. among patients positive for hcv, there was a higher proportion of women and urban dwellers, and the average age was higher. in southern africa, ... | 1990 | 1691422 |
| immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury in hepatitis b virus transgenic mice. | the role of the immune response to hepatitis b virus (hbv)-encoded antigens in the pathogenesis of liver cell injury has not been defined because of the absence of appropriate experimental models. hbv envelope transgenic mice were used to show that hbv-encoded antigens are expressed at the hepatocyte surface in a form recognizable by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted, cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes specific for a dominant t cell epitope within the major envelope polypeptide ... | 1990 | 1691527 |
| protective potential of hepatitis b virus antigens other than the s gene protein. | the current recombinant hepatitis b vaccines are safe and effective. however, the occurrence of non-responders and difficulties in immunizing immunodeficient persons suggest the need for further improvements. recent data suggest that the pre-s2 and pre-s1 domains of hepatitis b virus induce protective antibodies. the good t-helper cell response against pre-s1 epitopes would also improve the antibody response against the small surface antigen protein. an even better t-cell priming could be achiev ... | 1990 | 1691567 |