| the oligosaccharides in a recombinant hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag) carrying the pre-s2 region derived from yeast. | the n- and o-linked oligosaccharides in a yeast-derived hbsag m protein (pre-s2 + s) were analyzed. two major structures of the n-linked oligosaccharides bound to residue asn4 were determined to be high-mannose type oligosaccharides, man7glcnac2 and man8glcnac2, by two-dimensional sugar mapping of the corresponding pyridylamino oligosaccharides. peptide mapping of the m protein, sequence analysis of the glycopeptides after beta-elimination under reducing conditions and sugar-composition analysis ... | 1992 | 1633844 |
| immune tolerance to a defined heterologous antigen after intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation: implications for gene therapy. | development of a host immune response against gene products expressed by genetically modified cells could be a serious limitation for gene therapy. during examination of whether site-specific differences in antigen presentation could regulate the host immune response, we observed an absence of antibodies against hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag) when hbsag producing transgenic hepatocytes were transplanted into the spleen. intrasplenic transplantation resulted in translocation of a large ... | 1992 | 1634046 |
| [prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis b virus and syphilis in full term pregnancy]. | the estimation of the frequency of infection by hiv, hepatitis b virus and syphilis in unselected populations of full-term pregnancy is useful for epidemiologic surveillance of these diseases and for decision marking in prenatal detection. | 1992 | 1635393 |
| guidelines for reducing the risk of disease transmission in the psychophysiology laboratory. spr ad hoc committee on the prevention of disease transmission. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) pandemic has highlighted the need for safeguards against the inadvertent transmission of infectious disease in the psychophysiology laboratory. these guidelines identify factors contributing to the risk of bloodborne disease transmission to subjects or technicians, and recommend procedures to minimize such risk, given current knowledge and techniques. the lowest risk is associated with the application of devices, such as surface electrodes, to nonabr ... | 1992 | 1635955 |
| [clinical aspects and epidemiology of hepatitis b]. | | 1992 | 1636264 |
| [new viruses in perinatology (hbv and hiv). can we prevent their vertical transmission?]. | | 1992 | 1636964 |
| [relapse prevention in liver transplant patients treated for liver involvement due to hepatitis b virus]. | controversy surrounds the indication of liver transplantation in patients with hepatitis b virus infection. the major problem is the very high risk of infection of the graft. some investigators have suggested that the presence of hbsag is a contraindication to liver transplantation. between february 1975 and december 1990, 178 hbs positive patients were transplanted at paul brousse hospital in professor h. bismuth's department, 137 for post hepatitis cirrhosis and 41 for fulminant hepatitis. sin ... | 1992 | 1637419 |
| phosphotungstate as a useful eluent for hepatitis-b virus surface antigen purification by heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography. | on the basis of the heparin-like effect of phosphotungstate (pta), we have shown that it is useful for the purification of hepatitis-b virus surface antigen (hbsag) using heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography. hbsag was eluted with 0.2-0.6 m nacl. hbsag was also eluted with pta at approximately 1 mm, and the hbsag fraction thus obtained contained fewer impurities than the corresponding fraction eluted with nacl. moreover, pta yielded hbsag and hepatitis-b virus e-antigen simultaneously. pta ... | 1992 | 1638093 |
| hepatitis b virus transactivator mhbst: activation of nf-kappa b, selective inhibition by antioxidants and integral membrane localization. | c-terminal truncation of the middle surface antigen from hepatitis b virus (mhbs) gives rise to a novel transactivating protein, called mhbst. in this study we show that mhbst like the hbx protein of hbv, can cause nuclear appearance of nf-kappa b dna binding activity and induce various kappa b-controlled reporter genes. while an inhibitor of protein kinase c could not block gene induction by mhbst, the antioxidants n-acetyl-l-cysteine (nac) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (pdtc) could potently ... | 1992 | 1639069 |
| the immune response in chronic hepatitis b virus infection: the "core" of the problem? | | 1992 | 1639359 |
| alcoholism and liver cirrhosis in the etiology of primary liver cancer. | the aim of this study was to determine the risk of developing primary liver cancer in patients with a diagnosis of alcoholism, liver cirrhosis, or both. three population-based, mutually exclusive cohorts were defined on the basis of hospital discharge diagnosis between 1965 and 1983. complete follow-up through 1984--excluding the first year of follow-up--showed that among 8,517 patients with a diagnosis of alcoholism, 13 cancers occurred, vs. 4.2 expected (standardized incidence ratio (sir) = 3. ... | 1992 | 1639537 |
| [perinatal hepatitis b virus transmission]. | using the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna has already been detected in many patients negative for all other serological hbv markers [12]. but yet, the relevance of these findings as a marker of infectivity has not been determined. we therefore have used the pcr to examine the perinatal route of hbv transmission by testing sera from 109 mother-child pairs in yaoundé, cameroon. hbv-dna was detected in 25 (23%) of the mother's sera from which only 5 were ... | 1992 | 1640950 |
| treatment with interferon gamma versus interferons alfa and gamma in children with chronic hepatitis b. | thirty-five children with chronic hepatitis b were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (n = 12), untreated; group 2 (n = 11), treated with 1 million units of interferon gamma per square meter of body surface (mu/m2), three times a week for 24 weeks; and group 3 (n = 12), treated with interferon alfa at a dose of 5 mu/m2, three times a week for 12 weeks followed by 1 mu/m2 of interferon gamma with the same schedule. at the end of the treatment (6th month), hepatitis b virus dna was negativ ... | 1992 | 1641292 |
| the main five types of viral hepatitis: an alphabetical update. | the rapidly increasing knowledge in the field of viral hepatitis warrants regular updates. clinical studies with new hepatitis a vaccines have shown that they are safe, well-tolerated, and effective. several reports on hepatitis b virus (hbv) variants have appeared. surface antigen mutants may have an important influence on vaccine prophylaxis because existing vaccines may not protect against infection with these variants. hepatitis d virus is a circular rna virus that requires the presence of h ... | 1992 | 1641591 |
| detection of a hepatitis b virus variant with a truncated x gene and enhancer ii. | | 1992 | 1642555 |
| hepatitis b and c in heterosexual patients with various sexually transmitted diseases. | the seroprevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections were prospectively assessed in 356 heterosexuals with stds (sexually transmitted diseases) and compared to a control group of 381 healthy first-time blood donors. eighty-one of 356 std patients were anti-hbc positive (22.8%) compared to 14/381 blood donors (3.8%; p less than 0.001). in addition, 18 of the 81 anti-hbc positive std patients, but none of the controls, were positive for hbsag (p = 0.06). the prevale ... | 1992 | 1644486 |
| the pres1 domain of hepatitis b virus and iga cross-react in their binding to the hepatocyte surface. | using a solid-phase assay we have demonstrated specific competition between the pres1 sequence of hepatitis b virus and human iga in their binding to isolated normal human liver plasma membranes, suggesting molecular mimicry. monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against virus and iga epitopes were used to detect and map immunological cross-reactivity to the virus sequence involved in liver cell binding. these findings suggest the existence of a common receptor or of closely related recept ... | 1992 | 1645141 |
| [the association of hepatitis-b-virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma]. | | 1991 | 1645489 |
| full-length and truncated versions of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) x protein (px) transactivate the cmyc protooncogene at the transcriptional level. | the products of the human hepatitis b virus (hbv) and woodchuck hepatitis b virus x genes (pxs) transactivate homologous and heterologous genes including the hbv-x and core promoters, the human immunodeficiency viruses 1 (hiv-1) and 2 (hiv-2) long terminal repeats and the beta interferon regulatory sequences. we report here that px is also able to influence the expression of both extrachromosomal transfected c-myc regulatory sequences and endogenous c-myc gene. px acts by increasing transcriptio ... | 1991 | 1645550 |
| liver cancer in thailand. ii. a case-control study of hepatocellular carcinoma. | potential risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma were investigated in a case-control study among inhabitants of north east thailand. sixty-five cases from 3 hospitals, with matched controls, were included. infection with hepatitis-b virus was the major risk factor-chronic carriers of hb surface antigen had an estimated relative risk of 15.2. infection with hepatitis-c virus appeared to be rare. no increase in risk was found with recent aflatoxin intake, as estimated by consumption of possibly ... | 1991 | 1645698 |
| development of immunogenic recombinant oka varicella vaccine expressing hepatitis b virus surface antigen. | recombinant oka varicella vaccine expressing hepatitis b virus (hbv) surface antigen (hbs) was constructed by inserting the hbs gene into the viral thymidine kinase (tk) gene and was examined for its immunogenicity in guinea-pigs. the hbs gene encoding 25 amino acids of pres2 and the whole of the s region was inserted into the tk gene of the cloned plasmid. the chimeric plasmid dna and oka varicella vaccine dna were cotransfected and recombinant virus was isolated after immunofluorescence screen ... | 1991 | 1646279 |
| chronic active hepatitis b. interferon-activated natural killer-like cells against a hepatoma cell line transfected with the hepatitis b virus nucleic acid. | in a rapid 51cr release assay, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 healthy donors did not lyse the hepatitis b virus deoxyribonucleic-acid-transfected human hepatoma cell line 2.2.15, but under the same experimental conditions they did lyse k562 cells. peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 out of 16 patients with chronic active hepatitis b exhibited cytotoxic activity against 2.2.15 cells in the presence of a relatively reduced natural killer cell activity to the k562 cell target. en ... | 1991 | 1646927 |
| abnormalities of chromosome 1 and loss of heterozygosity on 1p in primary hepatomas. | cytogenetic analysis of eight human hepatoma-derived cell lines and one primary hepatocellular carcinoma biopsy revealed multiple chromosome abnormalities; however, only chromosome 1 was consistently affected by rearrangements. pseudopolysomy 1 as well as chromosome 1 deletions and/or translocations that resulted in loss of the distal 1p region from at least one copy of chromosome 1 were observed in all but one of the cell lines analysed. molecular analyses of tumor-derived and normal genomic dn ... | 1991 | 1646986 |
| recommendations for preventing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus to patients during exposure-prone invasive procedures. | this document has been developed by the centers for disease control (cdc) to update recommendations for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) in the health-care setting. current data suggest that the risk for such transmission from a health-care worker (hcw) to a patient during an invasive procedure is small; a precise assessment of the risk is not yet available. this document contains recommendations to provide guidance for prevention of hi ... | 1991 | 1648165 |
| a case of childhood hepatitis b virus infection related primary hepatocellular carcinoma with short malignant transformation time. | a case of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (phc) developing in a 10 year old boy who contracted hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in the course of maintenance phase chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia was seen at university hospital, kuala lumpur. this case is of interest in that it (1) supports an etiological relationship between hbv infection and phc, (2) manifested a distinctly short malignant transformation time, and (3) draws attention to the possible contributory role of chemothe ... | 1991 | 1648195 |
| complex segregation analysis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in chinese families: interaction of inherited susceptibility and hepatitis b viral infection. | primary hepatocellular carcinoma (phc) is extremely common in eastern china, where it is both associated with chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and often familial. complex segregation analysis of 490 extended families was undertaken with liability classes defined by age, sex, and hbv infection status. the maximum-likelihood model suggests that a recessive allele with population frequency approximately .25 yields lifetime risk of phc, in the presence of both hbv infection and genetic ... | 1991 | 1648308 |
| [localization of c-myc gene protein in hepatoma cells]. | localization of c-myc gene protein was investigated in human hepatoblastoma cells (hep g2) and its derived tumor tissue in nude mice by using immunohistochemical method. revealing by double staining technique, c-myc protein was located in the nuclei of tumor cells at a site different from where the nucleic acid accumulated but disappeared in the mitotic nucleus. it was confirmed to be in the nuclei, next to the chromatin by immunoelectron microscopy. this pattern was not influenced by hbsag expr ... | 1991 | 1648457 |
| increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor number in chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | production of the antiviral cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha is increased in chronic hepatitis b virus infection, and clinical studies of tumor necrosis factor-alpha have indicated a proviral effect at higher doses. to determine whether this might be related to abnormal cell surface tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor expression, binding characteristics of cell surface tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in chronic hepatitis b virus carriers were stud ... | 1991 | 1648538 |
| the significance of antibody to hepatitis c virus in patients with chronic hepatitis b. | we assessed the prevalence and clinical significance of antibodies to hepatitis c virus among a cohort of 148 patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. sixteen patients (11%) had anti-hepatitis c virus detectable by enzyme-linked immunoassay. the results from eight of these patients were positive by recombinant immunoblot assay. the results of recombinant immunoblot assay testing were not consistent; therefore the analysis of the patients' data was based on anti-hepatitis c virus enzyme ... | 1991 | 1648540 |
| primary hepatocellular carcinoma in an area of low incidence: evidence for a viral aetiology from routinely collected data. | in recent years a strong case has been made in support of a viral aetiology for at least some primary hepatocellular carcinoma (phc) in areas of low incidence. by pooling routinely collected cancer registration and infection data, study of the relationship between hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection and the incidence of phc in scotland over the period 1972-1985 has confirmed this view. over this period the incidence of phc in men increased, there was a relationship between the incidence of notific ... | 1991 | 1648550 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma. a worldwide problem and the major risk factors. | male sex, age, cirrhosis, and hbsag are the major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). the geographic distribution of hcc is highly uneven, such that three distinct incidence areas are recognized. to clarify the reason(s) for this geographic variability of hcc, the risk factors in each incidence area were assessed. in parallel with the geographic distribution of hcc, hbsag prevalence was highest in both hcc patients and in general population in africa and asia, where mothers of hcc p ... | 1991 | 1649041 |
| diversity of hepatitis b virus x gene-related transcripts in hepatocellular carcinoma: a novel polyadenylation site on viral dna. | rna was isolated from tissue of two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma developed on the background of a chronic hepatitis b virus infection. for identification and characterization of 3' ends of x gene open reading frame (orf)-related transcripts, rna was reverse transcribed into cdna and subjected to polymerase chain reaction. cloned amplification products from tumor tissue of one patient represented an approximately even distribution of transcripts terminating at the established poly(a) si ... | 1991 | 1649331 |
| medical evaluation of internationally adopted children. | despite many reports of medical illness in children adopted from abroad, there are currently no accepted guidelines for medical evaluation of this population. | 1991 | 1649404 |
| [hepatitis c virus antibody in hungarian blood donors, persons at risk and patients with post-transfusion hepatitis]. | the authors screened blood donors, persons at high risk of infection and patients with post-transfusion hepatitis by the use of the new hepatitis c antibody test. 1.7% of persons donating blood acceptable for use according to current criteria were found positive. this ratio was markedly higher among donors displaying an elevated transaminase level. among the various patients tested 85% of the haemophiliacs, 14% of the transfused haematology patients, and 40% of those on dialysis were found posit ... | 1991 | 1649426 |
| ah receptor mediating induction of cytochrome p450ia1 in a novel continuous human liver cell line (mz-hep-1). detection by binding with [3h]2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and relationship to the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. | the ah receptor regulates induction of cytochrome p450ia1 and mediates certain toxicities of polyhalogenated aromatics such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd). it has been characterized previously in continuous cell lines, notably the mouse hepatoma line hepa 1, the human squamous cell carcinoma line a431, and the human liver cell line hep g2. the present work extends our knowledge of the ah receptor in continuous human liver cell lines. ah receptor can be detected in mz-hep-1, a hepa ... | 1991 | 1650214 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus among saudi arabian children: a community-based study. | in a population-based survey, 39 (0.90%) of 4,496 saudi arabian children (ages 1 to 10) were positive for antibody to hepatitis c virus. no significant difference was seen between the prevalence rate in males (0.9%) and females (0.8%) or between urban (0.7%) and rural dwellers (1.0%). a significant variation of rates (0% to 5.7%) was seen from one region to another. the gizan population, noted for hyperendemic hepatitis b virus infection, had the highest prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c vir ... | 1991 | 1650324 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies in hospital personnel. | we have used a recently developed enzyme immunoassay to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies (anti-hcv) in patient groups and hospital personnel. the prevalence of anti-hcv in haemophiliacs, intravenous drug users, male homosexuals, and haemodialysis patients was 86, 63, 28, and 9 percent, respectively. eight of 738 (1.1 percent) sera from health care workers were positive for anti-hcv. only two of the 8 employees which were seropositive for anti-hcv also demonstrated serologi ... | 1991 | 1650558 |
| viruses and cancer. | the fact that viruses can cause cancer in animals has been appreciated since the turn of the century. the widely held belief that viruses had little to do with cancer in humans has only recently been dispelled. two classes of human retrovirus (htlv and hiv) have been discovered in the last decade and the malignant potential of hepatitis b virus, epstein barr virus and the human papilloma virus have been documented not only by confirming their association with disease by large scale epidemologica ... | 1991 | 1650623 |
| [hepatitis b virus and hepatocellular carcinoma]. | hepatocellular carcinomas in woodchuck were characterized for woodchuck hepatitis virus integration near c-myc oncogene. in one tumor, viral integration resulted in overexpression of a c-myc viral cotranscript. in a second tumor, viral insertion, 600 bp upstream of c-myc exon 1, was associated with increased levels of normal c-myc mrna. these results demonstrate that integration of woodchuck hepatitis virus near a proto-oncogene can contribute to the genesis of liver tumors. from a comparison of ... | 1991 | 1650625 |
| hepatitis b virus infection and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. | | 1991 | 1650626 |
| the detection of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in hbsag negative individuals with primary liver cancer. | the importance of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in the development of primary liver cancer has been established by epidemiological studies. however, the evidence for a direct role of the virus in liver carcinogenesis is still tentative. in addition, the findings of hbv dna sequences in hbsag-negative subjects with liver cancer has been reported, although it is controversial. here we report the use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect hbv dna in the serum and liver of hbsag-nega ... | 1991 | 1650688 |
| role of hepatitis delta virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna integrates into the host dna and shows a series of potentially oncogenetic properties, but hbv is not an acutely transforming virus, because hcc develops decades after infection. other factors, namely cirrhosis, inflammation, alcohol intake, and viral superinfections, could promote the oncogenetic process induced by hbv-dna integration. we studied the impact of hdv infection in the pathogenesis of hcc in 62 consecutive patients. their mean age was 59 years (range 25-7 ... | 1991 | 1650690 |
| hbv-dna-related hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in childhood. report of three cases. | in a series of 325 hbv chronically infected children observed over an 18-year period, three developed hcc. these three children were born in southern italy, a region characterized by a high endemic hbv infection rate; each had been infected perinatally, developed an acute hepatitis, and became a chronic carrier. two of the three with cirrhosis were hbsag positive at the time their hcc was detected. the remaining case had seroconverted to hbsab but hbv-dna integration could be demonstrated in the ... | 1991 | 1650692 |
| from the centers for disease control. recommendations for preventing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus to patients during exposure-prone invasive procedures. | | 1991 | 1650847 |
| update on human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). transmission of human immunodeficiency virus to patients. | | 1991 | 1651117 |
| complex regulation of transcription from the hepatitis b virus major surface antigen promoter in human hepatoma cell lines. | a detailed mutational analysis of the regulatory dna sequence elements that control expression of the hepatitis b virus major surface antigen gene was performed in the human hepatoma cell lines hepg2.1 and huh7, using transient transfection assays. seven regions (a to g) of the major surface antigen promoter located within 200 nucleotides of the rna initiation site have been identified which influence the level of transcription from this promoter. the three distal regions (a to c), located betwe ... | 1991 | 1651407 |
| a single-step dna extraction procedure for the detection of serum hepatitis b virus sequences by the polymerase chain reaction. | a rapid single-step procedure for the isolation of low molecular weight dna using guanidinium thiocyanate and phenol as protein denaturants is described and applied for the detection of specific hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna sequences from serum samples by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the novel technique is efficient and, when compared to the standard proteinase k/phenol/chloroform method has the advantage of being faster and easily adaptable to the routine processing of a high number of c ... | 1991 | 1651951 |
| preferential expression of the large hepatitis b virus surface antigen gene by an adenovirus-hepatitis b virus recombinant. | using an adenovirus-hepatitis b virus (hbv) recombinant, expression of the hbv surface antigen (hbsag) genes was examined in various cell lines using s1 nuclease mapping and radioimmunoassay. the steady-state level of the 2.4 kb rna encoding the large hbsag was much greater than, or the same as, that of the 2.0 kb rna, encoding the middle and major hbsags, in primate cells, but was negligible in non-primate cells, as is the case in most expression systems. according to the amount of 2.4 kb rna e ... | 1991 | 1651985 |
| [duck hepatitis b virus dna in multiple primary cancers and metastatic tumors in duck liver]. | duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) dna was detected in both multiple primary cancers and intrahepatic metastatic tumors in duck liver by southern blot technique. among 7 ducks with multiple primary tumors in the liver, the banding pattern of integrated dhbv dna in different tumors was identical in 3 animals but different in 2. one duck showed a similar hybridization pattern in different tumor nodules and the remaining one was negative for dhbv dna. integrated dhbv dna was also identified in one duck ... | 1991 | 1652415 |
| a bacteriophage m13 based sandwich hybridization assay for the detection of hepatitis b virus in human blood. | a two step hybridization procedure was developed to detect the presence of hepatitis b virus in blood samples using bacteriophage m13 radiolabelled dna as probe. during the first step of hybridization, single-stranded bacteriophage m13 tg 130 dna, with 3.2 kb hbv dna cloned into it, was hybridized to target hbv dna immobilized on nitrocellulose membrane filter. in the second step of hybridization, m13 dna annealed to hbv target is detected with the help of double stranded form of m13 dna. the as ... | 1991 | 1652551 |
| immunological evaluation of the multiple antigen peptide (map) system using the major immunogenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the multiple antigenic peptide (map) system for presenting epitopes to the immune system has been studied with an immunogenic foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) peptide comprising amino acids 141-160 of protein vp1. neutralizing antibody responses known to protect guinea-pigs against challenge infection were obtained with a single inoculation of 0.8-4 micrograms of peptide, presented as an octamer or a tetramer, whereas 20 micrograms of a dimer were required to evoke a similar level of antibody ... | 1991 | 1652552 |
| [the detection of hepatitis b virus dna in the blood serum of children with chronic hbsag-positive hepatitis]. | the presence of hbv dna in the blood serum of 50 children with hbsag-positive chronic hepatitis (36 with chronic hepatitis b, 14 with chronic hepatitis delta) was determined by molecular hybridization method. no significant differences were observed between the frequency of hbv dna detection and clinicomorphological type of chronic hbsag-positive hepatitis. in chronic hbv infection, hbv dna was shown to be detected more frequently than in chronic hepatitis delta. a correlation was confirmed betw ... | 1991 | 1652867 |
| resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: oligocentric origin of recurrent and multinodular tumours. | the structure of integrated hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna was analysed to determine the origin of recurrent and multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). in 5 cases, recurrent tumours were compared with the respective primary tumours, all of which had chromosomally integrated viral dna. in only one of these cases, an identical hbv dna integration pattern was found, indicating a monocentric origin of primary and secondary tumour. in all other cases a polycentric origin was deduced. particular fe ... | 1991 | 1653057 |
| comparative molecular biology of the hepatitis viruses. | | 1991 | 1653457 |
| multiple simian virus 40 enhancer elements mediate the trans-activating function of the x protein of hepatitis b virus. | transient transfections of tissue culture cells with plasmids encoding the x protein of hepatitis b virus result in a transcriptional trans-activation of certain target genes. our experiments reveal that several individual simian virus 40 enhancer elements and a control element present in the mouse major histocompatibility class i gene h-2kb are able to mediate the trans-activating function of the x protein. the data suggest that known cellular transcription factors that bind specifically to the ... | 1991 | 1653503 |
| [pathogenesis of human cancer]. | the multistep aspects of carcinogenesis including initiation and promotion problems in both human and experimental hepatocarcinogenesis are discussed, especially in terms of oncogene and antioncogene changes. it is shown that the h-ras activation may be an event occurring in relatively late phase of carcinogenesis in the mouse systems, and that hepatitis b integration frequently causes host chromosomal rearrangement possibly leading to inactivation of cancer suppressor genes. in addition, signif ... | 1991 | 1653595 |
| [clonal origin of intrahepatic recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma]. | using integrated hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in the cancer cells as a genetic marker, clonal origin of intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma was studied by southern blot technique. comparing 5 cases of postoperative recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with their primary tumors, it was found that 1 case had identical hbv dna integration patterns, 3 cases were of different clonality and 1 case with multiple nodular recurrences contained either a unicentric origin or a new distinctive ... | 1991 | 1653685 |
| [hbv status and expression of ets-2, igf-ii, c-myc and n-ras in human hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent nontumorous tissues--a comparative study]. | a comparative study on hbv status and ets-2, igf-ii, c-myc and n-ras expression in 12 pairs of human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (phc) and adjacent non-tumorous tissues (nt) showed that integrated forms of hbv dna were present in 91.5% phc and 75% nt. no specific integration sites were detected. three phc and 4 nt were found to have free forms of hbv dna, which were defective in 2 phc and 3 nt, i. e., being able to replicate but not to be secreted into the blood. at least one of four oncoge ... | 1991 | 1653692 |
| prevalence of antibodies to human herpesviruses and hepatitis b virus in patients at different stages of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | the results of antibody assays for viruses of the herpes group (hsv, ebv, vzv and cmv) and for hepatitis b virus (hbv) were retrospectively evaluated in 439 hiv-seropositive patients classified into different stages of hiv infection. the prevalence of specific igg, igm and iga antibodies in these groups was compared with that of a control group of hiv-negative unselected hospital patients. antibodies to herpes viruses and hbv were more prevalent amongst hiv-seropositives, especially las and aids ... | 1991 | 1653770 |
| in vivo expression of il-1 beta and il-6 genes during viral infections in human. | macrophage infiltration is a constant feature of human virus-infected tissues. however, the in situ functional status of these cells remains undetermined. in order to document an activation of macrophages in virus-infected tissues, the expression of il-1 beta and il-6 genes was analyzed using in situ hybridization. several tissues were studied, as well as infections induced by different viruses: lymph nodes infected by hiv-1 (9 cases) or ebv (one case), lungs infected by cmv (5 cases) or adenovi ... | 1991 | 1654144 |
| hepatitis b x antigen in hepatitis b virus carrier patients with liver cancer. | formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from 110 cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma were stained for hepatitis b x antigen (hbxag), hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), and hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag). eighty-four % of these patients were hbxag positive in their tumor cells. among the 110 cases studied, 80 had adjacent nontumorous tissue in the same block, and 65 of these nontumorous liver tissues stained positive for hbxag (81%). hbsag was positive in 19% of cases within tumor t ... | 1991 | 1654208 |
| leukotriene and prostaglandin production after infusion of tumour necrosis factor in man. | tumor necrosis factor-alpha is believed to be an important mediator of endotoxaemia and septic shock, the effects of which are thought to be mediated through the generation of cysteinyl-leukotrienes, thromboxane a2 and other prostanoids. we have investigated the production of these eicosanoids and also that of prostacyclin in vivo after infusion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha into 4 subjects with a chronic hepatitis b virus infection. this resulted in plasma tnf levels considerably greater than ... | 1991 | 1654958 |
| primary liver cancer in non-cirrhotic liver. epidemiological study based on autopsies performed in trieste, italy and kurume, japan. | this study, aimed at elucidating the epidemiological features of primary liver carcinoma developing in non-cirrhotic livers, was based on 25,103 autopsies performed between 1975 and 1984 in trieste, italy. these autopsies correspond to approximately 70% of all deaths that occurred in this area. various factors allegedly related to carcinomas were analysed in reference to our previous study on cirrhotic livers and in comparison with 5,603 autopsies in kurume, japan. there were 28 cases of hepatoc ... | 1991 | 1655097 |
| a worldwide perspective on the epidemiology and primary prevention of liver cancer. | liver cancer is one of the ten most common cancers in the world with a pronounced geographic variation. the incidence of hepatocellular cancer is low in the western countries compared to the high prevalence in south africa, asia, and the pacific islands. risk factors, early signs and symptoms, and the strategies for early detection are discussed. primary prevention involves conducting mass immunization for hepatitis b virus in endemic countries along with education programs to improve food hygie ... | 1991 | 1655242 |
| [advances in the molecular pathological research on primary hepatocellular carcinoma]. | | 1991 | 1655294 |
| [the hbx protein expression in liver cancer]. | the expression of hbx protein in liver tissues from 48 cases of different liver diseases, including 32 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), 10 of chronic hepatitis (ch), 2 of angioma and 4 cases of normal liver was studied. these samples were tested for hbx protein, hbsag by modified abc method. positive rates of hbx in cancer and adjacent liver tissue were 75.0% and 62.5%, and positive rates of hbsag were 37.5% and 78.1% respectively. the occurrence of hbx in the absence of hbsag was more f ... | 1991 | 1655295 |
| [high incidence of sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis in morocco: epidemiologic study]. | non-a, non-b hepatitis and their sequelae seem to be as frequent as hbv infections in morocco. these diseases represent an important problem of public health because their high incidence and high fatal rate. some aspects of the epidemiology of non-a, non b acute hepatitis were evoking a high incidence of enterically transmitted hepatitis e. that was confirmed by serum studies having shown that hepatitis e antibodies were detected in more than 60% of patients with acute non-a, non-b hepatitis. ho ... | 1991 | 1655298 |
| clustering of hepatocellular carcinoma in alaska native families. | alaska natives have a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), with regional, ethnic, village, and familial clustering. during 1969-1988, 15 of the 45 incident cases of hcc in alaska natives occurred in 5 families. this report presents epidemiologic, virologic, and immunogenetic data on these 5 families. the results of hepatitis b virus (hbv) serologic testing indicates that hbv infection was an important factor in 4 of the 5 families. human lymphocyte antigen (hla) testing was performe ... | 1991 | 1655562 |
| antibodies to hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus in alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis: their prevalence and clinical relevance. the va cooperative study group (no. 119) | patients with overt alcoholic liver disease who had participated in a multicenter therapeutic trial and subgroups of controls (i.e., alcoholic patients without liver disease and patients with neither alcoholism nor liver disease) were tested for hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus antibodies to determine the prevalence of these antibodies to determine the prevalence of these antibodies and any clinical association in the progression and outcome of alcoholic liver disease. antibodies to hepat ... | 1991 | 1655605 |
| hepatitis b and c virus and alcohol-induced liver injury. | | 1991 | 1655608 |
| epidemiologic assessment of interactions of hepatitis-c virus with seromarkers of hepatitis-b and -d viruses, cirrhosis and tobacco smoking in hepatocellular carcinoma. | a recently introduced enzyme immunoassay procedure for antibodies against the hepatitis-c virus (hcv) was used to test samples from 185 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and 432 hospital controls. the anti-hcv results were examined in conjunction with previously reported data from this study concerning hepatitis-b virus (hbv) serology, hepatitis-d virus (hdv) antibodies, presence of cirrhosis and tobacco smoking. there was evidence for interaction between hbv and hcv in the causation of ... | 1991 | 1655659 |
| promoter-specific transactivation of hepatitis b virus transcription by a glutamine- and proline-rich domain of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1. | the cloned transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (hnf1) transactivates transcription from the hepatitis b virus (hbv) large surface antigen promoter but does not influence the transcriptional activities of the other three hbv promoters. this indicates that this transcription factor can differentially influence the activities of the hbv promoter. by using a transient-transfection system, the major domain of the hnf1 polypeptide involved in transcriptional activation of the large surfac ... | 1991 | 1656070 |
| inhibition of the replication of hepatitis b virus in vitro by 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine and related analogues. | several 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiapyrimidine nucleosides were studied for their ability to inhibit hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna replication in a hbv-transfected cell line (2.2.15). 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (sddc) and 5-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine(5-fsddc) were found to be the most potent anti-hbv compounds of those examined. both compounds resulted in nearly complete cessation of viral dna replication at 0.5 microm, as monitored by the absence of both intracellular episomal and secreted ... | 1991 | 1656445 |
| evidence for increased in vitro recombination with insertion of human hepatitis b virus dna. | chromosomal translocation, deletion, and inversion/duplication directly linked to hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna integration occur frequently in host dna of human hepatocellular carcinomas. to test the possible recombinogenic effect of hbv dna, we have utilized an in vitro recombination assay. fragments containing the region spanning dr1, which is believed to be the origin of viral replication and a preferred site in the viral genome for integration, increased the recombination events reproducibly ... | 1991 | 1656466 |
| production of 22 nm hbsag particles by human lymphocytes infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the coding sequence for hepatitis b virus surface antigen. | to examine the possible role of lymphocytes in the course of hepatitis b virus infection, we studied peripheral blood lymphocytes and epstein-barr virus transformed b-cells for their capability to produce hepatitis b virus gene products. infection of these cells with a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the hepatitis b virus surface antigen resulted in the production and secretion of hepatitis b virus surface antigen shortly after infection reaching a peak after three days. when the supernata ... | 1991 | 1656954 |
| the application of ampliprobe in diagnostics. | ampliprobe system is a rapid, enzyme-labeled, non-isotopic probe system that has high sensitivity and flexibility. ampliprobe system consists of two major components: target-specific "primary" probes and target-independent, enzyme-labeled, signal-generating "secondary" probes. the visualization of the complemental hybridization between the target dna or rna and probes is accomplished by an enzymatic chemiluminescent reaction. the ampliprobe system format allows hybridization and signal visualiza ... | 1991 | 1657053 |
| [prevalence of antibodies against the hepatitis c virus among the staff of a general hospital]. | the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv) in 413 hospital staff (57% total staff) was 1.7%. there were no significant differences in the sanitary workers (physicians, nurses and assistants of clinic and laboratory) versus cleaners, office and other non-sanitary workers of hospital staff. the seropositivity to hcv was not related to sex, age, years in occupation and the prevalence of hepatitis b virus serological markers. this relatively low prevalence let suppose than the hosp ... | 1991 | 1657082 |
| characterization of highly purified factor viii products. | | 1991 | 1657208 |
| the role of infection by opisthorchis viverrini, hepatitis b virus, and aflatoxin exposure in the etiology of liver cancer in thailand. a correlation study. | the incidence of the two principle types of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma) in five different areas of thailand was compared with the prevalence of exposure to the main risk factors in samples of the population. cholangiocarcinoma showed striking variations in incidence, which correlated closely with markers of exposure to the liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini. however, there was little geographic variation in incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma or in prevalenc ... | 1991 | 1657355 |
| chromosome abnormalities in peripheral blood cells of hepatitis b virus chronic carriers. | cytogenetic analysis of metaphase chromosome spreads from peripheral blood cells of hepatitis b virus (hbv) chronic carriers and hbv-negative individuals of the same ethnic origin revealed a significantly higher incidence of chromosome breaks and other mitotic aberrations in the hbv chronic carriers. the highest incidence of chromosome breaks was found in chronic carriers who evidenced circulating hbv. such an association between hbv and these genetic lesions assumes importance in light of the k ... | 1991 | 1657381 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in different populations in taiwan. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was investigated among different populations in taiwan, where anti-hcv was detected in 0.8% (24/2,994) of adult volunteer blood donors, 0.1% (1/1,305) of youngsters and children, 12.5% (8/64) of adult volunteer blood donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase (alt), 36.5% (23/63) of hemodialysis patients, 4.1% (13/318) of male homosexuals, 25.4% (16/63) of cases positive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-hiv), 82. ... | 1991 | 1657545 |
| seroprevalence of anti-hcv among voluntary blood donors in taiwan. | the epidemiologic characteristics of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection among chinese voluntary blood donors in 18 cities and counties all over the taiwan island were studied. serum specimens of 1,135 randomly selected voluntary blood donors were tested for antibodies to hcv by ortho enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. a total of 18 donors were found to be positive for anti-hcv with a prevalence of 1.6%. females had a higher prevalence (11/491 = 2.2%) than male (7/644 = 1.1%). the prevalence of an ... | 1991 | 1657546 |
| overestimation of the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus in retrospective studies on stored sera. | serum samples (1,428) from 1,149 patients with chronic liver diseases and polytransfused subjects were tested for antibody to hepatitis c virus by first-generation enzyme immunoassays. antibody to hepatitis c virus was detected in 87% of patients with transfusion-related chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis; 17.6% of patients with nonmalignant, chronic hepatitis b virus infection; 37.3% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; 14.3% of patients with alcoholic liver diseases; 22.2% of patients with c ... | 1991 | 1657751 |
| failure to detect hepatitis c virus genome in human secretions with the polymerase chain reaction. | although hepatitis c infection has been clearly demonstrated to be transmitted through blood products or blood contamination, most cases of sporadic hepatitis c infection are unassociated with parenteral risk factors, and it is unclear how infection might be acquired by nonparenteral means. one potential mode of nonparenteral transmission is through body secretions. we used a highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction assay to determine whether hepatitis c viral genomic rna could be ... | 1991 | 1657752 |
| hepatitis c virus infection is an additive risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether hepatitis c virus plays any role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients. the role of age, sex, alcohol abuse, and infection by other hepatitic viruses, such as hepatitis b and delta viruses, was also assessed. we found that mean age and male/female ratio were significantly higher in patients with hcc plus liver cirrhosis than in those with liver cirrhosis alone. also, the prevalence of hcv infection was found to b ... | 1991 | 1658121 |
| random association between the peptide repertoire of a2.1 class i and several different dr class ii molecules. | the interaction between synthetic peptides and a2.1 class i mhc molecules has been investigated using an inhibition of ag presentation assay and unbiased peptide sets derived of either viral or eucaryotic origin. for the various sets, strong binding (defined as significant inhibition at the 30 micrograms/ml level) was detected in 7 to 46% of the peptides tested, with an overall frequency of 26%. a set of self-peptides derived from human beta 2 microglobulin was also included in the study. in thi ... | 1991 | 1658152 |
| small-form hepatitis b surface antigen is sufficient to help in the assembly of hepatitis delta virus-like particles. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) has an envelope composed of large-, middle-, and small-form hepatitis b surface antigens (hbsags) provided by the helper hepatitis b virus (hbv). in order to examine the roles of individual hbsags in hdv assembly, we constructed plasmids containing each specific hbsag gene and then cotransfected each plasmid with hdv cdna into a permissive human hepatoma cell line (huh-7) to examine the effects on hdv production. results indicated that the plasmids containing only the ... | 1991 | 1658366 |
| characterization of the hepatitis b virus enhi enhancer and x promoter complex. | the hepatitis b virus enhi enhancer element overlaps the promoter of the x gene. by performing methylation interference experiments, four protein factor binding sites clustered in a 120-bp region were found to control the enhi enhancer and x promoter activities. deletion mapping experiments indicated that the two upstream protein factor binding sites constituted a basal enhancer module. this module, likely bound by a liver-specific factor and a ubiquitous factor, could activate the herpes simple ... | 1991 | 1658368 |
| antibodies to cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus and epstein-barr virus in greek blood donors. | an epidemiological study for detection of igg and igm antibodies against cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus and herpes simplex virus was evaluated in a random population of apparently healthy greek blood donors from which only hiv and hbv carriers were excluded. the prevalence of igm antibodies was found to be relatively low at 4.4%, 6.1% and 7.7% respectively. the presence of these antibodies plays an important role when transfusing immunocompromised and transplanted subjects. | 1991 | 1658527 |
| recommendations for preventing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus to patients during exposure-prone invasive procedures. | this document has been developed by the centers for disease control (cdc) to update recommendations for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) in the health-care setting. current data suggest that the risk for such transmission from a health-care worker (hcw) to a patient during an invasive procedure is small; a precise assessment of the risk is not yet available. this document contains recommendations to provide guidance for prevention of hi ... | 1991 | 1659315 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in hemodialysis patients. | due to frequent parenteral contact with blood transfusions hemodialysis patients are prone to acquire hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. to determine the role of hcv infection we investigated the prevalence of antibodies to hcv in 188 hemodialysis patients. the prevalence of antibodies to hcv was 7.4%. as compared to anti-hcv-negative patients, anti-hcv-positive patients had slightly elevated transaminases which were independent of the presence of markers for hepatitis b virus infection. we conc ... | 1991 | 1659672 |
| superinfection with hepatitis c virus in patients with symptomatic chronic hepatitis b. | 11/323 patients (3.4%) with symptomatic chronic hepatitis b were positive for antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv). the positive rate of anti-hcv in patients with serum alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels greater than 200 u/l (n = 219) did not exceed that of the patients with alt less than or equal to 200 u/l (n = 104) (2.7% vs. 4.8%). of the 219 patients who were positive for hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag) and/or hepatitis b virus-dna (hbv-dna), 5 (2.3%) had anti-hcv, while 6/104 patients ... | 1991 | 1659736 |
| viruses in human cancers. | viruses may contribute to the development of human tumors by different mechanisms: indirectly by inducing immunosuppression or by modifying the host cell genome without persistence of viral dna; directly by inducing oncoproteins or by altering the expression of host cell proteins at the site of viral dna integration. human cancers associated with papillomavirus, hepatitis b virus, epstein-barr virus, and human t cell leukemia-lymphoma virus infections are responsible for approximately 15 percent ... | 1991 | 1659743 |
| hla class i-restricted human cytotoxic t cells recognize endogenously synthesized hepatitis b virus nucleocapsid antigen. | knowledge of the immune effector mechanisms responsible for clearance of hepatitis b virus (hbv)-infected cells has been severely limited by the absence of reproducible systems to selectively expand and to characterize hbv-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) in the peripheral blood of patients with viral hepatitis. by using a strategy involving sequential stimulation with hbv nucleocapsid synthetic peptides followed by autologous, or hla class i-matched, hbv nucleocapsid transfectants, we no ... | 1991 | 1660137 |
| a functional hepatitis b virus x protein produced in insect cells. | we have constructed a recombinant baculovirus from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, called acx, that expresses the gene encoding the hepatitis b virus x protein in infected spodoptera frugiperda (sf21ae) insect cells. a 16.5-kda monomer and a 33-kda dimer of the x protein were detected in extracts from acx-infected cells on immunoblots using a polyclonal anti-x antibody. the biological activity of the insect cell-produced x protein was assayed by fusing acx-infected sf21ae cell ... | 1991 | 1660211 |
| [epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma]. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is the most frequent cancer of the liver and, worldwide, is the seventh most common tumor in males and the ninth in females; the annual incidence is estimated to be 1,000,000 cases newly diagnosed, with a male to female ratio of 4:1. the incidence of hcc is italy is 6.9 cases for males and 2.7 for females as for the regions with intermediate risk for this tumor. during the last ten years many epidemiological studies, case-control and cohort, have associated hcc to ... | 1991 | 1660311 |
| antibodies to hepatitis c virus and chronic hypertransaminasemia in southern italy. | in an ecographic survey for gallstones, executed on a systematic sample from the municipal electoral roll of a town in southern italy, 164 subjects were found with alt more than twice the upper normal limit (unl). five years later 138 of these were re-examined; 76 still had alt greater than 2 unl (group a), 41 still abnormal (group b) and 21 normal (group c). anti-hcv antibodies were found in 52 subjects of group a (68%). 18 of group b (44%) and 2 of group c (9.5%). the odds ratio of alt greater ... | 1991 | 1660328 |
| prevalence and significance of hcv infection in a consecutive series of patients with hbv antibodies and raised aminotransferases. | fifty-one patients with signs of past hbv infection were investigated for the hcv virus antibody. all patients were at least hbsab, hbcab positive. two groups were selected: patients with increased serum ast activity (32/51) and patients with normal serum ast activity (19/51). prevalence of hcv infection was higher (81.2%) in the group with high serum aminotransferases as compared to that found in the second group (31.6%) (p less than 0.002). furthermore, histological findings showed higher prev ... | 1991 | 1660329 |
| hepatitis viruses as aetiological agents of hepatocellular carcinoma. | hepatitis viruses, particularly hbv and hcv, are major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide, due to the induction of chronic liver disease and of cirrhotic transformation of the liver. cirrhosis certainly represents the most important link between chronic viral hepatitis and hcc. under these circumstances, risk of hcc development in chronic hbv and hcv infection is strictly dependent on the propensity to cirrhotic transformation. intervention of other, more direct, molecular events induc ... | 1991 | 1660332 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma: risk factors other than hbv. | the putative risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) are several, even in countries endemic for hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. cirrhosis characterizes more than 90% of hcc cases. the phases of inflammation, necrosis and regeneration, present for long periods in cirrhosis, might be most relevant in hepatocarcinogenesis. it is not clear what role is played by sex hormones while alcohol probably has a promoter role. aflatoxins are known carcinogenins in the experimental animal: however ... | 1991 | 1660333 |