| vasculitis with hepatitis b antigenemia: long-term observation in nine patients. | the development of generalized necrotizing vasculitis in association with hepatitis b antigenemia is the first example in man of a chronic rheumatic disease presumably caused by a viral infection. this report reviews the experience in nine biopsy-proven cases of hepatitis b-associated necrotizing vasculitis followed for up to six years. the natural history of the disease is emphasized and the manifestations of patients with vasculitis who carry hepatitis b antigen are compared with those of vasc ... | 1976 | 1628 |
| experimental studies on the transmission of hepatitis b by mosquitoes. | culex tarsalis and aedes aegypti mosquitoes were fed on chimpanzees carrying hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag) of known infectivity and pools were tested by radioimmunoassay daily for the presence of hbs ag. hbs ag continued to be detected at low levels in mosquito tissue after digestion of the blood meal. inoculation of susceptible chimpanzees with macerated pools of a. aegypti mosquitoes at two intervals after digestion of the blood meal did not produce hepatitis or serologic evidence of he ... | 1976 | 9000 |
| polyarteritis nodosa with hb antigens. | | 1976 | 10558 |
| hepatitis b virus and associated pathology. | | 1976 | 10617 |
| immunochemical and morphological studies of hepatitis b core antigen isolated from the nuclei of hepatocytes. | immunochemical and morphological properties of hepatitis b core antigen (hbc ag) were studied in intranuclear particles isolated from human liver. immunochemical integrity of the purified particles was indicated in the production by guinea pigs of antibody to hbc ag (anti-hbc) that was immunochemically identical to human anti-hbc. the hbc ag particles were 27-30 nm in diameter, displayed apparent icosahedral symmetry, and consisted of distinct subunits. the susceptibility of hbc ag particles to ... | 1977 | 15037 |
| immune complexes of hepatitis b surface antigen in the pathogenesis of periarteritis nodosa. a study of seven necropsy cases. | in 7 unselected necropsy cases of clinically diagnosed periarteritis nodosa, the detection of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag) in the cytoplasm and nuclei of hepatocytes indicated an ongoing infection with hepititis b virus (hbv). in all these cases histologic changes found in the liver varied from "minimal" to chronic aggressive hepatitis. in all the cases, deposits of hbsag, immunoglobulins, beta1c-globulin and c1q were detected in vascular lesions. that ... | 1978 | 24342 |
| arthritis and hepatitis. | the evidence relating four clinically distinct rheumatologic syndromes to infection by the hepatitis b virus is reviewed. acute hepatitis b is not infrequently heralded by a prodromal rash and rheumatoidlike polyarthritis. chronic active hepatitis b more rarely is associated with transient arthritis or arthralgias. polyarteritis nodosa may be a manifestation of hepatitis b infection in as many as 40 percent of cases, and recently the syndrome of "essential" mixed cryoglobulinemia has also been l ... | 1979 | 33489 |
| influence of different disinfection conditions on the structure of the hepatitis b virus (dane particle) as evaluated in the morphological alteration and disintegration test (madt). | | 1978 | 34296 |
| extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis b virus infection. | | 1979 | 37191 |
| summary of an international workshop on hepatitis b vaccines. | | 1979 | 41877 |
| the localization of hepatitis viruses in tissues. | | 1979 | 43841 |
| hepatitis b virus-induced immune complex disease. | | 1979 | 44376 |
| [studies on the serological manifestation of the hepatitis b-virus-infections in the republic of liberia (author's transl)]. | the prevalence of hepatitis b virus infections was examined in four groups from liberia using radioimmunoassays for hbsag, anti-hbs and anti-hbc. at the age of 15-19 years 90% have been infected, at the age of 40 years 100%. in a rubber plantation 30% had hbsag, in the remaining 3 groups only 13% were hbsag-positive. in the first group onchocerciasis was also a more frequent finding. however the parasitic infection was not the cause of the hbs-antigenemia. the hbsag-concentration is mostly lower ... | 1979 | 44626 |
| incidence and nature of cytoplasmic hepatitis b antigen in hepatocytes. | hepatitis b antigen (hb ag) in the hepatocytic cytoplasm is detected by immunofluorescence after reaction with fluoresceinated antiserum to hb ag or by electron microscopy as numerous 20- to 30-nm. tubular and circular structures in dilated cisternae of excess endoplasmic reticulum. on light microscopy, these hepatocytes can be recognized because their cytoplasm has a ground-glass appearance and stains with gomori's aldehyde fuchsin. aldehyde fuchsin-positive ground-glass hepatocytes were detect ... | 1975 | 46330 |
| hb antigen: incidence of 'ad' and 'ay' subdeterminants among blood donors. | | 1975 | 47665 |
| the incidence of hepatitis-b-antigen and anti-hepatitis-b among blood donors in ndola, zambia. | hepatitis-b antigen (hbsag) was detected in the sera of 29 or 250 (11.6%) blood donors in ndola, zambia, most of whom were prisoners or students. the incidence among prisoners was 15.1%, among students only 1.6%. thirteen sera were subtyped, nine carried the y and four the d antigenic determinant. although there was a marked difference in the incidence of hbs antigen between prisoners and students, when donors were tested for antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs) this positive. overall, anti-hbs was dete ... | 1975 | 49111 |
| hepatitis b antigen, alpha1 fetoprotein and liver disease in the eastern highlands of papua new guinea. | the sera from 89 patients from the eastern higlands of papua new guinea, all with histologically diagnosed liver disease, were tested for hepatitis b antigen (hb ag) and hepatitis b antibody (hb ab) and alpha1 fetoprotein (afp) by a variety of techniques which included radioimmunoassay. in the three main forms of liver disease, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatoma, hb ag was found with a higher frequency than in patients with non specific liver disease. the frequency of hb ab was decreased in ... | 1975 | 49112 |
| the clinical significance of hepatitis b virus antigens and antibodies. | there are two well-characterized antigen-antibody systems which relate specificially to viral hepatitis b. tests for hbsag and anti-hbs are readily available and of great benefit to the diagnosis, prevention and understanding of hepatitis b. tests for hbcag and anti-hbc are still research techniques which requires further development before they can be used at the level of everyday medical practice. hbsag in an individual indicates that he harbors the virus of hepatitis b; it may be present in t ... | 1975 | 49464 |
| letter: hepatitis-b-virus infection and active chronic hepatitis. | | 1975 | 49595 |
| letter: evidence of exposure to hepatitis-b surface antigen in a burns unit. | | 1975 | 49640 |
| antibody to hepatitis-b core antigen in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma. | antibody to hepatitis-b core antigen (anti-hbc) was assayed in the serum of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (p.h.c.) and controls from hong kong, west africa, and the united states. in each region the prevalence of anti-hbc was higher in p.h.c. patients than in controls, ranging from 70 to 95% in the patients and from 20 to 68% in the controls from asia and africa; 24% of p.h.c. patients and 4% of controls from the u.s. had anti-hbc. these data support the hypothesis that chronic infec ... | 1975 | 49648 |
| editorial: non-a, non-b? | | 1975 | 49656 |
| hepatitis-b virus and indian childhood cirrhosis. | the surface and core componenets of hepatitis-b virus have not been detected in livers of patients suffering from indian childhood cirrhosis using procedures such as immunoperoxidase, immunofluorescence, and orcein staining as well as electronmicroscopy. this finding, together with the other features of the disease, suggests that infection by this virus plays no significant role in the aetiology of indian childhood cirrhosis. | 1975 | 49699 |
| [prevention of the post-transfusion hepatitis]. | for prophylaxis of posttransfusion hepatitis three procedures can be considered: 1. recognition of "infectious" blood donors, 2. elimination of the infectious agent from the blood units (or blood derivatives), 3. protection of the recipient by immunophrophylaxis. among all available methods screening of blood donors for hepatitis b antigen (hb-sag) by a sensitive test (e.g. radioimmunoassay or reversed passive hemagglutination) is presently the most efficient. despite this precaution it can be e ... | 1975 | 49924 |
| hepatitis-b immunoglobulin in prevention of hbs antigenaemia in haemodialysis patients. | in a double-blind study, hepatitis-b immunoglobulin significantly protected patients in a haemodialysis unit against the development of hbs antigenaemia, compared to control patients receiving normal human immunoglobulin (p less than 0-01). injections were given at the beginning and after 6 months, and observations extended over 16 months. analysis of antihbc and anti-hbs antibodies suggested that neutralisation of the virus inoculum, as well as modification of infection, may be implicated in th ... | 1975 | 51188 |
| integrator enzyme hypothesis for replication of hepatitis-b virus. | a hypothetical model for the replication of hepatitis-b virus is presented. it is suggested that the d.n.a. polymerase associated with dane particles facilitates integration of viral d.n.a. into the genome of the liver cell. the viral d.n.a. is then replicated with the host genome. the hypothesis accounts for certain curious experimental and clinical observations and makes several predictions which are amenable to laboratory investigation. | 1975 | 51241 |
| serology and epidemiology. | | 1975 | 51538 |
| promising developments in viral hepatitis. | | 1975 | 51539 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis associated with intravenous injection of factor-viii concentrate. | an outbreak of jaundice associated with three out of four batches of a commercial brand of freeze-dried factor-viii concentrate occurred at the bournemouth haemophilia centre between april and june, 1974. seven cases of non-b hepatitis and four of hepatitis b occurred within 6 months of the first use of this product. two patients contracted both types of hepatitis; thus nine patients became ill out of a total of twenty regularly seen at the centre, eighteen of whom received commercial factor-vii ... | 1975 | 51975 |
| letter: unresolved hepatitis in a patient with hepatitis a and b. | | 1975 | 52074 |
| letter: seroepidemiology of hepatitis-b infections. | | 1975 | 52075 |
| letter: e antigen in hbs ag-carrier mothers. | | 1975 | 52116 |
| [viral hepatitis b (serum hepatitis). ii. laboratory study]. | | 1975 | 52124 |
| some epidemiological and clinical aspects of hepatitis b antigen and its subtypes. | the close association between hepatitis b antigen (hbag) and the infectious agent of hepatitis b is clear. many investigations have shown hbag to be a useful tool for epidemiological studies of hepatitis b. the relation between hbag and the postulated hepatitis b virus (hbv) is as yet not clear. in light of recent results a possible candidate could be the so-called dane particle, which has hbag reactivity on the surface, but possesses an antigenically distinct core. the core has been shown to ha ... | 1975 | 52189 |
| acute and chronic hepatitis in adolescents. | | 1975 | 52765 |
| evidence against breast-feeding as a mechanism for vertical transmission of hepatitis b. | a follow-up study of 147 babies born to mothers known to be carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) revealed no evidence for a relationship between breast-feeding and the subsequent development of antigenaemia in the babies. all babies were tested at three or more months of age, and the mean age at last follow-up was eleven months with a mean of three serum specimens per baby (not counting cord-blood specimens). the frequency of acquisition of hbsag and anti-hbs was almost identical amon ... | 1975 | 52772 |
| letter: the nature of hepatitis-b virus. | | 1975 | 52807 |
| hepatitis b antigen - an incomplete history. | hepatitis b virus still cannot be grown in an in vitro system; therefore, research into hepatitis b antigen (hb ag) is limited to laboratory methods such as serology, electron microscopy, and biochemistry. these have established the presence of two distinct antigenic components of hb ag, that associated with the small forms and the outer covering of the dane particle (hbs ag), and that of the dane particle core (hbc ag). current findings make it almost certain that the dane particle represents ... | 1975 | 53003 |
| biophysical and biochemical characterization of hepatitis b antigen. | hepatitis b surface antigens specified by the genome of the hepatitis b virus are shared by various particulate forms which circulate in the sera of chronic hbs ag carriers. as purified from sera, hbs ag consists of at least seven polypeptides, two of which appear to be glycoproteins. most or all of these polypeptides contain both group-specific (a) and subtype-specific (d or y) determinants aspart of their structure. one particulate form, the dane particle, is present as a minor component in mo ... | 1975 | 53004 |
| biophysical and biochemical properties of purified preparations of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag). | two antigenically distinct subtypes, adw and ayw, of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag), have been purified from the plasma of anicteric hepatitis patients. biophysical studies of these purified preparations revealed considerable heterogeneity in their overall surface charge, morphology and molecular weights. chemical studies revealed that the composition of the particles is complex in that four to six different polypeptides and three glycoproteins were identified. in addition, cholesterol, th ... | 1975 | 53005 |
| structural and immunoreactive characteristics of hepatitis b core antigen. | the ultrastructural study of liver tissues from 38 patients with type b viral hepatitis consistently showed the presence of hepatitis b core antigen of 21-25 nm size in the liver cell nuclei and to a lesser extent in the cytoplasm. this finding and the demonstration of the tubular form of hepatitis b surface antigen in the proliferative degranulated endoplasmic reticulum constituted the etiologic criterion for the diagnosis of the disease. the double-shelled dane-like particles were frequently f ... | 1975 | 53006 |
| hepatitis b antigen subtypes-history, significance and immunogenicity. | initial work showed that all hepatitis b surface antigens (hbs ag) were identical. subsequent, additional studies revealed that hepatitis b surface antigens have a group reactive determinant, a, plus additional specificities which are not universally present on all antigens. four well-defindd subtypes of hbs ag exist (hbs ag/adw, hbs ag/ayw, hbs ag/adr, hbs ag/ayr) but additional subtypes will be forthcoming as newly described determinants are confirmed. the subtype specificities are determined ... | 1975 | 53007 |
| serotypes of hepatitis b antigen (hbs ag): the problem of "new" determinants, as exemplified by "t". | the principal antigenic determinants of hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbs ag) are specified by distinct genotypes of hepatitis-b virus (hbv). this hypothesis still stands undisproven. these specificities include the common antigen(s), called a, and two pairs of subdeterminants, d/y and w/r. the members of each pair are in general mutually exclusive, resulting in four "primary" phentoypes of hbs ag: adw, adr, ayw, and ayr. the newer "a(w) subcategories" probably also reflect differences in viral g ... | 1975 | 53008 |
| relationship of hepatitis a antigen to viral hepatitis. | progress in research on hepatitis type a has begun to accelerate because of the recent discovery of an antigen associated specifically with hepatitis type a infection and the development of tests for antibody to the antigen. hepatitis a antigen is associated with 27 nm virus-like particles found in the liver and stool of animals experimentally infected with hepatitis type a and in the stool of humans experimentally or naturally infected with the virus. the density of the particulate antigen when ... | 1975 | 53012 |
| mode of inhibition of herpes simplex virus dna polymerase by phosphonoacetate. | phosphonoacetate is a highly specific inhibitor of herpes simplex virus-induced dna polymerase. sensitivity of herpesvirus type 1 or type 2 induced dna polymerase to the drug was similar. however, dna polymerases from other sources such as the host cells (wi-38), micrococcus luteus, and hepatitis b virus were highly resistant. in addition, escherichia coli rna polymerase and reverse transcriptase of rous sarcoma virus were also insensitive to the drug. enzyme kinetic studies showed that inhibiti ... | 1975 | 53071 |
| clinical and serological analysis of transfusion-associated hepatitis. | of 108 prospectively followed, multiply transfused, open-heart-surgery patients, 12 (11%) developed hepatitis. patients received only volunteer donor blood tested for hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag) prior to transfusion by counterelectrophoresis (c.e.p.). 4 of the 12 patients developed hepatitis-b-virus infection. subsequent testing of donor serums by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (r.i.a.) revealed that an r.i.a.-positive, c.e.p.-negative blood unit was transfused to 3 of the 4 type-b hepatit ... | 1975 | 53329 |
| chronic liver disease developing after outbreak of hbsag-negative hepatitis in haemodialysis unit. | chronic liver disease developing after acute hepatitis type b is well documented, but is not thought to occur after acute hepatitis due to other viruses. however, follow-up of 29 patients in a haemodialysis unit who contracted hbsag-negative acute hepatitis during 1968-70 revealed 8 cases with raised serum-aminotransferase levels dating from that time. liver biopsy in 7 of these disclosed chronic aggressive hepatitis in 3, of whom 2 had already progressed to advanced cirrhosis. chronic persisten ... | 1975 | 53371 |
| letter: hepatitis-b virus infection of children born to mothers with severe hepatitis. | | 1975 | 53570 |
| letter: vertical transmission of hepatitis-b surface antigen. | | 1975 | 53695 |
| a new hepatitis b virus surface antigen. | a new determinant of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag), g, which is distinct from the previously identified determinants a, d, y, w, and r, was studied. this new antigen tended to be associated with the d antigen; it was found in 97% of ad specimens and in 15% of ay specimens. with few exceptions, the atypical subtypes, adg- and ayg+, were identified in sera from blood donors, but not in sera from patients with acute viral hepatitis; this finding possibly reflects a reduced tendency of these ... | 1976 | 54396 |
| approaching the control of viral hepatitis type b. | | 1976 | 54398 |
| letter: hepatitis-b antibody in polymyalgia rheumatica. | | 1976 | 54548 |
| two immunologic reactions in the pathogenesis of hepatitis? | | 1976 | 54877 |
| localization of hepatitis b surface antigen in conventional paraffin sections of the liver. comparison of immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, and orcein staining methods with regard to their specificity and reliability as antigen marker. | hepatitis b antigen (hbag) has been demonstrated in conventional formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissue by peroxidase and fluorescent immunostaining as well as by orcein. complete locational and morphologic identity is seen between material stained by specific immunologic methods and by orcein. the antigen is restricted to the cytoplasm and is generally observed in the hepatocyte; it is present in three morphologic forms. certain morphologic forms can even be identified in hematoxylin and ... | 1975 | 55076 |
| letter: detection of e antigen by immunofluorescence in cytoplasm of hepatocytes of hbsag carriers. | | 1976 | 55751 |
| efficacy of prophylactic gamma-globulin in preventing non-a, non-b post-transfusion hepatitis. | of 279 cardiac-surgery patients receiving a mean of twelve transfusions, 47 had significantly increased transaminase concentrations 14 to 180 days postoperatively and 10 were icteric. preoperatively, each patient randomly received high-titre hbsab gamma-globulin, normal gamma-globulin, or placebo and was followed at intervals for 9 months. only 3 patients had serological evidence of hepatitis-b infection. 3 additional patients had serological evidence of cytomegalovirus infection, while none had ... | 1976 | 55838 |
| relation of e antigen to hepatitis b virus infection in an area of hyperendemicity. | a study of the e determinant of hepatitis b surface antigen in an area of hepatitis b hyperendemicity revealed that the presence of e antigen or of antibody to e in the sera of individuals was specifically related to evidence of past or present infection with hepatitis b virus. among asymptomatic long-term carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen, presence of the e antigen was associated with elevated levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in serum; this observation suggested that the ... | 1976 | 56411 |
| identification of additional antigenic sites on dane particles and the tubular forms of hepatitis b surface antigen. | additional antigenic sites, distinct from those present on spherical 20 nm diam. particles of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), are exposed on the surface of dane particles and tubular forms of hbsag. the immunological relationship of these sites to e-antigen, an antigen detected earlier in hbsag-positive sera from patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis or acute hepatitis but not in healthy hbsag-carriers, was established by immune electron microscopy and affinity chromatography. these fi ... | 1976 | 56422 |
| an epidemic of infantile papular acrodermatitis (gianotti's disease) in japan associated with hepatitis-b surface antigen subtype ayw. | an epidemic of infantile papular acrodermatitis (i.p.a.) (gianotti's disease) occurred in matsuyama city, in south-east japan in 1974-75. patients ages ranged from less than one year to eight years. hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag) was detected by an immune adherence haemagglutination method in the serum samples of 48 of the 54 patients tested. hbsag subtypes were determined by a haemagglutination-inhibition method. ayw antigens were identified in 42 patients and adr antigens in 3; it was not ... | 1976 | 56530 |
| seroepidemiological study of hbv infections in athens, greece. | a seroepidemiological survey of a sample-roughly representative by age and sex - of 2744 persons of the greater athens area revealed that hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections are highly endemic in greece. hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was detected in 72(2-6%) of them. the subtype was identified in 70 of the 72 carriers, and 69 were ay; the other was ad. determinant w was present in all 61 that were capable of being typed further, and a23y(w) was twice as common as a11y(w). antibody to hbsag ... | 1976 | 57193 |
| recent advances in viral hepatitis: part i. | | 1976 | 57645 |
| [prophylaxis of viral hepatitis]. | | 1975 | 57897 |
| [can therapeutic measures cause a hepatitis virus infection to become chronic? (author's transl)]. | the question whether a hepatitis b virus infection can become chronic as a result of prophylactic or therapeutic measures is investigated. experience with standard or hepatitis b gamma-globulin has shown no negative influence on the development of chronic hepatitis b virus infections. on the other hand it cannot be excluded that a hepatitis b virus infection may be so modified by steroid therapy, by immunosuppressive or cytostatic treatment that the disease runs a milder course and then tends to ... | 1976 | 58376 |
| viral hepatitis. | | 1976 | 58754 |
| detection of surface and core antigens of hepatitis b virus in the liver of 164 human subjects. a study by immunoperoxidase and orcein staining. | the surface (hbsag) and core (hbcag) antigens of hepatitis b virus (hbv) have been searched by optic microscopy in the liver specimens from patients hospitalized for various conditions and from 38 hgsag chronic carriers. the study was done blindly using shikata et al.'s orcein staining on fixed and frozen material and direct immunoperoxidase on frozen material with antisera specific for surface (anti-hbs) and core (anti-hbc) antigens of hbv. no liver staining could be found in the 98 hbsag seron ... | 1976 | 58802 |
| hepatitis-b vaccine. safety criteria and non-b infection. | | 1976 | 59027 |
| behaviour of e antigen and antibody during chronic active liver disease. relation to hb antigen-antibody system and prognosis. | serial determinations of e antigen and e antibody were made in 20 patients with chronic active liver disease and hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag) or antibody (anti-hbs). the presence of e antigen was associated with failure to clear hbsag, produce anti-hbs, or respond to treatment with steroids. it is proposed that the presence of the e antigen is associated with impaired host immune responses to hepatitis-b virus infection and a poor prognosis. | 1976 | 59188 |
| differential distribution of hepatitis b surface antigen and hepatitis b core antigen in the liver of hepatitis b patients. | one hundred liver biopsies from 100 patients with clinical presumptive diagnosis of hepatitis were examined by immunofluorescence for the presence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag). of the 60 hbsag-positive livers, 51 were diagnosed as chronic hepatitis on histological grounds, 6 as acute hepatitis, and 3 as "near-normal liver." from the 60 tissue-positive cases, 3 subjects were hbsag seronegative. hbcag was detected in 44 livers, all of which also had h ... | 1976 | 59675 |
| primary carcinoma of the liver. | primary carcinoma of the liver is rare in western countries but it is a common malignant tumour in many parts of the tropics. much has been learnt in recent years about its pathology, manifestations, and aetiology that is relevant to the whole field of oncology. the important distinction between carcinomas of liver-cell and bile-duct origin, the phenomenon of alpha-fetoprotein production, and the role of cirrhosis are discussed in the context of newly discovered aetiological factors such as gona ... | 1976 | 60075 |
| hepatitis-b: a review. | the recent literature on various aspects of hepatitis-b is reviewed with emphasis on the interrelationships of viral structure, antigenic components, and host immune response in acute, chronic, and asymptomatic carrier states of the infection. the mode of replication and mechanisms of transmission are discussed. special attention is paid to potential non-parenteral routes of spread. the role of hepatitis-b in associated immune complex diseases and in hepatoma is outlined. a guide to the interpre ... | 1976 | 60200 |
| administration of human fibroblast interferon in chronic hepatitis-b infection. | one patient with hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive chronic aggressive hepatitis, and two chimpanzee carriers of hbsag, were each given seven doses of 10(7) i.u. of human fibroblast interferon over two weeks. the main differnce observed after treatment was a depression of the nucleocapsid hepatitis-0 core antigen in the liver, indicating that hepatitis-b virus infection is sensitive to interferon. except for a short febrile reaction, no undesirable effects were seen after the administr ... | 1976 | 60513 |
| predicting progression of acute type-b hepatitis to chronicity. | | 1976 | 60583 |
| [hepatitis: an international problem (author's transl)]. | three kinds of virus hepatitis are recognized today: hepatitis a, b, and "non a-nonb". hepatitis a is transmitted mainly by the anal-oral route, hepatitis b and probably also the third form of hepatitis principally by direct inoculation or close physical contact. normal human immune serum globulin protects against hepatitis a, but only gives limited protection against hepatitis b and "non a-non b" hepatitis. special immune serum globulin provides better protection but it is only available in sma ... | 1976 | 60698 |
| detection of e antigen and antibody: correlations with hapatitis b surface and hepatitis b core antigens, liver disease, and outcome in hepatitis b infections. | testing for e antigen and antibody (anti-e) was performed by immunodiffusion and counterelectrophoresis in patients with polyarteritis nodosa fulminant hepatitis, and chronic active hepatitis (cah), in 59 asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) who underwent liver biopsy, and in 150 carriers followed with sequential sgpt determinations. counterelectrophoresis was more sensitive that immunodiffusion. neither e antigen nor anti-e was found in the absence of hbsag. among hcsag- ... | 1976 | 61146 |
| modification of chronic hepatitis-b virus infection in chimpanzees by administration of an interferon inducer. | chimpanzees chronically infected with hepatitis-b virus showed transient changes in several markers of infection when treated with the interferon inducer polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid-poly-l-lysine carboxymethyl cellulose. serum dane-particle-associated d.n.a. polymerase, e antigen and hepatitis-b surface antigen, and intrahepatic hepatitis-b surface and core antigens diminished during treatment. defective (d.n.a.-polymerase-negative) dane particles increased in titre transiently durin ... | 1976 | 61440 |
| [detection and prognostic significance of ag "e" and its antibody in the course of hb virus infections[]. | a new antigen antibody system the e ag and ab has been investigated by immunodiffusion and counterelectrophoresis in the serum of 509 subjects. those included 242 patients with polyarteritis, acute chronic or fulminant hepatitis; 85 hemodialysis hbs ag carriers and 182 asymptomatic hbs ag carrier blood donors. neither e ag nor anti- e were detected in any of the non hepatitis b virus associated cases. counterelectrophoresis was found to be more sensitive than immunodiffusion and detected either ... | 1976 | 61579 |
| the virus of hepatitis, type b (first of two parts). | | 1976 | 62280 |
| structure and nature of hepatitis b antigen. | | 1976 | 62373 |
| induction of antibody to the "y" determinant of hbsag in a chimpanzee carrier of hbsag subtype "adw". | antibody to the y determinant of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was induced in a chimpanzee chronically infected with hepatitis b virus and circulating hbsag subtype adw. the chimpanzee was immunized with purified preparations of hbsag subtypes adw and ayw. six weeks after immunization, antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs) specific for the y determinant, appeared. no change occurred in titers of hbsag or antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc) and "e" antigen remained detectable. the circul ... | 1976 | 62804 |
| current status of post-transfusion hepatitis. | | 1976 | 63244 |
| the prevention of viral hepatitis. | studies with heat-inactivated ms-2 serum have indicated that active immunization against hepatitis b infection can be achieved even though the virus has not been cultivated in tissue culture. the development of new biophysical, biochemical and immunological techniques has increased knowledge of the hepatitis b virus and its associated antigens. in the wake of these recent developments the accumulating evidence indicates that active immunization could be achieved by the use of purified hepatitis ... | 1976 | 63266 |
| coincident hepatitis b surface antigen and antibodies of different subtypes in human serum. | three patients with simultaneously detectable hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody (anti-hbs) in their sera were studied for subtypes of hbsag and anti-hbs. in each case anti-hbs was found to be directed to a different subtype than that of the circulating hbsag, indicating that reinfection (or simultaneous infection) with a second subtype occurred. | 1977 | 63520 |
| [the core antigen of hepatitis b virus]. | | 1976 | 64022 |
| viral hepatitis research leading towards control by vaccination. | | 1976 | 64239 |
| neutrophil function in children who are carriers of hepatitis-b surface antigen. | the functional capacity of neutrophils of twenty children who are chronic carriers of hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag) was investigated by histochemical and quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium tests (n.b.t.), an assay of bactericidal capacity against encherichia coli, and an immunofluorescence test for hbsag in neutrophils, the histochemical n.b.t. test showed that there was a higher proportion of stimulated neutrophils in chronic hbsag carriers than in controls, but hbsag particles were not d ... | 1977 | 64695 |
| a clinical and laboratory evaluation of immune serum globulin from donors with a history of hepatitis: attempted prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis. | a controlled trial of passive immunization for prevention of post-transfusion viral hepatitis was carried out in order to determine whether effective levels of antibody were present in the "convalescent" immune serum globulin used in the study. this globulin was prepared selectively from plasma of donors giving a history of overt viral hepatitis two or more years earlier. the proportion of contributors to the globulin who had b hepatitis was unknown but the final product contained a low titer of ... | 1976 | 65126 |
| non-a, non-b post-transfusion hepatitis. | to clarify the role of hepatitis-a virus (h.a.v.) in the aetiology of post-transfusion hepatitis unrelated to hepatitis-b virus, we have tested and titred pre-transfusion and convalescent serum samples from 32 patients for antibody to hepatitis-a antigen (anti-ha) by quantitative immune adherence haemagglutination. 12 patients had no detectable anti-ha in either pre-transfusion or late convalescent serum; the other 20 had anti-ha in pretransfusion serum and no significant chance in titre during ... | 1977 | 65657 |
| reactivation of hepatitis-b virus. | | 1977 | 65666 |
| terminology of hepatitis viruses and antigens. recommendations of the who expert committee on viral hepatitis. | | 1977 | 67103 |
| a case report of primary hepatic carcinoma with prolonged hb virus infection and mono-clonal gammopathy. | a case of alpha-feto protein (afp) positive hepatic cell carcinoma has been presented in which the appearance of a mono-clonal gammopathy can be explained by persistent infection with hb virus (hbv). the patient, a fifty year old male, developed acute jaundice with hepatitis in july, 1952, and died of an hepatic cell carcinoma in december, 1973. the interest of this case lies in the fact that during the seven months prior to be patient's demise, a mono-clonal gammopathy of igg (l type), together ... | 1977 | 67980 |
| correlation of e antigen, dna polymerase activity, and dane particles in chronic benign and chronic active type b hepatitis infections. | the e determinant of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag) was found in 23 of 42 patients with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. presence of e antigen was associated with increases in dna polymerase activity and in the number of circulating dane particles. in the group with detectable e antigen, the average dna polymerase activity was 367+/-78 counts per minute (cpm; mean+/-standard error [se]), and the average number of dane particles counted in electron micrographs was 4.4% of the tota ... | 1977 | 68088 |
| forecasting the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma by the use of risk factors: studies in west africa. | an association between hepatitis b virus (hbv) and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (phc) has been found in several studies in africa, asia, and elsewhere. in this paper we considered the interrelations between several events related to hbv infection, which include the presence of: 1) hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), 2) antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc), 3) antibody to the surface antigen (anti-hbs), 4) chronic liver disease, 5) elevated alpha-fetoprotein, and 6) phc. with the ... | 1977 | 68119 |
| hepatitis b antigen: advancement in knowledge quickens. (a review). | for many years viral hepatitis and its causative agent have been an enigma to investigators. in the last decade there has been such an increase of information on the subject that it challenges one's ability to keep abreast of the advancement in knowledge. the purpose of this paper is to bring into focus some of the latest developments with regard to viral hepatitis b and its causative agent. | 1977 | 69402 |
| anti-hbbrno: a new ciep hepatitis b marker, more sensitive than hbsag radioimmunoassay. | evidence is presented for the new hbbrnoag-anti-hgbrno system association with the hbsag. the association is displayed particularly in a prevalence of ausria detectable hbsag carriers among the anti-hbbrno carriers, suggesting the anti-hbbrno to be a marker of contact with hepatitis b or, possibly, an indicator of co-existing hbsag antigenaemia, not detectable by radioimmunoassay. identity of hbbrnoag with hbsag/a, d, y, w, is ruled out, the identity with the other hbv associated antigenic speci ... | 1977 | 69570 |
| structure of hepatitis b dane particle dna and nature of the endogenous dna polymerase reaction. | the circular dna of hepatitis b dane particles, which serves as the primer/template for an endogenous dna polymerase, was analyzed by electrophoresis before and after a polymerase reaction and after digestion by restriction endonuclease or single-strand-specific endonuclease s1. the unreacted molecules extracted from the particles were electrophoretically heterogeneous, and treatment with s1 nuclease produced double-stranded linear dna ranging in length from 1,700 to 2,800 base pairs (bp). after ... | 1977 | 69727 |
| [method of identification of australia antigen by the counterimmunoelectrophoresis inhibition test]. | | 1977 | 69758 |
| hepatitis-b virus in bedbugs (cimex hemipterus) from senegal. | bedbugs of the species cimex hemipterus (f) were collected on four separate occasions from the bedding in the huts of village dwellers in senegal, west africa. hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag) was detected in unengorged nymph and adult bedbugs in each of the first three collections. 3 of 28 such specimens were hbsag(+) in the first collection and 3 of 17 specimens were positive in the second collection. in the third, 6 of 9 were hbsag(+) when the bed occupant was known to be hbsag(+). 2 of th ... | 1977 | 69829 |
| early lesions and development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in man--association with hepatitis b viral infection. | it is well known that primary hepatocellular carcinoma could be derived from chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in epidemiologic studies. however, it is still not clear what kinds of hepatocyte are premalignant cells. recently we have focused on liver cell dysplasia as a possible premalignant cell, and showed localization of alpha-fetoprotein in the cytoplasma of these cells. although the dysplastic cells were often seen in the liver of chronic active hepatitis, hepatitis b virus associated d ... | 1977 | 70387 |
| the demonstration of subtype (d or y)-specific determinants on the surface of the presumed hepatitis b virus. | dane particles isolated from the sera of hbsag/ad and hbsag/ay carriers were reacted with monospecific antibodies to the d and y subtype-specific determinants of hbsag/. dane particles from hbsag/ad expressed the d determinant on their surfaces and those from hbsag/ay sera contained the y specificity. both complete (dna-p and hbcag) and defective (hbcag alone) dane particles expressed the subtype-specific determinants. | 1977 | 70490 |
| [hepatitis b virus and primary liver carcinoma: evidences for a filiation hepatitis b, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer]. | many arguments have been developed for a filiation hepatitis b, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer (plc). the hypothesis in favour of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) as an indirect agent of plc was supported by epidemiological and anatomo-clinical data. the study of the serological markers of hbv has been performed in groups of senegalese patients who were suffering from hepatitis b, cirrhosis or plc and two control groups (blood donors and other cancers). the results concern the sequence leeding fr ... | 1977 | 71006 |