Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| epstein-barr viral mirnas inhibit antiviral cd4+ t cell responses targeting il-12 and peptide processing. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a tumor virus that establishes lifelong infection in most of humanity, despite eliciting strong and stable virus-specific immune responses. ebv encodes at least 44 mirnas, most of them with unknown function. here, we show that multiple ebv mirnas modulate immune recognition of recently infected primary b cells, ebv's natural target cells. ebv mirnas collectively and specifically suppress release of proinflammatory cytokines such as il-12, repress differentiation of na ... | 2016 | 27621419 |
| herpesviral-bacterial co-infection in mandibular third molar pericoronitis. | the aim of this study was to assess the presence of herpesviruses and periodontopathic bacteria and to establish their potential association with pericoronitis. | 2016 | 27620215 |
| puzzling and ambivalent roles of malarial infections in cancer development and progression. | scientific evidence strongly suggests that parasites are directly or indirectly associated with carcinogenesis in humans. however, studies have also indicated that parasites or their products might confer resistance to tumour growth. plasmodium protozoa, the causative agents of malaria, exemplify the ambivalent link between parasites and cancer. positive relationships between malaria and virus-associated cancers are relatively well-documented; for example, malaria can reactivate the epstein-barr ... | 2016 | 27618883 |
| presence of human papillomavirus and epstein-barr virus in squamous lesions of the tongue. | several studies have suggested a possible role of human papillomavirus and epstein-barr virus in the pathogenesis of oral premalignant lesions. this study aimed to investigate the correlation between squamous dysplasia of the tongue and expression of p16 and ki67 immunohistochemically as well as human papillomavirus genotypes with real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 2016 | 27617701 |
| clonal lymphoproliferations in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency. | common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders of humoral immunity, characterized by marked deficiencies in serum immunoglobulins. immune dysregulation causes susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections, as well as autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders. although the lymphoid cells comprising the atypical proliferations are often clonally related, their malignant potential and clinical significance differ from similar lesions in individuals with i ... | 2016 | 27614471 |
| peg-aspargase and dep regimen combination therapy for refractory epstein-barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. | epstein-barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (ebv-hlh) is the most frequent subtype of secondary hlh triggered by infections. previous studies have shown that ~30 % or more of patients with ebv-hlh do not respond to standard therapy. this study investigated the efficacy and safety profile of a modified dep regimen in combination with peg-aspargase (l-dep) as a salvage therapy for refractory ebv-hlh. | 2016 | 27613189 |
| primary rare anaplastic large cell lymphoma, alk positive in small intestine: case report and review of the literature. | primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma, alk positive in small intestine is clinically rare and the clinical, radiological and pathological information are generally not available. here, we report a case of 32-year-old male with alk positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma at the junction of jejunum and ileum, and highlight the clinicopathological features and the differential diagnosis of this type lymphoma. | 2016 | 27612448 |
| profile of exosomal and intracellular microrna in gamma-herpesvirus-infected lymphoma cell lines. | exosomes are small vesicles released from cells, into which micrornas (mirna) are specifically sorted and accumulated. two gamma-herpesviruses, kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv), encode mirnas in their genomes and express virus-encoded mirnas in cells and exosomes. however, there is little information about the detailed distribution of virus-encoded mirnas in cells and exosomes. in this study, we thus identified virus- and host-encoded mirnas in exosomes r ... | 2016 | 27611973 |
| prophylactic and therapeutic adenoviral vector-based multivirus-specific t-cell immunotherapy for transplant patients. | viral infections including cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, adenovirus, and bk virus are a common and predictable problem in transplant recipients. while cellular immune therapies have been successfully used to tackle infectious complications in transplant recipients, manufacturing immunotherapies to address the multitude of possible pathogens can be technically challenging and labor-intensive. here we describe a novel adenoviral antigen presentation platform (ad-mvp) as a tool for rapid gen ... | 2016 | 27606351 |
| clinical and pathological aspects of human immunodeficiency virus-associated plasmablastic lymphoma: analysis of 24 cases. | plasmablastic lymphoma (pbl) is a rare aids-related malignancy with a poor prognosis. little is known about this entity, and no standard treatment regimen has been defined. to establish an adequate treatment strategy, we investigated 24 cases of pbl arising in human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals. most of the patients were in the aids stage, with a median cd4 count of 67.5/µl. lymph nodes (58 %), gastrointestinal tract (42 %), bone marrow (39 %), oral cavity (38 %), and cns (18 %) w ... | 2016 | 27604616 |
| analysis of epstein barr virus encoded rna expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in north-eastern india: a chromogenic in situ hybridization based study. | nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is a common cancer in the north-east region of india. though the role of environmental contributors of npc in the north-eastern part of india is firmly established, ebv as an etiological agent in the region remains unexplored. | 2016 | 27602338 |
| primary splenic b-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and classical hodgkin lymphoma: a case report. | b-cell lymphoma (bcl), unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large bcl (dlbcl) and classical hodgkin's lymphoma (chl), is a novel entity to the world health organization classification system. these tumors are rare aggressive lymphomas that have a poor prognosis. the present study reports the case of a patient with one such lymphoma that occurred in the spleen, which expressed cluster of differentiation (cd)20, cd79α, melanoma associated antigen (mutated) 1, bcl6, cd15 and c ... | 2016 | 27602118 |
| asymptomatic cmv replication during early human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is associated with lower cd4/cd8 ratio during hiv treatment. | a low cd4/cd8 ratio in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals is associated with inflammation and higher risk of non-aids morbidity and mortality. in this study, we investigated the effect of subclinical cytomegalovirus (cmv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) replication on cd4(+) and cd8(+) t-cell dynamics when antiretroviral therapy (art) is started during early infection. | 2016 | 27601222 |
| role of mtor inhibitors for the control of viral infection in solid organ transplant recipients. | appropriate post-transplant immunosuppressive regimens that avoid acute rejection, while reducing risk of viral reactivation, have been sought, but remain a chimera. recent evidence suggesting potential regulatory and antiviral effects of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mtori) is of great interest. although the concept of an immunosuppressive drug with antiviral properties is not new, little effort has been made to put the evidence together to assess the management of immunosuppressive ... | 2016 | 27600985 |
| epstein-barr virus mrna profiles and viral dna methylation status in nasopharyngeal brushings from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients reflect tumor origin. | undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is 100% associated with epstein-barr virus (ebv) as oncogenic driver. npc is often diagnosed late due to initial vague complaints and obscured location. prior studies suggest that measurement of ebv dna load and rna transcripts in nasopharyngeal (np) brushings is useful for minimally invasive npc diagnosis. however, whether these ebv markers relate to local virus replication or reflect tumor origin remains to be demonstrated. to resolve this, we an ... | 2017 | 27600027 |
| molecular mechanisms of angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma development. | the molecular pathogenesis of peripheral t-cell lymphoma (ptcl) has gradually been clarified in terms of genomic abnormalities. insights into these genomic abnormalities have provided clues to understanding the pathogenesis of ptcl. furthermore, the origins of lymphoma cells have been clarified by investigating the distribution of genomic abnormalities in tumor cells and non-tumor blood cells. multistep tumorigenesis has been suggested to be a fundamental mechanism underlying the development of ... | 2016 | 27599421 |
| [clinical and genetic analysis for activated pi3k-δ syndrome by pik3cd gene mutation]. | to analyze clinical and genetic features of activated pi3k-δ syndrome (apds), a new form of immunodeficiency disease caused by pik3cd gene mutation. | 2016 | 27596086 |
| expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (pd-l1) in advanced stage ebv-associated extranodal nk/t cell lymphoma is associated with better prognosis. | programmed cell death 1 (pd-1)/pd-1 ligand 1 (pd-l1) pathway blockade has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. extranodal natural killer/t cell lymphoma (enktl) is an aggressive disease characterized by a strong association with epstein-barr virus (ebv), and chronic ebv infection is known to induce pd-l1 expression. however, the pd-1/pd-l1 pathway status in enktl remains elusive. thus, the expression pattern of pd-1 and pd-l1 was investigated in 73 enktl cases, and its clinicopath ... | 2016 | 27595782 |
| trichloromethane fraction of incarvillea compacta induces lytic cytotoxicity and apoptosis in epstein-barr virus-positive gastric cancer ags cells. | incarvillea compacta maxim. has been used to treat stomach disease in tibet for many years. the objectives of this study were to explore the anti-cancer ability of trichloromethane fraction of i. compacta maxim. roots (ic-tcl, r2) in ebv positive ags cancer cells and its effects on cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and lytic induction. | 2016 | 27595569 |
| epstein barr virus - a tumor virus that needs cytotoxic lymphocytes to persist asymptomatically. | epstein barr virus (ebv) is a human γ-herpesvirus that was discovered in burkitt's lymphoma more than 50 years ago. since then it has been proposed as the causative agent of up to 2% of all tumors worldwide, mainly lymphomas and epithelial cell carcinomas. surprisingly, persistent ebv infection is at the same time found in more than 90% of healthy human adults. even the very same programs of ebv infection that are found in the associated malignancies are continuously present in healthy ebv carri ... | 2016 | 27591678 |
| elevated epstein-barr virus antibody level is associated with cognitive decline in the korean elderly. | chronic viral infection is implicated in cognitive decline and alzheimer's disease (ad). our goal was to identify biomarkers for the development of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (amci) from cognitively normal state. to accomplish this, we analyzed plasma igg levels against epstein-barr virus (ebv) and herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) in study subjects with incident amci (converter) and normal cognitive function (nc control) who did or did not convert from cognitively normal state to amci duri ... | 2017 | 27589534 |
| prospective studies of infectious mononucleosis in university students. | we performed an intensive prospective study designed to obtain as much data as possible on the incubation and early illness periods of primary epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection. undergraduate students who lacked ebv antibody and oral ebv dna (ebv-naive) were seen every 2 weeks during their freshman year. clinical and behavioral data, oral washes and venous blood were obtained. ebv antibodies were quantified by enzyme immunoassay and viral loads by pcr. during a median 8 months of observation, 1 ... | 2016 | 27588199 |
| epstein-barr virus-encoded mir-bart6-3p inhibits cancer cell metastasis and invasion by targeting long non-coding rna loc553103. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection is causatively related to a variety of human cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) and gastric cancer (gc). ebv encodes 44 mature mirnas, a number of which have been proven to promote carcinogenesis by targeting host genes or self-viral genes. however, in this study, we found that an ebv-encoded microrna, termed ebv-mir-bart6-3p, inhibited ebv-associated cancer cell migration and invasion including npc and gc by reversing the epithelial-mesenchymal ... | 2016 | 27584792 |
| sudden, unexpected death of a 15-year-old boy due to pancarditis: a case report and possible etiopathogenesis. | generally, rheumatic heart disease is, today, sporadic in developed countries, even though it continues to be a major health hazard in the developing ones. it is also a very rare cause of sudden unexpected death. we report a case of a 15-year-old boy who suddenly died at home. since 3 days he had presented fever and chest pain. the family physician had diagnosed bronchitis and treated the boy with amoxicillin. | 2016 | 27583870 |
| incidence of infectious mononucleosis in universities and u.s. military settings. | the reported incidence rates for infectious mononucleosis (im) within universities and military settings vary widely from study to study. several factors may have contributed to the discrepancy in these incidence rates include misdiagnosis, ambiguity in the reported sample populations, and number of students who visited and were diagnosed at their campus's health service centers. the current review examines previously reported literature on the incidence rate in universities and military setting ... | 2016 | 27583306 |
| interplay of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 with nf-kappab signaling of the host. | herpesviruses establish a chronic infection in the host characterized by intervals of lytic replication, quiescent latency, and reactivation from latency. murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (mhv68) naturally infects small rodents and has genetic and biologic parallels with the human gammaherpesviruses (ghvs), kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and epstein-barr virus. the murine gammaherpesvirus model pathogen system provides a platform to apply cutting-edge approaches to dissect the interplay of ga ... | 2016 | 27582728 |
| structural basis underlying viral hijacking of a histone chaperone complex. | the histone h3.3 chaperone daxx is implicated in formation of heterochromatin and transcription silencing, especially for newly infecting dna virus genomes entering the nucleus. epstein-barr virus (ebv) can efficiently establish stable latent infection as a chromatinized episome in the nucleus of infected cells. the ebv tegument bnrf1 is a daxx-interacting protein required for the establishment of selective viral gene expression during latency. here we report the structure of bnrf1 daxx-interact ... | 2016 | 27581705 |
| epstein-barr virus: the path from latent to productive infection. | the intrinsic properties of different viruses have driven their study. for example, the capacity for efficient productive infection of cultured cells by herpes simplex virus 1 has made it a paradigm for this mode of infection for herpesviruses in general. epstein-barr virus, another herpesvirus, has two properties that have driven its study: it causes human cancers, and it exhibits a tractable transition from its latent to its productive cycle in cell culture. here, we review our understanding o ... | 2016 | 27578440 |
| a case of multiple hepatic lesions associated with methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder. | patients receiving methotrexate (mtx) for the treatment of autoimmune disease are at a high risk of developing lymphoproliferative disorders (lpd), the so-called methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (mtx-lpd). we recently performed abdominal ultrasonography (us) in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) who had developed hepatic dysfunction during the course of mtx therapy; the examination revealed multiple well-demarcated hepatic tumors with slightly irregular borders, the la ... | 2016 | 27577564 |
| [plasmablastic lymphoma]. | plasmablastic lymphoma (pbl) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-hodgkin lymphoma that commonly occurs in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive individuals, and affects oral sites. occasionally, it has been described in hiv-negative patients and involving non-oral sites. pathologically, pbl is a high-grade b-cell lymphoma that displays the immunophenotype of a terminally differentiated b-lymphocyte with loss of b-cell markers (cd20) and expression of plasma-cell antigens. epstein-barr ... | 2016 | 27576534 |
| hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with epstein-barr virus in the central nervous system. | hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) is a rare immune hyperactivation syndrome which may be primary (genetic) or secondary to various immune-related conditions including infection, immunodeficiency, and malignancies. rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential because it can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a known infectious cause of acquired hlh, but ebv-associated hlh involving the central nervous system is rare and not well characterized ... | 2017 | 27574808 |
| genomics study of gastric cancer and its molecular subtypes. | gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease encompassing diverse morphological (intestinal versus diffuse) and molecular subtypes (msi, ebv, tp53 mutation). recent advances in genomic technology have led to an improved understanding of the driver gene mutational profile, gene expression, and epigenetic alterations that underlie each of the subgroups, with therapeutic implications in some of these alterations. there have been attempts to classify gastric cancers based on these genomic features, wit ... | 2017 | 27573784 |
| epstein-barr virus-associated natural killer/t-cell lymphoma in a patient receiving therapy with anti-tumour necrosis factor and thiopurine. | is missing (short communication). | 2017 | 27573336 |
| environmental and genetic factors in pediatric inflammatory demyelinating diseases. | the onset of multiple sclerosis (ms) occurs in childhood in about 5% of all patients with ms. the disease in adults has a complex genetic and environmental inheritability. one of the main risk factors, also confirmed in pediatric ms, is hla drb1*1501 in addition to genetic factors, a large part of disease susceptibility in adults is conferred by environmental risk factors such as low vitamin d status, exposure to cigarette smoking, and remote epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection. in children, both ... | 2016 | 27572857 |
| host shp1 phosphatase antagonizes helicobacter pylori caga and can be downregulated by epstein-barr virus. | most if not all gastric cancers are associated with chronic infection of the stomach mucosa with helicobacter pylori caga-positive strains(1-4). approximately 10% of gastric cancers also harbour epstein-barr virus (ebv) in the cancer cells(5,6). following delivery into gastric epithelial cells via type iv secretion(7,8), the caga-encoded caga protein undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation on the glu-pro-ile-tyr-ala (epiya) motifs initially by src family kinases (sfks) and then by c-abl(9,10). tyrosi ... | 2016 | 27572445 |
| modeling of ebv infection and antibody responses in kenyan infants with different levels of malaria exposure shows maternal antibody decay is a major determinant of early ebv infection. | the combination of epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection and high malaria exposure are risk factors for endemic burkitt lymphoma, and evidence suggests that infants in regions of high malaria exposure have earlier ebv infection and increased ebv reactivation. in this study we analyzed the longitudinal antibody response to ebv in kenyan infants with different levels of malaria exposure. we found that high malaria exposure was associated with a faster decline of maternally derived immunoglobulin g an ... | 2016 | 27571902 |
| hemi-meningitis with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. | hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. hlh may occur as a complication of epstein-barr virus (ebv), particularly in patients with immunodeficiencies. herein, we describe a 16-year-old girl with neurological complications associated ebv-induced hlh. her cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (mri) showed contrast-enhanced axial t1-weighted images with enhancement of meningeal surface in the right hemisphere that was consistent with right hemi-meningitis. hyd ... | 2017 | 27570395 |
| epstein-barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcer arising in a post-hematopoietic cell transplant patient followed by polymorphic posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder and cytomegalovirus colitis. | epstein-barr virus (ebv)-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (ebvmcu) is a newly described entity occurring in elderly or iatrogenically immunocompromised patients. we describe a case of ebvmcu arising in a post-hematopoietic cell transplant patient and followed by ebv-positive polymorphic posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (ebv(+) polymorphic ptld). the patient, a 52-year-old woman, received chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for relapsed diffuse large b-ce ... | 2017 | 27569297 |
| positive regulation of hif-1a expression by ebv oncoprotein lmp1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. | latent membrane protein 1 (lmp1) is a pivotal viral oncoprotein that contributes to the carcinogenesis of epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc). we investigated the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (hif-1α) by lmp1. in npc cells, we found that lmp1 significantly enhanced the hif-1α mrna level, and not only the protein amount as described previously. mechanistically, the stability of the hif-1α transcript was remarkably prolonged by l ... | 2016 | 27567526 |
| differential igm expression distinguishes two types of pediatric burkitt lymphoma in mouse and human. | endemic burkitt lymphoma (ebl) is primarily a childhood cancer in parts of africa and brazil. classic studies describe ebl as a homogeneous entity based on t(8;14) igh-myc translocation and clinical response to cytotoxic therapy. by contrast, sporadic bl (sbl) in western countries is considered more heterogeneous, and affects both children and adults. it is overrepresented in aids patients. unlike diffuse large b cell lymphoma (dlbcl), molecular subtypes within bl have not been well defined. we ... | 2016 | 27566574 |
| epstein-barr viral micrornas target caspase 3. | the epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that transforms b cells and causes several malignancies including burkitt's lymphoma. ebv differentially expresses at least 49 mature micrornas (mirnas) during latency in various infected epithelial and b cells. recent high-throughput studies and functional assays have begun to reveal the function of the ebv mirnas suggesting roles in latency, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. in particular, the central executioner of apoptosis, caspase 3 ... | 2016 | 27565721 |
| primary intestinal extranodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma, nasal type: a comprehensive clinicopathological analysis of 55 cases. | to investigate the clinicopathological features, survival and prognostic factors of primary intestinal extranodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma, nasal type (pi-enktcl). | 2016 | 27564014 |
| prevalence of herpesviruses in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: relationship to clinical parameters and effect of treatment. | assess the prevalence of herpesviruses in healthy subjects, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis patients, to assess the relationship between the prevalence of herpesviruses and periodontal clinical parameters, and to evaluate the effect of phase-i therapy on the level of viral detection. | 2017 | 27563201 |
| successful treatment of epstein-barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder with rituximab in a patient undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for aplastic anemia. | epstein-barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (ebv-lpd) is a currently emerging serious complication in immunosuppressed patients, especially in allogeneic transplant recipients. several fatal cases of ebv-lpd have been reported in aplastic anemia (aa) patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy (ist) with antithymocyte globulin (atg) plus cyclosporine a (csa), but no appropriate prophylactic or therapeutic strategy has been established. herein, we describe a 29-year-old man whose ... | 2016 | 27561697 |
| the small noncoding rnas (sncrnas) of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (mhv-68) are involved in regulating the latent-to-lytic switch in vivo. | the human gammaherpesviruses epstein-barr virus (ebv) and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), which are associated with a variety of diseases including tumors, produce various small noncoding rnas (sncrnas) such as micrornas (mirnas). like all herpesviruses, they show two stages in their life cycle: lytic replication and latency. during latency, hardly any viral proteins are expressed to avoid recognition by the immune system. thus, sncrnas might be exploited since they are less like ... | 2016 | 27561205 |
| cerebellar ebv-associated diffuse large b cell lymphoma following angioimmunoblastic t cell lymphoma. | epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated b cell lymphoproliferative disorders may be seen in patients with angioimmunoblastic t cell lymphoma (aitl). although both nodal and extranodal sites of involvement have been described, central nervous system involvement by b cell lymphoma following aitl has not previously been documented. we report a first example of such unusual presentation, in which an 80-year-old man developed diffuse large b cell lymphoma (dlbcl) in the cerebellum 4 months after the init ... | 2015 | 27559423 |
| barr humbug: acute cerebellar ataxia due to epstein-barr virus. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection is associated with neurological sequellae, but rarely there is acute cerebellar ataxia (aca) in an adult. we present a novel case of a 26-year-old man, who presented with aca. he had normal mri and csf analysis. serum testing confirmed active ebv. a course of oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg for 4 weeks, with a subsequent taper was started. he made a full recovery within 3 weeks of presentation. | 2016 | 27558189 |
| favorable outcome of epstein-barr virus-associated b-cell lymphoproliferative disorder complicated by immunoglobulin g4-related disease treated with rituximab-based therapy: a case report. | after acute infection of epstein-barr virus, epstein-barr virus-infected b cells survive but usually do not show clonal proliferation. however, epstein-barr virus-infected b cells occasionally acquire a proliferative capacity that provokes clonal lymphoproliferative disorders. we herein present a case with epstein-barr virus-infected cd30+ b cell and immunoglobulin g4+ plasmacytoid cell proliferation in the lymph nodes, suggesting a pathological and clinical interaction between epstein-barr viru ... | 2016 | 27557810 |
| a solid mass in the chest wall: an unusual presentation of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a renal transplant recipient. | posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (ptld) is one of the most common malignancies after kidney transplantation. different clinical and histopathological forms of ptld related to immunosuppression can be observed after organ transplantations. we report a 42-year-old woman who had undergone deceased donor renal transplantation with an unusual presentation of ptld. the immunosuppressive treatment was discontinued and appropriate chemotherapy was started. however, the patient died despite th ... | 2016 | 27555070 |
| a case of ulcerative colitis following acute hepatitis induced by epstein-barr virus infection. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection varies in its clinical manifestations and severity. ebv can be a causative agent of hepatitis and may have a role in the pathogenesis of chronic autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel disease. a 24-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital, presenting with fever and elevated liver enzymes. she was diagnosed with acute hepatitis and ebv infection according to serologic tests and liver biopsy. within two months, she was re-admitted to our hospital, pr ... | 2016 | 27554218 |
| high frequency of bone marrow involvement in intravascular large b-cell lymphoma. | intravascular large b-cell lymphoma (ivlbcl) is a rare subtype of diffuse large b-cell lymphoma. thirteen cases of ivlbcl with a median age of 56 years were analyzed retrospectively. nonspecific symptoms such as fever and hepatosplenomegaly were the most common manifestations, and the bone marrow was usually involved in 8/13 (61.5%) cases. all tumors expressed cd20, and 12/13 (92.3%) of the tumors exhibited a nongerminal center phenotype by hans algorithm. cd5 was expressed in 3/12 (25%) of the ... | 2017 | 27553679 |
| viral-associated malignancies in africa: are viruses 'infectious traces' or 'dominant drivers'? | since the discovery of epstein-barr virus (ebv) the first human virus associated with cancer in 1964, the number of human malignancies associated with viruses has grown. a review of cancer incidence reveals substantial variation in the incidence of such cancers around the world. in some parts of africa, the majority of cancers are caused by infectious agents. however, there remain huge challenges in measuring the burden of cancer, especially in sub-saharan africa. despite this limitation, it is ... | 2016 | 27551983 |
| fulminant anaplastic large cell lymphoma (alcl) concomitant with primary cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection, and human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8) infection together with epstein-barr-virus (ebv) reactivation in a patient with asymptomatic hiv-infection. | most malignant lymphomas in hiv-patients are caused by reactivation of ebv-infection. some lymphomas have a very rapid fulminant course. hhv-8 has also been reported to be a cause of lymphoma. the role of cmv in the development of lymphoma is not clear, though both cmv and hhv-8 have been reported in tissues adjacent to the tumour in burkitt lymphoma patients. here we present a patient with asymptomatic hiv infection, that contracted a primary cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection and human herpes vir ... | 2016 | 27551290 |
| evidence of epstein-barr virus association with head and neck cancers: a review. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) is ubiquitous: over 90% of the adult population is infected with this virus. ebv is capable of infecting both b lymphocytes and epithelial cells throughout the body including the head and neck region. transmission occurs mainly by exchange of saliva. the infection is asymptomatic or mild in children but, in adolescents and young adults, it causes infectious mononucleosis, a self-limiting disease characterized by lethargy, sore throat, fever and lymphadenopathy. once esta ... | 2016 | 27548665 |
| ebv nuclear antigen 3c mediates regulation of e2f6 to inhibit e2f1 transcription and promote cell proliferation. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) is considered a ubiquitous herpesvirus with the ability to cause latent infection in humans worldwide. ebv-association is evidently linked to different types of human malignancies, mainly of epithelial and lymphoid origin. of interest is the ebv nuclear antigen 3c (ebna3c) which is critical for ebv-mediated immortalization. recently, ebna3c was shown to bind the e2f1 transcription regulator. the e2f transcription factors have crucial roles in various cellular functions, ... | 2016 | 27548379 |
| simultaneous genital ulcer and meningitis: a case of ebv infection. | the epstein-barr virus (ebv) is associated with a broad spectrum of diseases, mainly because of its genomic characteristics, which result in different latency patterns in immune cells and infective mechanisms. the patient described in this report is a previously healthy young man who presented to the emergency department with clinical features consistent with meningitis and genital ulcers, which raised concern that the herpes simplex virus was the causative agent. however, the polymerase chain r ... | 2017 | 27547743 |
| salivary and serum il-10, tnf-α, tgf-β, vegf levels in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and correlation with hpv and ebv infections. | each year approximately 6,000 new cases of head and neck cancer are registered in poland. human papillomavirus (hpv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) have been associated with tumour formation. cytokines have been shown to play an important role both in inflammation and carcinogenesis and they can be detected in saliva and serum with elisa assays. salivary biomarkers may be used as markers of early cancer detection. the aim of this study was the analysis of the serum and salivary levels of il-10, tn ... | 2016 | 27547238 |
| hemorrhagic herpes simplex virus type 1 nephritis: an unusual cause of acute allograft dysfunction. | interstitial nephritis due to viruses is well-described after solid organ transplantation. viruses implicated include cytomegalovirus; bk polyomavirus; epstein-barr virus; and, less commonly, adenovirus. we describe a rare case of hemorrhagic allograft nephritis due to herpes simplex virus type 1 at 10 days after living donor kidney transplantation. the patient had a favorable outcome with intravenous acyclovir and reduction of immunosuppression. | 2017 | 27545820 |
| the role of antiviral prophylaxis for the prevention of epstein-barr virus-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review. | the role of antiviral prophylaxis for the prevention of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (ptld) remains controversial for solid organ transplantation (sot) recipients who are seronegative for epstein-barr virus (ebv) but who received organs from seropositive donors. we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to address this issue. two independent assessors extracted data from studies after determining patient eligibility and completing quality assessments. overall, 31 studies w ... | 2017 | 27545492 |
| absolute configuration of dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes from maytenus jelskii and their potential antitumor-promoting effects. | chemoprevention of human cancer appears to be a feasible strategy for cancer control, especially when chemopreventive intervention is involved during early stages of the carcinogenesis process. as a part of our ongoing research program into new chemopreventive agents, herein are reported the isolation, structural elucidation, and biological evaluation of 10 new (1-10) and three known (11-13) sesquiterpenes with a dihydro-β-agarofuran skeleton from the leaves of maytenus jelskii zahlbr. their ste ... | 2016 | 27541714 |
| compartmentalization of total and virus-specific tissue-resident memory cd8+ t cells in human lymphoid organs. | disruption of t cell memory during severe immune suppression results in reactivation of chronic viral infections, such as epstein barr virus (ebv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv). how different subsets of memory t cells contribute to the protective immunity against these viruses remains poorly defined. in this study we examined the compartmentalization of virus-specific, tissue resident memory cd8+ t cells in human lymphoid organs. this revealed two distinct populations of memory cd8+ t cells, that we ... | 2016 | 27540722 |
| case report: epstein-barr-virus negative diffuse large b-cell lymphoma detected in a peri-prosthetic membrane. | primary bone lymphomas (pbl) are extremely rare malignant neoplasms. the most commonly described subtype of pbl is diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl). dlbcl within peri-prosthetic membrane of a joint is exceedingly rare. to the best of our knowledge this case is the second reported epstein-bar-virus (ebv) negative dlbcl in a peri-prosthetic membrane in the literature. | 2016 | 27539226 |
| birth order and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in multiplex families from taiwan. | a small proportion of individuals infected with epstein-barr virus (ebv) develop nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc). timing of initial exposure could alter immunological responses to primary ebv infection and explain variation in cancer risk later in life. we measured early life family structure as a proxy for the timing of primary ebv infection to examine whether earlier age at infection alters npc risk. we utilized data from 480 npc cases and 1,291 unaffected siblings from taiwanese npc multiplex ... | 2016 | 27537611 |
| establishing and characterizing a new primary effusion lymphoma cell line harboring kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | primary effusion lymphoma is a rare distinct large b-cell neoplasm that is associated with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) infection. over recent years, 9 kshv-positive/epstein-barr virus (ebv)-negative pel cell lines have been established. | 2016 | 27536332 |
| association of single nucleotide polymorphism rs2065955 of the filaggrin gene with susceptibility to epstein-barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma and ebv-negative gastric carcinoma. | the relationship between the filaggrin gene (flg) rs2065955 polymorphism and susceptibility to epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated gastric carcinoma (ebvagc) and ebv-negative gastric carcinoma (ebvngc) was investigated in shandong province, china. we detected the flg rs2065955 genotype and allele distribution by using pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) in 64 ebvagc, 82 ebvngc, and 111 normal control samples. immunohistochemistry was used to detect the level of flg protein in ... | 2016 | 27535066 |
| stimulation of the replication of icp0-null mutant herpes simplex virus 1 and pp71-deficient human cytomegalovirus by epstein-barr virus tegument protein bnrf1. | it is now well established that several cellular proteins that are components of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (pml nbs, also known as nd10) have restrictive effects on herpesvirus infections that are countered by viral proteins that are either present in the virion particle or are expressed during the earliest stages of infection. for example, herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) immediate early (ie) protein icp0 overcomes the restrictive effects of pml-nb components pml, sp100, hdaxx, and at ... | 2016 | 27535048 |
| the other side of the coin: leveraging epstein-barr virus in research and therapy. | epstein-barr virus is (ebv) a ubiquitous virus prevalent in 90% of the human population. transmitted through infected saliva, ebv is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis (im) and is further implicated in malignancies of lymphoid and epithelial origins. in the past few decades, research efforts primarily focused on dissecting the mechanism of ebv-induced oncogenesis. here, we present an alternate facet of the oncovirus ebv, on its applications in research and therapy. finally, discussi ... | 2016 | 27531881 |
| prognostic efficacy of combining tumor volume with epstein-barr virus dna in patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. | to evaluate the prognostic effect of combining tumor volume with pre-treatment plasma epstein-barr virus dna (ebv dna) in patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (imrt) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc). | 2016 | 27531868 |
| hydroa vacciniforme and hydroa vacciniforme-like t-cell lymphoma: an uncommon event for transformation. | hydroa vacciniforme (hv) is associated with epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection and a risk of transformation to lymphoma. | 2016 | 27531667 |
| comprehensive profiling of functional epstein-barr virus mirna expression in human cell lines. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) establishes lifelong infections in its human host. the virus is associated with a broad range of malignancies of lymphoid and epithelial origin, including burkitt's lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric carcinoma. during the latent phase of its life cycle, ebv expresses more than 40 mature mirnas that are highly abundant in tumor cells and may contribute to oncogenesis. although multiple studies have assessed the rela ... | 2016 | 27531524 |
| early developmental exposures shape trade-offs between acquired and innate immunity in humans. | life history theory predicts resource allocation trade-offs between competing functions and processes. we test the hypothesis that relative investment towards innate versus acquired immunity in humans is subject to such trade-offs and that three types of early developmental exposures are particularly salient in shaping adult immunophenotype: (i) pathogen exposure, (ii) nutritional resources; and (iii) extrinsic mortality cues. | 2016 | 27530543 |
| [a case of acute acalculous cholecystitis during infectious mononucleosis caused by the epstein-barr virus in a young woman]. | infection with the epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a common disease and is mainly asymptomatic during childhood, whereas infectious mononucleosis with clinical signs such as fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly often occurs in adolescents and adults with primary infection. acalculous cholecystitis has been reported as a rare complication. we report herein a case of acalculous cholecystitis accompanied by infectious mononucleosis by ebv, which was treated successfully by medical ... | 2016 | 27529970 |
| thyrotropin receptor antibody (trab)-igm levels are markedly higher than trab-igg levels in graves' disease patients and controls, and trab-igm production is related to epstein-barr virus reactivation. | graves' disease is an autoimmune thyroid disorder that mainly presents as hyperthyroidism and is caused by thyrotropin receptor antibodies (trabs) that stimulate thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors. we previously reported that graves' disease patients and healthy controls both had epstein-barr virus (ebv)-infected trab-positive b cells and the ebv-reactivated induction of these b cells in cultures may induce the production of trabs. in the present study, we quantified serum trab-igg and trab-i ... | 2016 | 27529807 |
| subtype distribution and long-term titer fluctuation patterns of serum anti-epstein-barr virus antibodies in a non-nasopharyngeal carcinoma population from an endemic area in south china: a cohort study. | serum immunoglobulin a antibodies against epstein-barr virus (ebv), viral capsid antigen (vca-iga) and early antigen (ea-iga), are used to screen for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) in endemic areas. however, their routine use has been questioned because of a lack of specificity. this study aimed to determine the distributions of different subtypes of antibody and to illustrate how the natural variation patterns affect the specificity of screening in non-npc participants. | 2016 | 27527073 |
| polyclonality in sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen. | sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (sant) of the spleen is a morphologically distinctive lesion. although the clinical course of sant is benign, its reactive or neoplastic nature remains to be clarified. furthermore, some investigators have suggested that sant is related to igg4 sclerosing lesion or inflammatory pseudotumor with stromal cells positive for epstein-barr virus (ebv). in this study, we assessed 22 cases of sant derived from adult women. clinical data and follow-up informa ... | 2016 | 27526296 |
| epstein-barr virus neuroretinitis in a lung transplant patient. | epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated optic neuropathy is rare with few reported cases, mostly involving immunocompetent patients who developed optic nerve involvement after infectious mononucleosis. we describe a unique case of a patient who developed severe bilateral ebv neuroretinitis after solid organ transplant. | 2017 | 27525478 |
| [viral superantigens]. | superantigens (sags) are microbial proteins produced by various microorganisms that elicit excessive and strong stimulation of t cells via an unconventional mechanism. they cause polyclonal activation of t cells in a non-specific manner, by binding to a particular variable-beta (vβ) chain of t-cell receptor (tcr) and mhc class ii molecule, in unprocessed form and outside of peptide-binding cleft, forming a bridge between the antigen presenting cell and the t cell. sags are classified into three ... | 2016 | 27525406 |
| a case report of epstein-barr virus-associated retinal vasculitis: successful treatment using only acyclovir therapy. | the purpose of this study was to describe a presumed case of epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated retinal vasculitis in a 42-year-old female with sudden unilateral vision loss and successful treatment with acyclovir therapy. diagnostic vitreous biopsy of the right eye was performed to test for ebv and other known infectious causes of retinitis and evaluate vitreous cells and serological testing. vitreous polymerase chain reaction viral dna testing result was positive for ebv but negative for herp ... | 2016 | 27524923 |
| comparative outcomes after haploidentical or unrelated donor bone marrow or blood stem cell transplantation in adult patients with hematological malignancies. | most patients eligible for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation will require identification of an alternate (unrelated or mismatched related) donor. we explored the transplantation outcomes for a sequential series of 54 patients undergoing haploidentical donor transplantation (haplo) compared to those from a control group of patients receiving cells from matched or mismatched unrelated donors (urd) selected by diagnosis and stem cell source. patients undergoing haplo transplantatio ... | 2016 | 27522040 |
| chloroquine inhibits lytic replication of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by disrupting mtor and p38-mapk activation. | lytic infection is essential for the persistent infection and pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), and inhibiting kshv lytic replication may effectively prevent the occurrence of kshv-related diseases. chloroquine (cq), a well-known antimalarial drug and autophagy inhibitor, exerts broad-spectrum antiviral effects and shows anti-cancer therapeutic potential. however, the ability of cq and its derivatives to control infection of oncogenic γ-herpesvirus remains undefined ... | 2016 | 27521848 |
| increased levels of plasma epstein barr virus dna identify a poor-risk subset of patients with advanced stage cutaneous t-cell lymphoma. | outcomes in advanced stage (as) cutaneous t-cell lymphomas (ctcl) are poor but with great variability. epstein-barr virus (ebv) is associated with a subset of non-hodgkin lymphomas. frequency of plasma ebv-dna (pebvd) detection, concordance with ebv rna (eber) in tumor tissue, codetection of plasma cytomegalovirus dna (pcmvd), and prognostic effect in as ctcl are unknown. | 2016 | 27521316 |
| nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk prediction via salivary detection of host and epstein-barr virus genetic variants. | genetic susceptibility and epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection are important etiological factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc). in this study, in southern china, where npc is endemic, a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in the ebv-encoded rpms1 gene (locus 155391: g > a [g155391a]) and seven host snps (rs1412829, rs28421666, rs2860580, rs2894207, rs31489, rs6774494, and rs9510787) were confirmed to be significantly associated with npc risk in 50 npc cases versus 54 hospital-based controls ... | 2016 | 27517745 |
| unusual presentation of pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. | primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (lelc) is a rare malignant tumour with histological features similar to undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. a close association is known to exist between pulmonary lelc and epstein-barr virus infection in southeast asian countries. we report a 69-year-old man with pulmonary lelc arising from a thin-walled cavity with a smooth inner surface and characterized by an unexpectedly rapid progression. | 2016 | 27516893 |
| epstein-barr virus infection induces bone resorption in apical periodontitis via increased production of reactive oxygen species. | chronic inflammatory processes in periapical tissues caused by etiological agents of endodontic origin lead to apical periodontitis. apart from bacteria, two herpesviruses, epstein-barr virus (ebv) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) are recognized as putative pathogens in apical periodontitis. although previous reports suggest the involvement of ebv in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis, its exact role in periapical bone resorption has not yet been fully elucidated. we hypothesize that ebv i ... | 2016 | 27515196 |
| presence of epstein-barr virus in gastric adenocarcinoma in indian patients. | 2017 | 27514983 | |
| the use of brincidofovir for the treatment of mixed dsdna viral infection. | double-stranded dna (dsdna) viral infections constitute a major complication following solid organ and stem cell transplantation. few therapeutic options are currently available for the treatment of such infections in highly immunocompromised hosts. brincidofovir is an oral investigational drug with broad antiviral activity against dsdna viruses in vitro, but clinical experience is limited. here we report a young female who developed a mixed infection with adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, epstein-ba ... | 2016 | 27513204 |
| concomitant classic hodgkin lymphoma of lymph node and cmyc-positive burkitt leukemia/lymphoma of the bone marrow presented concurrently at the time of presentation: a rare combination of discordant lymphomas. | discordant lymphoma is rare condition in which different types of malignant lymphomas occurring in different anatomic sites. the two diseases may present clinically as concurrent or sequential disease (10). herein we are reporting a pakistani female in her 60s, a carrier of hepatitis b virus with multiple comorbidities presented with cervical lymphadenopathy, diagnosed as hodgkin's lymphoma, mixed cellularity. during the staging workup, the patient was discovered to have extensive bone marrow (b ... | 2016 | 27512341 |
| epstein-barr virus-positive multiple myeloma following an abo incompatible second renal transplantation. | abo incompatible kidney transplant recipients receive higher dose of immunosuppression. previous data indicate that the incidence of malignancy is not higher in these patients. compared to the general population, renal transplant recipients are at 4.4-fold higher risk of developing myeloma. we describe a case of posttransplant multiple myeloma in an abo incompatible renal transplant recipient of a second graft. | 2017 | 27512301 |
| the role of human papilloma virus and herpes viruses in the etiology of nasal polyposis. | the aim of this study was to investigate the etiological role of human papilloma virus (hpv), herpes simplex virus (hsv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and human herpes virus-6 (hhv-6) and -7 (hhv-7) in the occurrence of nasal polyposis. | 2016 | 27511490 |
| [immunotherapy for epstein-barr virus-associated disorders]. | 2016 | 27510880 | |
| [principle suggestions for diagnosis and treatment of main nontumorous epstein-barr virus-associated diseases in children]. | 2016 | 27510866 | |
| [attach importance to diseases associated with severe epstein-barr virus infection in children]. | 2016 | 27510865 | |
| expression of epstein barr virus encoded ebna1 and lmp1 oncoproteins in nasopharyngeal carcinomas from northeast india. | nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc), a malignancy arising from the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx, is distinct from others cancers in terms of its epidemiologic features. it is rare in most parts of the world except for a few regions with populations of mongoloid origin. | 2016 | 27509984 |
| assessment of igg antibodies against hsv1, hsv2, cmv and ebv in patients with pemphigus vulgaris versus healthy people. | regarding the implication of viruses particularly herpes in pemphigus vulgaris, we sought to assess and compare the level of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv1 and hsv2), cytomegalovirus (cmv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) in patients with pemphigus vulgaris and healthy people. | 2015 | 27507994 |
| maintenance of the ebv-specific cd8(+) tcrαβ repertoire in immunosuppressed lung transplant recipients. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) is one of the most common viruses in humans, capable of causing life-threatening infections and cancers in immunocompromised individuals. although cd8(+) t cells provide key protection against ebv, the persistence and dynamics of specific t-cell receptor (tcr) clones during immunosuppression in transplant patients is largely unknown. for the first time, we used a novel single-cell tcrαβ multiplex-nested reverse transcriptase pcr to dissect tcrαβ clonal diversity within g ... | 2017 | 27507557 |
| association between acute infectious mononucleosis and vitamin d deficiency. | epstein-barr virus and vitamin d both have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, especially multiple sclerosis (ms). vitamin d influences both innate and adaptive immune responses and has been linked to increased susceptibility to other viral infections such as influenza. here we aimed to examine the association between vitamin d and acute infectious mononucleosis (im).this study is a case-control study that was conducted on im patients and a control group of healthy indivi ... | 2016 | 27505106 |
| increased ex vivo antigen presentation profile of b cells in multiple sclerosis. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is thought to be t cell mediated but the mechanisms eliciting such a dysregulated adaptative immune response remain enigmatic. | 2016 | 27503907 |
| reply to the letter to the editor 'epstein-barr virus reactivation in extranodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma patients: a previously unrecognized serious adverse event in a pilot study with romidepsin, histone deacetylase (hdac) inhibitors when combined with a proteasome inhibitor are safe and effective in patients with extranodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma' by tan et al. | 2016 | 27502713 | |
| integrins as herpesvirus receptors and mediators of the host signalosome. | the repertoire of herpesvirus receptors consists of nonintegrin and integrin molecules. integrins interact with the conserved glycoproteins gh/gl or gb. this interaction is a conserved biology across the herpesviridae family, likely directed to promote virus entry and endocytosis. herpesviruses exploit this interaction to execute a range of critical functions that include (a) relocation of nonintegrin receptors (e.g., herpes simplex virus nectin1 and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus epha2 ... | 2016 | 27501260 |
| kinetics of alloantigen-specific regulatory cd4 t cell development and tissue distribution after donor-specific transfusion and costimulatory blockade. | the influence of donor-side regulation toward recipient antigens on graft outcome is poorly understood. | 2016 | 27500263 |