| haemorrhagic conversion of infectious myelitis in an immunocompromised patient. | a 28-year-old man recently diagnosed with hiv (cd4 19 cells/mm3, viral load 3.6 million copies/ml, not on highly active antiretroviral therapy on initial diagnosis at outside hospital), disseminated histoplasmosis, shingles and syphilis presented with paraplegia developing over 3 days. spine mri demonstrated a longitudinally extensive cord lesion extending from c3 to the tip of the conus. brain mri was consistent with meningoencephalitis. cerebrospinal fluid findings were notable for positive va ... | 2017 | 29197841 |
| increased herpes zoster risk associated with poor hla-a immediate early 62 protein (ie62) affinity. | around 30% of individuals will develop herpes zoster (hz), caused by the varicella zoster virus (vzv), during their life. while several risk factors for hz, such as immunosuppressive therapy, are well known, the genetic and molecular components that determine the risk of otherwise healthy individuals to develop hz are still poorly understood. we created a computational model for the human leukocyte antigen (hla-a, -b, and -c) presentation capacity of peptides derived from the vzv immediate early ... | 2017 | 29196796 |
| [a woman with skin rash and dyspnoea]. | we present a 36-year-old woman who was born and raised in hongkong but currently lived in the netherlands. she was admitted with a varicella-zoster virus (vzv) primo-infection complicated by pneumonia and hepatitis. the patient was successfully treated with aciclovir. adult vzv primo-infections are uncommon in dutch natives but occur more often in immigrants from countries with a temperate climate where less people are infected during childhood. | 2017 | 29192574 |
| [detection of herpes virus and human enterovirus in pathology samples using low-density arrays]. | despite the frequency of infections with herpesviridae family, only eight subtypes affect humans (herpex simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, epstein-barr virus, citomegalovirus and human herpes virus types 6, 7 and 8). amongst enteroviruses infections, the most important are poliovirus, coxackievirus and echovirus. symptoms can vary from mild to severe and early diagnosis is of upmost importance. nowadays, low-density arrays can detect different types of viruses in a single assa ... | 2017 | 29179969 |
| dermatological complications after solid organ transplantation. | organ transplant recipients (otrs) are a population at high risk for cutaneous adverse events. their early recognition and appropriate treatment is an important component of the clinical management of otrs and should be optimally dealt with by dermatologists working in the context of a transplant dermatology clinic. skin examination should be a standard procedure before performing organ transplantation to assess conditions which may be difficult to manage after the transplant procedure has been ... | 2017 | 29177692 |
| immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of 2 doses of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine administered 2, 6 or 12 months apart in older adults: results of a phase iii, randomized, open-label, multicenter study. | in phase iii trials, 2 doses of a herpes zoster (hz) subunit vaccine (hz/su; 50 µg varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein e [ge] and as01b adjuvant system) administered 2-months apart in older adults (≥50 and ≥70 years) demonstrated >90% efficacy in preventing hz and had a clinically acceptable safety profile. here we report immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety following administration of 2 hz/su doses at intervals longer than 2 months. | 2018 | 29174683 |
| herpes zoster vaccine live: a 10 year review of post-marketing safety experience. | zoster vaccine is a single dose live, attenuated vaccine (zvl) indicated for individuals ≥50 years-old for the prevention of herpes zoster (hz). safety data from clinical trials and post-licensure studies provided reassurance that zvl is generally safe and well tolerated. the objective of this review was to provide worldwide post-marketing safety information following 10 years of use and >34 million doses distributed. | 2017 | 29174682 |
| varicella virus vaccination in the united states. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) is the cause of chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (zoster), and was once responsible for over 4 million infections in the united states annually. the development of a live attenuated vzv vaccine was initially viewed with extreme skepticism. nonetheless, a vzv vaccine was developed in the 1970s by takahashi and his colleagues in japan and was eventually licensed in the us. it is now known to be one of the safest and most effective vaccines available and is administe ... | 2017 | 29173081 |
| acute viral infections of the central nervous system, 2014-2016, greece. | in order to investigate the viral etiology of acute infections of central nervous system (cns), multiplex and single pcrs combined with serology for arboviruses were applied on samples from 132 hospitalized patients in greece during may 2014-december 2016. a viral pathogen was detected in 52 of 132 (39.4%) cases with acute cns infection. enteroviruses predominated (15/52, 28.8%), followed by west nile virus (9/52, 17.3%). phleboviruses, varicella-zoster virus, and epstein-barr virus accounted fo ... | 2017 | 29168889 |
| apparent seronegative maternal shingles with post-natal mother-to-baby transmission of varicella zoster virus. | we present an unusual case of varicella zoster (vz) virus igg negative, yet clinically apparent, maternal shingles, which prompted the administration of vz immunoglobulin to the newborn. the mother had no previous vz vaccination. eleven days later the baby developed a primary vz infection, with only mild disease, likely as a result of the vz immunoglobulin. the variable sensitivity of vzv igg-specific assays is well-recognized. thus, the ability of this particular vzv igg assay to detect both ma ... | 2017 | 29168888 |
| rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in uveitis. | retinal detachment is more common among uveitis patients than in the general population. here, we aimed to assess the prevalence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (rrd) in a uveitis population. | 2017 | 29164419 |
| varicella zoster virus-infected cerebrovascular cells produce a proinflammatory environment. | to test whether varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection of human brain vascular cells and of lung fibroblasts directly increases proinflammatory cytokine levels, consistent with vzv as a causative agent in intracerebral vzv vasculopathy and giant-cell arteritis (gca). | 2017 | 29159203 |
| a unique case of acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis secondary to primary varicella zoster virus infection. | primary varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection, predominantly in the pediatric population, presents with pyrexia and a classic pruritic vesicular rash. in adults, although less common, it is more severe and linked to more complications. neurological complications, which account for less than 1% of all vzv complications, include meningitis, encephalitis, arterial vasculopathy, and venous thrombosis. we present a case of a 39-year-old male who developed extensive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis f ... | 2017 | 29159001 |
| phylogenetic and recombination analysis of the herpesvirus genus varicellovirus. | the varicelloviruses comprise a genus within the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, and infect both humans and other mammals. recently, next-generation sequencing has been used to generate genomic sequences of several members of the varicellovirus genus. here, currently available varicellovirus genomic sequences were used for phylogenetic, recombination, and genetic distance analysis. | 2017 | 29157201 |
| enhancement of cutaneous immunity during ageing by blocking p38 mapkinase induced inflammation. | immunity declines with age that leads to re-activation of varicella zoster virus (vzv). in humans, age associated immune changes are usually measured in blood leukocytes however this may not reflect alterations in tissue-specific immunity. | 2017 | 29155150 |
| reactivation of varicella-zoster virus in immunosuppressed patients. | | 2017 | 29153884 |
| family history of zoster and risk of developing herpes zoster. | studies have investigated a possible association between family history of hz and the occurrence of hz. however, the results were inconclusive and susceptible to bias. we evaluated this association in an elderly population. | 2018 | 29146515 |
| varicella zoster virus-associated morbidity and mortality in africa - a systematic review. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) causes varicella and herpes zoster. these vaccine preventable diseases are common globally. most available data on vzv epidemiology are from industrialised temperate countries and cannot be used to guide decisions on the immunization policy against vzv in africa. this systematic review aims to review the published data on vzv morbidity and mortality in africa. | 2017 | 29137604 |
| pharmacokinetics and safety of amenamevir in healthy subjects: analysis of four randomized phase 1 studies. | amenamevir (asp2151) is a nonnucleoside antiherpesvirus compound available for the treatment of varicella-zoster virus infections. in this article we summarize the findings of four phase 1 studies in healthy participants. | 2017 | 29134426 |
| safety and immunogenicity of inactivated varicella-zoster virus vaccine in adults with autoimmune disease: a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. | immunogenicity and safety of inactivated zoster vaccine (zvin) were evaluated in adults with autoimmune disease. | 2017 | 29126292 |
| varicella-zoster virus myeloencephalitis. | | 2017 | 29124011 |
| diagnostic value of serum-soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels vs angiotensin-converting enzyme in patients with sarcoidosis-associated uveitis. | new and improved diagnostic tests for sarcoidosis-associated uveitis are needed because the currently available laboratory diagnostic biomarkers (eg, lysozyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme [ace]) are lacking in high sensitivity and specificity. | 2017 | 29121154 |
| decreased immunity to varicella zoster virus in giant cell arteritis. | herpes zoster, which can have a major impact on quality of life, results from reactivation of a latent varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection. we hypothesized that giant cell arteritis (gca) patients are at increased risk of herpes zoster because of treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids and advanced age. aim of the study, therefore, was to determine cell-mediated and humoral immunity to vzv in patients with gca, patients with closely related disease polymyalgia rheumatica (pmr; treated with l ... | 2017 | 29118757 |
| varicella-zoster virus orf7 interacts with orf53 and plays a role in its trans-golgi network localization. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that causes chickenpox and shingles. orf7 is an important virulence determinant of vzv in both human skin and nerve tissues, however, its specific function and involved molecular mechanism in vzv pathogenesis remain largely elusive. previous yeast two-hybrid studies on intraviral protein-protein interaction network in herpesviruses have revealed that vzv orf7 may interact with orf53, which is a virtually unstudied but essential viral ... | 2017 | 29116592 |
| low intrathecal antibody production despite high seroprevalence of epstein-barr virus in multiple sclerosis: a review of the literature. | patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) frequently have an intrathecal production of antibodies to different common viruses, which can be detected by elevated antiviral antibody indices (ais). there is a strong and consistent association of ms and epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection. | 2017 | 29098417 |
| role for the ventral posterior medial/posterior lateral thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex in affective/motivation pain induced by varicella zoster virus. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) infects the face and can result in chronic, debilitating pain. the mechanism for this pain is unknown and current treatment is often not effective, thus investigations into the pain pathway become vital. pain itself is multidimensional, consisting of sensory and affective experiences. one of the primary brain substrates for transmitting sensory signals in the face is the ventral posterior medial/posterior lateral thalamus (vpm/vpl). in addition, the anterior cingulat ... | 2017 | 29089872 |
| varicella zoster virus-specific t cell responses in untreated giant cell arteritis: comment on the article by england et al. | | 2017 | 29088578 |
| eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy mimicking varicella zoster infection: report in a woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and review of the literature. | eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy is a rare papulovesicular eruption that presents in patients with hematoproliferative disorders, particularly chronic lymphocytic leukemia. a 59-year-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who developed eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy mimicking varicella zoster infection is described. pubmed database was searched with the key words: chronic, dermatosis, eosinophilic, hematologic, infection, leukemia, lymphocytic, malignancy ... | 2017 | 29085714 |
| herpes zoster meningitis in immunocompetent children: two case reports and a literature review. | we encountered two cases of herpes zoster (hz) meningitis, a rarely occurring complication of hz, in previously healthy children. one patient treated with i.v. acyclovir (acv, 31 mg/kg/day) did not recover. his symptoms were relieved somewhat by increased acv dosage, but it caused transient renal dysfunction. another patient treated with i.v. acv (30 mg/kg/day) recovered. treatment for hz meningitis in immunocompetent children has not been established. in a literature review, 80% of 20 patients ... | 2017 | 29081071 |
| herpes zoster in the older adult. | herpes zoster (hz) is the result of reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (vzv) and occurs most frequently in older adults. classically, hz presents as a unilateral, selflimited, dermatomal rash. postherpetic neuralgia (phn) is a common sequela, presenting as severe pain that persists after the rash has resolved. in the elderly, phn can be debilitating and requires a prompt diagnosis, treatment with antivirals, and adequate pain control. a longer-term pain management strategy is required ... | 2017 | 29079160 |
| a randomized lot-to-lot immunogenicity consistency study of the candidate zoster vaccine hz/su. | the risk of developing herpes zoster (hz) increases with age and is thought to be associated with a decrease in cell-mediated immunity in older adults. the adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus (vzv) glycoprotein e (ge) recombinant subunit vaccine (hz/su) showed >90% efficacy in the prevention of hz when administered in adults ≥50 years of age. here we aim to evaluate immunogenicity consistency of 3 different hz/su vaccine lots and to assess safety of these lots. | 2017 | 29079101 |
| pharmacokinetic evaluation of the interactions of amenamevir (asp2151) with ketoconazole, rifampicin, midazolam, and warfarin in healthy adults. | amenamevir is a nonnucleoside antiherpes virus compound available for treating herpes zoster infections. four studies aimed to determine any potential interactions between amenamevir and ketoconazole, rifampicin, midazolam, or warfarin in healthy male participants. | 2017 | 29076107 |
| investigation of an outbreak of varicella in chandigarh, north india, using a real-time polymerase chain reaction approach. | outbreaks of varicella are reported when susceptible population accumulates. this study reports a chickenpox outbreak in burail in august 2014, wherein 20 laboratory-confirmed cases were identified by the detection of varicella zoster virus (vzv) dna and vzv igm antibodies. the viral load between vesicular swabs and serum samples from 8 patients with active lesions was found to have good correlation and further also related with disease severity. real-time polymerase chain reaction can be useful ... | 2017 | 29063890 |
| studies with herpes zoster vaccines in immune compromised patients. | the active component of the herpes zoster vaccine (zvl), licensed for people ≥50 years of age, is a live attenuated varicella-zoster virus. zvl is contraindicated for immune compromised individuals, with limited regard to the degree of immunosuppression. areas covered: this review evaluates phase i and ii and observational studies for zvl, and published reports of the off-label use of zvl, for conditions and therapies for which investigators considered the risk-benefit for using zvl to be favora ... | 2017 | 29053937 |
| projections of zoster incidence in australia based on demographic and transmission models of varicella-zoster virus infection. | re-exposure to varicella infection is believed to delay the occurrence of herpes zoster (hz), which has led to predictions of increased hz following introduction of varicella vaccination programs. however, there is evidence of rising hz rates before vaccination was introduced. here, we explore a potential explanation for this effect through demographic change leading to reductions in varicella exposure and boosting in the context of australia over the 20th century. to study this hypothesis, we i ... | 2017 | 29050801 |
| varicella and herpes zoster vaccine development: lessons learned. | before vaccination, varicella zoster virus (vzv), which is endemic worldwide, led to almost universal infection. this neurotropic virus persists lifelong by establishing latency in sensory ganglia, where its reactivation is controlled by vzv-specific t-cell immunity. lifetime risk of vzv reactivation (zoster) is around 30%. vaccine development was galvanised by the economic and societal burden of vzv, including debilitating zoster complications that largely affect older individuals. areas covere ... | 2017 | 29047317 |
| human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons are highly permissive for varicella-zoster virus lytic infection. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is highly cell associated when grown in culture and has a much higher (4,000- to 20,000-fold increased) particle-to-pfu ratio in vitro than herpes simplex virus (hsv). in contrast, vzv is highly infectious in vivo by airborne transmission. neurons are major targets for vzv in vivo; in neurons, the virus can establish latency and reactivate to produce infectious virus. using neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells (hesc) and cell-free wild-type (wt) vzv, we de ... | 2018 | 29046461 |
| varicella zoster virus - need for better infection prevention and control. | | 2017 | 29043719 |
| dna methylation patterns are related to co-morbidity status and circulating c-reactive protein levels in the nursing home elderly. | elderly residents of long-term care commonly exhibit a number of age-related health deficits, including impaired physical and cognitive function, chronic illnesses, and chronic inflammation. given our previous data relating the phenotype and function of innate and adaptive leukocytes from the nursing home elderly to chronic conditions and inflammatory biomarkers, we hypothesized that these factors would influence the regulatory programming of immune cells, thereby contributing to immune dysfunct ... | 2017 | 29032243 |
| more evidence is needed to show any role of cytomegalovisrus and varicella zoster virus in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. | | 2017 | 29030049 |
| immunogenicity and safety of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine coadministered with seasonal influenza vaccine in adults aged 50 years or older. | the immunogenicity and safety of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit (hz/su) vaccine when coadministered with a quadrivalent seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv4) was investigated in a phase 3, open-label, randomized clinical trial in adults aged ≥50 years. | 2017 | 29029224 |
| diagnostic usefulness of varicella-zoster virus real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of dna in saliva and plasma specimens from patients with herpes zoster. | we evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis for detecting varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection and reactivation of vzv, using dna extracted from saliva and plasma specimens obtained from subjects with suspected herpes zoster and from healthy volunteers during stressful and nonstressful conditions. | 2017 | 29029120 |
| review for disease of the year: varicella zoster virus-induced anterior uveitis. | varicella zoster virus (vzv)-induced anterior uveitis (au) may complicate the course of primary varicella infection typically seen in children. in adults, especially with advanced age, vzv au is more commonly associated with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (hzo) with or without skin rash affecting the distribution of the ophthalmic nerve due to reactivation of the latent vzv in the trigeminal ganglion. while it is typically a mild self-limiting au in primary infection, hzo au is often accompanied by ... | 2017 | 29023181 |
| varicella-zoster virus expresses multiple small noncoding rnas. | many herpesviruses express small noncoding rnas (sncrnas), including micrornas (mirnas), that may play roles in regulating lytic and latent infections. none have yet been reported in varicella-zoster virus (vzv; also known as human herpesvirus 3 [hhv-3]). here we analyzed next-generation sequencing (ngs) data for small rnas in vzv-infected fibroblasts and human embryonic stem cell-derived (hesc) neurons. two independent bioinformatics analyses identified more than 20 vzv-encoded 20- to 24-nucleo ... | 2017 | 29021397 |
| acute retinal necrosis caused by the zoster vaccine virus. | we report acute retinal necrosis caused by the vaccine oka strain following immunization of a 78-year-old woman with live zoster vaccine. whole genome sequencing confirmed the ocular voka strain to be derived from the vaccine and excluded the presence of new mutations or recombination with wild-type varicella zoster virus. | 2017 | 29020238 |
| autophagy proteins in phagocyte endocytosis and exocytosis. | autophagy was initially described as a catabolic pathway that recycles nutrients of cytoplasmic constituents after lysosomal degradation during starvation. since the immune system monitors products of lysosomal degradation via major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii restricted antigen presentation, autophagy was found to process intracellular antigens for display on mhc class ii molecules. in recent years, however, it has become apparent that the molecular machinery of autophagy serves p ... | 2017 | 29018446 |
| varicella infection in a non-universally vaccinated population: actual epidemiology in bulgaria (2013-2015). | varicella is a common and usually mild disease but it has great importance in regard to general infectious morbidity. the current study aimed to characterize possible risk factors of varicella epidemiology in bulgaria, a country where infection follows its natural epidemiological pattern as no mandatory or recommended vaccine is currently applied. | 2017 | 29017751 |
| monoclonal igg in mgus and multiple myeloma targets infectious pathogens. | subsets of mature b cell neoplasms are linked to infection with intracellular pathogens such as epstein-barr virus (ebv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), or helicobacter pylori. however, the association between infection and the immunoglobulin-secreting (ig-secreting) b proliferative disorders remains largely unresolved. we investigated whether the monoclonal igg (mc igg) produced by patients diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (mgus) or multiple myeloma (mm) targets infec ... | 2017 | 28978808 |
| unusual case of acute urinary retention in a young female. | we report an unusual case of a 17-year-old young female presenting to the emergency department with varicella infection, acute urinary retention (aur) and no other neurological deficits. an mri of the spine confirmed the diagnosis of acute transverse myelitis. positive serum igg antibodies against varicella zoster virus (vzv) suggested a parainfectious aetiology. the patient eventually developed weakness and a sensory level from the third thoracic dermatome on day 2 of hospitalisation. awareness ... | 2017 | 28978599 |
| seroprevalence of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and ljungan virus in finnish patients with suspected neurological infections. | directly-transmitted rodent-borne zoonotic viruses, such as lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) can cause nervous system infections. rodent-borne ljungan virus (lv) is considered potentially zoonotic possibly causing neurological symptoms. our objective was to understand the role of these two viruses compared to other pathogens in causing neurological infections in finnish patients. routine screening data were available for 400 patients aged 5-50 years, collected from december 2013 to dece ... | 2018 | 28976562 |
| a rare presentation of cranial polyneuropathy without rash caused by varicella zoster virus. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) is associated with many disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems including neuralgia, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, cerebellitis, vasculopathy, myelopathy, ramsay-hunt syndrome, and polyneuritis cranialis. cranial nerves v, vi, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, and/or xii may be affected. the neurological disorders caused by vzv usually present with rash, but may rarely present without rash. | 2017 | 28974853 |
| a concordance study of the altona realstar varicella-zoster virus real-time quantitative pcr and in-house conventional qualitative pcr. | this study compared the altona realstar™ vzv kit 1.0 real time quantitative vzv pcr with in-house qualitative conventional vzv pcr on cerebrospinal fluid, mucocutaneous, and other uncommon clinical specimens. overall, positive and negative agreement percentages were respectively 97.9% (95%ci: 93.8-99.6), 100.0% (95%ci: 93.1-100.0), and 96.3% (95%ci: 89.4-99.2) while cohen's kappa statistic value was 0.96 (95%ci: 0.91-1.00). realstar™ vzv quantitative pcr assay reported average quantitative viral ... | 2018 | 28971486 |
| cytokines produced in response to varicella-zoster virus infection of arpe-19 cells stimulate lymphocyte chemotaxis. | posterior uveitis is an ocular complication that can occur with reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv). it may lead to loss of vision due to retinal detachment and chronic inflammation, which often causes more severe disease than the virus infection itself. to increase our understanding of the immune response, we infected the retinal pigment epithelial (rpe) cell line, arpe-19, with cell-associated vzv and compared its response to that of the mewo cell line using multiplex assays. we obser ... | 2017 | 28968855 |
| aflibercept in the management of acute retinal necrosis syndrome-related macular edema. | acute retinal necrosis (arn) is a panuveitis syndrome that may lead to severe complications such as cystoid macular edema (cme). there is no consensus about the best treatment. we report one case of cme secondary to arn managed with intravitreal aflibercept. | 2017 | 28967076 |
| a study of the changes of t helper 17 cells and regulatory t cells in herpes zoster. | immunosuppression and age-related deficiencies in cell-mediated immunity are important factors for the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (vzv). cd4+cd25+foxp3+ regulatory t (treg) cells and t helper 17 (th17) cells are closely associated with various viral infections. | 2017 | 28966514 |
| large-vessel involvement and varicella zoster virus vasculopathy in giant cell arteritis-related stroke: something to keep an eye on. | | 2017 | 28966175 |
| diskogenic reactivation of herpes zoster. | varicella zoster virus remains dormant in the dorsal root ganglia after childhood exposure to chickenpox. its reactivation results in herpes zoster, otherwise known as shingles, which is a painful vesicular rash in a dermatomal distribution. we present a case of foraminal disk extrusion that resulted in radicular pain in a dermatomal distribution. the resultant inflammatory response around the dorsal root ganglion triggered an episode of shingles, which elegantly highlights the pathophysiology o ... | 2018 | 28962964 |
| intraocular detection of herpesviruses by xtag liquid chip technology in patients with acute retinal necrosis. | to evaluate the performance of the xtag liquid chip technology (xtag-lct) for etiological diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis (arn). | 2017 | 28960122 |
| anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog) antibody-positive varicella-zoster virus myelitis presenting as longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis: a case report. | a 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of disturbed consciousness and gait disturbance. he had herpes zoster (hz) in his left thigh 10 days before admission, and motor paresis of four extremities developed. a dark red rash was observed in his left buttock and thigh (l2-3 region), which was also scattered in the right lower leg, chest wall, and both upper extremities. brain mri showed no lesions of demyelinating plaques. spine mri showed no abnormal signals in the lumbar region; h ... | 2017 | 28954973 |
| serological susceptibility to varicella among u.s. immigration and customs enforcement detainees. | u.s. immigration and customs enforcement (ice) is responsible for detaining unauthorized aliens during immigration proceedings. during 2014 to 2015, adult ice detainees at a california facility were invited to complete a survey concerning self-reported varicella history and risk factors. participants underwent serological testing for varicella-zoster virus (vzv) igg; susceptible individuals were offered varicella vaccination. among 400 detainees with available serology results, 48 (12%) were sus ... | 2018 | 28945148 |
| herpes zoster incidence and cost in patients receiving autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplant. | among patients receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (auto-hsct), this study estimated the incidence of herpes zoster (hz), compared healthcare costs among patients with and without hz, and evaluated antiviral prophylaxis (ap) use. | 2017 | 28945107 |
| pediatric vaccine-strain herpes zoster: a case series. | herpes zoster (hz) is caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (vzv), and typically causes a painful, vesicular, dermatomal rash in adults over the age of fifty. however, hz has been known to present in immunocompetent pediatric patients, which account for under 1% of total cases. pediatric cases are typically caused by natural infection with vzv, but among vaccinated children up to half of cases can be due to vaccine-strain vzv. we present two such cases of vaccine-strain hz in pedi ... | 2017 | 28944968 |
| protocol of a randomised controlled trial characterising the immune responses induced by varicella-zoster virus (vzv) vaccination in healthy kenyan women: setting the stage for a potential vzv-based hiv vaccine. | a protective hiv vaccine would be expected to induce durable effector immune responses at the mucosa, restricting hiv infection at its portal of entry. we hypothesise that use of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) as an hiv delivery vector could generate sustained and robust tissue-based immunity against hiv antigens to provide long-term protection against hiv. given that hiv uniquely targets immune-activated t cells, the development of human vaccines against hiv must also involve a specific examinati ... | 2017 | 28939581 |
| outer nuclear membrane fusion of adjacent nuclei in varicella-zoster virus-induced syncytia. | syncytia formation has been considered important for cell-to-cell spread and pathogenesis of many viruses. as a syncytium forms, individual nuclei often congregate together, allowing close contact of nuclear membranes and possibly fusion to occur. however, there is currently no reported evidence of nuclear membrane fusion between adjacent nuclei in wild-type virus-induced syncytia. varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is one typical syncytia-inducing virus that causes chickenpox and shingles in humans. ... | 2017 | 28910710 |
| slowly progressing varicella zoster brainstem encephalitis complicating ramsay hunt syndrome in an immunocompetent patient: case report and review of the literature. | a 56-year-old immunocompetent male developed brainstem encephalitis complicating ramsay hunt syndrome. the disease had a slowly progressing course of months after the triggering infection, much longer than previously reported. furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging, physical-chemical, and cell count analyses on cerebrospinal fluid were normal, whereas polymerase chain reaction for varicella zoster virus dna was positive. the simultaneous negativity of both imaging and basic csf exams is very ra ... | 2017 | 28905216 |
| appendicitis caused by primary varicella zoster virus infection in a child with digeorge syndrome. | chickenpox is caused by varicella zoster virus (vzv). although predominantly a mild disease, it can cause considerable morbidity and in rare occasions even mortality in healthy children as well as increased morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. the aetiology of appendicitis is largely unknown but is thought to be multifactorial. appendicitis is a suspected, but not well documented, complication from varicella zoster virus infection. | 2017 | 28900551 |
| prevalence of a history of prior varicella/herpes zoster infection in multiple sclerosis. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection has been implicated in multiple sclerosis (ms), but direct causal involvement has been disputed. nevertheless, knowledge of vzv exposure is important, given the risk of serious complications of first exposure while undergoing immunosuppressive treatment, in particular with fingolimod. we distributed questionnaires to ms clinic patients, requesting information about history of chickenpox, sibling/household/occupational exposure, history of zoster (shingles), ... | 2017 | 28895088 |
| varicella coinfection in patients with active monkeypox in the democratic republic of the congo. | from 2006 to 2007, an active surveillance program for human monkeypox (mpx) in the democratic republic of the congo identified 151 cases of coinfection with monkeypox virus and varicella zoster virus from 1158 suspected cases of human mpx (13%). using clinical and socio-demographic data collected with standardized instruments by trained, local nurse supervisors, we examined a variety of hypotheses to explain the unexpectedly high proportion of coinfections among the sample, including the hypothe ... | 2017 | 28894977 |
| enhancing case definitions for surveillance of human monkeypox in the democratic republic of congo. | human monkeypox (mpx) occurs at appreciable rates in the democratic republic of congo (drc). infection with varicella zoster virus (vzv) has a similar presentation to that of mpx, and in areas where mpx is endemic these two illnesses are commonly mistaken. this study evaluated the diagnostic utility of two surveillance case definitions for mpx and specific clinical characteristics associated with laboratory-confirmed mpx cases. | 2017 | 28892474 |
| genetic polymorphism of thymidine kinase (tk) and dna polymerase (pol) of clinical varicella-zoster virus (vzv) isolates collected over three decades. | genotypic resistance testing of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) strains to antivirals is of high relevance in immunocompromised patients with vzv reactivations unresponsive to therapy. however, the knowledge on mutations associated with natural gene polymorphism or resistance is limited. | 2017 | 28886462 |
| prevaccination epidemiology of herpes zoster in denmark: quantification of occurrence and risk factors. | herpes zoster (hz) is a vaccine-preventable disease caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. unfortunately, formulation of recommendations on routine immunization is hampered by a lack of data on disease burden, since most countries do not record cases of hz in the general population. we developed and validated an algorithm to identify hz based on routinely collected registry data and used it to quantify hz occurrence and risk factors in denmark prior to marketing of the hz vaccine. | 2017 | 28874322 |
| cerebrospinal fluid cxcl13 as a diagnostic marker of neuroborreliosis in children: a retrospective case-control study. | lyme neuroborreliosis (lnb) is a frequent manifestation of lyme disease in children and its current diagnosis has limitations. the elevation of the chemokine cxcl13 in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of adult patients with lnb has been demonstrated and suggested as a new diagnostic marker. our aim was to evaluate this marker in the csf of children with suspected lnb and to determine a cxcl13 cut-off concentration that would discriminate between lnb and other central nervous system (cns) infections ... | 2017 | 28859668 |
| zoster prophylaxis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation using acyclovir/valacyclovir followed by vaccination. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) disease (usually cutaneous zoster) occurs frequently after hematopoietic cell transplantation (hct), and postherpetic neuralgia (phn) results in poor quality of life. the optimal prophylaxis of vzv disease/phn has not been established. at our center, before 2008, vzv prophylaxis consisted of ∼1 year of post-hct acyclovir/valacyclovir ("old strategy"), whereas post-2008 prophylaxis consisted of 2 years of acyclovir/valacyclovir followed by immunization using varicella ... | 2016 | 29296807 |
| varicella zoster virus-associated neuroretinitis. | varicella zoster virus-associated neuroretinitis is rare. we report a patient who presented with blurred vision of the left eye and extraocular movement pain. a fundoscopic examination revealed disc edema, hyperemia, and macular edema. the impression was neuroretinitis. intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy was administered. however, visual recovery was incomplete with optical coherence tomography (oct) imaging showing photoreceptor layer disruption. the laboratory data were rechecked and ... | 2017 | 29018697 |
| vzv replication assays. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) is a human herpesvirus which causes varicella (chickenpox) upon primary infection and zoster (shingles) following reactivation from latency (von bokay, 1909). whilst vzv is extensively studied, inherent features of vzv replication, such as cell-association of virus particles during in vitro culture and a restricted host range (limited to humans and some other primates) mean the cellular and viral mechanisms underlying vzv reactivation and pathogenesis remain largely ... | 2014 | 29085851 |
| emerging concepts in the management of acute retinal necrosis. | acute retinal necrosis (arn), also known as kirisawa-type uveitis, is an uncommon condition caused by infection of the retina by one of the herpes family of viruses, most typically varicella zoster virus or herpes simplex virus and less commonly cytomegalovirus. clinical diagnosis can be challenging and is often aided by pcr-based analysis of ocular fluids. treatment typically involves extended use of one or more antiviral agents. long term retinal detachment risk is high. we review the literatu ... | 2013 | 23861500 |
| diffuse large b-cell lymphoma at the site of a herpes zoster scar. | herpes zoster, also known as shingles, occurs upon reactivation of a primary infection with varicella zoster virus (vzv). risk factors for reactivation include stress, older age, and immunosuppression, all of which are associated with a decrease in host immunity. common complications of herpes zoster include scarring and post-herpetic neuralgia (phn). cutaneous lesions such as granuloma annulare, lymphomas, and sarcoid granulomas have also been reported to potentially arise at the site of herpes ... | 2012 | 29147306 |
| varicella zoster virus vaccination policies and surveillance strategies in europe. | the incorporation of varicella zoster virus (zvv) vaccination in childhood immunisation schedules is becoming an increasingly common option in europe. the current study forms part of the european sero-epidemiology network 2 (esen2) organisational analysis for vzv and describes current passive immunisation policies, as well as current and proposed active immunisation strategies, and existing surveillance systems for diseases caused by the varicella zoster virus in esen countries. | 2005 | 29183476 |
| guillain-barré syndrome following varicella-zoster virus infection. | we describe the frequency, clinical features, and electrophysiological and immunological phenotypes of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) patients treated at a single institution in bangladesh who had preceding chicken pox (primary varicella-zoster virus [vzv] infection) within 4 weeks of gbs onset. a literature review of gbs cases preceding vzv infection is also provided. diagnosis of gbs was based on the national institute of neurological disorders and stroke criteria for gbs. serum anti-vzv igm an ... | 2018 | 29411189 |
| vzv orf63 protects human neuronal and keratinocyte cell lines from apoptosis and changes its localization upon apoptosis induction. | there are many facets of varicella zoster virus (vzv) pathogenesis that are not fully understood, such as the mechanisms involved in the establishment of lifelong latency, reactivation and development of serious conditions such as post herpetic neuralgia (phn). virus-encoded modulation of apoptosis has been suggested to play an important role in these processes. vzv open reading frame (orf) 63 has been shown to modulate apoptosis in a cell type specific manner, but the impact of orf63 on cell de ... | 2018 | 29593042 |
| varicella-zoster virus infection: natural history, clinical manifestations, immunity and current and future vaccination strategies. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is the etiologic agent of varicella (chicken pox), a childhood exanthematic disease that develops as a result of primary infection, and zoster (shingles), caused by reactivation of the virus persisting in a latent form in the dorsal sensory ganglia. although varicella is generally a mild self-limiting illness, in immunocompromised subjects and adults it can have a serious clinical course that can lead to permanent damage of the central nervous system. in these and in ... | 2018 | 29498740 |
| elevated serum substance p during simian varicella virus infection in rhesus macaques: implications for chronic inflammation and adverse cerebrovascular events. | varicella and zoster, produced by varicella-zoster virus (vzv), are associated with an increased risk of stroke that may be due to persistent inflammation and hypercoagulability. because substance p is associated with inflammation, hypercoagulability, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture that may contribute to increased stroke risk after vzv infection, we measured serum substance p in simian varicella virus-infected rhesus macaques. we found significantly increased and persistent serum substance p ... | 2020 | 32964407 |
| current in vivo models of varicella-zoster virus neurotropism. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv), an exclusively human herpesvirus, causes chickenpox and establishes a latent infection in ganglia, reactivating decades later to produce zoster and associated neurological complications. an understanding of vzv neurotropism in humans has long been hampered by the lack of an adequate animal model. for example, experimental inoculation of vzv in small animals including guinea pigs and cotton rats results in the infection of ganglia but not a rash. the severe combined ... | 2019 | 31159224 |
| simian varicella virus dna in saliva and buccal cells after experimental acute infection in rhesus macaques. | simian varicella virus (svv) infection of non-human primates is the counterpart of varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection in humans. to develop non-invasive methods of assessing svv infection, we tested for the presence of svv dna in saliva, as has been documented in human vzv infection, and in buccal cells to determine whether epithelial cells might provide a more reliable source of material for analysis. five rhesus macaques intratracheally inoculated with svv all developed varicella with vire ... | 2019 | 31143167 |
| varicella virus-host interactions during latency and reactivation: lessons from simian varicella virus. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus and the causative agent of varicella (chickenpox) in humans. following primary infection, vzv establishes latency in the sensory ganglia and can reactivate to cause herpes zoster, more commonly known as shingles, which causes significant morbidity, and on rare occasions mortality, in the elderly. because vzv infection is highly restricted to humans, the development of a reliable animal model has been challenging, and our understandin ... | 2018 | 30619226 |
| reactivation of simian varicella virus in rhesus macaques after cd4 t cell depletion. | rhesus macaques intrabronchially inoculated with simian varicella virus (svv), the counterpart of human varicella-zoster virus (vzv), developed primary infection with viremia and rash, which resolved upon clearance of viremia, followed by the establishment of latency. to assess the role of cd4 t cell immunity in reactivation, monkeys were treated with a single 50-mg/kg dose of a humanized monoclonal anti-cd4 antibody; within 1 week, circulating cd4 t cells were reduced from 40 to 60% to 5 to 30% ... | 2019 | 30404798 |
| a novel human skin tissue model to study varicella-zoster virus and human cytomegalovirus. | the herpesviruses varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) are endemic to humans. vzv causes varicella (chicken pox) and herpes zoster (shingles), while hcmv causes serious disease in immunocompromised patients and neonates. more effective, less toxic antivirals are needed, necessitating better models to study these viruses and evaluate antivirals. previously, vzv and hcmv models used fetal tissue; here, we developed an adult human skin model to study vzv and hcmv in culture ... | 2020 | 32878893 |
| complex interaction between mutant hnrnpa1 and ge of varicella zoster virus in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system causing axonal injury, neuronal loss, and atrophy of the central nervous system leading to permanent neurological and clinical disability. presence of mutations in m9 domain of hnrnpa1 and detection of autoantibodies against this domain in hnrnpa1 qualifies it as a strong candidate for causing ms. these two aspects indicate the presence of a facilitator in associating them. varicella zoster virus (vzv), known to cau ... | 2018 | 29996671 |
| evaluation of glycoprotein e subunit and live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccines formulated with a single-strand rna-based adjuvant. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv), a human alphaherpesvirus 3, elicits both chickenpox and shingles and/or postherpetic neuralgia. a live attenuated vaccine (lav) and glycoprotein e (ge) subunit vaccine were developed to prevent vzv-induced diseases. we recently reported that single-strand rna (ssrna) based on the intergenic region of the internal ribosome entry site of cricket paralysis virus (crpv) is an effective adjuvant for protein-based and virus-like particle-based vaccines. here, chinese hams ... | 2020 | 32167678 |
| uveitis sarcoidosis presumably initiated after administration of shingrix vaccine. | uveitis is a form of intraocular inflammation that can occur as a result of infection, injury, vaccination, or as a systemic manifestation of autoimmune or inflammatory diseases including sarcoidosis. sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that involves the formation of abnormal granulomas in multiple organ systems. the hallmark of sarcoidosis is a non-caseating granuloma seen on biopsy. here, we present a case report of a healthy 56-year-old caucasian female who presented with uveitis sarcoidos ... | 2019 | 31423396 |
| recombinant glycoprotein e of varicella zoster virus contains glycan-peptide motifs that modulate b cell epitopes into discrete immunological signatures. | a recombinant subunit vaccine (shingrix®) was recently licensed for use against herpes zoster. this vaccine is based on glycoprotein e (ge) of varicella zoster virus (vzv), the most abundantly expressed protein of vzv, harboring sites for n- and o-linked glycosylation. the subunit vaccine elicits stronger virus-specific cd4+ t cell response as well as antibody b cell response to ge, compared to the currently used live attenuated vaccine (zostavax®). this situation is at variance with the current ... | 2019 | 30813247 |
| induction of immune response and protective immunity by a local isolated varicella virus in animal model: a future candidates for vaccine production. | preparation of the indigenous varicella zoster vaccine could significantly reduce the disease burden of varicella zoster virus especially in immunosuppressed children. to achieve this goal, the varicella zoster virus was isolated from an 8 years boy infected with chicken pox. the virus was cultivated in sensitive cell line and determined varicella zoster. the adaptation and attenuation of virus was carried out after several passages in mrc-5 cell culture, primary guinea pig embryo fibroblast cel ... | 2018 | 30644703 |
| varicella-zoster virus and the enteric nervous system. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) infects and becomes latent in sensory, enteric, and other autonomic neurons during the viremia of varicella. reactivation of vzv in neurons that project to the skin causes the rash of zoster; however, reactivation of vzv in enteric neurons can cause a painful gastrointestinal disorder ("enteric zoster") without cutaneous manifestations. detection of vzv dna in saliva of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms may suggest enteric zoster. this diagnosis is reinforced b ... | 2018 | 30247599 |
| the tegument protein pul47 of marek's disease virus is necessary for horizontal transmission and is important for expression of glycoprotein gc. | viral tropism and transmission of herpesviruses are best studied in their natural host for maximal biological relevance. in the case of α-herpesviruses, few reports have focused on those aspects, primarily because of the few animal models available as natural hosts that are compatible with such studies. here, using marek's disease virus (mdv), a highly contagious and deadly alphaherpesvirus of chickens, we analyze the role of tegument proteins pul47 and pul48 in the whole life cycle of the virus ... | 2020 | 32999032 |
| identification and characterization of cd4+ t cell epitopes after shingrix vaccination. | infections with varicella zoster virus (vzv) are associated with a range of clinical manifestations. primary infection with vzv causes chicken pox. the virus remains latent in neurons and it can reactivate later in life causing herpes zoster (hz). two different vaccines have been developed to prevent hz, one based on a live attenuated vzv strain (zostavax) and the other on adjuvanted ge recombinant protein (shingrix). while zostavax efficacy wanes with age, shingrix protection retains its effica ... | 2020 | 32999027 |
| disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection complicated by encephalitis and ramsay hunt syndrome in an hiv patient. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is a human α-herpesvirus which cause primary varicella infection (chicken pox) or herpes zoster infection (shingles) after reactivation of the dormant virus. vzv infection is usually self-limited but disseminated infection can be seen in immunocompromised individuals. it can also get complicated by central nervous system (cns) involvement. we describe a case of a 51-year-old male with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who presented with altered mental status and def ... | 2020 | 32699727 |
| persistence of varicella-zoster virus-specific plasma cells in adult human bone marrow following childhood vaccination. | childhood immunization with the live-attenuated varicella-zoster virus (vzv) vaccine induces protective immune responses. routine vzv vaccination started only 2 decades ago, and thus, there are few studies examining the longevity of vaccine-induced immunity. here, we analyzed the quantity of vzv-specific plasma cells (pcs) and cd4 t cells in the bone marrow (bm) of healthy young adults (n = 15) following childhood vzv immunization. long-lived bm resident plasma cells constitutively secrete antib ... | 2020 | 32321817 |
| herpes zoster and its prevention by vaccination. | herpes zoster (hz; shingles) results from reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) after primary infection as varicella (chicken pox). it affects mainly older adults and people with immunocompromising diseases or treatments. the most common complication is postherpetic neuralgia (phn), which has significant adverse effects on quality of life and activities of daily living. since phn cannot be prevented once hz has occurred, and treatment is only modestly successful and is associated with sig ... | 2020 | 32305975 |
| rare case of post-varicella membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis presenting with massive proteinuria. | chicken pox caused by varicella zoster virus is usually a self-limiting disease causing rare life-threatening complications. involvement of the kidneys is infrequent during the course of the illness. literature shows rare reports of acute glomerulonephritis following varicella infection. we report a case of 16-year-old boy presenting with anasarca with characteristic healed rashes of chicken pox. his urinalysis revealed a 'massive' nephrotic range proteinuria (16 g/24 hours), gross hematuria and ... | 2020 | 32169983 |
| vaccination rate and immunity of children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease or autoimmune hepatitis in germany. | immunosuppressed patients are at risk of severe infections with vaccination preventable diseases. we evaluated vaccination rate and immunity of children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and autoimmune hepatitis (aih). | 2020 | 31879123 |