| effect of zoster immunoglobulin for varicella prophylaxis in the newborn. | zoster immunoglobulin (zig) was given for prophylaxis to 95 neonates born to mothers with perinatal varicella. the treatment had no influence on the clinical attack rate; 48 (50%) of the children developed varicella. however, the zig treatment clearly influenced the course of the disease for newborns at particular risk, i.e. when maternal varicella developed within 4 days before and 2 days after delivery. of 41 such neonates, 21 (51%) contracted varicella with an incubation mean time of 11 days. ... | 1985 | 3003888 |
| mapping of the varicella zoster virus deoxypyrimidine kinase gene and preliminary identification of its transcript. | the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) deoxypyrimidine kinase (dpk) gene was mapped by transfection of cloned viral dna fragments into thymidine kinase-deficient mouse l (ltk-) cells and subsequent biochemical transformation of these cells to the ltk+ phenotype. such transforming activity was limited to the bamhi-h and ecori-d fragments of the vzv genome, which overlap by 2.2 kb between map units 0.50 and 0.52. biochemically transformed cells were shown to contain a high copy number of viral dna seque ... | 1986 | 3004022 |
| thrombotic cerebral vasculopathy associated with herpes zoster. | we describe the clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings in 3 patients with large-vessel cerebral vasculopathy following herpes zoster. two of the patients were studied at postmortem examination, and a brain biopsy was performed in the third. each of the 3 patients suffered thrombotic occlusions of large vessels without notable inflammatory or granulomatous changes following trigeminal or segmental herpes zoster infection. in the 2 autopsied patients, varicella-zoster virus (vzv) antige ... | 1986 | 3004319 |
| [studies on leukocyte procoagulant activity antigenically stimulated by purified protein derivative and varicella virus antigen]. | | 1985 | 3004393 |
| varicella-zoster virus does not become more resistant to acyclovir during therapy. | | 1986 | 3005428 |
| typing of herpes simplex virus with synthetic dna probes. | three single-stranded oligonucleotide probes, 22 bases long, homologous to unique regions of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) and a region common to both were chemically synthesized with use of a modified phosphochloridite protocol. for hybridization experiments each probe was labeled with use of polynucleotide kinase and [gamma-32p] atp to a specific activity of approximately 2 x 10(9) cpm/micrograms. two hundred one clinical isolates of hsv (96 hsv-1 and 105 hsv-2) coll ... | 1986 | 3005436 |
| increased incidence of herpes zoster in normal children infected with varicella zoster virus during infancy: community-based follow-up study. | we surveyed outbreaks of varicella zoster virus (vzv) and herpes zoster virus, involving 31 outbreaks of chicken pox, in a semiclosed institution in osaka japan during the 34 years between 1949 and 1984. eight hundred forty-nine infants and children who had had clinical varicella during the first 4 years of life and those who had resided in the institution at least 12 to 144 months after the onset of varicella were included in the study. nine cases of zoster were observed among children who had ... | 1986 | 3005536 |
| role of respiratory viruses in exacerbations of primary nephrotic syndrome. | to determine whether respiratory virus infections (uri) are associated with exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome (ns) in childhood, a prospective two-winter study of 32 children with ns was done. we obtained pre- and post-season viral serologic studies, biweekly nose and throat viral cultures, daily urinalysis, biweekly telephone follow-up for uri and renal complaints, and clinical assessments as indicated. when a uri occurred, viral cultures were done weekly if the child was at home and twice wee ... | 1986 | 3005537 |
| new common nomenclature for glycoprotein genes of varicella-zoster virus and their glycosylated products. | the accumulation of recent data concerning the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies with particular varicella-zoster virus (vzv) glycoproteins and the mapping of several of their respective genes on the vzv genome has led to a unified nomenclature for the glycoprotein genes of vzv and their mature glycosylated products. homologs to herpes simplex virus glycoprotein genes are noted. | 1986 | 3005621 |
| differentiation of strains of varicella-zoster virus by changes in neutral lipid metabolism in infected cells. | eleven isolates of varicella-zoster virus were tested for their effects on the incorporation of [14c]acetate into lipids in infected human embryonic lung cells. by relative percent, all virus isolates demonstrated a shift from polar lipid synthesis to neutral lipid, especially triglyceride, synthesis. by data expressed as counts per minute per microgram of protein, the vzv strains could be separated into two groups: those strains which depressed lipid synthesis and those strains which did not de ... | 1986 | 3005627 |
| specific lysis of varicella zoster virus-infected b lymphoblasts by human t cells. | epstein-barr virus-transformed human b cells expressed cell surface varicella-zoster virus (vzv) antigens after superinfection with vzv although they did not form infectious centers in a plaque assay. the vzv-superinfected cells were lysed by autologous vzv-stimulated t-cell lines and their derivative clones. the effector cells were specific for vzv and an hla dr antigen and were t4+. the specificity of lysis of epstein-barr virus-transformed, vzv-superinfected targets by prestimulated mononucle ... | 1986 | 3005647 |
| complete dna sequence of the short repeat region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. | we report the complete dna sequence of the short repeat region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1, as 6633 base pairs of composition 79.5% g+c. this contains immediate early gene 3, encoding the ie175 protein, an important transcriptional activator of later virus genes. the ie175 coding region was identified as a 3894 base sequence of 81.5% g+c dna. the base composition of this gene is thus the most extreme yet determined, and the ie175 predicted amino acid composition is corresponding ... | 1986 | 3005980 |
| alphaherpesviruses possess a gene homologous to the protein kinase gene family of eukaryotes and retroviruses. | the us3 genes of herpes simplex virus serotypes 1 and 2, and the corresponding gene of varicella-zoster virus, encode proteins whose sequences are clearly homologous to members of the protein kinase family of eukaryotes and retroviruses. similarity is most characteristic, and strongest, in an 80 residue region comprising part of the catalytic structure of the kinases. in this region the herpesvirus proteins are most like a yeast cell division control protein, and least like the retrovirus protei ... | 1986 | 3005981 |
| acyclovir prophylaxis in bone marrow transplant recipients. | forty-two patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation were included in a randomised, double-blind and placebo controlled trial of prolonged acyclovir prophylaxis against infections with viruses of the herpes group. twenty patients were allocated to receive acyclovir and 22 to receive placebo. acyclovir or placebo was administered i.v. at a dose of 250 mg/m2 twice daily, starting 5 days before transplantation. at 5 weeks after transplantation, administration was changed to tablets, 400 mg thr ... | 1985 | 3006228 |
| herpesvirus infection in man. | herpesviruses which affect man are herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus. the review deals with the more common clinical manifestations of human herpesvirus infections, which occur ubiquitously in all populations throughout the world. primary infections most commonly occur in childhood. it is a characteristic feature of herpesvirus that they generally remain in a latent form after clearance of the primary infection. the overall maj ... | 1985 | 3006233 |
| virological aspects on herpesvirus infections. | the family herpesviridae include five important human pathogens, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv). the five viruses are represented in all three herpesvirus subfamilies, a subdivision based on differences in phenotypic properties such as length of replication cycle, cytotoxic properties and host cell range. the herpesviruses have dna genomes sharing characteristic anatomical features. they replicate in the nuclei of eukaryo ... | 1985 | 3006235 |
| susceptibility to varicella-zoster virus in thai children and young adults. | during 1982-1983, susceptibility to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in 224 thai subjects at high risk for varicella infection was studied. the immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha) and vz skin test were carried out to determine vzv immunity in immunocompromised children and young adults. the history of varicella and herpes zoster from each subject was recorded. the mean +/- sd age in children and young adults were 7.3 +/- 2.8 and 19.6 +/- 1.2. negative iaha test was found in 74.2% of 62 children ... | 1985 | 3006266 |
| a comparison of the tzanck smear and viral isolation in varicella and herpes zoster. | we compared the usefulness of the tzanck smear to viral culture in patients with varicella and herpes zoster. all 11 patients with early lesions of varicella had a positive tzanck preparation, while only seven (64%) of 11 had a positive culture. twelve (80%) of 15 patients with zoster had a positive tzanck preparation, while only nine (60%) of 15 had a positive culture. the predominance of the tzanck yield over the culture is probably due to the increased difficulty in isolation of the varicella ... | 1986 | 3006599 |
| [bone marrow transplantation in severe aplastic anemia]. | bone marrow transplantations were performed on 15 patients (aged 5-39 years) with severe aplastic anaemia. twelve patients are alive 76-1930 days (median 668 d) after transplantation, with complete haematopoetic recovery. total-body radiation with 3.6 gy in four patients, cyclosporin a administration to ten patients and buffy-coat transfusion to nine patients entirely prevented early rejection. two patients died of pneumonia (aspergillus; varicella-zoster virus), one patient died of bleeding fro ... | 1986 | 3007066 |
| human immune responses to herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster and cytomegalovirus in vitro. | the cell principally responsible for lymphocyte proliferation to herpes simplex virus (hsv), varicella-zoster (vz) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) has been shown to be a t cell of helper phenotype. lymphocytes from a proportion of proliferation-positive normal individuals produced anti-viral antibody in vitro. although in some cases, and at some time-points, the antibody was specific for the priming virus, in others, antibodies to more than one virus were detected. similarly, some t-cell clones prolif ... | 1986 | 3007334 |
| brief report: susceptibility of filipino nurses to the varicella-zoster virus. | following an outbreak of varicella, 18% of a group of 174 young female filipino nurses ranging in age from 20 to 25 years and working at the american university of beirut medical center (aumc) were found susceptible to the varicella-zoster virus; as compared to 3% of a matched group of 133 of their lebanese colleagues. the level of antibody was determined by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). those susceptible were assigned duties in low-risk areas to varicella-zoster in the hospital ... | 1986 | 3007385 |
| evolutionary comparisons of the s segments in the genomes of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus. | the genomes of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) consist of two covalently joined segments, l and s. each segment comprises an unique sequence flanked by inverted repeats. we have reported previously the dna sequences of the s segments in these two genomes, and have identified protein-coding regions therein. in hsv-1, the unique sequence of s contains ten entire genes plus the major parts of two more, and each inverted repeat contains one entire gene; in vzv, t ... | 1986 | 3007657 |
| cerebrospinal fluid cytology using a cytocentrifuge in the early diagnosis of cause of meningitis. | | 1985 | 3007863 |
| cytomegalovirus (cmv) infections in renal transplant recipients. preliminary results of prophylaxis by an intramuscular human hyperimmune cmv igg. | infectious diseases are the most serious complications in immunosuppressed patients and the major cause of death in renal transplant recipients (23, 44). besides bacterial, fungal and protozoan infections, viruses of the human herpes group (herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus) are known to be of major importance (21, 37). the most common and clinically relevant virus of this group is the cytomegalovirus (cmv). | 1985 | 3008312 |
| clinical experiences with phosphonoformate (foscarnet) treatment of viral diseases following renal transplantation. | the effect of the antiviral drug phosphonoformate (foscarnet) was studied in 32 patients following renal transplantation. viral diagnosis was verified in 29 of 33 episodes of suspected clinical virosis. the clinical effect of foscarnet was good in 12 of 14 primary cytomegalovirus infections. in 5 of 7 varicella-zoster virus, in 4 of 6 secondary cytomegalovirus and in 2 herpes simplex virus (type 1; type 2) infections the effect of the treatment was clinically judged as good. the beneficial effec ... | 1985 | 3008316 |
| application of immune adherence hemagglutination test in the screening of blood donors carrying a high titer antibody to varicella-zoster virus. | the immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha) test was compared with the complement fixation (cf) test and fluorescent antibody (fa) test to measure the antibody titer to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in 70 sera of convalescents 2 to 8 weeks after herpes zoster onset. the iaha titer correlated with the fa titer, but not with the cf titer which was lower than the iaha and fa titers. then, the iaha test was used for screening of blood donors with a high titer (higher than 64 units) of antibody to vz ... | 1986 | 3008376 |
| demonstration of nk cell-mediated lysis of varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-infected cells: characterization of the effector cells. | infection with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) rendered raji cells more susceptible to lysis by non-adherent blood lymphocytes. at an effector to target ratio of 80:1 the mean percentage of 51cr release of vzv-infected raji cells was 41 +/- 12%, whereas that of uninfected raji cells was 15 +/- 6%. the increased susceptibility to lysis was associated with increased effector to target conjugate formation in immunofluorescence binding assays. the effector cells cytotoxic for vzv-infected raji cells we ... | 1986 | 3009620 |
| clinical and subclinical reactivations of varicella-zoster virus in immunocompromised patients. | the frequencies of reactivated disease due to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in immunocompromised patients were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody and also by the lymphocyte proliferation response to vzv antigen. subclinical reactivations were as common as classical herpes zoster in all patient groups. among bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients, 36% developed herpes zoster and 26%, a subclinical reactivation. the corresponding frequencies for patients with leukemia dur ... | 1986 | 3009635 |
| interferon response to mitogens and viral antigens in elderly and young adult subjects. | | 1986 | 3009640 |
| [clinico-pathological studies on herpes zoster; [i]. changes in antibody titers on herpes zoster]. | | 1986 | 3009931 |
| [antiviral chemotherapy]. | after a discussion of the principles of antiviral chemotherapy, treatment and chemoprophylaxis of the following virus infections are reviewed in detail: the various manifestations of herpes simplex virus infections, varicella-zoster, cytomegalovirus infections, epstein-barr virus infections, laryngeal papillomas, and influenza a. special reference is made to the treatment of immunocompromized patients. acycloguanosine (acyclovir) has been found particularly useful in the treatment of herpes simp ... | 1986 | 3010086 |
| inhibitory effects of selected antiviral compounds on newly isolated clinical varicella-zoster virus strains. | nine anti-herpes compounds, idoxuridine (idu), bromovinyldeoxyuridine (bvdu), bromovinylarabinofuranosylurasil (bvarau), carbocyclic bromovinyldeoxyuridine (c-bvdu), chloroethyldeoxyuridine (cedu), acyclovir (acv), dihydroxypropoxymethylguanine (dhpg), adenine arabinoside (ara-a), and phosphonoformate (pfa) were examined for their inhibitory activities against the replication of twenty-six newly isolated clinical strains of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in human embryonic fibroblast cell cultures ... | 1986 | 3010502 |
| excretion of varicella-herpes zoster virus in breast milk. | two cases involving breast-feeding and varicella-herpes zoster virus infection are presented. the possibility of viral excretion in the breast milk and its effects on continued breast-feeding are discussed. in neither case was the virus isolated from the breast milk. | 1986 | 3010724 |
| use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed directly on fixed infected cell monolayers for evaluating drugs against varicella-zoster virus. | an in situ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), performed directly on fixed varicella-zoster virus-infected monolayers, was used to quantitate viral antigen, and by color reduction it was used to evaluate the activity of drugs against varicella-zoster virus. color production in the elisa (optical density) was directly related to the dose of input virus. antigen representing 5 to 10 plaques could be detected 3 days after infection. the elisa was specific and reproducible, as shown by absorp ... | 1985 | 3010838 |
| inoculation of guinea pigs with varicella-zoster virus via the respiratory route. | guinea pigs were inoculated by the respiratory route with wild-type (cyr) or vaccine (oka) strain varicella zoster virus (vzv). wild-type cell-free virus obtained by sonication produced neutralizing antibody responses in steroid-treated animals when given via the intratracheal route, and induced neutralizing antibody as well as a pneumonitis in normal animals when given via the intrabronchial (i.b.) route. a humoral response also followed i.b. instillation of cell-associated wild-type or vaccine ... | 1986 | 3010908 |
| paralysis in herpes zoster. | herpes zoster is a relatively common disease which affects predominantly the middle-aged and elderly. the segmentally distributed cutaneous eruption, sensory changes, and pain make up the well known zoster syndrome. motor loss is another aspect of this syndrome which is less well known but occurs in a significant number of cases, and is probably far more frequent than is recognised because the weakness is readily obscured by pain. four cases of herpes zoster with motor involvement are described. ... | 1985 | 3010924 |
| hospital experience with varicella-zoster virus. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv), one of the most common highly communicable agents of disease, stimulates aggressive infection control measures. in a 1-year period, at one hospital, at least 93 inpatients (82 adult patients, 11 pediatric patients) and 2 hospital staff with active varicella-zoster infections served as potential sources of nosocomial infection. six incidents of exposure to the virus that occurred without the protection of standard infection control precautions were investigated by th ... | 1986 | 3011693 |
| sensitivity of different assay systems for immunoglobulin m responses to varicella-zoster virus in reactivated infections (zoster). | an immunoglobulin m response to varicella-zoster virus was detected in 70% of zoster patients by solid-phase radioimmunoassay, in 52% by indirect immunofluorescence, in 48% by neutralization on sucrose density gradient fractions, and in 27% by an antibody class capture enzyme immunoassay. the patients showed marked variations in their varicella-zoster virus immunoglobulin m responses detectable in the different assays. | 1986 | 3011851 |
| intrauterine infection with varicella-zoster virus after maternal varicella. | we investigated the consequences of maternal infection with varicella-zoster virus in a prospective study of 43 pregnancies complicated by varicella and 14 pregnancies complicated by herpes zoster. nine of 43 pregnant women with varicella had associated morbidity--pneumonia (4 women), death (1), premature labor (4 of 42), premature delivery (2 of 42), and herpes zoster (1). intrauterine varicella infection was identified on the basis of clinical evidence (anomalies characteristic of the congenit ... | 1986 | 3012334 |
| dna sequence of the herpes simplex virus type 1 gene encoding glycoprotein gh, and identification of homologues in the genomes of varicella-zoster virus and epstein-barr virus. | we have determined the sequence of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna around the previously mapped location of sequences encoding an epitope of glycoprotein gh, and have deduced the structure of the gh gene and the amino acid sequence of gh. the unprocessed polypeptide is predicted to contain 838 amino acids, and to possess an n-terminal signal sequence and a c-terminal transmembrane sequence. temperature-sensitive mutant tsq26 maps within the predicted gh coding sequence. homologous genes were ide ... | 1986 | 3012465 |
| cellular immunity to vaccinations and herpesvirus infections after bone marrow transplantation. | the cellular immune response to herpesviruses was studied in 46 recipients of marrow grafts (23 autologous, 23 allogeneic). that study was performed in vitro by evaluating the degree of lymphocyte proliferative responses to herpes simplex virus (hsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and varicella zoster virus (vzv). no primary infections with any of those viruses were noted after bone marrow transplantation (bmt). the incidence of active infection in seropositive patients was significantly lower after au ... | 1986 | 3012833 |
| identification and structure of the gene encoding gpii, a major glycoprotein of varicella-zoster virus. | the genome of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) encodes three major families of glycoproteins (gpi, gpii, and gpiii). mrna from vzv-infected cells was hybrid selected using a library of vzv recombinant plasmids and translated in vitro; polypeptide products were immunoprecipitated by polyclonal monospecific guinea pig antibodies to gpii. the mrna encoding a 100-kd polypeptide precipitable by anti-gpii antibodies mapped to the hindiii d fragment near the center of the ul region. dna sequence analysis o ... | 1986 | 3012867 |
| thrombocytopenic purpura following varicella-zoster vaccination. | acute thrombocytopenia developed 3 weeks after the vaccination of a child with leukemia with v-z vaccine. this is the first case of postvaccinal thrombocytopenia to be reported following v-z vaccine. the risk to leukemic children of postvaccinal thrombocytopenia would appear to be less than 1%. note added in proof: the patient remained seronegative until the eighth month following vaccination. her fama titer then rose to 1:32, probably as a result of exogenous reinfection with v-z virus. | 1986 | 3013041 |
| comparison of susceptibilities of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex viruses to nucleoside analogs. | the susceptibilities of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) to 17 nucleoside analogs were compared by a plaque reduction assay with human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. the susceptibility of vzv to certain nucleoside analogs was different from that of hsv-1. against vzv the 5-halogenovinyl-arabinosyluracils were the most potent of the compounds tested. | 1986 | 3013088 |
| development of an immunofluorescence test for the serodiagnosis of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. | an indirect immunofluorescence test has been developed and evaluated for the serodiagnosis of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (hzo) by the detection of antivaricella zoster virus (vzv) antibody. the results show that, in patients with hzo, anti-vzv igg antibody titre usually rises rapidly after onset. one hundred and seven of the 134 sera (80%) from patients with a clinical diagnosis of hzo had an anti-vzv igg titre of greater than or equal to 256, and igm antibody at a level of 1 in 8 was present in ... | 1986 | 3013281 |
| varicella-zoster-specific immune responses in acute herpes zoster during a placebo-controlled trial of oral acyclovir therapy. | during a placebo-controlled trial of oral acyclovir therapy for acute zoster in immunocompetent patients, we examined the blastogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and antibody titers in both placebo and acyclovir recipients to determine whether the drug affected the cell-mediated or humoral immune responses. proliferative responses to mitogens and two dilutions of varicella-zoster virus antigen were not inhibited when fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells were simultaneously ... | 1986 | 3013495 |
| [neurological complications and therapy in herpesvirus diseases]. | an overview on the diversity of neurologic complications of infections with different human herpes virus strains is given. encephalitis, meningoencephalitis and the guillain-barré-syndrome are of major importance. affection of single cranial nerves and mononeuropathies occur in a lesser frequency, while myelitis and isolated disturbances of the autonomic nervous system are rare complications. therapeutically the application of acyclovir in herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infections has ... | 1986 | 3013738 |
| herpes zoster: a possible early clinical sign for development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in high-risk individuals. | zoster is uncommon before the age of 50 years in immunologically normal individuals, but it occurs with increased frequency in people who are immunosuppressed. a retrospective review of 300 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with kaposi's sarcoma, revealed that 8% had prior zoster, a rate that is sevenfold greater than historic controls of the same age. we prospectively examined forty-eight patients, with no known immunodeficiency or signs of aids or aids related complex ... | 1986 | 3013955 |
| rapid assay for antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) using a vzv-hem preparation. | a freeze-dried, formalized-erythrocytes-bound vzv antigen for indirect haemagglutination, vzv-hem, was prepared. it was used to test serologically 46 children, all of them patients of prague paediatric clinics, with a known history of chickenpox. for comparison, the same sera were tested by the indirect haemagglutination reaction with freshly prepared vzv antigen and by elisa. all three serological tests gave congruent results in 97.8% of cases. the advantages of the vzv-hem assay are results ob ... | 1986 | 3013988 |
| a longitudinal study of varicella immunity in pediatric renal transplant recipients. | | 1986 | 3014014 |
| varicella zoster virus is a cause of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. | we studied two blind eyes enucleated during the active phase of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. both eyes showed similar histopathologic findings of necrotizing retinitis, retinal arteritis, and optic neuropathy. a virus morphologically consistent with a herpes group virus was found on electron microscopy and immunocytopathologic stains showed this virus to be varicella zoster in both cases. varicella zoster virus was cultured from the vitreous of one of the eyes. we conclude that varicella ... | 1986 | 3014414 |
| active immunization against varicella. proceedings of a symposium. munich, november 29 and 30, 1984. | | 1985 | 3014465 |
| varicella vaccine in children with chronic renal insufficiency. | this study reports the antibody response and clinical follow-up of uraemic children awaiting kidney transplantation after administration of the oka-strain varicella vaccine (varilirix). seroconversion was observed in 20 out of 23 patients found to be seronegative when tested by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen technique, and an antibody booster response was observed in 41 out of 47 seropositive patients. mild clinical varicella occurred in 5 vaccinated patients and herpes zoster in 3 ... | 1985 | 3014466 |
| experience with the live oka-strain varicella vaccine in children with solid tumours. | a comparative evaluation of radioimmunoassay (ria), indirect immunofluorescence, fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen, competitive inhibition ria, and complement fixation methods for determining the immune status to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) showed that ria was the most sensitive test. however, this test is still not regarded as being entirely satisfactory and possible reasons are discussed. to date, 28 children, mainly with solid tumours, have been inoculated with the oka-strain live var ... | 1985 | 3014467 |
| worldwide experience with the oka-strain live varicella vaccine. | sufficient safety and efficacy data have been obtained on a live varicella vaccine (varilrix, smith kline-rit) derived from the oka-strain attenuated varicella-zoster virus to justify its recent licensure in several european countries for use in special indication groups. this review article summarizes the data obtained in japan, europe, and the united states. in addition, a survey of the published literature on clinical studies performed on as yet unlicensed oka-strain varicella vaccines produc ... | 1985 | 3014468 |
| live varicella vaccine in healthy individuals. | eight hundred healthy seronegative children and 32 adults were vaccinated with the oka-strain live attenuated varicella vaccine (varilrix), manufactured by smith kline-rit, belgium. the vaccine was safe (no side effects) in healthy individuals, highly immunogenic (dose-dependent induction of humoral antibodies and specific cell-mediated immune response), and highly protective against clinical varicella. the simultaneous administration of a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine together with the varicell ... | 1985 | 3014469 |
| live varicella immunization in healthy non-immune nurses. | thirty-four varicella-zoster virus (vzv) seronegative nurses were vaccinated with the live varicella vaccine (varilrix) and followed for periods of up to 36 months. no major vaccine reactions were observed. at 5 and 12 months, 94% of the nurses had seroconverted but at 3 years, only 64% retained antibody activity. however, lymphocyte transformation to vzv antigen was positive in 7 seronegative nurses, all of whom had previously seroconverted. the one nurse who developed chickenpox had not seroco ... | 1985 | 3014470 |
| delayed hypersensitivity skin test to detect susceptibility to varicella and zoster. | a crude varicella skin-test antigen corresponding to an inactivated partly-purified high-titre varicella oka-strain vaccine was prepared at smith kline-rit. it was used for a delayed hypersensitivity skin test in 60 healthy adults for determination of their immune status. the findings were analysed according to the presence or absence of humoral antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (vzv), and of a specific cell-mediated immune (cmi) response as measured by the vzv-specific lymphocyte transformat ... | 1985 | 3014471 |
| restoration of varicella-zoster virus cell-mediated immune response after varicella booster vaccination. | in older age groups, an increasing proportion of healthy adults with a positive varicella history have lost their capacity for a cell-mediated immune (cmi) response to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) antigen despite the presence of virus-specific humoral antibodies. while it remains a matter of speculation whether this decline is connected with a predisposition to herpes zoster, it is known that a second zoster attack is rare in immunocompetent individuals. in order to determine whether the vzv-spe ... | 1985 | 3014472 |
| stimulation of specific immune response to varicella antigens in the elderly with varicella vaccine. | ageing is associated with several immune defects that probably lead to the increased incidence of zoster observed after the 5th decade. in a double-blind study to assess an eventual stimulation of the specific immune response against the varicella-zoster virus by vaccination, either the oka-strain live varicella vaccine or a placebo was administered to 30 healthy volunteers over 70 years of age, after a 4-week pretreatment period with either zinc acetate as an immunostimulant or a placebo. speci ... | 1985 | 3014473 |
| the future of varicella vaccine. | based on conservative figures, an estimated 60 million varicella-zoster cases occur annually worldwide, highlighting the global significance of this disease. the development of a viable varicella vaccine, therefore, raises important questions as to the indications for its use in normal children, normal seropositive and seronegative adults, and immunocompromised patients. a review of the available data addresses the potential future role of the varicella vaccine in these groups. | 1985 | 3014474 |
| management of varicella-zoster contact and infection in pregnancy using a standardized varicella-zoster elisa test. | an ongoing 5-year prospective study of the outcome of contact with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and infection in pregnant women has made use of a standardized vzv enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of immune status and as a guide for therapeutic management. out of of a total of 778 such cases investigated to date in the federal republic of germany, 93.1% have been shown to be vzv immune, whereas 6.9% were seronegative and, therefore, susceptible to infection. those of the la ... | 1985 | 3014475 |
| attenuation and laboratory markers of the oka-strain varicella-zoster virus. | a live varicella vaccine was developed by serial passages of the oka-strain varicella-zoster virus (vzv), isolated in our laboratory, in human embryonic lung cells and guinea-pig embryonic fibroblasts (gpef). it is slightly temperature sensitive at 39 degrees c and shows a higher ratio of infectivity in gpef to that in human embryonic fibroblasts (huef) than wild-type strains, indicating that it is a variant in thermosensitivity and host dependency. a dna digest with the hpai enzyme of the oka s ... | 1985 | 3014476 |
| laboratory markers of immunity to varicella-zoster virus. | clinical and subclinical reinfection with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in healthy persons may occur despite detectable neutralizing antibodies in serum. subclinical reinfection is not uncommon, but clinical reinfection is rare. therefore, detectable anti-vzv antibody correlates with a subclinical course after reinfection rather than with immunity to reinfection. cell-mediated immunity (cmi) to vzv appears to be a better indicator of immunity. skin testing may be a simple and reliable test for cm ... | 1985 | 3014477 |
| production and quality control of the oka-strain live varicella vaccine. | the smith kline-rit live attenuated oka-strain varicella vaccine (varilrix) is manufactured following the seed lot principle, with each vaccine lot derived from the same working seed. production of the vaccine basically consists in the multiplication of the working seed under standardized, well-defined conditions guaranteeing consistency of the vaccine lots. quality control tests, determining the vaccine's purity, safety, potency, and efficacy, are carried out at each defined stage of the produc ... | 1985 | 3014478 |
| clinical experience with oka live varicella vaccine in japan. | a live varicella vaccine (oka strain) has been developed and used since 1974 in normal and diseased children, particularly those at high risk. children with acute leukaemia were usually vaccinated while in remission when showing a normal cell-mediated immunity as assessed with phytohaemagglutinin (pha) or other reagents, and during suspension of all anticancer therapy, except 6-mercaptopurine from 1 week before to 1 week after vaccination. while clinical reactions were observed in only 40 out of ... | 1985 | 3014479 |
| active immunization against varicella of children with acute leukaemia or other malignancies on maintenance chemotherapy. | twenty-six patients with acute leukaemia and other malignancies susceptible to varicella were vaccinated with the oka-strain live attenuated varicella vaccine during maintenance chemotherapy. all recipients showed no adverse clinical reactions. there was no spread of vaccine virus. seroconversion was 94% in seronegative patients. among those having low antibody titres before vaccination, a booster effect was demonstrable in 56%. none of the seroconverted recipients contracted varicella despite d ... | 1985 | 3014480 |
| clinical and pathogenetic aspects of varicella-zoster. | in this review article the pathogenetic mechanisms of infection with the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and its short- and long-term clinical consequences are discussed. it is concluded that the impact of vzv is severe enough to seriously consider widespread immunization against it. | 1985 | 3014481 |
| a multicentre trial of live attenuated varicella vaccine in children with leukaemia in remission. | two hundred forty children with acute leukaemia in remission for at least 1 year were immunized with live attenuated varicella vaccine. all were susceptible to varicella before immunization. there was a seroconversion to varicella-zoster virus in approximately 85% after 1 dose, and in 97% after 2 doses. the major side effect was mild to moderate rash, seen mainly in children with maintenance chemotherapy suspended for 1 week before and 1 week after vaccination. vaccinees with rash were at some r ... | 1985 | 3014482 |
| early results of a trial of the oka-strain varicella vaccine in children with leukaemia or other malignancies in sweden. | nineteen children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or other malignancies, aged 3-13 years, with negative histories of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and of whom 5 were still on regular maintenance chemotherapy, were vaccinated with the oka-strain varicella vaccine. mild systemic reactions, involving low-grade fever of a few days duration, were recorded in 4 of the vaccinees. two of them also developed an extremely sparse rash. a mild local reaction at the vaccination site was observed in 1 child ... | 1985 | 3014483 |
| vaccination of children with malignant disease against varicella. | nineteen seronegative children and one young adult with malignant disease in remission and on maintenance chemotherapy were immunized with the oka-strain live attenuated varicella vaccine (varilrix). side effects were moderate and a rash was seen in 50% of the patients after vaccination. humoral immune response to the vaccine was tested by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (fama) test, a simpler indirect immunofluorescence test (ift), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). ... | 1985 | 3014484 |
| immunization of children with malignant diseases with the oka-strain varicella vaccine. | twenty children with different malignancies were vaccinated using an oka-strain varicella vaccine (varilrix) obtained from smith kline-rit. until now, no serious side effects to the vaccine have been observed and none of the vaccinees have had a varicella infection during this period. nine children have been tested for cell-mediated immune responses against varicella antigen. antibodies against varicella have been measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. tests were performe ... | 1985 | 3014485 |
| live varicella vaccine in severely immunodepressed children. | one dose containing 3,100 pfu of a live attenuated oka-strain varicella vaccine (varilrix, smith kline-rit, belgium) was administered subcutaneously to 45 children, 26 of whom were suffering from acute leukaemia and 19 from solid malignant tumours. their immunological status had been severely compromised by chemotherapy as evidenced by markedly low values for all immunological parameters. of the 31 children seronegative for varicella at the time of vaccination, 70%, 85%, 75%, and 40% had varicel ... | 1985 | 3014486 |
| live varicella vaccine: the third act? | | 1986 | 3014771 |
| replication of varicella zoster virus in raji cells. | this report provides evidence for the replication of varicella zoster virus (vzv) in raji cells. infection was achieved by co-cultivation of raji cells with vzv-infected human fibroblasts. replication of vzv, as assessed by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies against vzv-glycoproteins, ranged from 18 to 24% of the cells. electron microscopy detected complete virions within the membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles and free viral particles in the nuclear matrix as late as 12 days post-in ... | 1986 | 3014780 |
| acyclic guanosine analogs as substrates for varicella-zoster virus thymidine kinase. | this study was performed to obtain information on the enzymatic background to the antiviral activity of acyclic guanosine analogs. five acyclic guanosine analogs, the (r)- and (s)-enantiomers of 9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine, 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)guanine, 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine, and 9-[[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]guanine, were compared in enzyme kinetic experiments using purified varicella-zoster virus and human placenta mitochondrial thymidine kinase (tk). all analogs sho ... | 1986 | 3015002 |
| characterization of a varicella-zoster virus variant with altered thymidine kinase activity. | a varicella-zoster virus (vzv) strain resistant to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (idurd) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (brdurd) but sensitive to (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdurd) and (e)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (ivdurd) was isolated. the 2'-deoxythymidine (dthd) kinase of this mutant (ito) strain was characterized; it was much less efficient in phosphorylating dthd, 2'-deoxycytidine, and brdurd than were the dthd kinases from wild-type (caqu, kobayashi) vzv strains. the ito dthd kinas ... | 1986 | 3015014 |
| [serological study of the occurrence of herpesviridae in french guyana]. | 300 samples of serum (in seven age-groups) from the "creole" population of french guiana were tested for antibodies to the four human herpesviruses (hsv, vzv, cmv and ebv). results show the higher prevalence of cmv and ebv in early childhood, hsv primary infection appears to take place earlier in life than in temperate and developed countries, but later than in other tropical countries. the pattern of vzv epidemiology in french guiana is consistent with what is known in tropical countries: varic ... | 1986 | 3015441 |
| immunity to varicella-zoster viral glycoproteins, gp i (gp 90/58) and gp iii (gp 118), and to a nonglycosylated protein, p 170. | humoral and cellular immunity against two major glycoproteins (gp) of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), gp i (gp 90/58) and gp iii (gp 118), and against a nonglycosylated phosphoprotein (p 170) was demonstrated in human subjects. primary vzv infection was accompanied by the development of igg to gp i (mean titer 1:200), gp iii (mean titer 1:132), and p 170 (mean titer 1:331). increased igg antibody production to each of the vzv proteins occurred during recurrent vzv infection with mean titers to gp ... | 1986 | 3016094 |
| early immune response in healthy and immunocompromised subjects with primary varicella-zoster virus infection. | events in pathogenesis and immunity during primary varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection were examined in 64 healthy subjects and 21 immunocompromised patients. activation of the interferon system and activation of circulating t lymphocytes were early immune responses that occurred during the incubation period in some healthy subjects. elevated levels of 2-5a synthetase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and detection of serum alpha interferon (ifn-alpha) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) wer ... | 1986 | 3016110 |
| identification of a varicella-zoster virus origin of dna replication and its activation by herpes simplex virus type 1 gene products. | we have identified and characterized an origin of dna replication in the genome of the human herpesvirus, varicella-zoster virus (vzv). this origin of replication (vzv oris) is located within the major inverted repeats in a position equivalent to that occupied by one of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) replication origins. products encoded by both vzv and hsv-1 activate cloned copies of vzv oris, generating high molecular weight molecules consisting of tandem duplications of the input pla ... | 1986 | 3016156 |
| lymphocyte-associated viremia in varicella. | varicella-zoster virus was isolated from mononuclear cells from seven immunocompetent children with varicella during the late incubation period and during the acute phase of the disease. the cells from which the virus was isolated were nonphagocytic and did not adhere to the surface of plates. the results indicate lymphocyte-associated viremia at the time of onset of varicella. | 1986 | 3016166 |
| nucleic acid hybridization for detection of herpes viruses in clinical specimens. | a diagnostic hybridization assay for detecting varicella zoster virus (vzv), herpes simplex virus (hsv), and epstein-barr virus (ebv) in different clinical specimens was developed using cloned viral dnas as probes. all probes detected at least 5 pg of homologous dna and did not cross-react with other viral or cellular dna. results of cell culture, serology, and dna assay were highly concordant. using a simple standardized protocol for preparation of specimens, hybridization, and washing procedur ... | 1986 | 3016169 |
| putative glycoprotein gene of varicella-zoster virus with variable copy numbers of a 42-base-pair repeat sequence has homology to herpes simplex virus glycoprotein c. | a strain variation of varicella-zoster virus that maps to the ul region of the genome was found to be due to different copy numbers of a high gc 42-base-pair repeat. dna sequence analysis of this variable region showed the sequence to be 5-gcgggatcgggctttcggg(a/t)agcggccgaggtgggcgcgacg-3. strains scott and webster both contain 7 and 32/42 copies of the repeat, whereas strain oka has exactly 4 copies less. microheterogeneity exists within the repeated sequences, depending on the strain and the re ... | 1986 | 3016329 |
| the relationship of the herpesvirus family to sudden hearing loss: a prospective clinical study and literature review. | the herpesvirus family is associated with sudden hearing loss syndrome and the evidence includes clinical findings (hv-z), temporal bone studies (cmv and hv-z), and serologic studies. the data presented demonstrate that herpes infections, in association with sudden viral hearing loss, occur as part of a multiple viral infection in 70% of instances. this feature is unique to the herpesvirus infections when compared to other neurotropic viral agents. the study also demonstrates that the variables ... | 1986 | 3016434 |
| the properties and sequence of glycoprotein h of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the map position of the coding sequence of glycoprotein h of herpes simplex virus type 1 was determined by marker transfer studies in which dna fragments cloned from a virus resistant to neutralisation by an anti-gh monoclonal antibody were used to transfer antibody resistance to wild type virus dna following cotransfection. the gh coding sequence was mapped to the bglii "m" fragment of hsv-1 dna (map coordinates 0.27-0.312), confirming the map position previously determined by intertypic recomb ... | 1986 | 3016991 |
| vestibular neuronitis--serum and csf virus antibody titer. | the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) findings of patients with vestibular neuronitis were virologically evaluated and discussed in contrast to those of herpes zoster. csf samples obtained from seven patients with vestibular neuronitis, aged 28 to 55 years, were examined. the results were as follows: the csf protein level in the vestibular neuronitis showed the peculiar change; i.e. its level was normal at the onset period of vertigo, but it rose to abnormal levels mostly in the period of two weeks, whi ... | 1986 | 3017280 |
| a varicella-zoster immunization certification form for hospital employees. | | 1986 | 3017879 |
| the complete dna sequence of varicella-zoster virus. | the entire dna sequence of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was determined using the m13-dideoxynucleotide technology. the genome is variable in size, but the sequence which was obtained comprises 124884 bp. analysis of the sequence indicated that the genome contains 70 genes distributed about equally between the two dna strands. the genes are organized compactly, but regions of overlap between protein-coding regions are not extensive. many of the genes are arranged in 3'-coterminal families, and at ... | 1986 | 3018124 |
| analysis of varicella-zoster virus dnas of clinical isolates by endonuclease hpai. | the dnas of 20 strains of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) isolated from epidemiologically unrelated individuals, and of 15 strains isolated from vesicles of vaccinees with varicella or zoster after vaccination, were compared by restriction enzyme cleavage using hpai. differences were found in the sizes of the hpai-f, -g and -k fragments of the wild strains. the gel migration patterns of the hpai-f and -g fragments, but not of the hpai-k fragment, were polymorphic in the different strains isolated f ... | 1986 | 3018125 |
| antibodies against herpes simplex virus in a group of healthy humans without reactions to herpes simplex virus antigens in blasttransformation assays. | 22 healthy individuals with different reactions in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus (hsv), as found in complement-fixation, neutralization, and blasttransformation assays have been further investigated using antibody-dependent cell-mediated immunity (adcc) as a serological test. sera from all individuals were absorbed on hsv-infected, varicella zoster virus (vzv)-infected or uninfected cell monolayers, before they were used in adcc with hsv-infected cells, as target. th ... | 1986 | 3018253 |
| use of lambda gt11 to isolate genes for two pseudorabies virus glycoproteins with homology to herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins. | a library of pseudorabies virus (prv) dna fragments was constructed in the expression cloning vector lambda gt11. the library was screened with antisera which reacted with mixtures of prv proteins to isolate recombinant bacteriophages expressing prv proteins. by the nature of the lambda gt11 vector, the cloned proteins were expressed in escherichia coli as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins. the fusion proteins from 35 of these phages were purified and injected into mice to raise antisera. the a ... | 1986 | 3018284 |
| varicella in day care centers. | spread of varicella in day care is controlled by excluding children at the first signs of illness. exclusion is generally ineffective. minimally ill children might be permitted to attend day care. this approach may lead to exposure of those in high-risk groups, i.e., adults or immunocompromised children. morbidity is greater in adults, but susceptibility among day care workers is probably low. immunocompromised children can be vaccinated or given varicella-zoster immune globulin (vzig) after exp ... | 1986 | 3018890 |
| production of specific antibodies by cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes in patients with herpes zoster, mumps meningitis and herpes simplex virus encephalitis. | we applied a new method consisting of short-term culture (18 h) of lymphocytes from cerebrospinal fluid (csf-l) and peripheral blood (pbl) in viral antigen-coated elisa plates and subsequent measurement of igg and igm antibodies bound to antigen. utilizing mumps virus, herpes simplex virus (hsv), varicella zoster virus (vzv), and measles virus as antigens, we demonstrated production by csf-l of antibodies against the aetiological agent only in all patients with mumps meningitis and hsv encephali ... | 1986 | 3018917 |
| polypeptides encoded by varicella-zoster virus unique short sequences. | the sali-i and k dna fragments which lie within the unique short sequences (us) and contain a portion of the inverted repeat sequences (irs/trs) of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna were cloned in an in vitro transcription vector system (pgem-2). rna was transcribed from both strands, translated in vitro and analyzed by sds-page. the results showed that sali-i and k each codes for three primary translation products. polypeptides with mrs of 19,000 (19k), 47k, 93k/90k are encoded by sali-i and pol ... | 1986 | 3019038 |
| reye's syndrome. salicylate metabolism, viral antibody levels, and other factors in surviving patients and unaffected family members. | to investigate possible etiologic factors for reye's syndrome (rs), five survivors and their unaffected family members were studied. this study showed low salicylate levels among the patients with rs compared with siblings and parents when challenged with three doses of aspirin. thus, the patients with rs, three to ten years after having had rs, exhibited normal or increased ability to metabolize aspirin. we found significantly higher antibody levels to influenza a and varicella among the patien ... | 1986 | 3019125 |
| congenital varicella syndrome. | the authors are reporting a typical case of congenital varicella syndrome following maternal varicella during the 17th week of pregnancy. at birth, the newborn showed necrotic bullae on the skin that healed later with characteristic scars. other typical anomalies, i.e. hypoplastic limbs with muscular atrophy and clubfoot, intrauterine atrophy, dysphagia and anisocoria were also found. in view of the risk of serious malformations following intrauterine varicella infection attempts should be made ... | 1986 | 3019895 |
| susceptibility to varicella-zoster virus among adults at high risk for exposure. | the adult health care provider who is susceptible to varicella zoster virus (vzv) represents a risk to her or himself and to patients. nineteen percent of employees at this children's hospital had no or uncertain prior experience with vzv, and of these, 28% were found to be vzv susceptible, representing 5% of the total population of 2,730 hospital employees. during the 12 months of study, six of the potential 135 to 137 vzv-susceptible individuals acquired varicella. vzv-susceptible health care ... | 1986 | 3019915 |
| dna sequence of the major capsid protein gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the dna sequence of the region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome encoding the major capsid protein was determined. the predicted protein contains 1374 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 149,075. comparisons of the amino acid sequence of this protein with those predicted from the published dna sequences of two other herpesviruses, varicella-zoster virus and epstein-barr virus, resulted in the identification of the major capsid protein gene in each genome. | 1986 | 3020164 |
| viral conjunctivitis with special reference to adenovirus type 37 and enterovirus 70 infection. | the clinical and etiological findings in 727 patients with viral conjunctivitis treated from january 1982 through december 1984 at aoki eye clinic in sapporo, japan, were presented. the age of the patients ranged from 11 days to 88 years, and the monthly incidences of the disease from 18 to 131 cases, with a clustering in the summer season. the etiological diagnosis was established in 399 (54.9%) of the 727 patients: adenovirus (ad) 3 in 45 cases; ad4 in 98 cases; ad8 in 57 cases; ad19 in 23 cas ... | 1986 | 3020290 |