| [pediatric kidney transplants and herpesvirus infections]. | twenty seven children were followed up prospectively after renal transplant for evidence of infection and illness due to cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv) and varicella zoster virus (vzv). virus shedding and serological status were tested at transplant day, biweekly for two months, monthly for six months and trimestrialy thereafter. determinations were done by complement fixation test. cmv isolation was established by microscopic examination of urinary cultures. primary infections ... | 1987 | 2821861 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of carbocyclic analogues of xylofuranosides of 2-amino-6-substituted-purines and 2-amino-6-substituted-8-azapurines. | (+/-)-(1 alpha,2 beta,3 alpha,5 alpha)-3-[(2,5-diamino-6-chloro-4- pyrimidinyl)amino]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-cyclopentanediol (7) was synthesized from 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine and the carbocyclic xylofuranosylamine (+/-)-(1 alpha,2 beta,3 alpha,5 alpha)-3-amino-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-cyclopentanediol (2) by subsequent preparation of the 5-[(4-chlorophenyl)azo] derivative of the resulting pyrimidine and reduction of the azo moiety with zinc and acetic acid. the carbocyclic analogue of 2-amino ... | 1987 | 2822928 |
| varicella-zoster virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (tc): detection and frequency analysis of hla class i-restricted tc in human peripheral blood. | the cytotoxic t-cell (tc) response to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is incompletely characterized. we investigated whether vzv-specific tc restricted by class i products of the major histocompatibility complex can be generated from the peripheral blood of vzv-immune donors. cell lines were established from peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) of seropositive donors by secondary in vitro restimulation. if cell-free vzv was used as the stimulating antigen, the resulting lines were predominantly cd4+ ... | 1987 | 2822954 |
| [(e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-desoxyuridine--a new nucleoside analog with selective inhibitory action against herpesviruses. studies in cell culture and animal experiments]. | (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (1; brvudr) inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in vitro at concentrations of 0.01 to 0.23 mumol/l, whereas herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is influenced only at 5.5 to 27 mumol/l. in comparison to some classical and newly developed antiherpetics, i. e. 5-iodo-2'-desoxyuridine (2; idoxuridine, idu), 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (4; vidarabine ara-a), 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine (5; ... | 1987 | 2823299 |
| [the genome structure and molecular epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus]. | | 1987 | 2823476 |
| comparison of historical and serologic immunity to varicella-zoster virus in 373 hospital employees. | | 1987 | 2823644 |
| detection of varicella-zoster virus nucleic acid in neurons of normal human thoracic ganglia. | tissue sections from four normal human thoracic ganglia were hybridized in situ with a varicella-zoster virus-rna probe. varicella-zoster virus was detected in two of four ganglia, localized exclusively in neurons. the detection of latent varicella-zoster virus genetic material in thoracic ganglia provides further evidence of varicella-zoster virus latency at multiple levels of the human neuraxis and supports the notion that the neuron is the primary site of herpesvirus latency. | 1987 | 2823688 |
| non-herpes simplex encephalitis is early exclusion of herpes simplex etiology possible? | since effective antiviral treatment is available for herpes simplex encephalitis (hse), early diagnosis or exclusion of herpes simplex etiology is essential for prognosis. in a retrospective study of 25 cases of acute viral encephalitis not caused by herpes simplex virus (non-hse), we investigated whether hse can be excluded in the early phase before serological evidence is present. using clinical means, history, investigations of csf (protein, cells), eeg, and cct, hse could not be excluded wit ... | 1987 | 2824204 |
| cell-mediated immunity to varicella-zoster virus infection in strain 2 guinea pigs. | young adult male strain 2 guinea pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) cultured in fetal guinea pig tissue cultures. lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2 secretion in response to viral antigen challenge in vitro were measured at weekly intervals for 2 months and periodically thereafter. vzv-specific immunity was apparent 2 weeks after infection, peaking after 2 weeks (lymphoproliferation) or 1-2 months (interleukin 2 secretion). diminished but significant a ... | 1987 | 2824676 |
| detection of antibody to viral proteins following primary infection with herpes simplex virus. | sera from patients with primary genital infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv) were tested by immunoblotting (ib) and radioimmunoprecipitation (rip) analysis to determine the protein targets of antibody elicited by infection. the two tests detected antibody to different antigens: ib primarily detected reactivity with p40, a phosphorylated capsid protein, and rip detected antibody to glycoprotein b, a viral envelope component. furthermore, rip detected antibody at an earlier stage of infection ... | 1987 | 2824685 |
| varicella vaccine licensing in 18 to 24 months? | | 1987 | 2824866 |
| immunoglobulin subclass antibodies to varicella-zoster virus. | commercially available mouse monoclonal antibodies to human igg subclass (igg1 to igg4) were applied to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure igg subclass-specific antibodies to varicella-zoster virus in children naturally infected with varicella-zoster virus and in varicella vaccine recipients. in children naturally infected with varicella-zoster virus, igg 1 antibody was detected 2 weeks after onset of the disease in all cases, its activity increased at 1 month after onset, and almos ... | 1987 | 2825110 |
| pneumonia in the immunocompromised child. | certain types and causes of pneumonia are unique to the immunocompromised host. the most frequent causes are cytomegalovirus, pneumocystis carinii, varicella zoster virus, candida species and aspergillus species. lymphoid interstitial pneumonia has recently been recognized in children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. with the exception of varicella-zoster pneumonitis, an invasive procedure, such as open lung biopsy, is required to establish a definitive diagnosis. infrequent causes o ... | 1987 | 2825316 |
| varicella-zoster virus gpi and herpes simplex virus ge: phosphorylation and fc binding. | gpi, the predominant varicella-zoster virus (vzv) envelope glycoprotein, was shown to be phosphorylated exclusively on serine and threonine residues, and phosphorylated gpi was detected in isolated virions. in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), a related neurotropic alpha-herpesvirus, hsv ge, the homolog to vzv gpi, and hsv gb, the homolog to vzv gpii, were also phosphorylated. the phosphate on gb and ge was alkali labile and resistant to endo h, suggesting linkage to serin ... | 1987 | 2825425 |
| ribonucleotide reductase induced by varicella zoster virus. characterization, and potentiation of acyclovir by its inhibition. | an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cdp to 2'-dcdp in the presence of dithiothreitol (dtt) was detected in ammonium sulfate fractionated-extracts of varicella zoster virus (vzv)-infected cells. this ribonucleotide reductase was antigenically distinguishable from the isofunctional eucaryotic enzyme as well as the ribonucleotide reductases induced by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2). the vzv-induced enzyme was purified to the extent that most of the contaminating enzymes ... | 1987 | 2825724 |
| processing and presentation of cell-associated varicella-zoster virus antigens by human monocytes. | to determine whether viral antigens associated with infected cells were processed for presentation to t cells, we cultured human blood mononuclear cells (mnc) from varicella-zoster virus (vzv) immune donors with vzv-infected fibroblasts of known hla type which had been fixed in 0.05% glutaraldehyde. after 7-8 days of culture thymidine uptake by t4+ cells exceeded that of t8+ cells. stimulated cells were depleted of adherent cells and restimulated with vzv-infected fibroblasts from donors matched ... | 1987 | 2826056 |
| laboratory diagnosis of herpesvirus infections. | the diagnosis of infection due to herpesviruses can be performed by several laboratory techniques, including virus culture, demonstration of virus-specific cellular antigens, detection of virus-induced serum antibodies, detection of viral nucleic acids (using radiolabeled probes), or visualization of histologic changes in infected tissue. virus culture is the most sensitive technique for diagnosis of most infections due to herpes simplex virus (hsv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv), but is insensitive ... | 1987 | 2826074 |
| comparison of five assays for antibody to varicella-zoster virus and the fluorescent-antibody-to-membrane-antigen test. | three commercially available assays (the varicelisa test kit [whittaker m.a. bioproducts, walkersville, md.], the vzv indirect fluorescent-antibody test [electro-nucleonics, inc., columbia, md.], and the litton vzv bio-enzabead screen kit [litton bionetics, inc., charleston, s.c.]) and two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays used in our laboratory, one using a membrane-associated antigen and the other using a soluble antigen dotted on nitrocellulose paper, were compared with a varicella-zoster vi ... | 1987 | 2826532 |
| specificity of skin test with varicella-zoster virus antigen in varicella-zoster and herpes simplex virus infections. | specificity of the skin test with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) antigen was examined in guinea pigs infected with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 or vzv and in children with a history of hsv infection who developed varicella. infected guinea pigs responded positively only to homologous virus. no cross-reaction between hsv and vzv was detected in the skin test, as well as in the neutralization test in infected guinea pigs, suggesting that the vzv skin test is specific for immunity to vzv infecti ... | 1987 | 2826535 |
| rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibody to varicella-zoster virus. | | 1988 | 2826610 |
| acyclovir prevents dissemination of varicella in immunocompromised children. | fifty immunocompromised children with varicella who exhibited no signs of dissemination were treated with intravenous acyclovir or placebo in a double-blind, randomized study. twelve of 25 placebo recipients were withdrawn from treatment because of their deteriorating condition and were given open acyclovir therapy; only one of 25 recipients of acyclovir was similarly withdrawn (p less than .001). among those patients who did not receive open treatment, acyclovir significantly reduced time to fu ... | 1988 | 2826611 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of viral dna from a patient with bilateral herpes zoster lesions. | | 1988 | 2826618 |
| varicella in a gorilla. | naturally occurring varicella was observed in a young gorilla in captivity. the isolate was demonstrated to be varicella-zoster virus by restriction enzyme analysis. | 1987 | 2826674 |
| synthesis and antiviral properties of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxycytidine-related compounds. | treatment of 3',5'-di-o-acetyl-(e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (2) with p-chlorophenyl phosphorodichloridate and 1,2,4-triazole gave 1-(3,5-di-o-acetyl-2-deoxy-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-(e)-5-(2-br o movinyl)- 4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-2(1h)-one (3). reaction of 3 with ammonia gave (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxycytidine (1), the overall yield from 2 being 60%. a similar 4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) derivative (4) was obtained from 3',5'-di-o-acetyl-thymidine by the use of phosphoryl chl ... | 1988 | 2826786 |
| structures of herpes simplex virus type 1 genes required for replication of virus dna. | recently, a method has been developed to identify regions in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) which contain genes required for dna synthesis from an hsv-1 origin of dna replication, and seven genomic loci have been identified as representing the necessary and sufficient gene set for such replication (c. a. wu, n. j. nelson, d. j. mcgeoch, and m. d. challberg, j. virol. 62:435-443, 1988). two of the loci represent the well-known genes for dna polymerase and major dna-binding prot ... | 1988 | 2826807 |
| [acute lymphocytic meningitis with intrathecal production of igg-specific varicella zoster virus antibodies]. | | 1987 | 2826940 |
| 5-substituted 2'-fluoro-arabinonucleosides as potential antiviral agents. | in order to study the electronic effects of 5-substituents of 2'-fluoro-ara-u on antiviral activity, eight nucleosides were synthesized and screened for their activity. preliminary in vitro studies revealed that 5-thiocyano-, 5-hydroxy- and 5-formyl-ara-u are moderately active against hsv-1, hsv-2 and vzv, but they are also cytotoxic. none of these showed significant activity against cmv. | 1987 | 2827131 |
| nosocomial varicella: worth preventing, but how? | | 1988 | 2827533 |
| a simplified plaque assay for varicella vaccine. | a simple and accurate plaque assay is described for potency testing of attenuated varicella vaccine. assays were performed on the african green monkey kidney continuous cell line cv-1, in multidish-plates, under a semi-solid carboxymethylcellulose overlay. the test is economical and yields accurate individual titre estimates, the reliability of which may be assessed by parallel titration of reference preparations. | 1987 | 2828397 |
| history, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacology of acyclovir. | a screening program for antiviral drugs begun at burroughs wellcome in the 1960s resulted in the discovery of acyclovir in 1974. preclinical investigation brought the drug to clinical trials in 1977 and the first form of the drug (topical) was available to physicians in 1982. activity of acyclovir is greatest against herpes 1 and herpes 2, less against varicella zoster, still less against epstein-barr, and very little against cytomegalovirus. acyclovir is an antiviral agent only after it is phos ... | 1988 | 2828440 |
| [a seroepidemiological study of varicella]. | | 1987 | 2828485 |
| variation of r1 repeated sequence present in open reading frame 11 of varicella-zoster virus strains. | we molecularly cloned the tandem direct reiteration (r1) present in open reading frame (orf) 11 from three independent strains of varicella-zoster virus. comparison of the r1 sequences among varicella-zoster virus strains revealed that, although the portion of r1 near the 5' terminus of orf 11 was conserved among strains, the 3'-terminal portion varied remarkably. this variation was due to the different arrangement of two elements (a and b) and a segment produced by fusion of a and b and to a si ... | 1988 | 2828661 |
| conservation of gene organization in the lymphotropic herpesviruses herpesvirus saimiri and epstein-barr virus. | by analyses of short dna sequences, we have deduced the overall arrangement of genes in the (a + t)-rich coding sequences of herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) relative to the arrangements of homologous genes in the (g + c)-rich coding sequences of the epstein-barr virus (ebv) genome and the (a + t)-rich sequences of the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) genome. fragments of hvs dna from 13 separate sites within the 111 kilobase pairs of the light dna coding sequences of the genome were subcloned into m13 vec ... | 1988 | 2828671 |
| identification and characterization of a varicella-zoster virus dna-binding protein by using antisera directed against a predicted synthetic oligopeptide. | we have identified, in varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-infected cells, the product of the gene predicted to code for the vzv analog of the herpes simplex virus major dna-binding protein. the open reading frame of the vzv gene has the potential to code for a protein with a predicted molecular weight of 132,000 (a 132k protein). to detect the protein, a 12-amino-acid oligopeptide corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of the putative open reading frame was synthesized and used to prepare antisera in ... | 1988 | 2828675 |
| the risk of zoster after varicella vaccination in children with leukemia. | we examined the incidence of zoster in 346 children with underlying acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were immunized with live attenuated varicella vaccine while in remission. we also compared a subset of 84 of these children with a matched group of 84 children with leukemia who had had natural infection with varicella. of the 346 vaccinated children, 5 (1.45 percent) became infected with zoster after 10,878 months of observation, for an incidence of 0.552 case per 100 person-years. among the mat ... | 1988 | 2828948 |
| [minor symptoms in family practice: herpes labialis]. | | 1988 | 2829037 |
| nih conference. varicella-zoster virus infections. biology, natural history, treatment, and prevention. | during the last 10 years, there have been major advances in the understanding of varicella-zoster virus and the diseases it causes. the molecular biology of the virus is being unraveled with the aid of new molecular technologies. varicella, usually a benign manifestation of primary infection, and zoster, a result of reactivation of latent virus, can cause considerable morbidity in patients with immune impairment. antiviral drugs, especially acyclovir, ameliorate severe infections but still have ... | 1988 | 2829675 |
| pharmacokinetics of acyclovir suspension in infants and children. | eighteen children from 3 weeks to 6.9 years of age were given an oral acyclovir suspension for herpes simplex or varicella-zoster virus infections. thirteen patients who were 6 months to 6.9 years old received 600 mg/m2 per dose, and three infants and two children less than 2 years old were given 300 mg/m2 per dose. the drug was given four times a day, except to one infant who was treated with three doses a day. among the 13 children who received the 600-mg/m2 dose, the maximum concentration in ... | 1987 | 2829714 |
| [seroepidemiologic studies in 63 patients given organ transplants in relation to cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, varicella-zoster and htlv-iii: validity and limits]. | we carried out a seroepidemiological study on 63 patients undergoing organ transplantation in order to determine viral markers like cmv, htlv iii, hs and v/z. the antibodies valuation was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa-abbott) and complement fixation test. all the tested markers give a high percentage of positivity even if the values relevant to anti-htlv iii antibodies can not be related to infection but, probably, to anti-hla-dr antibodies. | 1987 | 2829945 |
| chronic hiv encephalitis--i. cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis. | to establish a reliable procedure for the early detection of central nervous system involvement in hiv infection, paired cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples of 59 patients were analysed. fifteen were hiv antibody positive without clinical symptoms (stage i), 12 had lymphadenopathy syndrome or aids-related complex (stage ii), and 32 had aids (stage iii). intrathecal synthesis of hiv antibodies was determined by a modified elisa. antibodies in csf and serum were evaluated at identical immunoglob ... | 1988 | 2830432 |
| [use of specific intravenous varicella-zoster immunoglobulins in the prevention of varicella in immunocompromised children: clinical and serological evaluation]. | | 1987 | 2830480 |
| transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus by herpesviruses. | we examined the interaction of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and herpes group viruses. for this purpose, a chimeric plasmid (pltr-cat) was constructed in which the long terminal repeat (ltr) sequences derived from a molecular clone of hiv were fused to a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat). transient expression assays in transfected tissue culture cells were used to monitor the activity of the ltr. basal levels of cat activity were measured in hela and human lung fibrobla ... | 1987 | 2830574 |
| a gene for dihydrofolate reductase in a herpesvirus. | the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) is found ubiquitously in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. it is essential for de novo synthesis of purines and of deoxythymidine monophosphate for dna synthesis. among viruses, however, only the t-even and t5 bacteriophage have been found to encode their own dhfr. in this study a gene for dhfr was found in a specific subgroup of the gamma or lymphotropic class of herpesviruses. dna sequences for dhfr were found in herpesvirus saimiri and herpesvirus atel ... | 1988 | 2830673 |
| varicella zoster virus infections. | | 1988 | 2830722 |
| identification and expression of a human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein with homology to the epstein-barr virus bxlf2 product, varicella-zoster virus gpiii, and herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein h. | an open reading frame with the characteristics of a glycoprotein-coding sequence was identified by nucleotide sequencing of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) genomic dna. the predicted amino acid sequence was homologous with glycoprotein h of herpes simplex virus type 1 and the homologous protein of epstein-barr virus (bxlf2 gene product) and varicella-zoster virus (gpiii). recombinant vaccinia viruses that expressed this gene were constructed. a glycoprotein of approximately 86 kilodaltons was immun ... | 1988 | 2831402 |
| [vaccine against varicella-zoster]. | | 1987 | 2831610 |
| varicella-zoster virus infection and immunization in the healthy and the immunocompromised host. | | 1988 | 2832088 |
| human cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic t cells: their precursor frequency and stage specificity. | human virus-specific cytotoxic t (tc) cells may be important in maintaining the virus/host equilibrium during persistent herpes virus infections such as that with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). we have previously shown that hcmv-specific tc cells are present in peripheral blood in normal asymptomatic seropositive individuals (l. k. borysiewicz et al., eur. j. immunol. 1983. 13: 804). in this study we have used limiting dilution analysis to estimate the precursor frequency of these tc cells and to ... | 1988 | 2832181 |
| science, society, and changing viral-host relationships. | | 1988 | 2832426 |
| linear iga deposition associated with cutaneous varicella-zoster infection: a case report. | the homogeneous linear deposition of iga along the basement membrane zone of uninvolved skin is a distinguishing feature of linear iga dermatosis in adults and chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood. although linear iga deposition may be seen in other cutaneous diseases, to our knowledge, there are no previous reports of a direct association with cutaneous infection. we describe the finding of intense fluorescence, in a linear pattern, of iga at the basement membrane zone in an elderly man with ... | 1988 | 2832459 |
| severe and recurrent varicella-zoster virus infection in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | we report a case of recurrent varicella-zoster virus infection in a patient with severe acquired immune deficiency syndrome in whom the infection has become clinically unresponsive to treatment with acyclovir. | 1988 | 2832482 |
| live attenuated varicella vaccine in healthy 12- to 24-month-old children. | we studied live attenuated oka/merck varicella vaccine in 147 seronegative children 12 to 24 months of age and their 94 seronegative older siblings 2 to 12 years of age. the vaccine side effects were mild, consisting of a papular rash in 15 of 147 (10.2%) children 12 to 24 months and seven of 94 (7.4%) siblings. in a subset of 12- to 24-month-old children, modified fluorescent antibody test for membrane antigen was not detectable at seven days postimmunization but was detectable in 50% by 14 day ... | 1988 | 2832819 |
| expression of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in normal human trigeminal ganglia. | lysates of radiolabeled explants from four human trigeminal ganglia were immunoprecipitated with antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and to herpes simplex virus. both herpes simplex virus- and vzv-specific proteins were detected in lysates of all four ganglia. absence of reactivity in ganglion explants with monoclonal antibodies suggested that herpes simplex virus and vzv were not reactivated during the culture period. in situ hybridization studies demonstrated the presence of rna transcr ... | 1988 | 2832852 |
| directionality and further mapping of varicella zoster virus transcripts. | our laboratory previously identified and preliminarily mapped 58 viral rna transcripts in varicella zoster virus (vzv) infected cells (ostrove et al., 1985). this study was initiated to more precisely map these transcripts, to identify additional transcripts, and to determine transcript directionality. to accomplish this, 32 overlapping bamhi, ecori, and smai fragments representing 99.7% of the genome were cloned into pgem-2, a plasmid which contains a multiple cloning site flanked by sp6 and t7 ... | 1988 | 2833048 |
| expression of varicella-zoster virus in blood mononuclear cells of patients with postherpetic neuralgia. | postherpetic neuralgia (phn), the most frequent complication of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) reactivation, is characterized by pain that persists for greater than 1 mo and often for years after zoster rash. to examine whether phn might be related to reactivation of vzv, blood mononuclear cells of patients with phn were tested for the presence of vzv dna and proteins. vzv dna was detected in the mononuclear cells of one phn patient. vzv-specific proteins were detected in mononuclear cells of two ... | 1988 | 2833752 |
| [chemotherapy of varicella-zoster virus infection]. | | 1987 | 2833837 |
| [an electron microscopic observation on cells infected with varicella-zoster virus]. | | 1987 | 2833839 |
| the epidemiology of infection with the human herpesviruses in navajo children. | investigations of serum antibody status to the five human herpesviruses--herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, and varicella-zoster virus--were conducted on 197 navajo children, aged 1-15 years, at a reservation pediatric outpatient clinic in crownpoint, new mexico, from 1981-1984. to determine the severity of infection with the human herpesviruses, the authors reviewed lifetime medical records of 166 of the children for evidence of herpes ... | 1988 | 2833854 |
| enhancement of a secondary antibody response to vesicular stomatitis virus "g" protein by ifn-gamma treatment at primary immunization. | ifn-gamma is a secreted polypeptide product of stimulated t lymphocytes with immunomodulatory properties as well as antiviral activity. we have investigated the effects of ifn-gamma treatment on a neutralizing antibody response to vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) when administered in conjunction with immunization using purified envelope glycoprotein "g" of vsv. administration of rifn-gamma to mice or cattle at the time of primary immunization with vsv g glycoprotein enhanced the magnitude of a s ... | 1988 | 2834443 |
| immunology of the varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins. | | 1988 | 2834465 |
| western blot analysis of antibody to varicella-zoster virus. | we used western blot (wb) to compare the igg response to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) after chickenpox (cp), zoster, and administration of a live attenuated varicella vaccine (lavv). after cp, 13 of 14 normal children had antibody to glycoprotein (gp) i (99 and 92 kilodaltons [kda]), 11 had antibody to gpii (133 kda), and 10 had antibody to gpiii (119 kda). bands at 150 and 35 kda were also seen in 13 and 11 sera, respectively. bands to gpi, gpii, and p35 were more intense after zoster than cp. ... | 1988 | 2834466 |
| [infection defense antigens against pathogenic viruses to human. infection defense antigens and genetic code--trend and progress of study on biomolecular analysis. f. varicella-zoster virus]. | | 1987 | 2834574 |
| [trends in research in developing new type of vaccines--aiming at efficacy and safety. chickenpox vaccine]. | | 1987 | 2834579 |
| immunity to varicella zoster virus in children with leukaemia. | a total of 46% (32/70) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting to the hospital for sick children had a past history of chickenpox. when their immunity to varicella zoster virus (vzv) was assessed, 75% (24/32) had a positive lymphocyte transformation response to vzv antigen in tissue culture while 78% (25/32) possessed igg antibody against vzv. therefore, at least 22% of the children were probably susceptible to infection with vzv inspite of having a history suggestive of chicke ... | 1988 | 2834625 |
| factors influencing the duration of treatment of acute herpetic pain with sympathetic nerve block: importance of severity of herpes zoster assessed by the maximum antibody titers to varicella-zoster virus in otherwise healthy patients. | antibody responses to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were serially investigated by the complement-fixation test in 72 japanese of both sexes, suffering from herpes zoster (hz), but otherwise healthy. our objective was to elucidate whether there were mutual relationships among severities of skin lesion, maximum antibody titers to vzv, and duration of treatment for acute herpetic pain (ahp). patients were divided into 3 groups: mild group (n = 26), moderate group (n = 26) and severe group (n = 20), ... | 1988 | 2834685 |
| anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine inhibits replication of epstein-barr virus. | we show that the anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent, 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt), which suppresses infectivity and cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus, also effectively inhibits epstein-barr virus (ebv) dna replication. however, azt has no effect on four other human herpesviruses: cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. the combination of acyclovir and azt, while it is not synergistic, has an additive effect against ebv replicatio ... | 1988 | 2834997 |
| establishment by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of seronegative range for herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus antibodies and evaluation of heterologous responses to live varicella vaccine. | cord serum samples treated with staphylococcus protein a and an immune affinity column to remove immunoglobulin g were used to establish a seronegative range for herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus. no seroconversions or increased heterologous antibody levels to herpes simplex virus or cytomegalovirus were found in live varicella vaccine recipients. | 1988 | 2835393 |
| recombination in tissue culture between varicella-zoster virus strains. | several clinical varicella-zoster virus isolates obtained during testing of a live varicella vaccine had dna restriction fragment patterns resembling neither vaccine nor wild-type virus [gelb et al., j infect. dis. 155, 633-640, 1987]. one explanation for these isolates was recombination in vivo. to determine if such recombination is likely, two strains of varicella-zoster virus, distinguishable by restriction endonuclease fragment size differences (wild-type strain ef and the oka vaccine strain ... | 1988 | 2835429 |
| cell lines containing varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 62 and expressing the "ie" 175 protein complement icp4 mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1. | vero cells were cotransfected with psv2neo and a recombinant plasmid containing the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 62 (orf62). three neomycin-resistant cell lines were isolated and shown to complement two different icp4 mutants (tsb21 and d120) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 (hsv-1). vzv-specific rna could not be detected in these cell lines, but following infection with tsb21, a 4.3-kilobase vzv transcript was detected. this rna increased in quantity when cells were infec ... | 1988 | 2835512 |
| combined vaccine against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella. | a combined measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine produced seroconversions for all four components similar to that found if measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine or live varicella vaccine were given separately. in addition, those exposed to varicella were completely protected or had only a mild rash. moreover, the reaction rates were not increased if the vaccines were combined. the somewhat lower and delayed serologic response to live varicella vaccine as compared with the combined measles ... | 1988 | 2835743 |
| structural features of ribonucleotide reductase. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encodes a ribonucleotide reductase which comprises two polypeptides with sizes of 136,000 (rr1) and 38,000 mol. wt. (rr2). we have determined the entire dna sequence specifying hsv-1 rr1 and have identified two adjacent open reading frames in varicella-zoster virus (vzv) which have homology to hsv rr1 and rr2; the predicted sizes for the vzv rr1 and rr2 polypeptides are 87,000 and 35,000 mol. wt. respectively. amino acid comparisons with rr1 and rr2 polypeptid ... | 1986 | 2835765 |
| [severe pulmonary varicella in 7 non-immunodepressed adults]. | we report seven cases of seven pulmonary varicella occurring in seven adults without any previous history of known immunological deficit. in all the cases the vesicular eruption was diffuse, occurring after contact with a child presenting with benign varicella. the respiratory signs appeared five to seven days after the cutaneous signs. on admission there was significant hypoxaemia (pao2 = 35 to 47 mmhg on air), requiring positive pressure expiration (10 to 18 cmh2o) on mechanical ventilation (4 ... | 1988 | 2835800 |
| detection of varicella-zoster virus dna in cultured cells and tissue specimens by in situ hybridization using biotin-labeled probes. | a method of in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes is described for specific detection of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna in infected cell cultures and in human biopsied or autopsied materials. from molecularly cloned ecori-fragments of vzv dna, we selected as probes for in situ hybridization three fragments (b, h, and k) which had any detectable homology neither with human cell dna nor with dnas of vzv-related viruses (herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2 and human cytomegalovirus). the ... | 1987 | 2836643 |
| a proposed mild type of acute retinal necrosis syndrome. | six patients had peripheral to midperipheral pale yellow retinal exudates typical of acute retinal necrosis syndrome but which extended gradually to the posterior pole and remained isolated without becoming confluent. these exudates resulted in localized retinochoroidal degeneration without retinal detachment, in contrast to acute retinal necrosis syndrome. antibody titers in aqueous humor were increased to varicella-zoster virus in some of the patients examined. the findings led us to hypothesi ... | 1988 | 2837090 |
| the use of varicella vaccine in britain. | | 1988 | 2837305 |
| herpesvirus infections in pregnancy: risks to embryo, fetus, and neonate. | gestational herpesvirus infections can significantly alter the outcome of pregnancy. potential hazards to the embryo, fetus, or neonate are numerous and depend on several variables, including the specific virus involved, gestational timing of infection, and whether the infection is primary or recurrent in nature. this article reviews the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of maternal, fetal, and neonatal herpesvirus infections, methods for establishing an accurate etiologic diagnosis, and ... | 1988 | 2837355 |
| determination of immune status to measles, rubella, and varicella-zoster viruses among medical students: assessment of historical information. | we examined the serological susceptibility of entering medical students to measles, rubella, and varicella-zoster (vzv) viruses over a four-year period. serological results were then compared to historical information to ascertain whether undocumented histories of disease or vaccination could be used to identify students who may not need serological testing. for measles, historical information was of no benefit in predicting immunity. for vzv and, to a greater extent, rubella, a higher seroposit ... | 1988 | 2837919 |
| algorithms for identifying local molecular sequence features. | efficient algorithms are described for identifying local molecular sequence features including repeats, dyad symmetry pairings and aligned matches between sequences, while allowing for errors. specific applications are given to the genomic sequences of the epstein-barr virus, varicella-zoster virus and the bacteriophages lambda and t7. | 1988 | 2838137 |
| chronic progressive varicella-zoster virus encephalitis in an aids patient. | a patient with aids developed chronic, progressive encephalitis. pathologic changes indicated that the encephalitis was produced primarily by a human herpesvirus. hybridization of radiolabeled rna probes transcribed from cloned dna fragments of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and the human immunodeficiency virus to dna extracted from the patient's brain identified vzv as the causative agent. the results suggest that vzv should be considered in the differentia ... | 1988 | 2838767 |
| prominence of the herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript in trigeminal ganglia from seropositive humans. | although herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is known to reside latently in trigeminal ganglia between episodes of reactivation, the mechanisms involved in restricting the virus to this state are not understood. using in situ nucleic acid hybridization methods, we show that there is hsv-encoded rna in ganglion cells from 10 of 12 seropositive and zero of three seronegative patients studied at autopsy. transcripts mapping to the region encoding the immediate-early polypeptide icpo and the latency ... | 1988 | 2839575 |
| infections with cytomegalovirus and other herpesviruses in 121 liver transplant recipients: transmission by donated organ and the effect of okt3 antibodies. | one hundred twenty-one adult liver transplant recipients were studied for the incidence, risk factors, and morbidity associated with herpesviruses infections after transplantation. the overall incidence of infection was 59% for cytomegalovirus (cmv), 35% for herpes simplex virus (hsv), 25% for epstein-barr virus (ebv), and 7% for varicella-zoster virus (vzv). primary cmv infection occurred in 46% and reactivation cmv infection in 67% of the susceptible recipients. symptomatic and disseminated cm ... | 1988 | 2839576 |
| immunization of healthy adults with live attenuated varicella vaccine. | live attenuated varicella vaccine was administered to healthy varicella-susceptible adults. of 187 adults immunized with the oka strain of vaccine, seroconversion to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) occurred in 82% after one dose and in 94% after two doses. adverse effects were unusual. after immunization, one subject developed mild zoster caused by wild-type virus. twelve adults developed a mild breakthrough case of chickenpox after exposure to vzv. protection after household exposure was observed ... | 1988 | 2839577 |
| the complete dna sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. | we have determined the dna sequence of the long unique region (ul) in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain 17. the ul sequence contained 107,943 residues and had a base composition of 66.9% g + c. together with our previous work, this completes the sequence of hsv-1 dna, giving a total genome length of 152,260 residues of base composition 68.3% g + c. genes in the ul region were located by the use of published mapping analyses, transcript structures and sequence data, and by ... | 1988 | 2839594 |
| natural and artificial immunity to varicella zoster virus. | the live varicella vaccine has been recommended for use in immunocompromised subjects and in adults who are susceptible to chickenpox. however, we do not know how humoral and cell-mediated immune responses induced after vaccination differed from those obtained after natural infection. to answer this, 45 previously infected subjects (23 chickenpox, 22 vaccinated) were tested for their varicella zoster virus (vzv)-specific antibody levels and for their lymphocyte stimulation responses to vzv antig ... | 1988 | 2839610 |
| role of cytoplasmic vacuoles in varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein trafficking and virion envelopment. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) encodes several glycoproteins which are present on both mature viral envelopes and the surfaces of infected cell membranes. mechanisms of vzv glycoprotein transport and virion envelopment were investigated by both continuous radiolabeling and pulse-chase analyses with tritiated fucose in vzv-infected cells. we studied in detail the large cytoplasmic vacuoles which were present in infected cells but absent from uninfected cells. the specific activity in each subcellul ... | 1988 | 2839696 |
| strain variation of r5 direct repeats in the right-hand portion of the long unique segment of varicella-zoster virus dna. | we located a region of interstrain size variability in a short segment in an area at the right-hand end of the long unique sequence of the varicella-zoster viral genome. varicella-zoster virus strains isolated in a district of japan were classified into three groups on the basis of the size of this segment. sequence comparison of the variable segment among strains from different groups revealed that the tandem direct repeat, r5, in the segment was variable among strains. r5, which was first disc ... | 1988 | 2839710 |
| varicella infection with profound neutropenia, multisystem involvement and no sequelae. | | 1988 | 2839816 |
| [the role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of viral pneumopathies. apropos of 76 cases]. | specimens obtained by broncho-alveolar lavage (lba) allow for an examination for viral antigens by a direct technique using monoclonal antibodies and by culture, and the level of igm and igg antibodies by the elisa technique. lba is used in the screening of immuno-depressed subjects and in the search for an aetiology in overt cases of interstitial pneumonia. ninety-six specimens of lba from 76 patients were analysed [38 had immunological deficits of whom 14 had haematological disorders, 15 were ... | 1988 | 2839875 |
| methyl gallate, methyl-3,4,5-trihydoxybenzoate, is a potent and highly specific inhibitor of herpes simplex virus in vitro. ii. antiviral activity of methyl gallate and its derivatives. | methyl gallate (mg), methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, was highly active against herpes viruses as determined by plaque reduction assay. herpes simplex virus type 2, ms strain, was sensitive to mg at a mean 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of 0.224 micrograms/ml in monkey kidney cells. mg was specific for herpes viruses with the relative sensitivity hsv-2 greater than hsv-1 greater than cmv. two rna viruses tested were significantly less sensitive to mg. the structural components of mg which m ... | 1988 | 2840133 |
| reduction in immunoreactivity of varicella-zoster virus proteins induced by mycoplasma contamination. | during the study of protein differences between several strains of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), two of the strains were found to be contaminated with mycoplasma hyorhinis. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed fourteen extra bands present in mrc5 fibroblasts infected with these strains compared to other strains of vzv. a more striking difference was observed when infected cultures were used as antigens in immunoblotting. certain viral proteins, corresponding in molecular weight to the viral ... | 1988 | 2840452 |
| prophylactic and therapeutic use of immunoglobulin for intravenous administration in patients with secondary immunodeficiencies associated with malignancies. | failure of host defense systems associated with malignancies may be attributable to the tumor, to cytoreductive therapy or to combined endogenous and iatrogenic influences. management of the resulting increased susceptibility to infections may require supplementation of antibiotic therapy with additional forms of treatment, including passive immunization with antibodies. this review discusses the use of immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous administration (ivig) in patients with secondary ... | 1988 | 2840630 |
| gene sequence and mapping data from marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys: implications for herpesvirus classification. | purified dnas from marek's disease virus (mdv) and the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) were randomly sheared and cloned into the m13 bacteriophage. two-hundred and ten mdv and 130 hvt clones were sequenced to give representative samples of the genome sequences. the predicted amino acid sequences from these gammaherpes-viruses were compared to known sequences from other herpesviruses using computer analysis. thirty-five mdv and 24 hvt genes were identified by comparison with varicella-zoster virus ( ... | 1988 | 2841415 |
| conservation of sequence and function between the product of the 52-kilodalton immediate-early gene of herpesvirus saimiri and the bmlf1-encoded transcriptional effector (eb2) of epstein-barr virus. | we present a sequence of 2,220 nucleotides from a region of the genome of herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) which includes the coding and putative regulatory sequences for the 52-kilodalton (kda) immediate-early (ie) phosphoprotein of the virus. the amino acid sequence predicted for this protein shows it to be homologous to the eb2 transcriptional effector encoded by the bmlf1 open reading frame of epstein-barr virus (ebv), the ie 68-kda protein of varicella-zoster virus, and the ie 63-kda (alpha 27) pr ... | 1988 | 2841477 |
| varicella-zoster virus infection in a pediatric oncology unit. | | 1988 | 2841640 |
| viral sensitivity following the introduction of acyclovir. | extensive use of acyclovir for the treatment or prevention of herpes simplex and varicella zoster infections in immunocompetent patients has not resulted in significant changes in virus sensitivity. some minor reductions have been observed, but these have not affected clinical responses. in severely immunosuppressed patients, virus with reduced acyclovir sensitivity has very occasionally been isolated and this has sometimes been associated with clinical resistance. resistance has, in all but one ... | 1988 | 2841855 |
| delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) skin reaction to varicella-zoster virus antigen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). | | 1988 | 2842248 |
| varicella-zoster virus dna from persistently infected cells contains novel tandem duplications. | a persistent infection with varicella-zoster virus was established in the mewo human melanoma cell line. this persistently infected cell line went through periodic crises of virus-induced cell killing and then recovery. analyses of viral dna derived from the persistently infected cultures revealed that novel viral nucleic acid rearrangements had been generated. these viral dna sequences were derived from a specific region of the inverted repeat sequence of the genome flanking the short unique ge ... | 1988 | 2842434 |
| the tzanck smear: old, but still of inestimable value. | the tzanck smear, introduced by the frenchman tzanck, has been used for many years in the diagnosis of bullous and vesicular dermatoses especially herpes simplex, herpes zoster and varicella. also, in the vesicular dermatoses of newborns and immunocompromised patients it is an important diagnostic aid. the tzanck smear is easy to perform, simple, reliable (if one is experienced) and inexpensive. a quick staining can be done by hemacolor or diff-quik within one minute. the tzanck smear is certain ... | 1988 | 2842739 |
| mutational dissection of the hsv-1 immediate-early protein vmw175 involved in transcriptional transactivation and repression. | vmw175 is one of five immediate-early (ie) proteins encoded by herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1). it is required for the transcription of later classes of genes and for the accompanying repression of ie expression. vmw175 has been shown to be a transactivator of transcription and also to autoregulate its own synthesis. we have made a large number of small, in-frame, insertion and deletion mutants of a plasmid-borne copy of the gene encoding vmw175. study of the activity of the resultant mutant ... | 1988 | 2842944 |
| regulation of varicella zoster virus gene 27 translation in vitro by upstream sequences. | northern blot analysis revealed the presence of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) gene 27 transcripts in infected cells. the sal i-g dna fragment, located in the unique long segment of the vzv genome and containing overlapping genes 26 and 27, was analyzed in an in vitro transcription-translation system. translation of rna transcribed from these open reading frames showed prominent expression of gene 27. four different subclones were constructed to contain gene 27 with and without 100 base pairs (bp) ... | 1988 | 2842970 |