Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| viremic phase in a leukemic child after live varicella vaccination. | 1992 | 1309394 | |
| structure-function studies of peptides inhibiting the ribonucleotide reductase activity of herpes simplex virus type i. | ac-tyr298-ala299-gly300-thr301-val302-i le303-asn304-asp305-leu306-oh (ac-vzv r2-(298-306)) represents the acetylated form of the c-terminus of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) ribonucleotide reductase subunit 2 (r2). this peptide possesses a high degree of homology with the c-terminus nonapeptide of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) type i and ii ribonucleotide reductase r2 protein and is 15 times more potent than the latter in its in vitro inhibition of hsv-1 reductase activity. accordingly, a new se ... | 1992 | 1310120 |
| the simian varicella virus and varicella zoster virus genomes are similar in size and structure. | simian varicella virus (svv) dna was purified from viral nucleocapsids and the molecular structure of the svv genome was determined. svv dna was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis of bamhi, bglii, ecori, and psti restriction endonuclease digests. svv and varicella zoster virus (vzv) dnas were demonstrated to have distinct restriction endonuclease profiles. summation of the sizes of individual restriction endonuclease fragments indicate the size of svv dna is congruent to 121 kilobase pairs ... | 1992 | 1310185 |
| varicella vaccine reflux. | 1992 | 1310355 | |
| varicella zoster and herpes simplex virus infections. | there are six herpes viruses, three of which, the varicella-zoster virus and the herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2, are of particular concern to patients and staff in critical care units. these viruses, especially in their reactivated states, may present atypically in critically ill and immune-suppressed patients, and, by the time the diagnosis is made, exposures of other patients and clinicians may have occurred. pregnancy and immunosuppressed states can result in severe, even life-threateni ... | 1992 | 1310493 |
| immunohistochemical study of skin lesions in herpes zoster. | thirty-seven biopsy skin tissues of herpes zoster taken from 27 patients were analysed immunohistochemically using two monoclonal antibodies detecting either nucleocapsid or glycoproteins of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) on paraffin sections of formalin fixed tissues. skin lesions of herpes zoster were divided clinically into four stages: erythematous, vesicular, pustular and ulcerative. in the erythematous stage, vzv antigens, if detected, were found only within ballooning cells in the lower epi ... | 1992 | 1311486 |
| herpesvirus antibody levels in the etiologic diagnosis of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. | quantitative antibody levels to three herpesviruses in acute and chronic sera from six patients with clinical signs of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome were consistent with a specific etiologic diagnosis only in the two cases associated with cutaneous herpes zoster. available data on acute and convalescent antibody titers to herpes group viruses from these six patients in addition to data from 27 acute retinal necrosis cases from the literature disclosed that only 13 of the 33 patients (39%) ... | 1992 | 1311902 |
| characterization of the varicella-zoster virus gene 61 protein. | the protein predicted to be encoded by varicella-zoster virus (vzv) gene 61 exhibits limited amino acid sequence similarity to the herpes simplex virus type 1 nuclear phosphoprotein vmw110, which functions as a transcriptional activator. the gene 61 protein was expressed in its entirety, or as an amino- or carboxy-terminal fragment in escherichia coli and vaccinia virus recombinants, and monospecific rabbit antisera were raised against an e. coli fusion between beta-galactosidase and the majorit ... | 1992 | 1312115 |
| antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays that use enzyme-labelled antigen for detection of virus-specific immunoglobulin m, a and g in patients with varicella or herpes zoster. | antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ac-elisa) which use enzyme-labelled antigen were developed for detection of varicella-zoster virus-(vzv) specific igm, iga and igg antibody in patients with varicella or herpes zoster and in sera from healthy individuals. all 18 patients with varicella developed a vzv-igm and a vzv-igg response, 17 also a vzv-iga response. in contrast, all 19 patients with herpes zoster were shown to be positive for vzv-iga whereas only 13 of these reacted pos ... | 1992 | 1312479 |
| random mutagenesis of the thymidine kinase gene of varicella-zoster virus. | to understand the relationship between the primary structure and function of varicella-zoster virus thymidine kinase (vzv tk; ec 2.7.1.21), we established rapid screening and phenotypic selection of mutant vzv tk genes in tk-deficient escherichia coli c600 by using a constitutive pkk223-3 expression plasmid. in this screening system, mutant tk genes generated by random mutagenesis were identified by the sensitivity of e. coli-expressing vzv tks to 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and 1-beta-d-arabinofura ... | 1992 | 1312622 |
| management of oral health in persons with hiv infection. | prevention and treatment of oral disease is required to maintain quality of life and to improve prognosis of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). management requires a team approach, and close collaboration with the appropriate responsible physicians and other health care workers is necessary. oral infection is frequent and usually opportunistic, and management is based on certain principles. infections may disseminate and can be persistent and severe; multiple concurre ... | 1992 | 1312692 |
| modified cases of chickenpox after varicella vaccination: correlation of protection with antibody response. | four thousand forty-two healthy children and adolescents, ages 12 months to 17 years, were vaccinated with a single dose of live attenuated varicella vaccine (varivax; merck sharp and dohme research laboratories) containing approximately 1000 to 1625 plaque-forming units/dose during clinical trials conducted from 1987 to 1989. clinical follow-up of vaccinees revealed that 2.1 and 2.4% of vaccinees developed modified cases of varicella in the first and second years, respectively, after vaccinatio ... | 1992 | 1312704 |
| differentiation of multiple domains in the herpes simplex virus 1 protease encoded by the ul26 gene. | previous studies have shown that the herpes simplex virus 1 gene ul26 encodes a 635-amino acid protease that cleaves approximately 20 amino acids from the carboxyl terminus of itself and of a 329-amino acid product of the ul26.5 gene. the results of studies with a variety of protease inhibitors showed that the ul26 protease was inhibited by serine protease inhibitors but not by inhibitors of cysteine protease, aspartic acid protease, or metalloprotease. mutations resulting in amino acid substitu ... | 1992 | 1312713 |
| colchicine treatment in the preparation of varicella-zoster virus inocula. | two methods, ultrasonic and colchicine treatment, for preparing varicella-zoster virus (vzv) inocula were compared. ultrasonic treatment was unsuccessful in achieving the release of detectable, infectious, cell-free vzv from infected human foreskin fibroblast (sf) cells. sonication of infected sf cells resulted in losses of virus infectivity in direct correlation with losses in cell viability (r = 0.82). in the second method of generating vzv inocula, vzv-infected sf cells were treated for 15 mi ... | 1992 | 1313038 |
| peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the elderly contain varicella-zoster virus dna. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from humans of different ages were analyzed for dna sequences specific for varicella-zoster virus (vzv) genes 29 and 62 by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). neither vzv gene was detected in dna from umbilical cord blood pbmc of 10 infants or from blood pbmc of two 3-year-old children. in 22 humans less than 60 years old, gene 29 was not detected, and gene 62 was detected in only one subject. in 33 humans greater than 60 years old, including patients with ... | 1992 | 1313066 |
| oral bioavailability and anti-simian varicella virus efficacy of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-e-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (bv-arau) in monkeys. | bv-arau (1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-e-5-[2-bromovinyl]uracil) has potent antiviral activity against varicella zoster virus in cell culture and is undergoing clinical evaluation. in the present study, pharmacokinetic parameters and the efficacy of bv-arau against infection with simian varicella virus (svv) were evaluated in african green monkeys. pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by analysis of the bv-arau content of sera obtained after oral and intravenous administration to normal monkey ... | 1992 | 1313071 |
| detection of varicella-zoster virus dna by polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with herpes zoster meningitis. | in three of five patients with herpes zoster meningitis, varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the initial samples of cerebrospinal fluid. dna fragments of group a or b, following classification of vzv strains by the size of the variable region iv of vzv genome, were found at the 7th, 10th and 24th illness day in the three positive cases: one of these cases did not have skin lesions. these results suggest that the detection of vzv dna by pcr is u ... | 1992 | 1313077 |
| acyclovir treatment of varicella in otherwise healthy adolescents. the collaborative acyclovir varicella study group. | to determine whether orally administered acyclovir is of therapeutic benefit for varicella in otherwise healthy adolescents, and to compare the severity of the disease in adolescents with that in younger children. | 1992 | 1313098 |
| chicken pox infection (varicella zoster virus) and acute monoarthritis: evidence against a direct viral mechanism. | a 9 year old boy developed acute monoarthritis of the left knee concurrent with the appearance of a varicella zoster virus (vzv) rash. repeated vzv dna hybridisation of the cells within the synovial fluid and synovial membrane failed to show any evidence of intracellular virus. virus was isolated from synovial fluid 24 hours after the start of clinical infection but not later. these findings suggest that the mechanism of the arthritis is not due to viral replication inside the swollen joint. | 1992 | 1313456 |
| pre-eruptive varicella encephalitis and cerebellar ataxia. | varicella-related neurologic symptoms usually appear during or following the exanthem. pre-eruptive neurologic manifestations are extremely rare. we report a 6-year-old boy who developed encephalitis, characterized by drowsiness and left-sided hyperactive deep tendon reflexes and cerebellar ataxia, both of which antedated the exanthem by 16 days. the diagnostic and public health implications are discussed. | 1992 | 1313676 |
| varicella vaccine in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-hodgkin lymphoma. | to determine the safety and efficacy of varicella vaccine, 17 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) and 2 children with non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) receiving chemotherapy in remission were immunized with live attenuated varicella vaccine (oka strain). rash occurred in 7 children 7-53 days (median 24 days) after vaccination. there were 10-80 (median 20) erythematous vesicles and low-grade fever. all children required no specific treatment. there was no spread of varicella to their susce ... | 1992 | 1313688 |
| expression of the marek's disease virus (mdv) homolog of glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus by a recombinant baculovirus and its identification as the b antigen (gp100, gp60, gp49) of mdv. | a gene encoding a homolog of glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus (gb homolog) has been identified on the marek's disease virus (mdv) genome (l. j. n. ross, m. sanderson, s. d. scott, m. m. binns, t. doel, and b. milne, j. gen. virol. 70:1789-1804, 1989); however, the molecular and immunological characteristics of the gene product(s) are still not clear. in the present study, the gb homolog of mdv was expressed in insect cells by a recombinant baculovirus, and it was characterized to determine ... | 1992 | 1313890 |
| immediate-early rna 2.9 and early rna 2.6 of bovine herpesvirus 1 are 3' coterminal and encode a putative zinc finger transactivator protein. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) contains three major immediate-early (ie) genes involved in regulation of the productive cycle of replication. two spliced ie rnas, ier4.2 (4.2 kb) and ier2.9 (2.9 kb), are under the control of a single promoter; ier1.7 (1.7 kb) is transcribed from a different promoter in the opposite direction. examining the kinetics of transcription, we found that the ier4.2/2.9 promoter was turned off at the end of the ie period. an alternative promoter became active, directing sy ... | 1992 | 1313901 |
| monoclonal antibodies for the identification of herpesvirus simiae (b virus). | to differentiate between b virus and hsv isolates from monkeys and man monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced to herpesvirus simiae (b virus) and herpes simplex type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2). mabs were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (ifat) for reactivity against herpesviruses from asiatic monkeys (b virus), african monkeys (sa 8 virus), and man (hsv-1, hsv-2, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and epstein-barr virus). mabs could be divided into groups a-e displaying specific re ... | 1992 | 1314049 |
| prevalence and distribution of latent simian varicella virus dna in monkey ganglia. | we used polymerase chain reaction to analyze the prevalence and distribution of latent simian varicella virus (svv) in ganglionic and nonganglionic tissues from nine african green monkeys experimentally infected with svv. primers specific for three different regions of the svv genome were used for amplification. svv dna sequences were detected in trigeminal ganglia from seven of nine monkeys and in thoracic ganglia from seven of nine monkeys. analysis of dna from nonneuronal tissues of three mon ... | 1992 | 1314451 |
| serologic response and reactogenicity to booster immunization of healthy seropositive adults with live or inactivated varicella vaccine. | the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of live and heat-inactivated varicella vaccine were evaluated in 95 healthy seropositive adults (mean age, 32 yrs). live-attenuated vaccine containing 28,000 pfu, 2800 pfu, or 280 pfu of oka/merck strain virus (8.4, 0.84, and 0.08 antigen units, respectively) or heat-inactivated vaccine with comparable antigen content (7.1, 0.71, and 0.07 antigen units) was administered subcutaneously to 15 to 16 adults per group in a randomized, single-blind study. elisa an ... | 1992 | 1314536 |
| kinetics and viral protein specificity of the cytotoxic t lymphocyte response in healthy adults immunized with live attenuated varicella vaccine. | the cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response was evaluated in adults given live attenuated varicella vaccine, using target cells expressing varicella-zoster virus (vzv) immediate-early protein (ie62) or vzv glycoproteins gpi, gpiv, or gpv to determine viral protein specificity. the frequency of ctl that recognized ie62 was 1:171,000 +/- 46,000 se in subjects tested 10 days to 8 weeks after the initial vaccine dose; the induction of ctl specific for gpi was equivalent. ctl recognition of vzv protein ... | 1992 | 1314871 |
| facial palsy and infection: the unfolding story. | while it is now universally accepted that ramsay hunt syndrome is caused by varicella-zoster virus, bell's palsy continues to be labeled "idiopathic." we review the literature associating bell's palsy with various infectious agents as well as with kawasaki disease, a condition in which an infectious etiology is suspected. good evidence--mostly serological--exists for an etiologic role for the herpes group of viruses, mumps virus, and rubella virus. in addition, recent evidence has focused on bel ... | 1992 | 1315161 |
| idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy. | idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy is a rare disorder characterized by transient sensory disturbances in the territory of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. acute and chronic forms of the disease have been recognized, but the boundaries between these groups are not clearly defined. six cases of idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy are reported. all patients presented with sensory abnormalities limited to the territory of one trigeminal nerve, in the absence of other clinical ... | 1992 | 1315385 |
| varicella zoster virus dna in throat swabs of vaccinees. | ninety throat swabs from 30 healthy children who received varicella vaccine were tested for varicella zoster virus dna by the polymerase chain reaction. seroconversion was observed in 27 of 30 (90%) vaccinees. the positive rates were 7.4% (2/27) at one week and 0% (0/27) at four weeks after vaccination. these rates were considerably lower than those in normal children with varicella. | 1992 | 1315508 |
| receptor properties of two varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins, gpi and gpiv, homologous to herpes simplex virus ge and gi. | the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) genome contains 70 reading frames (orf), 5 of which encode the glycoproteins gpi, gpii, gpiii, gpiv, and gpv. orf 67 and 68 lie adjacent to each other in the unique short region of the vzv genome and code for gpiv and gpi, respectively. these two genes, which are contained within the hindiii c fragment of the vzv genome, were subcloned in the correct orientation downstream from the promoter regions of the eukaryotic expression vectors pcmv5 and pbj. after transfe ... | 1992 | 1316474 |
| transcription from varicella-zoster virus gene 67 (glycoprotein iv). | three transcripts map to the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame (orf) 67, which encodes glycoprotein iv (gpiv). all of these transcripts are polyadenylated and are transcribed from left to right towards the genomic terminal short repeats. previous northern (rna) blot analyses suggested that the most abundant of these transcripts (1.65 kb) might code for gpiv. we performed s1 nuclease protection and primer extension assays and determined that the 5' terminus of the 1.65-kb transcript ... | 1992 | 1316476 |
| characterization of regulatory functions of the varicella-zoster virus gene 63-encoded protein. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) gene 63 encodes a protein (ie63) with a predicted molecular mass of 30.5 kda which has amino acid similarities to the immediate-early (ie) protein 22 (icp22) of herpes simplex virus type 1. icp22 is a polypeptide synthesized in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells, and as is the case for its vzv counterpart, its regulatory functions are unknown. on the basis of the vzv dna sequence, it has been shown that ie63 exhibits hydrophilic and acidic properties, suggest ... | 1992 | 1316489 |
| identification and characterization of an equine herpesvirus 1 late gene encoding a potential zinc finger. | in this report, we present the dna sequence and transcriptional characterization of a gene (ir5) that maps within each of the inverted repeat (ir) segments of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) genome. the ir5 open reading frame (orf) is located within both ir sequences (nucleotides 9932-10,642 of the ir). dna sequence analyses of the ir5 gene region revealed an orf of 236 amino acids (24,793 da) that showed significant homology to orf64 of varicella-zoster virus and orf3 of ehv-4 both of whi ... | 1992 | 1316680 |
| localization of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus dna in human ganglia. | human dorsal root ganglia from 14 randomly autopsied adults and 1 infant (all seropositive for both herpes simplex virus [hsv] and varicella zoster virus [vzv]) were examined for latent hsv-1 and vzv dna by polymerase chain reaction. thoracic ganglionic dna from all subjects and trigeminal ganglionic dna from 11 adults were analyzed. hsv-1 dna was detected in trigeminal ganglia from 8 of 11 (73%) adults and in thoracic ganglia from 2 of 14 (14%) adults. vzv dna was detected in trigeminal ganglia ... | 1992 | 1316733 |
| simian varicella virus: characterization of virion and infected cell polypeptides and the antigenic cross-reactivity with varicella-zoster virus. | simian varicella virus (svv) causes a varicella-like disease in non-human primates. in this study, svv virions were purified from svv-infected bsc-1 cells by zonal and differential gradient centrifugation and the virion polypeptide composition was analysed by sds-page. svv virions had a buoyant density of 1.21 g/ml, identical to the value obtained for varicella-zoster virus (vzv) virions purified by the same method. electron microscopy of the concentrated svv virions revealed characteristic herp ... | 1992 | 1316940 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-cyclobutyl-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil nucleoside analogues and related compounds. | a series of racemic (1 alpha (e), 2 beta, 3 alpha)-1-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]-5-(2-halovinyl)uracils was synthesized and evaluated in cell culture. the bromovinyl, iodovinyl, and chlorovinyl analogues, 13, 15, and 16, respectively, are all potent inhibitors of varicella zoster virus (vzv), but are less inhibitory to the replication of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2). the excellent anti-vzv activities of 13, 15, and 16 coupled with their vi ... | 1992 | 1316966 |
| from the centers of disease control. availability of varicella vaccine for children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. | 1992 | 1316974 | |
| in vitro drug combination of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-e-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil with anti-human immunodeficiency virus or anticancer nucleosides. | 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-e-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (bv-arau) and e-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil, a metabolite of bv-arau, did not affect either the anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity or the cytotoxicity of azidothymidine in mt-4 and molt-4 cells. similarly, the bromovinyl compounds did not affect the in vitro antitumor activities of arabinosylcytosine, 5-fluorouracil, and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. the anti-varicella-zoster virus activity of bv-arau was not influenced by azidothymidine, 2',3'-d ... | 1992 | 1317147 |
| the effects of freeze-drying on the potency and stability of live varicella virus vaccine. | investigations into methods for improving the potency and stability of live varicella-zoster virus (oka strain) vaccines have included the use of different lyophilization procedures which yielded products with different moisture levels. three procedures were used: an 8-hour controlled-vacuum (0.47 mbars) procedure, a 14-hour controlled-vacuum (0.14 mbars) procedure, and a 48-hour high-vacuum (less than 0.07 mbars) procedure. samples were stored for 24 months at -24 degrees c, -15 degrees c (in a ... | 1992 | 1317307 |
| biology and molecular aspects of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections. | the herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses are members of the subfamily alpha herpesviruses with specific properties of the virion and with the capacity to establish latent infections in humans. the genome of each of these viruses has been determined with an estimate of the number of genes and proteins encoded. the biology and molecular events of the herpes simplex virus productive and latent infection have been detailed with the use of both in vitro and in vivo model systems. the neuron is ... | 1992 | 1317538 |
| herpes zoster: pathogenesis and latency. | 1992 | 1317598 | |
| scleritis associated with varicella-zoster disciform stromal keratitis. | 1992 | 1317994 | |
| the diagnostic significance of antibody specificity indices in multiple sclerosis and herpes virus induced diseases of the nervous system. | the antibody specificity index (asi) indicates the cerebrospinal fluid (csf)/serum difference of antibody amounts per weight unit igg (normal less than 1.5). it has proven to be the most sensitive inflammation parameter in csf analysis so far, more sensitive than the western blot, the "oligoclonal" response, and the empirical differentiation of csf immunoglobulins. by this diagnostic criterion, several benign viral meningitis cases were found to be caused by the varicella/zoster virus. the diagn ... | 1992 | 1318123 |
| the epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus infections: a mathematical model. | herpes-zoster is caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv). in this paper different hypotheses of how this re-emergence of virus comes about are reviewed and discussed. from these hypotheses, and epidemiological data describing the initial transmission of the virus, a mathematical model of primary disease (varicella) and reactivated disease (zoster) in developed countries is derived. the steady-state age distributions of zoster cases predicted by this model are compared with the ... | 1992 | 1318218 |
| the epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus infections: the influence of varicella on the prevalence of herpes zoster. | this paper uses mathematical models and data analysis to examine the epidemiological implications of possible immunologically mediated links between patterns of varicella and herpes-zoster incidence in human communities. a review of previously published reports does not clarify whether or not there is a relationship between the incidence of varicella and the incidence of zoster. however, new analysis of data collected by the royal college of general practitioners provides indirect evidence for t ... | 1992 | 1318219 |
| neurotoxic effects of the anti-varicella zoster virus agent 2'-valeryl-6-methoxypurine arabinoside in monkeys and rats dosed orally for 90 days. | the 2'-valerate ester of 6-methoxypurine arabinoside (170u88), a nucleoside analog with anti-varicella zoster virus (vzv) activity, was given to monkeys and rats. in subchronic preclinical toxicity studies, dosing was by gavage to monkeys (distilled water vehicle) and rats (0.5% methylcellulose vehicle) for 90 days. groups of 5 male and 5 female monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were given 170u88 at 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day. the daily dose was given in two equal portions with 6 hr between doses. ... | 1992 | 1318240 |
| virus-specific antibodies to epstein-barr virus, varicella-zoster virus and rubella virus in renal transplant patients with cytomegalovirus infections. | renal transplant patients with primary and recurrent cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection had higher antibody titres to epstein-barr virus viral capsid antigen (ebv-vca-igg) before and after transplantation than healthy blood donors. the geometric mean titres (gmt) of ebv-vca-igg were higher in renal transplant patients without cmv infection than in renal transplant patients with cmv infection. four-fold or greater rises in ebv-vca-igg antibody were detected in six patients and a similar rise in anti ... | 1992 | 1318341 |
| [disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection without vesicles in a patient with malignant lymphoma]. | a 76-year-old man was diagnosed as having malignant lymphoma (non-hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse medium cell-sized, b cell type). he was treated with chop therapy but with no response. in the terminal stage, he had continuous high temperature despite the administration of anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agents. paralytic ileus, liver and pancreas dysfunction, and gastrointestinal bleeding developed. no skin eruptions occurred throughout the clinical course. he died on day 36 of treatment. postmortem ... | 1992 | 1318430 |
| varicella vaccine: still at the crossroads. | 1992 | 1318541 | |
| the dna sequence of equine herpesvirus-1. | the complete dna sequence was determined of a pathogenic british isolate of equine herpesvirus-1, a respiratory virus which can cause abortion and neurological disease. the genome is 150,223 bp in size, has a base composition of 56.7% g + c, and contains 80 open reading frames likely to encode protein. since four open reading frames are duplicated in the major inverted repeat, two are probably expressed as a spliced mrna, and one may contain an internal transcriptional promoter, the genome is co ... | 1992 | 1318606 |
| transport of the anti-varicella-zoster virus agent 6-methoxypurine arabinoside and its 2'-o-valerate prodrug into human erythrocytes. | the transport of the anti-varicella-zoster virus agent 6-methoxypurine arabinoside and its 2'-o-valerate prodrug, 170u88, was investigated by using the human erythrocyte model. the influx of 6-methoxypurine arabinoside was found to occur primarily by means of the nucleoside transporter. (i) influx was nonconcentrative and saturable (km = 106 +/- 2 microm). (ii) the inhibitors of nucleoside transport, nitrobenzylthionosine, dipyridamole, and dilazep, inhibited the influx of 10 microm 6-methoxypur ... | 1992 | 1318676 |
| metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the anti-varicella-zoster virus agent 6-dimethylaminopurine arabinoside. | the metabolism of 6-dimethylaminopurine arabinoside (ara-dmap), a potent inhibitor of varicella-zoster virus replication in vitro, was studied in rats and cynomolgus monkeys. rats dosed intraperitoneally or orally with ara-dmap excreted unchanged ara-dmap and one major metabolite, 6-methylaminopurine arabinoside (ara-map), in the urine. they also excreted allantoin and small amounts (less than 4% of the dose each) of hypoxanthine arabinoside (ara-h) and adenine arabinoside (ara-a). the relative ... | 1992 | 1318679 |
| presence, distribution and spread of productive varicella zoster virus infection in nervous tissues. | nervous tissue lesions were retrospectively studied for detection of productive varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection in 33 autopsied cases, including 19 herpes zoster (hz) (10 trigeminal, nine spinal) and 14 cases of nodular brainstem encephalitis without hz. immunocytochemistry for vzv antigens and in situ hybridization with a biotinylated vzv dna probe were used on formol-fixed paraffin sections. peripheral and central nervous system, skin and striated muscle were investigated in serial sect ... | 1992 | 1318768 |
| processing of hepatitis b virus surface antigen expressed by recombinant oka varicella vaccine virus. | we have constructed a recombinant oka varicella vaccine virus expressing hepatitis b virus (hbv) surface antigen (hbsag). hbsag was synthesized as 26k and 30k proteins in infected cells and secreted into the culture supernatant as 30k and 35k proteins. inhibitors and glycosidase treatments, and pulse-chase labelling experiments, revealed the glycosylation process of hbsag. the latter was synthesized as a non-glycosylated 26k protein and subjected to n-linked glycosylation to form a 30k protein w ... | 1992 | 1318942 |
| (+-)-carbocyclic 5'-nor-2'-deoxyguanosine and related purine derivatives: synthesis and antiviral properties. | beginning with 3-cyclopenten-1-ylamine hydrochloride, the 5'-nor derivatives of carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine (2), 2'-deoxyadenosine (3), and 2,6-diaminopurine 2'-deoxyribofuranoside (4) have been prepared. these compounds were evaluated for antiviral potential versus herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and human immunodeficiency virus and found to lack activity. also, compounds 2-4 were virtually nontoxic toward the host (hu ... | 1992 | 1319491 |
| provocative gene therapy strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. | 1992 | 1319955 | |
| recurrent herpes zoster myelitis treated with human interferon alpha: a case report. | recurrent herpes zoster myelitis is very rare. however, a case was recently observed in our hospital. a 43-year-old woman developed myelitis 2 weeks after development of shingles. her condition was improved by methylprednisolone. seven months later, she developed myelitis after development of shingles again. antibody against varicella-zoster (vzv), increased in the serum, but was negative in the cerebrospinal fluid. methylprednisolone was not sufficiently effective against this attack. the refra ... | 1992 | 1320320 |
| varicella and herpes zoster: a perspective and overview. | the events leading to the isolation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) are described beginning with the pioneering contributions of ernest tyzzer and ernest goodpasture and the early epidemiologic observations that indicated a relationship between varicella and zoster. isolation, propagation, and immunologic proof of the coidentity of the viruses from the two clinical entities evolved from the introduction of human cell culture systems, a development that revolutionized virus research. now the soci ... | 1992 | 1320645 |
| comparative biology of latent varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus infections. | the clinicoepidemiologic features of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus latency are clearly distinctive. these differences indicate that each virus has evolved a unique strategy to ensure the establishment and maintenance of latency and to reactive therefrom. indeed, current data reveal divergent pathogenetic and molecular biologic properties that may account for the clinicoepidemiologic characteristics that distinguish recurrent infections with these herpesviruses. | 1992 | 1320646 |
| restricted transcription of varicella-zoster virus in latently infected human trigeminal and thoracic ganglia. | normal human trigeminal and thoracic ganglia latently infected with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were identified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). total rna was extracted from these ganglia and treated with dnase until ganglionic rna was free of vzv dna as determined by pcr. radiolabeled cdna synthesized by priming with random oligonucleotides was hybridized to southern blots containing recombinant clones that spanned greater than 95% of the vzv genome. the single region of the vzv genome dete ... | 1992 | 1320647 |
| varicella-zoster virus reactivation without rash. | reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) leads to localized zoster (shingles), a syndrome characterized by pain and a vesicular rash. rarely, patients experience radicular pain without zosteriform rash, cases that have been regarded as zoster sine herpete (zoster without rash). virologic evidence for zoster sine herpete is sparse. however, vzv can produce other neurologic and visceral diseases in the absence of rash or radicular pain. the clinical and virologic features of zoster sine herpet ... | 1992 | 1320648 |
| cell-mediated immunity to varicella-zoster virus. | natural varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection and immunization with live attenuated varicella vaccine elicits t lymphocytes that recognize vzv glycoproteins, gpi-v, and the immediate early/tegument protein, the product of gene 62 (ie62). proliferation or cytotoxicity assays, done under limiting dilution conditions to estimate responder cell frequencies, indicate no preferential recognition of vzv proteins by human t cells. analysis of the primary cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response after vacc ... | 1992 | 1320649 |
| animal models of varicella. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is highly species-specific and has been demonstrated to naturally infect only humans and great apes. simian varicella, a group of antigenically related agents distinct from vzv, infects cercopithecoids producing severe varicella-like disease but does not infect humanoids. seroconversion following inoculation of vzv in small laboratory animals has been demonstrated in the rat, rabbit, and guinea pig; however, animal-to-animal spread, viremia, and exanthem have been de ... | 1992 | 1320650 |
| immunization of the elderly and patients with collagen vascular diseases with live varicella vaccine and use of varicella skin antigen. | elderly subjects and patients with collagen vascular diseases were immunized with a live varicella vaccine to assess the vaccine's potential for preventing herpes zoster. an improved varicella-zoster virus (vzv) skin test antigen was then used to assess cell-mediated immunity to vzv. the antigen was prepared from culture fluid of vzv-infected cells and had far less protein content than crude antigen prepared by sonication of infected cells. in 11 of 12 patients with ophthalmic zoster and 17 of 2 ... | 1992 | 1320651 |
| varicella vaccine: the american experience. | live attenuated varicella vaccine is safe and effective in preventing chickenpox. the best immune responses occur in healthy children. leukemic children have a 50% incidence of mild-to-moderate adverse effects but have a high degree of protection once immune reactions to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) have developed. adult vaccinees have a lower degree of protection (70%) than children. vaccinees who develop breakthrough varicella usually have a modified infection. another significant advantage of ... | 1992 | 1320652 |
| intracellular synthesis of varicella-zoster virus. | varicella-zoster virus, a reclusive alpha-herpesvirus, can be isolated and propagated in a limited number of human cell lines. under in vitro conditions, the virus is strongly cell-associated and, therefore, difficult to recover in a truly cell-free state. the general replication cycle includes the three phases called immediate early, early, and late. an example of an early viral protein is a putative protein kinase called open reading frame (orf) 47. an example of a late protein is the preponde ... | 1992 | 1320653 |
| [varicella zoster virus infections in pregnancy]. | varicella in pregnancy are a rare event, but they may result in severe disease of child. during the first and second trimenon they may cause congenital defects, so-called congenital varicella syndrome. primary infections with the varicella-zoster virus are also a risk shortly before or during delivery because of intrauterine transmission of the virus with subsequent connatal varicella. on the basis of own clinic-virological investigations there is reported on 27 women and their newborns affected ... | 1992 | 1320803 |
| transplacental immunity to varicella-zoster virus in extremely low birthweight infants. | sixteen infants in our intensive care nursery (icn) were inadvertently exposed to an adult who presented the next day with chickenpox. since a majority of the patients were extremely premature, we were concerned that they might not have received transplacental varicella-zoster virus (vzv) antibody, and consequently would be at risk for contracting chickenpox. serum samples were obtained from each infant and examined for the presence or absence of vzv antibody. fourteen of the 16 infants had anti ... | 1992 | 1320886 |
| identification of homologues to the human cytomegalovirus us22 gene family in human herpesvirus 6. | the sequence of 10079 bp corresponding to the overlapping sali h and smai g restriction fragments of the genome of human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) strain u1102 was determined. the sequence contains six complete open reading frames (orfs) and two incomplete orfs located at the 5' and 3' ends of the sali h and smai g fragments respectively. seven of these orfs have recognizable homologues only in the beta-herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), no obvious counterparts being detectable in the genomes ... | 1992 | 1321206 |
| identification of the glycoprotein h gene of murine cytomegalovirus. | partial sequencing of the hindiii c fragment of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) revealed an open reading frame of 2172 nucleotides in length encoding a 724 amino acid protein with a predicted mr of 80.4k. analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence revealed homology with glycoprotein h (gh) from a number of other herpesviruses. mcmv gh showed strongest amino acid identity with human (h) cmv and human herpesvirus 6 gh, and less identity with the gh protein sequences of epstein-barr virus, varicel ... | 1992 | 1321219 |
| low antibody avidity in elderly chickenpox patients. | a small outbreak of chickenpox confirmed serologically in 3 elderly patients from a geriatric home is described. disease was probably due to exogenous reinfection, yet nevertheless the avidity of specific antibodies measured by the urea denaturation test was even lower than in primary chickenpox controls, which themselves were, as expected, significantly lower than zoster controls. in elderly individuals susceptibility to reinfection with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) with clinical manifestation ... | 1992 | 1321222 |
| immune response of elderly individuals to a live attenuated varicella vaccine. | the oka strain live attenuated varicella-zoster virus (vzv) vaccine was administered subcutaneously to 202 vzv-immune individuals who were 55 to greater than 87 years old. the dose administered varied from 1100 to 12,000 pfu. one cohort received 3000 pfu with a 3000 pfu booster 3 months later. the vaccine was well tolerated. vzv-specific immunologic responses were evaluated over a 24-month period. the mean anti-vzv antibody level was significantly increased for 12 months after vaccination. inter ... | 1992 | 1321859 |
| varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-specific cytotoxicity after immunization of nonimmune adults with oka strain attenuated vzv vaccine. | cytotoxic, proliferative, and serum igg antibody responses to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were measured monthly in 29 young adults for 3 months following primary immunization with the oka strain attenuated vzv vaccine. no subjects had lymphocytes stimulated to vzv-specific cytotoxicity at study entry although lymphocytes from 2 subjects proliferated when stimulated by vzv antigen. the percentages of subjects with positive major histocompatibility complex class ii-restricted cytotoxic responses ... | 1992 | 1321860 |
| immunity in strain 2 guinea-pigs inoculated with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins i, iv, v or the protein product of the immediate early gene 62. | the immunogenicity of specific varicella-zoster virus (vzv) proteins, with emphasis upon cell-mediated immune responses, was evaluated by immunizing strain 2 guinea-pigs with vaccinia virus recombinants that express gpi (vac-gpi), gpiv (vac-gpiv) and gpv (vac-gpv) or the ie-62 protein (vac-ie-62). vac-gpi elicited the highest initial mean t cell proliferation response [stimulation index (s.i.) 3.8 +/- 0.9 s.e.m.] whereas inoculation with vac-gpv produced the lowest primary t cell response (s.i. ... | 1992 | 1321876 |
| congenital infections and the nervous system. | despite vaccines, new antimicrobials, and improved hygienic practices, congenital infections remain an important cause of death and long-term neurologic morbidity among infants world-wide. important agents include toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus, treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and rubella virus. in addition, several other agents, such as the varicella zoster virus, human parvovirus b19, and borrelia burgdorferi, can potentially infect the fetus and cause adverse fetal ... | 1992 | 1321971 |
| correlation of pretransplant viral serology and complications of bone marrow transplantation. | latent herpes viruses such as herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus (cmv), and varicella zoster virus are often reactivated after bone marrow transplantation, giving rise to infections. in contrast, epstein-barr virus infections rarely occur. significant mortality is induced especially by pneumonitis, most often caused by cmv. immunosuppression and pancytopenia caused by cmv increase the risk of bacterial infections and invasive fungal infections. herpes viruses may increase the risk of acute an ... | 1992 | 1322186 |
| risk factors for viral reactivation following bone marrow transplantation. | the identification of risk factors for viral reactivation following transplantation is essential in order that antiviral prophylactic regimes may be allocated rationally. in the pretransplant period qualitative serological assessment of recipient and donor is informative with regard to the risk of post-transplant reactivation and disease. in addition, the quantitative level of herpes simplex virus (hsv) igg in the pretransplant recipient is predictive of post-transplant hsv excretion, although t ... | 1992 | 1322187 |
| varicella vaccine expected to be ready by 1993. | 1992 | 1322470 | |
| varicella in pediatric renal transplant recipients. | as of november 1991, 8 of 83 children who had received renal transplants at massachusetts general hospital since january 1979 required admission for primary varicella. all 8 had cutaneous manifestations of disease, and 4 had evidence of visceral disease. three of these 8 children received varicella zoster immune globulin (vzig) after exposure to varicella; in the remaining children, exposure was not revealed until symptoms were present. all 8 children were treated with high-dose intravenous acyc ... | 1992 | 1322522 |
| a novel herpes simplex virus gene (ul49a) encodes a putative membrane protein with counterparts in other herpesviruses. | comparative analysis of dna sequences located between the coding regions of genes ul49 and ul50 of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and -2) has revealed a small open reading frame (orf) of 91 and 87 codons respectively with the characteristics of a genuine protein-coding region. the predicted protein products are clearly related and exhibit features of membrane-inserted proteins, with potential n-proximal signal peptides and c-proximal membrane anchor regions. counterparts are present i ... | 1992 | 1322965 |
| [infections after bone marrow transplantation in childhood]. | in 66 children having undergone bone marrow transplantation (bmt) the occurrence of infections was studied retrospectively. bacterial infections were mostly found in the early period after transplantation before marrow engraftment. the analysis of positive blood cultures showed a dominance of gram-positive bacteria, especially of coagulase-negative staphylococci. cytomegalovirus (cmv) infections were most important, because of its high rate and the risk of cmv associated interstitial pneumonia ( ... | 1992 | 1323001 |
| human monoclonal antibodies in transplantation. | 1992 | 1323159 | |
| detection of varicella zoster virus dna and viral antigen in the late stage of bilateral acute retinal necrosis syndrome. | we describe the clinicopathologic and virologic findings in the right, blind eye of an immunocompetent 61-year-old woman. the eye was enucleated 32 months after the clinical onset of a bilateral acute retinal necrosis syndrome. histopathologic study showed a diffuse, full-thickness, necrotizing retinitis with replacement of sensory retinal structures by glial tissue, occlusive retinal arteritis, granulomatous choroiditis, and optic neuritis with ischemic optic atrophy. varicella zoster virus cou ... | 1992 | 1323253 |
| high levels of antibody to varicella-zoster virus in systemic lupus erythematosus. | 1992 | 1323629 | |
| regulation of varicella-zoster virus gene expression in human t lymphocytes. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv), a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus, is the etiologic agent of chicken pox and shingles (zoster) in humans. using an in vitro transient expression assay, we have evaluated the ability of the putative immediate early vzv genes, orf4, orf61, and orf62 (the analogs of the herpes simplex virus alpha 27, alpha 0, and alpha 4 genes, respectively), to modulate the expression of vzv genes of different putative kinetic classes in a human t lymphocyte cell line. these cells are of ... | 1992 | 1323696 |
| identification and transcriptional analyses of the ul3 and ul4 genes of equine herpesvirus 1, homologs of the icp27 and glycoprotein k genes of herpes simplex virus. | the dna sequence of 3,240 nucleotides of the xbai g fragment located in the unique long (ul) region of the equine herpesvirus 1 genome revealed two major open reading frames (orfs) designated ul3 and ul4. the ul3 orf of 470 amino acids (aa) maps at nucleotides (nt) 4450 to 3038 from the long terminus, and its predicted 51.4-kda protein product exhibits significant homology to the icp27 alpha regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1; 32% identity) and to the orf4 protein of varice ... | 1992 | 1323700 |
| treatment of adult varicella with oral acyclovir. a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | to assess the efficacy of oral acyclovir in treating adults with varicella and to describe the natural history of adult varicella. | 1992 | 1323943 |
| treatment of herpesvirus infections in hiv-infected individuals. | to discuss strategies available for the treatment of herpesvirus infections in individuals infected with hiv. | 1992 | 1324033 |
| chronic verrucous varicella-zoster virus infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). histologic and molecular biologic findings. | verrucous skin lesions have been attributed to various herpes viruses in immunosuppressed patients, including those with human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv). we examined such lesions from six hiv-infected patients to determine the range of microscopic findings present and to establish which herpesviruses were present. verrucous epidermal hyperplasia, pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia, and massive hyperkeratosis correlate with the warty clinical appearance of the lesions. herpetic cytopath ... | 1992 | 1324620 |
| isolation of a cell line for rapid and sensitive histochemical assay for the detection of herpes simplex virus. | a cell line which can be used in a simple, sensitive, and rapid histochemical assay was isolated for detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv). the cell line was derived by selection of g418 resistant colonies following co-transfection of baby hamster kidney cells with a plasmid which contains a g418 antibiotic resistance marker and a plasmid which contains the escherichia coli lacz gene placed behind an inducible hsv promoter. the promoter is from hsv-1ul39 which encodes icp6, the large subunit o ... | 1992 | 1325470 |
| flow cytometric method for the detection of gpi antigens of varicella zoster virus and evaluation of anti-vzv agents. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) is responsible for a primary infection (varicella) and, upon reactivation, zoster, which in immunocompromised patients, may both lead to life-threatening disseminated disease. there is a great need for antiviral compounds that are effective inhibitors of vzv replication and for rapid and accurate methods for evaluating viral sensitivity to candidate anti-vzv drugs. with the monoclonal antibody (mab) (vl8), which is directed against the gpi of vzv, and using the fluor ... | 1992 | 1325472 |
| availability of varicella vaccine for children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. | 1992 | 1325498 | |
| genetic relationships between bovine herpesvirus 4 and the gammaherpesviruses epstein-barr virus and herpesvirus saimiri. | the overall arrangement of genes in the unique central part of the bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) genome has been deduced by analysis of short dna sequences. twenty-three genes conserved in at least one of the completely sequenced herpesviruses have been identified and localized. all of these genes encoded amino acid sequences with higher similarity to proteins of the gammaherpesviruses epstein-barr virus (ebv) and herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) than to the homologous products of the alphaherpesvi ... | 1992 | 1325698 |
| detection of varicella-zoster virus dna in the oropharynx and blood of patients with varicella. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna in respiratory epithelial cells and in peripheral blood leukocytes from adults with varicella. vzv dna was detected in oropharyngeal epithelium in 62% of patients early in the course of varicella; the amount of vzv dna declined with time and was detectable in only 22% of patients for greater than 6 days. vzv dna was also detected in peripheral blood leukocytes in 74% of patients early in disease and was detec ... | 1992 | 1326584 |
| the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) homolog of herpes simplex virus type 1 us9 and the nature of a major deletion within the unique short segment of the ehv-1 kya strain genome. | the dna sequence of the short (s) genomic component of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1)kya strain has been determined recently in our laboratory. analysis of a 1353-bp bamhi/pvuii clone mapping at the unique short/terminal inverted repeat (us/tr) junction revealed 507 bp of us and 846 bp of tr sequences as well as an open reading frame (orf) that is contained entirely within the us. this orf encodes a potential polypeptide of 219 amino acids that shows significant homology to the us9 protei ... | 1992 | 1326805 |
| sequences of the bovine herpesvirus 1 homologue of herpes simplex virus type-1 alpha-trans-inducing factor (ul48). | a virion protein of herpes simplex virus type-1, called vmw65, alpha tif or vp16, interacts with cellular transcription factors to transactivate immediate early viral genes. we have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the homologous protein in bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). the amino acid sequence of the bhv-1 protein is similar to that of alpha tif, except in the c-terminal one-third of the protein. since the ability of alpha tif to activate transcription is depend ... | 1992 | 1327963 |
| immunoelectron microscopy for rapid diagnosis of varicella-zoster virus in a complicated case of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection. | rapid techniques for the detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) are needed for optimal therapeutic management. vzv infection poses a serious threat, especially to seriously ill patients, for instance, immunocompromised patients. we report a case of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-positive leukemia complicated by atypical multidermatomal herpes zoster. viral culture and standard serological tests failed to prove vzv infection. herpesvirus infection was con ... | 1992 | 1328289 |
| detection of varicella-zoster virus dna in human geniculate ganglia by polymerase chain reaction. | latent varicella-zoster virus (vzv) has been demonstrated in the human trigeminal and thoracic ganglia by means of nucleic acid hybridization. however, the human geniculate ganglia in vzv latency have not been examined. tissue dna extracted from the trigeminal and geniculate ganglia of a newborn and 7 adults was examined by polymerase chain reaction with a pair of vzv-specific primers. none had symptoms of recent infection with vzv (chickenpox or shingles). vzv dna was detected in 11 (79%) of 14 ... | 1992 | 1328403 |
| comparison of tzanck smear, viral culture, and dna diagnostic methods in detection of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster infection. | to compare tzanck smears, viral cultures, and dna diagnostic methods using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) or varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection in clinically suspected cases. | 1992 | 1328700 |