Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| equine herpesvirus-1: dealing practically but effectively with an ever present threat. | 2015 | 25644768 | |
| a 34-year retrospective study of equine viral abortion in poland. | the purpose of the present review was a comparison of the abortions caused by eav and ehv-1 viruses over the 34 years. a total of 452 tissues samples from aborted fetuses (347) or foals (105) stillborn or newborn that died within 72 hours were investigated. the material for the examinations came from different farms located throughout poland. the tissue homogenates were examined by using virus isolation test in rk-13 and vero cell lines and the cytopathic agent was confirmed as ehv-1 by the dire ... | 2014 | 25638974 |
| equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv1) infection of equine mesenchymal stem cells induces a pul56-dependent downregulation of select cell surface markers. | equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv1) is an ubiquitous alphaherpesvirus that can cause respiratory disease, abortion and central nervous disorders. ehv1 is known to infect a variety of different cell types in vitro, but its tropism for cultured primary equine mesenchymal stem cells (msc) has never been explored. we report that equine msc were highly permissive for ehv1 and supported lytic replication of the virus in vitro. interestingly, we observed that an infection of msc with ehv1 resulted in a consiste ... | 2015 | 25582614 |
| the haemagglutination activity of equine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein c. | equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) has haemagglutination (ha) activity toward equine red blood cells (rbcs), but the identity of its haemagglutinin is unknown. to identify the haemagglutinin of ehv-1, the major glycoproteins of ehv-1 were expressed in 293t cells, and the cells or cell lysates were mixed with equine rbcs. the results showed that only ehv-1 glycoprotein c (gc)-producing cells adsorbed equine rbcs, and that the lysate of ehv-1 gc-expressing cells agglutinated equine rbcs. ehv-1 lack ... | 2015 | 25456403 |
| impact of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) infection on the migration of monocytic cells through equine nasal mucosa. | the mucosal surfaces are important sites of entry for a majority of pathogens, and viruses in particular. the migration of antigen presenting cells (apcs) from the apical side of the mucosal epithelium to the lymph node is a key event in the development of mucosal immunity during viral infections. however, the mechanism by which viruses utilize the transmigration of these cells to invade the mucosa is largely unexplored. here, we establish an ex vivo explant model of monocytic cell transmigratio ... | 2014 | 25456193 |
| equine disease surveillance: quarterly summary. | equine influenza in england and scotland, significant numbers of outbreaks of equine herpesvirus 1 neurological disease in the usa, summary of surveillance testing, april to june 2014. these are among matters discussed in the most recent quarterly equine disease surveillance report, prepared by defra, the animal health trust and the british equine veterinary association. | 2014 | 25431382 |
| pathological findings in equine herpesvirus 9-induced abortion in rats. | pregnant rats were infected experimentally with equine herpesvirus (ehv)-9, a new neurotropic equine herpesvirus serologically similar to ehv-1, during the first and third trimesters. the inoculated dams had mild to severe neurological signs and gave birth to dead fetuses or undersized pups. rats inoculated during the first and last trimesters had varying degrees of encephalitis as well as abnormalities of the placentas in the form of marked dilation of maternal blood sinusoids and varying degre ... | 2014 | 25304504 |
| equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy. | equine myeloencephalopathy (ehm), an uncommon manifestation of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) infection, can cause devastating losses on individual farms, boarding stables, veterinary hospitals, and show and racing venues. an improved understanding of ehm has emerged from experimental studies and from data collected during field outbreaks at riding schools, racetracks, horse shows, and veterinary hospitals throughout north america and europe. these outbreaks have highlighted the contagious nature ... | 2014 | 25300635 |
| autophagy in cultured murine neurons infected with equid herpesvirus 1. | in this study we investigated the relationship of equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) infection to autophagy in primary culture of murine neurons. infection with both jan-e and rac-h strains of ehv-1 resulted in the formation of autophagosomes in the cytoplasm during early stages of infection, while in late stages of infection autophagosomes were mainly concentrated around the nucleus what suggests the induction of nuclear envelope-derived autophagy (neda). no significant effect of an authophagy inhibit ... | 2014 | 25283867 |
| equine herpesvirus type 1 replication is delayed in cd172a+ monocytic cells and controlled by histone deacetylases. | equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) replicates in the epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract and disseminates through the body via a cell-associated viraemia in monocytic cells, despite the presence of neutralizing antibodies. however, the mechanism by which ehv-1 hijacks immune cells and uses them as 'trojan horses' in order to disseminate inside its host is still unclear. here, we hypothesize that ehv-1 delays its replication in monocytic cells in order to avoid recognition by the immun ... | 2015 | 25239765 |
| quantitative molecular viral loads in 7 horses with naturally occurring equine herpesvirus-1 infection. | data associating quantitative viral load with severity, clinical signs and survival in equine herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy (ehm) have not been reported. | 2015 | 25212737 |
| characterisation of immune responses in healthy foals when a multivalent vaccine protocol was initiated at age 90 or 180 days. | protection from infectious disease requires antigen-specific immunity. in foals, most vaccine protocols are delayed until 6 months to avoid maternal antibody interference. susceptibility to disease may exist prior to administration of vaccination at age 4-6 months. | 2015 | 25205445 |
| intracellular localization of equine herpesvirus type 1 tegument protein vp22. | intracellular localization of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) tegument protein vp22 was examined by using a plasmid that expressed vp22 fused with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). also a recombinant ehv-1 expressing vp22 fused with a red fluorescent protein (mcherry) was constructed to observe the localization of vp22 in infected cells. when egfp-fused vp22 was overexpressed in the cells, vp22 localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. live cell imaging suggested that the fluorescent ... | 2014 | 25192624 |
| major histocompatibility complex class i downregulation induced by equine herpesvirus type 1 pul56 is through dynamin-dependent endocytosis. | equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) downregulates cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc-i) in infected cells. we have previously shown that pul56 encoded by the ehv-1 orf1 gene regulates the process (g. ma, s. feineis, n. osterrieder, and g. r. van de walle, j. virol. 86:3554-3563, 2012, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.06994-11). here, we report that cell surface mhc-i in ehv-1-infected cells is internalized and degraded in the lysosomal compartment in a pul56- ... | 2014 | 25165105 |
| efficacy of a parapoxvirus ovis-based immunomodulator against equine herpesvirus type 1 and streptococcus equi equi infections in horses. | the efficacy of zylexis®, an immunomodulator in horses based on inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (ippvo), was assessed using an equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) challenge model in the presence of a natural infection with streptococcus equi equi (s. equi). eleven horses were treated with ippvo and twelve were kept as controls. six horses were challenged with ehv-1 and commingled with the horses on study. animals were dosed on days -2, 0 (just before commingling) and day 7. on day 11 significantly l ... | 2014 | 25153651 |
| protective effects of intranasal immunization with recombinant glycoprotein d in pregnant balb/c mice challenged with different strains of equine herpesvirus 1. | equine herpesvirus (ehv)-1 induces respiratory infection, neurological disorders and abortion in horses. most of the currently available attenuated or inactivated vaccines against this infection are administered intramuscularly and only provide partial protection against the respiratory disease. the present study examines the effect of intranasal immunization with purified ehv-1 recombinant glycoprotein d (gd) in balb/c mice followed by challenge with three different ehv-1 strains during early t ... | 2014 | 25124330 |
| equine herpesvirus type 1 pul56 modulates innate responses of airway epithelial cells. | recently, the product of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) orf1, a homolog to hsv-1 pul56, was shown to modulate mhc-i expression and innate immunity. here, we investigated modulation of respiratory epithelial immunity by ehv-1 pul56 and compared responses to those of pbmcs, which are important target cells that allow cell-associated ehv-1 viremia. the salient observations are as follows: (i) ehv-1 significantly down-modulated mhc-i and mhc-ii expression in equine respiratory epithelial cells (e ... | 2014 | 25046270 |
| a severe equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) abortion outbreak caused by a neuropathogenic strain at a breeding farm in northern germany. | a particularly severe equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) abortion outbreak occurred at a breeding farm in northern germany. sixteen of 25 pregnant mares that had received regular vaccination using an inactivated vaccine aborted and two gave birth to weak non-viable foals in a span of three months, with 89% of cases occurring within 40 days after the initial abortion case. virological examinations revealed the presence of ehv-1 in all cases of abortion and serological follow-up in mares confirmed ... | 2014 | 25042527 |
| ubiquitination and degradation of the orf34 gene product of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) at late times of infection. | the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) open reading frame 34 (orf34) is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 161 amino acids. we show that an orf34 deletion mutant exhibited a significant growth defect in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells taken directly ex vivo during early but not late times of infection. orf34 protein (porf34)-specific antibodies specifically reacted with a 28-kda early polypeptide present in the cytosol of infected cells. from 10h post infection, multiple smaller porf3 ... | 2014 | 25010266 |
| full genome sequences of zebra-borne equine herpesvirus type 1 isolated from zebra, onager and thomson's gazelle. | a strain of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) was isolated from zebra. this strain, called "zebra-borne ehv-1", was also isolated from an onager and a gazelle in zoological gardens in u.s.a. the full genome sequences of the 3 strains were determined. they shared 99% identities with each other, while they shared 98% and 95% identities with the horse derived ehv-1 and equine herpesvirus type 9, respectively. sequence data indicated that the ehv-1 isolated from a polar bear in germany is one of the ... | 2014 | 24920546 |
| successful control of winter pyrexias caused by equine herpesvirus type 1 in japanese training centers by achieving high vaccination coverage. | equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) is a major cause of winter pyrexia in racehorses in two training centers (ritto and miho) in japan. until the epizootic period of 2008-2009, a vaccination program using a killed ehv-1 vaccine targeted only susceptible 3-year-old horses with low antibody levels to ehv-1 antigens. however, because the protective effect was not satisfactory, in 2009-2010 the vaccination program was altered to target all 3-year-old horses. to evaluate the vaccine's efficacy, we inve ... | 2014 | 24872513 |
| immediate-early protein of equid herpesvirus type 1 as a target for cytotoxic t-lymphocytes in the thoroughbred horse. | cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctls) are associated with protective immunity against disease caused by equid herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1). however, the ehv-1 target proteins for ctls are poorly defined. this limits the development of vaccine candidates designed to stimulate strong ctl immunity. here, classical ctl assays using lymphocytes from horses of three defined mhc class i types that experienced natural infection with ehv-1 and a modified vaccinia virus construct containing an ehv-1 gene encoding ... | 2014 | 24836672 |
| improving a complement-fixation test for equine herpesvirus type-1 by pretreating sera with potassium periodate to reduce non-specific hemolysis. | non-specific hemolysis has often been observed during complement-fixation (cf) tests for equine herpesvirus type-1 (ehv-1), even when the sera have virus-specific cf antibodies. this phenomenon has also been reported in cf tests for various infectious diseases of swine. we found that the sera from 22 of 85 field horses (25.9%) showed non-specific hemolysis during conventional cf testing for ehv-1. because pretreatment of swine sera with potassium periodate (kio4) improves the cf test for swine i ... | 2013 | 24834005 |
| evaluation of the usefulness of a pcr assay performed at a clinical laboratory for the diagnosis of respiratory disease induced by equine herpesvirus type 1 in the field. | a pcr assay for the diagnosis of respiratory disease induced by equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) was performed at the clinical laboratory in the racehorse clinic of the ritto training center of the japan racing association from december 2007 to march 2008. the assay was performed without the trouble of contamination throughout the study and its turnaround time was approximately 6 hr. the pcr detection rates of ehv-1 among seroconverted horses were 22.2% for nasal swabs and 33.3% for blood sampl ... | 2011 | 24833987 |
| recombinant herpesvirus glycoprotein g improves the protective immune response to helicobacter pylori vaccination in a mouse model of disease. | alphaherpesviruses, which have co-evolved with their hosts for more than 200 million years, evade and subvert host immune responses, in part, by expression of immuno-modulatory molecules. alphaherpesviruses express a single, broadly conserved chemokine decoy receptor, glycoprotein g (gg), which can bind multiple chemokine classes from multiple species, including human and mouse. previously, we demonstrated that infection of chickens with an infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) mutant defici ... | 2014 | 24794215 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the pseudorabies virus ul31 gene. | we amplified a 816-bp sequence of the ul31 gene from the pseudorabies virus (prv) becker strain genome. evidence that this was the ul31 gene was confirmed by cloning and sequencing. the prv ul31 gene encodes a putative protein of 271-amino acid residues, which was designated the ul31 protein. bioinformatic analysis indicated that prv ul31 contains a conserved pha03328 domain, closely related with the herpes virus nuclear egress lamina protein ul31 family and highly conserved among counterparts e ... | 2014 | 24668671 |
| production of equine herpesvirus 1 recombinant glycoprotein d and development of an agar gel immunodiffusion test for serological diagnosis. | equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 (ehv-1 and 4) infect most of the world's horses, causing serious clinical illness. viral glycoproteins have been identified as the immunodominant antigens that generate the antiviral serological responses to ehv-1 and ehv-4 in infected horses. here, glycoprotein d of ehv-1 was expressed by a recombinant baculovirus, purified and evaluated by a simple agar gel immunodiffusion test (agid). compared with virus neutralization, serological analysis by agid showed good speci ... | 2014 | 24631347 |
| epidemiology and reproductive outcomes of ehv-1 abortion epizootics in unvaccinated thoroughbred mares in south africa. | equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) is one of the most common causes of infectious abortion in mares. analysing the demography of outbreaks and detailing subsequent reproductive performance of affected mares will assist in the management of future (threatened) epizootics. | 2015 | 24617603 |
| development of a single-tube duplex evagreen real-time pcr for the detection and identification of ehv-1 and ehv-4. | the objective of this study was to develop a novel evagreen (eg) based real-time pcr technique for the simultaneous detection of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) and equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) genomes from equine nasal swabs. viral genomes were identified based on their specific melting temperatures (t m), which are 88.0 and 84.4 °c for ehv-1 and ehv-4, respectively. the detection limitation of this method was 50 copies/μl or 0.15 pg/μl for ehv-1 and 5 copies/μl or 2.5 fg/μl for ehv-4. this assay ... | 2014 | 24615388 |
| a review of equid herpesvirus 1 for the veterinary practitioner. part b: pathogenesis and epidemiology. | equid herpesvirus (ehv) type 1 is a common pathogen of horses with worldwide distribution. infection with ehv-1 can be subclinical, or can result in sociologically and economically important outcomes such as abortion, neonatal death or neurological disease. the perceived recent increase in the reported cases of ehv-1 neurological disease in the united states of america and europe over the past decade has caused concerns amongst veterinarians and horse owners worldwide. this review provides an up ... | 2014 | 24597839 |
| a review of equid herpesvirus 1 for the veterinary practitioner. part a: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. | equid herpesvirus (ehv) type 1 is a common pathogen of horses with worldwide distribution. although severe tracheobronchitis has been described in some field outbreaks of ehv-1 respiratory disease, many ehv-1 infections occur asymptomatically or are accompanied only by signs of mild respiratory disease. however, ehv-1 infection can also result in outcomes other than respiratory disease such as abortion, neonatal death or neurological disease. this review provides an overview of the diagnosis, tr ... | 2014 | 24597778 |
| influence of importin alpha/beta and exportin 1 on equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) replication in primary murine neurons. | viruses replicating in the nucleus need to cross the nuclear membrane barrier during infection, therefore disruption of specific nuclear transport pathways is crucial for their replication cycle. in the present study we have investigated the influence of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport inhibitors -- ivermectin and leptomycin b, on ehv-1 replication in primary murine neurons. obtained results suggest that the examined proteins -- exportin 1 and importin alpha/beta may participate, but are not requir ... | 2013 | 24597312 |
| innate immune responses of airway epithelial cells to infection with equine herpesvirus-1. | equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) is the cause of respiratory disease, abortion and myelitis in horses worldwide. protection following infection or vaccination is typically incomplete and this lack of protective immunity is thought to be due to the immunomodulatory properties of ehv-1. ehv-1 immune modulation is likely initiated early in the infection cycle at the respiratory epithelium, but to date, immunity to ehv-1 at the epithelial cell barrier remains poorly characterized. thus, the purpose of t ... | 2014 | 24560592 |
| zebra-borne equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) infection in non-african captive mammals. | equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) was detected in an indian rhinoceros (rhinoceros unicornis), which was euthanized because of severe neurological disease. encephalitis was suspected and ehv-1 dna was detected in brain, lung, and spleen tissues. the viral ir6 protein was detected in lung tissues by western blot analysis. phylogenetic analyses of ehv-1 sequences amplified from various tissues was nearly identical to one recently described that resulted in both non-fatal and fatal encephalitis in ... | 2014 | 24440374 |
| equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) open reading frame 59 encodes an early protein that is localized to the cytosol and required for efficient virus growth. | equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) orf59 is predicted to encode a protein consisting of 180 amino acids. to determine whether orf59 in fact encodes a protein, sequences encoding an ha epitope (ypydvpdya) was inserted at the carboxyterminus of the orf59 protein in ehv-1 strain ab4. using anti-ha monoclonal antibodies, a 21-kda band was specifically detected by western blot analysis in lysates of cells infected with a recombinant ehv-1 from strain ab4 that carries the porf59-ha but not in cells inf ... | 2014 | 24418561 |
| the ehv-1 ul4 protein that tempers viral gene expression interacts with cellular transcription factors. | the ul4 gene is conserved within the genome of defective interfering particles of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) that mediate persistent infection. here, we show that the ul4 protein inhibits ehv-1 reporter gene expression by decreasing the level of transcribed mrna. the ul4 protein did not bind any gene class of ehv-1 promoters in electromobility or chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, but directly interacted with the tata box-binding protein (tbp) and the carboxy-terminal domain of rna pol ... | 2014 | 24418534 |
| comparing the genetic diversity of orf30 of australian isolates of 3 equid alphaherpesviruses. | a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) has been previously associated with ehv-1 neurological disease in several countries around the world. this disease is very uncommon in australia and little information is available about the presence of this snp in australian ehv-1 isolates. the orf30 sequence of 66 australian ehv-1 isolates was determined and the genotype was compared to the disease manifestation of the case from which the virus was isolated. of the 66 isolates, 61 were from cases of abort ... | 2014 | 24418044 |
| equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1)-induced rearrangements of actin filaments in productively infected primary murine neurons. | equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) causes respiratory disease, abortion and neurological disorders in horses. in the present study, we investigated reorganization of the cytoskeleton in neurons infected with two ehv-1 strains: jan-e (wild-type strain) and rac-h (attenuated strain). the studies were performed on primary murine neurons, which are an excellent model for studying neurotropism and neurovirulence of ehv-1. we have demonstrated for the first time that ehv-1 infection causes rearrangemen ... | 2014 | 24352436 |
| novel molecular determinants of viral susceptibility and resistance in the lipidome of emiliania huxleyi. | viruses play a key role in controlling the population dynamics of algae, including emiliania huxleyi, a globally distributed haptophyte with calcite coccoliths that comprise ca. 50% of the sinking carbonate flux from the surface ocean. emiliania huxleyi viruses (ehvs) routinely infect and terminate e. huxleyi blooms. ehvs are surrounded by a lipid envelope, which we found to be comprised largely of glycosphingolipids (gsls) with lesser amounts of polar glycerolipids. infection appears to involve ... | 2014 | 24330049 |
| experimental infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) induces chorioretinal lesions. | equine herpesvirus myeloencephalitis (ehm) remains one of the most devastating manifestations of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) infection but our understanding of its pathogenesis remains rudimentary, partly because of a lack of adequate experimental models. ehv-1 infection of the ocular vasculature may offer an alternative model as ehv-1-induced chorioretinopathy appears to occur in a significant number of horses, and the pathogenesis of ehm and ocular ehv-1 may be similar. to investigate th ... | 2013 | 24308772 |
| first report on equine herpesvirus type 4 isolation in poland--evaluation of diagnostic tools. | upper respiratory tract infections are still a serious problem in breeding and racing horses. the most common virological factors are ehv1 and ehv4, which are both a major cause of secondary infections. high ehv4 seroprevalence in polish horses indicates a high transmission rate of this pathogen among horses and increases the need for proper diagnostics. the aim of this study was to develop a reliable laboratory diagnostic scheme for upper respiratory tract infections and to describe the first i ... | 2013 | 24195284 |
| role of equine herpesviruses as co-infecting agents in cases of abortion, placental disease and neonatal foal mortality. | herpesviral infections frequently occur in horses. the objective of this study was to investigate the possible association of equine herpesviruses (ehv-1, ehv-2, ehv-3, ehv-4, ehv-5) with other causes of abortion, neonatal mortality or placental disorder. sixty-seven abortions, 22 stillbirths, 14 cases of neonatal foal mortality and 3 cases of placental disease were investigated for infectious and non-infectious causes. type-specific nested pcr assays and virus isolation were performed to detect ... | 2013 | 24052369 |
| development of a peptide elisa for discrimination between serological responses to equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4. | a peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for discrimination between serological responses to equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) and 4 (ehv-4) was developed. three and four peptides for ehv-1 and ehv-4, respectively, were designed and studied initially in the elisa using sera from foals infected experimentally. the most promising peptide pair, derived from ehv-1 glycoprotein e and ehv-4 glycoprotein g, was evaluated further using acute and convalescent sera from horses infected ex ... | 2013 | 23928223 |
| equine herpesviruses type 1 (ehv-1) and 4 (ehv-4)--masters of co-evolution and a constant threat to equids and beyond. | the equine herpesviruses type 1 (ehv-1) and 4 (ehv-4) are ubiquitous pathogens that affect horse populations on all continents. despite widespread vaccination, ehv-1 and ehv-4 infections remain a permanent risk. while the two viruses share a high degree of genetic and antigenic similarity, they differ significantly in host range and pathogenicity. compared to ehv-4, which mainly infects horses and causes respiratory disease, ehv-1 has a broader host range and can result in respiratory disease, a ... | 2013 | 23890672 |
| effects of equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) ar8 and hh1 strains on balb-c mice. | here, we used a murine model to describe and compare the pathogenic potential of the argentinean equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) ar8 strain with the japanese hh1 reference strain. in ar8-inoculated animals, clinical signs began earlier, but the viremic phase was shorter. virus isolation and dna detection in the lungs, liver and spleen were positive for both strains at different times postinfection (pi). infection foci produced by both strains were immunohistochemically detected in lungs from day 1 t ... | 2014 | 23851654 |
| equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) nucleotide polymorphism determination using formalin fixed tissues in ehv-1 induced abortions and myelopathies with real-time pcr and pyrosequencing. | equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) strains with a single point mutation at the 2254 nucleotide position with a g2254 constitution within the dna polymerase gene are associated strongly with equine myeloencephalopathies. infections with non-neuropathogenic ehv-1 strains without the g2254 nucleotide but with an a2254 nucleotide are associated less frequently with equine neurologic disease. a retrospective study utilizing dna extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues was conducted with real ... | 2013 | 23850701 |
| characterization of glycoproteins in equine herpesvirus-1. | in this study, we attempted to express twelve glycoproteins of equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) in 293t cells and to characterize these using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and horse sera against ehv-1. expression of glycoprotein b (gb), gc, gd, gg, gi and gp2 was recognized by immunoblot analysis using horse sera, but that of ge, gh, gk, gl, gm and gn was not. four mabs recognized gb, four recognized gc and one recognized gp2. two mabs against gb cross-reacted with ehv-4. interestingly, coexpression ... | 2013 | 23748975 |
| development of a focus-reduction neutralizing test for detecting equine herpesvirus type-1-neutralizing antibodies. | virus-neutralizing (vn) testing is essential for evaluating virus-specific immunity in equine herpesvirus type-1 (ehv-1) infection. we developed a focus-reduction neutralization test (frnt) for ehv-1 using 96-well plates for faster large-scale testing with sufficient sensitivity. we used an overlay medium containing avicel (fmc biopolymer), a microcrystalline cellulose with lower viscosity than the methylcellulose. the foci were visualized by immuno-staining with anti-ehv-1 gp14 monoclonal antib ... | 2013 | 23595119 |
| glycoprotein h and α4β1 integrins determine the entry pathway of alphaherpesviruses. | herpesviruses enter cells either by direct fusion at the plasma membrane or from within endosomes, depending on the cell type and receptor(s). we investigated two closely related herpesviruses of horses, equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) and ehv-4, for which the cellular and viral determinants routing virus entry are unknown. we show that ehv-1 enters equine epithelial cells via direct fusion at the plasma membrane, while ehv-4 does so via an endocytic pathway, which is dependent on dynamin ii, ... | 2013 | 23514881 |
| clinical observations and management of a severe equine herpesvirus type 1 outbreak with abortion and encephalomyelitis. | latent equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) infection is common in horse populations worldwide and estimated to reach a prevalence nearing 90% in some areas. the virus causes acute outbreaks of disease that are characterized by abortion and sporadic cases of myeloencephalopathy (ehm), both severe threats to equine facilities. different strains vary in their abortigenic and neuropathogenic potential and the simultaneous occurrence of ehm and abortion is rare. in this report, we present clinical obse ... | 2013 | 23497661 |
| equine herpesvirus type 1 infection induces procoagulant activity in equine monocytes. | the alphaherpesvirus, equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1), is a highly prevalent cause of equine infectious abortion and encephalomyelopathy. these syndromes have been attributed to ischemic necrosis from thrombosis in placental and neural vessels, although the mechanisms underlying thrombosis are unknown. after inhalation, ehv-1 establishes a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-associated viremia, with monocytes being a target of infection. monocytes are also the main source of tissue factor (tf) i ... | 2013 | 23497076 |
| identification of a major immunogenic region of equine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein e and its application to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a major immunogenic region of equine herpesvirus (ehv)-1 glycoprotein e (ge) was identified. firstly, the various fragments of ehv-1 ge were expressed as fusion proteins with glutathione s-transferase (gst) in escherichia coli and their antigenicities were compared by immunoblot analysis using sera from horses experimentally infected with ehv-1. thirty-three amino acids of ge (a.a. 169-201) specifically and sensitively reacted with the antibodies induced by ehv-1 but not ehv-4 infection. the cor ... | 2013 | 23434015 |
| a survey of respiratory viruses in new zealand horses. | to determine which viruses circulate among selected populations of new zealand horses and whether or not viral infections were associated with development of respiratory disease. | 2013 | 23425354 |
| case-control study of a multistate equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy outbreak. | a large multistate outbreak of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (ehm) occurred in may 2011 among horses that participated in a competitive event. | 2016 | 23398291 |
| effects of different anesthetics in the murine model of ehv-1 infection. | mice are commonly used as an experimental model to investigate the equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) infection. this model easily reproduces the disease, and the clinical signs are more or less similar to those observed in the horse, the natural host. during natural infection, the acute course of respiratory infection is mandatory for the development of adaptive immune response. since interactions between ehv-1 and anesthetics are possible, the study investigated whether the early events of murine pul ... | 2013 | 23381927 |
| evaluation of metaphylactic rna interference to prevent equine herpesvirus type 1 infection in experimental herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in horses. | to evaluate metaphylactic rna interference to prevent equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) infection in experimental herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in horses and to determine whether horses infected with a neuropathogenic strain of the virus that develop equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (ehm) have differences in viremia. | 2013 | 23363350 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the pseudorabies virus us1 gene. | using polymerase chain reaction, a 1050-bp sequence of the us1 gene was amplified from the pseudorabies virus (prv) becker strain genome; identification of the us1 gene was confirmed by further cloning and sequencing. bioinformatics analysis indicated that the prv us1 gene encodes a putative polypeptide with 349 amino acids. the encoded protein, designated picp22, had a conserved herpes_ie68 domain, which was found to be closely related with the herpes virus immediate early regulatory protein fa ... | 2013 | 23359028 |
| recombinant equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) vaccine protects pigs against challenge with influenza a(h1n1)pmd09. | swine influenza virus (siv) is not only an important respiratory pathogen in pigs but also a threat to human health. the pandemic influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus likely originated in swine through reassortment between a north american triple reassortant and eurasian avian-like siv. the north american triple reassortant virus harbors genes from avian, human and swine influenza viruses. an effective vaccine may protect the pork industry from economic losses and curb the development of new virus varia ... | 2013 | 23333290 |
| the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid enhances equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1)-mediated oncolysis of human glioma cells. | histone deacetylase (hdac) inhibitors represent a promising new therapy against malignant glioma. when used in conjunction with oncolytic viral vectors, these compounds have been shown to augment virotherapy. in the current study, we examined the antitumor effect of combining the lytic animal virus equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) with the hdac inhibitor valproic acid (vpa). pretreatment of two human glioblastoma cell lines (u251 and snb19) with vpa resulted in a significant increase in virus e ... | 2013 | 23306611 |
| pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir and valganciclovir in the adult horse. | equine herpes myeloencephalopathy, resulting from equine herpes virus type 1 (ehv-1) infection, is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in the horse. as compared to other antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, ganciclovir has enhanced potency against ehv-1. this study investigated the pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir and its oral prodrug, valganciclovir, in six adult horses in a randomized cross-over design. ganciclovir sodium was administered intravenously as a slow bolus at a dose o ... | 2013 | 23301502 |
| complete genome sequence of equine herpesvirus type 9. | equine herpesvirus type 9 (ehv-9), which we isolated from a case of epizootic encephalitis in a herd of thomson's gazelles (gazella thomsoni) in 1993, has been known to cause fatal encephalitis in thomson's gazelle, giraffe, and polar bear in natural infections. our previous report indicated that ehv-9 was similar to the equine pathogen equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1), which mainly causes abortion, respiratory infection, and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy. we determined the genome sequ ... | 2012 | 23166237 |
| venereal shedding of equid herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) in naturally infected stallions. | equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) is a highly prevalent pathogen in horse populations worldwide. oronasal infection represents the classic route of disease transmission. venereal shedding of ehv-1 is not regarded relevant in terms of virus spreading, which is in contrast to the close relatives of ehv-1, bovine and suid alphaherpesvirus, for which artificial insemination is a well-documented and accepted means of virus spread. | 2016 | 22947047 |
| strain impact on equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) abortion models: viral loads in fetal and placental tissues and foals. | equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) continues to cause both sporadic and epidemic abortions despite extensive vaccination. lack of progress in the development of protective vaccines may be hindered by the lack of equine abortion models that employ contemporary ehv-1 strains. the objective of our experiments was to compare a contemporary ehv-1 strain with a previously described challenge strain, and to quantify ehv-1 loads in various maternal and fetal tissues. infection experiments were performed in tw ... | 2012 | 22944628 |
| the role of glycoprotein h of equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4) in cellular host range and integrin binding. | equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4) glycoprotein h (gh) has been hypothesized to play a role in direct fusion of the virus envelope with cellular membranes. to investigate gh's role in infection, an ehv-1 mutant lacking gh was created and the gh genes were exchanged between ehv-1 and ehv-4 to determine if gh affects cellular entry and/or host range. in addition, a serine-aspartic acid-isoleucine (sdi) integrin-binding motif present in ehv-1 gh was mutated as it was presumed importa ... | 2012 | 22909178 |
| the role of secreted glycoprotein g of equine herpesvirus type 1 and type 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4) in immune modulation and virulence. | equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4) are important pathogens of horses worldwide. infection with ehv-4 usually remains restricted to the upper respiratory tract, whereas infection with ehv-1 can generalize after leukocyte-associated viremia. here we examined whether differences in the immunomodulatory glycoprotein g (gg) between the two viruses determine ehv-1's ability to cause systemic infection. to this end, mutant viruses were constructed based on the neurovirulent ehv-1 strain ... | 2012 | 22902480 |
| third international havemeyer workshop on equine herpesvirus type 1. | 2012 | 22888774 | |
| identification of conserved amino acids in the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul8 protein required for dna synthesis and ul52 primase interaction in the virus replisome. | we have used oris-dependent transient replication assays to search for species-specific interactions within the herpes simplex virus replisome. hybrid replisomes derived from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) failed to support dna replication in cells. moreover, the replisomes showed a preference for their cognate origin of replication. the results demonstrate that the herpesvirus replisome behaves as a molecular machine relying on functionally important i ... | 2012 | 22851167 |
| deletion of the ul4 gene sequence of equine herpesvirus 1 precludes the generation of defective interfering particles. | serial, high multiplicity passage of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) leads to the generation of defective interfering particles (dip). ehv-1 dip inhibit and interfere with the replication of standard ehv-1, establishing a state of persistent infection. these dip package severely truncated and rearranged forms of the standard viral genome. contained within the dip genome are only three genes: ul3, ul4, and a unique hybrid gene (hyb). the hybrid gene forms through a recombination event that fuses por ... | 2012 | 22752566 |
| serum iron parameters and acute experimental ehv-1 infection in horses. | research in humans has demonstrated that high serum iron (sfe) concentration can predispose to infection, and many infections subsequently result in alterations of host sfe. a decrease in sfe concentration is an early and sensitive indicator of systemic inflammation caused by tissue necrosis, bacterial infections, or endotoxemia in horses. serum iron parameters in acute equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) infection have not been evaluated previously. | 2016 | 22748124 |
| equine herpesvirus-1: what are we still missing? | 2012 | 22738739 | |
| the early ul31 gene of equine herpesvirus 1 encodes a single-stranded dna-binding protein that has a nuclear localization signal sequence at the c-terminus. | the amino acid sequence of the ul31 protein (ul31p) of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) has homology to that of the icp8 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). here we show that the ul31 gene is synergistically trans-activated by the iep and the ul5p (eicp27). detection of the ul31 rna transcript and the ul31p in ehv-1-infected cells at 6h post-infection (hpi) as well as metabolic inhibition assays indicated that ul31 is an early gene. the ul31p preferentially bound to single-stranded dna over doub ... | 2012 | 22721961 |
| the xcelligence system for real-time and label-free analysis of neuronal and dermal cell response to equine herpesvirus type 1 infection. | real-time cell electronic sensing (rt-ces) based on impedance measurements is an emerging technology for analyzing the status of cells in vitro. it allows label-free, real time monitoring of the biological status of cells. the present study was designed to assess dynamic data on the cell processes during equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) infection of ed (equine dermal) cells and primary murine neuronal cell culture. we have demonstrated that the xcelligence system with dynamic monitoring can be ... | 2012 | 22708370 |
| serological responses and clinical outcome after vaccination of mares and foals with equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4) vaccines. | equine herpesvirus type 1 and type 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4) cause infections of horses worldwide. while both ehv-1 and ehv-4 cause respiratory disease, abortion and myeloencephalopathy are observed after infection with ehv-1 in the vast majority of cases. disease control is achieved by hygiene measures that include immunization with either inactivated or modified live virus (mlv) vaccine preparations. we here compared the efficacy of commercially available vaccines, an ehv-1/ehv-4 inactivated combina ... | 2012 | 22633483 |
| vascular mineralization in the brain of horses. | vascular mineralization (siderocalcinosis) in the brain of horses has been usually assumed to be an incidental age-related finding with no clinic significance. in the present study, eight 15-32-year-old horses of different breeds with cerebral siderocalcinosis were studied. four of these horses had acute and severe central nervous system clinical signs of unknown etiology, 2 horses had neurological signs of known cause, and 2 horses did not have neurological signs. gross examination of the brain ... | 2012 | 22529137 |
| an equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) expressing vp2 and vp5 of serotype 8 bluetongue virus (btv-8) induces protection in a murine infection model. | bluetongue virus (btv) can infect most species of domestic and wild ruminants causing substantial morbidity and mortality and, consequently, high economic losses. in 2006, an epizootic of btv serotype 8 (btv-8) started in northern europe that caused significant disease in cattle and sheep before comprehensive vaccination was introduced two years later. here, we evaluate the potential of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1), an alphaherpesvirus, as a novel vectored diva (differentiating infected fro ... | 2012 | 22511939 |
| new real-time pcr assay using allelic discrimination for detection and differentiation of equine herpesvirus-1 strains with a2254 and g2254 polymorphisms. | a single-nucleotide polymorphism (a(2254) or g(2254)) in open reading frame 30 (orf30) has been linked to the neuropathogenic phenotype of equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1). identification of this polymorphism led to the development of a real-time pcr (rpcr) assay using allelic discrimination (e(2)) to distinguish between potentially neuropathogenic and nonneuropathogenic ehv-1 strains (g. p. allen, j. vet. diagn. invest. 19:69-72, 2007). although this rpcr assay can detect and genotype ehv-1 strains ... | 2012 | 22493339 |
| first detection of the equine herpesvirus 1 neuropathogenic variant in brazil. | this report describes the first detection of an equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) neuropathogenic variant (g2254/d752) in brazil from a case of fatal equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (ehm) in a mare. the results of nucleotide sequencing of the ehv-1 orf30 gene showed that two other brazilian ehv-1 isolates from ehm cases are representatives of the non-neuropathogenic variant (a2254/n752), suggesting that other unidentified factors are probably also involved in the neuropathogenicity of ehv-1 in ... | 2011 | 22435205 |
| expression of late viral proteins is restricted in nasal mucosal leucocytes but not in epithelial cells during early-stage equine herpes virus-1 infection. | equine herpes virus (ehv)-1 replicates in the epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract and reaches the lamina propria and bloodstream in infected mononuclear cells. this study evaluated expression of the late viral proteins gb, gc, gd and gm in respiratory epithelial and mononuclear cells using: (1) epithelial-like rabbit kidney cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with ehv-1 in vitro; (2) an equine ex vivo nasal explant system; and (3) nasal mucosa tissue of ponies infec ... | 2012 | 22425309 |
| development of a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) recombineering procedure using galk-untranslated region (utr) for the mutation of diploid genes. | bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) recombineering using galk selection allows dna cloned in escherichia coli to be modified without introducing an unwanted selectable marker at the modification site. genomes of some herpesviruses have a pair of inverted repeat sequences that makes it very difficult to introduce mutations into diploid (duplicate) genes using the galk selection method. to mutate diploid genes, we developed a galk-utr bac recombineering procedure that blocks one copy of the targ ... | 2012 | 22407056 |
| prevalence of latent alpha-herpesviruses in thoroughbred racing horses. | the objective of this study was to detect and characterize latent equine herpes virus (ehv)-1 and -4 from the submandibular (smln) and bronchial lymph (bln) nodes, as well as from the trigeminal ganglia (tg) of 70 racing thoroughbred horses submitted for necropsy following sustaining serious musculoskeletal injuries while racing. a combination of nucleic acid precipitation and pre-amplification steps was used to increase analytical sensitivity. tissues were deemed positive for latent ehv-1 and/o ... | 2012 | 22405721 |
| apoptotic and necrotic changes in cultured murine neurons infected with equid herpesvirus 1. | equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1), like other members of the alphaherpesvirinae, is a neurotropic virus, that causes latent infections in the nervous system of the natural host. all alphaherpesviruses have developed sophisticated strategies to interfere with the host cell apoptotic mechanisms, but the ability of ehv-1 to induce apoptosis in neurons has not been determined yet. in this study, apoptotic and necrotic changes in cultured murine neurons were methods identifying key stages of apoptosis. the ... | 2012 | 22404608 |
| molecular characterisation of the orf68 region of equine herpesvirus-1 strains isolated from aborted fetuses in hungary between 1977 and 2008. | equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) can be classified into distinct groups by single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in their genomes. only a few of these can be associated with a special attribute of the virus. differences in the orf30 region can determine the neuropathogenic potential, while by substitutions in the orf68 region several strain groups can be made. in previous studies no connection was found between the neuropathogenic potential and the snps in orf68, but the occurrence of members of di ... | 2012 | 22366142 |
| nasal shedding of equine herpesvirus-1 from horses in an outbreak of equine herpes myeloencephalopathy in western canada. | there is little information on the duration of nasal shedding of ehv-1 from horses with naturally occurring equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (ehm). | 2016 | 22332764 |
| identification and characterization of equine herpesvirus type 1 pul56 and its role in virus-induced downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class i. | major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc-i) molecules play an important role in host immunity to infection by presenting antigenic peptides to cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls), which recognize and destroy virus-infected cells. members of the herpesviridae have developed multiple mechanisms to avoid ctl recognition by virtue of downregulation of mhc-i on the cell surface. we report here on an immunomodulatory protein involved in this process, pul56, which is encoded by orf1 of equine herpesvir ... | 2012 | 22278226 |
| genomic study of argentinean equid herpesvirus 1 strains. | equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) infection has a signifcant economic impact on equine production, causing abortion, respiratory disease, neonatal death and neurological disorders. the identifcation of specifc ehv-1 genes related to virulence and pathogenicity has been the aim of several research groups. the purpose of the present study was to analyze different genomic regions of argentinean ehv-1 strains and to determine their possible relationship with virulence or clinical signs. twenty-fve ehv-1 a ... | 2011 | 22274825 |
| characterization of cis-acting elements required for autorepression of the equine herpesvirus 1 ie gene. | the immediate-early protein (iep), the major regulatory protein encoded by the ie gene of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1), plays a crucial role as both transcription activator and repressor during a productive lytic infection. to investigate the mechanism by which the ehv-1 iep inhibits its own promoter, ie promoter-luciferase reporter plasmids containing wild-type and mutant iep-binding site (iebs) were constructed and used for luciferase reporter assays. the iep inhibited transcription from its o ... | 2012 | 22265772 |
| two outbreaks of neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus type 1 with breed-dependent clinical signs. | equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) is a worldwide spread pathogen of horses. it can cause abortion, respiratory and neurological disease and consequentially significant economic losses in equine industries. during 2009, two outbreaks of ehv-1 were confirmed in two stud farms in eastern croatia. the first outbreak occurred in february following the import of 12 horses from usa, serologically negative to ehv-1 before transport. four mares aborted in the late stage of pregnancy and one perinatal dea ... | 2012 | 22262701 |
| mitigation of pyrexia by a th-1-biased igg subclass response after infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 in horses pre-immunized with inactivated vaccine. | the immunoglobulin g (igg) subclass response was investigated in horses with or without pyrexia after natural infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) in the field. all horses were kept at the training centers of the japan racing association and were immunized with an inactivated ehv-1 vaccine before ehv-1 infection. an igg subclass response dominated by igga and iggb was induced in horses without pyrexia after ehv-1 infection. in contrast, horses that developed pyrexia showed increased ... | 2012 | 22230983 |
| latent equine herpesvirus-1 in trigeminal ganglia and equine idiopathic headshaking. | trigeminal neuralgia or neuropathic pain has been regarded as a putative cause of idiopathic headshaking in horses. equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) infection and resultant postherpetic pain have been suggested as a possible cause of such neuropathic pain. | 2012 | 22211434 |
| Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) mediated oncolysis of human glioblastoma multiforme cells. | The cytolytic animal virus equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) was evaluated for its oncolytic potential against five human glioblastoma cell lines. EHV-1 productively infected four of these cell lines and the degree of infection was positively correlated with glioma cell death. No human MHC-I was detected in the resistant glioma line, while infection of the susceptible glioma cell lines, which expressed human MHC-I, were blocked with antibody to MHC-I, indicating that human MHC-I acts as an EHV-1 ... | 2011 | 22205738 |
| Immunological correlates of vaccination and infection for equine herpesvirus type 1. | Equine herpesvirus type I (EHV-1) induces a variety of disease manifestations including respiratory disease, abortions and myeloencephalopathy. Several vaccines are commercially available but could not previously be distinguished by serologic testing from infection with EHV-1 (or the closely related EHV-4). Currently available vaccines are not reliably protective from the severe manifestations of the disease, including fatal myeloencephalopathy. We determined immunological parameters that can di ... | 2011 | 22205656 |
| evaluation of the antiviral activity of (1's,2'r)-9-[[1',2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)cycloprop-1'-yl]methyl]guanine (a-5021) against equine herpesvirus type 1 in cell monolayers and equine nasal mucosal explants. | equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv1) is a ubiquitous equine alphaherpesvirus that causes respiratory disease, neurological symptoms and abortions. current vaccines are not fully protective and effective therapeutics are lacking. a-5021 [(1's,2'r)-9-[[1',2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)cycloprop-1'-yl]methyl]guanine], previously shown to possess potent anti-herpetic activity against most human herpesviruses, was evaluated for its potential to inhibit ehv1 replication. in equine embryonic lung (eel) cells, infected w ... | 2011 | 22178244 |
| Glycoproteins D (gD) of equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) determine cellular tropism independently of integrins. | Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and EHV-4 are genetically and antigenically very similar but their pathogenic potential is strikingly different. The differences in pathogenicity between both viruses seem to be reflected in cellular host range: EHV-1 can readily be propagated in many cell types of multiple species, while EHV-4 entry and replication appears to be restricted mainly to equine cells. The clear difference in cellular tropism may well be associated with differences in the gene produc ... | 2011 | 22171258 |
| equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 infections: an update. | summary equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv1) and equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv4) are important ubiquitous equine pathogens, causing much damage to the viral horse industry. ehv1 strains are associated with respiratory disease, abortion, and paresis/paralysis, whereas ehv4 strains are predominantly associated with respiratory disease. in the past decades much research effort has been put into improving knowledge about these viruses. in this paper the current state of knowledge of these viruses and the most im ... | 2002 | 22066759 |
| Cloning of equine herpesvirus type 1 438/77 strain genome as a bacterial artificial chromosome. | Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is a major cause of respiratory and reproductive diseases in horses worldwide. The genome of EHV-1 strain 438/77 (isolated from an aborted equine fetus) was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) in E. coli without any gene deletions. The mini-F plasmid sequence was inserted in the middle of ORF19 and 20 via homologous recombination following co-transfection of viral DNA and plasmid pE19_20/HA into RK13 cells. Circular viral DNA was extracted from RK1 ... | 2011 | 22059290 |
| functional characterization of eul47 in productive replication, morphogenesis and infectivity of equine herpesvirus 1. | eul47 is a major component of the tegument of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1). to determine its function, we used red/et cloning to delete its gene (gene 13) from ehv-1 strain ab4p inserted into a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac), yielding ab4pattbδ13. we also examined the reverted virus (ab4pattb13r). ab4pattbδ13 replicated in rabbit kidney (rk)-13 cells, indicating that orf13 is dispensable for virus replication in cell culture. its intracellular and extracellular titers were about 10- and 1 ... | 2011 | 22056848 |
| outbreak of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in france: a clinical and molecular investigation. | equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1)-associated myeloencephalopathy (ehm) is a disease affecting the central nervous system of horses. despite the constantly increasing interest about this syndrome, epidemiological data are limited especially when related to the description of large outbreaks. the aim of this article is to describe clinical, virological and molecular data obtained throughout a severe outbreak of ehm, with emphasis on laboratory diagnostic methods. the epidemic disease concerned a riding ... | 2011 | 21975071 |
| Single amino acid residue in the A2 domain of major histocompatibility complex class I is involved in the efficiency of equine herpesvirus-1 entry. | Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), an a-herpesvirus of the family Herpesviridae, causes respiratory disease, abortion, and encephalomyelitis in horses. EHV-1 utilizes equine MHC class I molecules as entry receptors. However, hamster MHC class I molecules on EHV-1-susceptible CHO-K1 cells play no role in EHV-1 entry. To identify the MHC class I molecule region that is responsible for EHV-1 entry, domain exchange and site-directed mutagenesis experiments were performed, in which parts of the extracellu ... | 2011 | 21949188 |
| the early ul3 gene of equine herpesvirus-1 encodes a tegument protein not essential for replication or virulence in the mouse. | the ul3 gene of equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) is retained in the genome of defective interfering particles and encodes a ~33kda myristylated protein. further characterization showed that the ul3 gene is trans-activated only by the sole immediate early (ie) protein and encodes an early protein that is dispensable for ehv-1 replication and localizes in the tegument of purified virions. ul3-deleted ehv-1 (vl11δul3) exhibits properties of host cell tropism, plaque size, and growth kinetics similar to ... | 2011 | 21917286 |
| absence of equid herpesvirus-1 reactivation and viremia in hospitalized critically ill horses. | equid herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) reactivation and shedding can occur in latently infected, asymptomatic animals. risk factors for reactivation include stress and illness. the risk of asymptomatic shedding in hospitalized, critically ill horses with acute abdominal disease is unknown. this information is important to assess the need for additional biosecurity protocols to prevent spread of ehv-1 in hospitalized critically ill horses with acute abdominal disorders. | 2011 | 21848945 |