Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| acute ascending myelitis following a monkey bite, with the isolation of a virus capable of reproducing the disease. | a case of acute ascending myelitis which followed the bite of an apparently normal macacus rhesus monkey is described. the clinical course as well as the pathological changes has been studied and found to be suggestive of a virus cause for the disease. the absence of perivascular demyelinization removes the case from the realm of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and establishes it more or less definitely as a primary acute infectious myelitis. an extremely important feature of the pathologic ... | 1934 | 19870235 |
| studies on pseudorabies (infectious bulbar paralysis, mad itch : iii. the disease in the rhesus monkey, macaca mulatta. | in the monkey (m. mulatto) the virus of pseudorabies, pantropic in the rabbit, behaves as a strict neurotrope. infection, usually fatal, readily follows intracerebral and intracisternal inoculation of rabbit virus, and often intrasciatic inoculation; the symptomatology of the ensuing disease is described. in a limited number of experiments no infection resulted from intradermal, intramuscular or intravenous inoculation. nerve and glial cells are primarily attacked by the virus, but no cytologica ... | 1936 | 19870482 |
| adsorption of influenza hemagglutinins and virus by red blood cells. | a number of experiments were performed on the adsorption of influenza hemagglutinins on chicken red blood cells, from which the following conclusions were drawn:- 1. when chicken red blood cells and preparations of influenza viruses were mixed together, the influenza hemagglutinins present were rapidly adsorbed onto the cells. after varying lengths of time, dependent on the conditions of the experiment, the adsorbed hemagglutinins began to elute from the cells. with the lee strain at 23 degrees ... | 1942 | 19871229 |
| immunological relationships among central nervous system viruses. | from observations carried out with the viruses of russian spring-summer encephalitis, louping ill, w.e.e., and the japanese b, st. louis, and west nile types of encephalitis, the following facts and inferences have been derived. 1. russian encephalitis and louping ill viruses showed a close relationship by complement fixation, neutralization, and intraperitoneal cross-resistance tests. intracerebral cross-resistance tests, on the other hand, failed to reveal any connection between them. neither ... | 1944 | 19871375 |
| laboratory transmission of japanese b encephalitis virus by seven species (three genera) of north american mosquitoes. | in the present studies ten common species of western north american mosquitoes have been tested for their ability to act as vectors of japanese b encephalitis virus (see summary table xii). the strain of japanese b encephalitis virus which was used was adapted to direct mouse brain passage, probably a disadvantage, but no freshly isolated strain was available. of the ten species of mosquitoes tested, seven were demonstrated to be laboratory vectors. these seven species represent three genera (cu ... | 1946 | 19871524 |
| studies on the mechanism of adaptation of influenza virus to mice. | 1. when strains of influenza a virus which have been isolated in chick embryos are introduced into the mouse lung, the virus multiplies readily and achieves initially a titer which is as high as is even obtained, even after repeated passage. the high initial titer of virus may be unaccompanied by any lethal or visible pathogenic effects; but with four or five mouse passages the agent becomes lethal in high titer and causes extensive pulmonary consolidation, though its capacity to multiply in the ... | 1947 | 19871683 |
| electrophoretic study of antiviral sera. | 1. sera of animals immunized against japanese b encephalitis, venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses were fractionated by electrophoresis. 2. electrophoretic patterns of rabbit sera before and after immunization against japanese b virus showed no consistent change traceable to antibody formation. 3. to determine the antibody content, the electrophoretic fractions of the respective sera were mixed in varying dilutions with infected mouse brain suspension ... | 1947 | 19871633 |
| influenza virus infection in the hamster; a study of inapparent virus infection and virus adaptation. | a study of influenza virus infection in the hamster has yielded the following results: 1. two influenza a strains (ga. 47 and pr8) multiplied readily in the hamster lung, although no lung lesions were produced during six serial passages. on further passage both viruses abruptly acquired the capacity to produce pulmonary consolidation and death of the animals. 2. extracts of the lungs during the early passages contained complement-fixing antigen and infectious virus, as revealed by titration in m ... | 1948 | 18881492 |
| the reversibility of the o-d type of influenza virus variation. | data are presented which enhance the idea that the influenza virus is an unstable agent. they indicate that the o-d type of variation is not a discontinuous mutation but rather is a reversible phenomenon. the o and the d forms of virus both appear to be inherent in the virus particle; the dominance of one or the other form seems to be subject to chance occurrences, but is influenced by the conditions under which the virus is propagated. the capacity of the o form of virus to agglutinate guinea p ... | 1948 | 18858643 |
| effect of b virus (strain no.1) in the syrian hamster. | 1952 | 12996750 | |
| isolation of b virus (herpes group) from the central nervous system of a rhesus monkey. | while passaging a recently isolated strain of poliomyelitis virus through a rhesus monkey, another virus was procured from its central nervous system. after intracerebral inoculation, the virus produced meningoencephalitis in monkeys, cotton rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, and rabbits; after intracutaneous inoculation a necrotic skin lesion was produced in the monkey and rabbit and this was often followed by myelitis. the virus could also be passed in newborn mice less than 48 hours old and in chic ... | 1954 | 13286422 |
| reproduction of influenza viruses; quantitative investigations with particle enumeration procedures on the dynamics of influenza a and b virus reproduction. | influenza a and b virus reproduction in the allantoic membrane of the intact chicken embryo was studied quantitatively with particle enumeration procedures. virus particles were enumerated on the basis of two independent properties; capacity to infect and to cause hemagglutination. the infective property of influenza b virus (lee) was even more unstable than that of influenza a virus (pr8). inactivation occurred at a constant logarithmic rate which was independent of the concentration of particl ... | 1955 | 13263486 |
| enzymatic variants of influenza virus. i. isolation and characterization of slowly reacting enzymatic variants of influenza b virus. | slowly reacting enzymatic variants of the lee strain of influenza b virus were isolated by the serial application of a technique which concentrated the fraction of the virus population obtained by slow elution followed by passage of this fraction at high dilution in chicken embryos. the variants were stable upon serial passage in chicken embryos and did not differ significantly from the parent virus in any of the characteristics tested other than those relating to the virus enzyme. enzymatically ... | 1957 | 13439115 |
| the influence of cortisone on experimental viral infection. iil effects on certain dynamics of influenza virus increase. | the administration of cortisone to chicken embryos infected with influenza b virus results in (a) an initial inhibition of viral synthesis and (b) an eventual increase in the final yield of virus attained. increased yields of virus are attained regardless of the number of viral particles in the infecting inoculum or the proportion of particles which are infective. changes in the distribution ratios of allantoic fluid and intramembrane virus are effected by cortisone only as the secondary result ... | 1957 | 13481248 |
| development of resistance of influenza b virus to polysaccharides. | algal polysaccharide obtained from carrageenin protects 80 to 100 percent of chicken embryos against fatal infections with the lee strain of influenza virus. this report describes the rapid emergence of a stable variant of this virus which is resistant to the protective action of this polysaccharide. | 1958 | 13615309 |
| enzymatic variants of influenza virus. ii. effect of environmental factors on enzymatic characteristics of a variant of influenza b virus. | the rate of elution of the variant virus from chicken rbc is progressively decreased as the temperature of incubation is increased above 25 degrees c. the activity of the parent virus, on the other hand, is increased as the temperature is increased up to 40 degrees c. the major cause of the decreased activity of the variant at temperatures above 2s degrees c. is an inhibition of the variant enzyme rather than its inactivation. the activity of the variant enzyme is stimulated in the presence of s ... | 1958 | 13587849 |
| comparison of the pathogenesis of newcastle disease virus and influenza b virus in chicken embryos. | 1960 | 14425334 | |
| [cold hemagglutinins and anti-chicken antibodies during infections with influenza a and b virus]. | 1966 | 5973735 | |
| distribution area and natural hosts of latent viruses of monkeys. occurrence of simian vacuolating virus (sv40) and herpesvirus simiae in cynomolgus monkeys in indonesia. | 1966 | 4381988 | |
| adsorption of mycoplasma pneumoniae to neuraminic acid receptors of various cells and possible role in virulence. | monkey, rat, and chicken tracheal epithelial cells, as well as monkey, rat, guinea pig, and chicken erythrocytes, adsorbed firmly to colonies of mycoplasma pneumoniae and m. gallisepticum. colonies of m. pulmonis also adsorbed erythrocytes but with less avidity than m. pneumoniae or m. gallisepticum; unlike the latter organisms, m. pulmonis did not adsorb tracheal epithelial cells. colonies of m. orale type 1 and m. orale type 3 adsorbed only chicken red cells. other mycoplasma species tested, i ... | 1968 | 4183967 |
| diagnosis and handling of b virus in a rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta). | 1968 | 4300606 | |
| experimental infection of animals with influenzavirus types a and b. | the knowledge that domestic cats were susceptible to infection with freshly isolated a/hong kong/68 influenzavirus led to studies on the susceptibility of some other animal species to this virus, as well as to studies on the ability of egg-passaged hong kong virus and an asian virus to infect cats. the ability of a recent isolate of influenzavirus b to infect these animals was also studied. macaca radiata monkeys could be infected with fresh isolates of a/hong kong virus by intranasal instillati ... | 1972 | 4196340 |
| virtual absence of infection with herpesvirus simiae in colony-reared rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), with a literature review on antibody prevalence in natural and laboratory rhesus populations. | 1972 | 4334438 | |
| herpesvirus simiae infection in macaca radiata. | 1973 | 4347671 | |
| characterization and separation of viral dna polymerase in mouse milk. | two dna polymerase with properties of viral rna-directed dna polymerase can be found in riii mouse milk. one enzyme is the polymerase of type-c viruses; this enzyme prefers manganese to magnesium with poly(ra).oligo(dt) as synthetic template, is inhibited by specific sera, and has an apparent molecular weight of 70,000. milk from balb/c and nih swiss mice contain a vast predominance of this type-c enzyme. the other dna polymerase from riii mouse milk prefers magnesium to manganese, is not inhibi ... | 1973 | 4124683 |
| humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to two hepatitis b virus antigens in guinea pigs. | 1974 | 4413724 | |
| genetic recombination for antigenic markers of antigenically different strains of influenza b virus. | incorporation of trypsin in agar overlay or fluid maintenance media resulted in enhancement of plaquing efficiency and replication of influenza b viruses in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts. using this improved technique, recombination was attempted with two serologically distinct strains of influenza b virus, b/lee/40 and b/massachusetts/1/71. after mixed infection, two virus clones were selected and characterized in detail. hemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase inhibition tests showe ... | 1974 | 16789141 |
| the isolation of monkey b virus (herpesvirus simiae) from the trigeminal ganglia of a healthy seropositive rhesus monkey. | 1975 | 169266 | |
| hazards from simian herpes viruses: reactivation of skin lesions with virus shedding. | a new simian herpes virus with biological properties similar to herpes simplex and to simian "b" virus has been used as a model system for studying virus latency in dorsal root spinal sensory ganglia. following intradermal injection, virus is present in the skin lesions and corresponding ganglia only, during the acute stage of the disease. by organ-culture techniques, latent virus was rescued from ganglia up to 2 years later. no latent virus was ever found in skin organ cultures of the primar ... | 1975 | 47078 |
| transmission of hepatitis b to the rhesus monkey. | the rhesus monkey does provide a suitable laboratory animal model for studying hepatitis b virus and for investigating various aspects of interaction between this infectious agent and the host. this species of non-human primate, however, offers a less sensitive animal model for hepatitis b infection than the chimpanzee. | 1975 | 812744 |
| multiple herpesvirus simiae isolation from a rhesus monkey which died of cerebral infarction. | a rhesus monkey housed in the new england regional primate research center for more than 4 yr died after an illness of 19 da. clinical signs included central nervous system involvement and ulcers on the labial mucosa. microscopically, the cause of death was established as multiple cerebral infarction. lesions characteristic of herpesvirus infections were not present in the brain nor in any other tissue; however, herpesvirus simiae was isolated from oral and anal swabs as well as from tongue and ... | 1975 | 167229 |
| recovery of herpes simiae (b virus) from both primary and latent infections in rhesus monkeys. | the suspected ability of herpes simiae (b virus) to persist in a latent form has been confirmed in rhesus monkeys. the virus was recovered from primary oral lesions of 2 young monkeys and again, 6 months after disappearance of symptoms, from cultures of gasserian ganglia taken from the same individuals. b virus was identified by its effects in vivo and in vitro and in cross neutralization tests with antisera to reference b virus and herpes simplex virus. tests showed that the same virus was pres ... | 1975 | 177038 |
| viral hepatitis, type b, in experimental animals. | evidence of natural infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) in chimpanzees was followed by demonstration that this species provides a highly sensitive animal model system for experimental type b hepatitis. with rare exceptions, inoculation of sero-negative chimps with materials containing infectious hbv produces serologic evidence of infection including appearance of circulating hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag) and subsequently development of antibody to hbs ag and hepatitis b core antigen. s ... | 1975 | 1181931 |
| hepatitis b core antigen and antibody. | two distinct antigen-antibody systems are associated with the hepatitis b virus: the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag, australia antigen) and antibody (anti-hbs) and the recently characterized hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag) and antibody (anti-hbc, anti-core). hbsag is found in the serum of patients acutely or chronically infected with the hepatitis b virus (hbv) and is represented on electron microscopy of such serum as 20 nm spherical and tubular structures and as the surface component of t ... | 1975 | 1204955 |
| progress report on the charles river breeding laboratories' free-ranging rhesus monkey breeding colony on key lois, florida. | the nucleus of a breeding colony of free-ranging rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) free from tuberculosis, herpes-b virus, shigellosis, and salmonellosis has been established on key lois, florida, usa. standardized procedures for trapping, quarantine, and shipping from the wild in india to the island have been established. the monkeys seem to have adapted well to the florida keys' climate. reproduction has proceeded according to expectations, and social groups have been formed with continual restr ... | 1976 | 1271747 |
| vaccine against human hepatitis b. | a highly purified and inactivated vaccine was made of hepatitis b virus surface antigen. the vaccine was tested exhaustively for safety by ordinary procedures and additionally in chimpanzees and marmosets. it was highly potent and induced antibody in guinea pigs, grivet monkeys, and chimpanzees after three doses of vaccine were given subcutaneously. chimpanzees given three doses of vaccine were protected against challenge with 1,000 chimpanzee-infectious doses of live human hepatitis b virus giv ... | 1976 | 819667 |
| multiple testing for the detection of b virus antibody in specially handled rhesus monkeys after capture from virgin trapping grounds. | eight groups of rhesus monkeys totaling over 1,000 animals were captured in the virgin trapping grounds of jammu and kashmir, india. individual caging and special handling technics were utilized to prevent cross-contamination during capture, holding, and subsequent shipment to quarantine facilities in the united states. immediately following the arrival of the monkeys, 5 consecutive blood samples were obtained at approximately 2-wk intervals, and the sera were rested for neutralizing antibody ag ... | 1976 | 177807 |
| development and chimpanzee testing of a vaccine against human hepatitis b. | highly purified hepatitis b virus surface antigen (australia antigen) purified by physical and chemical procedures from infected human plasma was used to prepare hepatitis b vaccine. the purified antigen was treated with formalin and the vaccine was tested exhaustively for safety by ordinary procedures and additionally in marmosets (for live hepatitis b virus). the vaccine was highly potent, inducing antibody in guinea pigs, grivet monkeys, and chimpanzees given three doses of vaccine containing ... | 1976 | 817293 |
| viral type a and type b hepatitis: morphology, biology, immunology and epidemiology--a review. | viral hepatitis is one of the most serious infectious diseases in the united states and is of great concern to the public health agencies, hospitals and research laboratories. progress in our knowledge of this disease has been based on cooperation between specialists in many diverse scientific disciplines employing sophisticated scientific instruments and technics. close cooperation between clinical pathologists and clinicians is of great importance in diagnosis. biologic, immunologic, epidemiol ... | 1976 | 218439 |
| hepatitis a antigen isolated from liver and stool: immunologic comparison of antisera prepared in guinea pigs. | morphologically similar hepatitis a antigen particles (ha ag)3 have been detected in the stools of patients with type a hepatitis and in the livers of marmosets experimentally infected with hepatitis a virus. to investigate the humoral antibody responses to these antigens and to compare the immunologic properties of ha ag from these two sources, we immunized guinea pigs with either marmoset liver-derived ha ag or with human stool-derived ha ag in complete freund's adjuvant and measured their ant ... | 1976 | 182882 |
| comparative complement fixation and serum neutralization antibody titers to herpes simplex virus type 1 and herpesvirus simiae in macaca mulatta and humans. | the serological relationship of herpes simplex type 1 virus and herpesvirus simiae was studied. antibody titers to these viruses were determined in 163 macaca mulatta sera and 67 human sera by serum neutralization (sn) and complement fixation (cf) tests. both groups of sera were also tested by cf with envelope and capsid antigens of herpes simplex type 1. by sn, the majority of the monkeys and all of the humans had a higher titer to herpes simplex type 1 than to h. simiae. by cf, with crude anti ... | 1977 | 192762 |
| experimental carcinoma of liver in macaque monkeys exposed to diethylnitrosamine and hepatitis b virus. | the effects of treatments with diethylnitrosamine (dena) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) on macaque monkeys were investigated by virus serology and by light and electron microscopy. the experimental groups comprised 43 newborn or juvenile cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys of both sexes. hbv neither had a carcinogenic effect nor increased the oncogenic effect of dena. however, hbv given to juvenile primates before treatment with dena resulted in subsequent gross and microscopic alterations consistent wit ... | 1977 | 198564 |
| oncogenicity of avian leukosis viruses of different subgroups and of mutants of sarcoma viruses. | leukosis viruses of seven subgroups were tested for oncogenicity in chickens susceptible to virus infection and to development of lymphoid leukosis (ll) tumors. all subgroup a viruses and the subgroup b virus tested produced a high incidence of ll and other related neoplasms. viruses of subgroup c and rav-61 of subgroup f produced a low level of ll. the rav-50 of subgroup d produced osteopetrosis. in these tests, the viruses of subgroup e and g and one virus of subgroup f were not pathogenic, po ... | 1977 | 191400 |
| t-lymphocyte cytotoxicity to hbsag-coated target cells in hepatitis b virus infection. | the cytotoxic effect of peripheral lymphocytes on chicken red blood cells (chrbc) coated with purified hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) has been studied as an in vitro parameter of cell-mediated immunity in acute and chronic infection with hepatitis b virus. using this technique, the mean cytotoxic index of lymphocytes from patients with acute hepatitis b (29.13 +/- 20.88) was significantly higher than that obtained with lymphocytes from control subjects (6.53 +/- 3.75). only 33.3% of the pat ... | 1977 | 304824 |
| partial amino acid sequence of two major component polypeptides of hepatitis b surface antigen. | determination of the amino acid sequence of the immunogenic polypeptides of hepatitis b surface antigen may not only permit molecular localization of the distinct determinants a, d, and y but may also lead to the synthesis of a hapten useful in prophylactic immunization against hepatitis b virus infection. for this purpose, purified monotypic hepatitis b surface antigen of adw subtype was resolved into equal amounts of two major polypeptides (22,000 and 28,000 daltons) and up to six other minor ... | 1977 | 266193 |
| [rearing and management of chimpanzees for experimental infection with hepatitis b virus (author's transl)]. | for the purpose of experimental infection with human hepatitis b virus, 14 chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) were delivered to the division of animal research, faculty of medicine, university of tokyo, tokyo. these chimps, 11 males and 3 females, born in the west africa, had been reared for two to six months. several days after delivery, they were anesthetized with ketalar in order to make clinical, bacteriological and parasitological examinations; it was found that one of them was in malnutrition, ... | 1977 | 558103 |
| transmission of hepatitis b to the rhesus monkey. studies on the humoral and cell-mediated immune response. | the susceptibility of the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) to hepatitis b virus was enhanced by the induction of chronic infection with plasmodium inuei. | 1978 | 101663 |
| immune complexes of hepatitis b surface antigen in the pathogenesis of periarteritis nodosa. a study of seven necropsy cases. | in 7 unselected necropsy cases of clinically diagnosed periarteritis nodosa, the detection of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag) in the cytoplasm and nuclei of hepatocytes indicated an ongoing infection with hepititis b virus (hbv). in all these cases histologic changes found in the liver varied from "minimal" to chronic aggressive hepatitis. in all the cases, deposits of hbsag, immunoglobulins, beta1c-globulin and c1q were detected in vascular lesions. that ... | 1978 | 24342 |
| [biological characteristics of influenza b viruses isolated during influenza b epidemics in 1976-1977]. | comparative studies of the antigenic structure of influenza b viruses isolated in 1976-1977 and in previous years demonstrated one-way relationship of the hemagglutinin of b/76 viruses with that of b/72 viruses. antisera to new b/76 strains neutralized the hemagglutinating activity of all known reference influenza b virus strains beginning from 1972. influenza b/76 viruses were divided into two groups depending on complete or partial neutralization by antiserum b/hong kong/7/75. the study of the ... | 1978 | 749340 |
| a virus similar to human hepatitis b virus associated with hepatitis and hepatoma in woodchucks. | particles with properties similar to those associated with human hepatitis b were found in serum from woodchucks with chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. it is suggested that woodchuck hepatitis virus is a second member of a novel class of viruses represented by the human hepatitis b virus. | 1978 | 212758 |
| properties of the erythrocyte receptors for influenza c virus. | properties of the receptor for influenza c virus were studied. although the receptor for influenza c virus on chicken erythrocytes was destroyed by the homologous virion, neuraminidase activity could not be detected in any of the influenza c virus strains tested. the receptor activity of chicken erythrocytes for influenza c virus was diminished by formaldehyde treatment but not by periodate oxidation. there was a considerable variation in the pattern and the titer of hemagglutination of influenz ... | 1978 | 211399 |
| antigens of hepatitis b virus: failure to detect hbeag on the surfaces of hbsag forms. | the particulate forms of hbsag were analysed for the presence of hbeag on their surfaces. by immunodiffusion analysis, anti-hbe did not form precipitin bands with the purified forms of hbsag and hyperimmune guinea pig antisera to these forms did not react with hbeag. lines of non-identity were observed between the hbeag determinants (e1 and e2) and the dane particles and filaments isolated from an hbeag-positive serum. finally, anti-hbe failed to precipitate the polymerase-positive subpopulation ... | 1978 | 75946 |
| classification of porcine enteroviruses by antigenic analysis and cytopathic effects in tissue culture: description of 3 new serotypes. | porcine enteroviruses isolated in the united kingdom between 1972 and 1976 were compared with the 8 serotypes previously described and with human coxsackie b virus types 1 to 6 for ability to grow in different cell lines. this allowed the classification of all strains into 3 broad groups according to type of cytopathic effect in ibrs-2 cells and further subdivision on the basis of production of cytopathic effect in bhk 21, hela and vero cells. none of the porcine enterovirus strains was neutrali ... | 1979 | 229804 |
| [experiments for the development of a hepatitis b vaccine: immunogenicity of hbsag in guinea pigs (author's transl)]. | hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was purified from human plasma by gel chromatography, isopyknic centrifugation, and zonal centrifugation. the final product had about 60% of the original activity and was essentially free from hepatitis b virus particles (hbv) and plasma proteins. treatment with formaldehyde concentrations up to 0.1% for inactivation of residual infectivity did not significantly reduce antigenicity in vitro and immunogenicity in guinea pigs. adsorption to aluminum hydroxide re ... | 1979 | 572908 |
| transmission experiments with hepatitis b surface antigen and the common bedbug (cimex lectularius l). | hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive blood meals were fed to a colony of the common bedbug (cimex lectularius l) in a series of 5 experiments. antigen persisted in the bugs for at least 7 1/2 weeks, but was undetectable after 18 weeks. trans-stadial transmission was demonstrated through one moult only, and transovarial transmission did not occur. antigen was successfully transmitted by adult bugs into 3 out of 35 canisters of hbsag-negative blood. antibody of hbsag was detected in the se ... | 1979 | 573506 |
| serological relationship of woodchuck hepatitis virus to human hepatitis b virus. | two antigenic systems of the woodchuck hepatitis virus have been identified. the relationship between viral antigens of the woodchuck hepatitis virus and the human hepatitis b virus was determined by using immunoprecipitation, hemagglutination, and immune electron microscopy techniques. antigens found on the cores of the two viruses were cross-reactive. lack of cross-reactivity between the surface antigens of the two viruses in immunodiffusion experiments suggested that the major antigenic deter ... | 1979 | 94359 |
| the hepatitis b virus and its dna polymerase: the prototype three-d virus. | the hepatitis b virus (hbv), the causal agent of serum hepatitis, has a diameter of 42 nm and is comprised of an outer surface coat and a 27 nm core. a unique dna-dependent dna polymerase is associated with the core of the virus. the core also houses a circular dna that contains both double-stranded and single-stranded regions. in the endogenous reaction, the dna polymerase repairs the single-stranded gaps of the viral dna. the surface protein of the virus, called hepatitis b surface antigen, co ... | 1979 | 91092 |
| immunochemical and oligonucleotide fingerprint analyses of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex viruses. | rna oligonucleotide fingerprint analyses indicate that the genome rna obtained from trinidad donkey (trd) venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) virus serotype i a, its vaccine strain derivative tc-83, and the vee i b virus isolate ptf-39, have almost identical patterns of characteristic ribonuclease t1 resistant oligonucleotides. the tc-83 strain and the i b isolate can, on the basis of these analyses, be considered as variants of the trd virus and categorized as i ab serotypes. comparisons ... | 1979 | 90115 |
| antigenic relationship of a hepatitis b surface antigen-derived polypeptide and human serum albumin. | four major polypeptides with mol. wt. of 22000, 25000, 52000 and 68000 were isolated from solubilized preparations of hepatitis type b surface antigen (hbsag). these four populations, referred to as p22, p25, p52 and p68, respectively, were used to immunize guinea-pigs. guinea-pigs were also inoculated with hbsag and with purified human serum albumin (husa). these antisera were utilized to establish that intact hbsag particles are associated with husa antigenic reactivity. husa antigenic determi ... | 1980 | 6156994 |
| isolation, characterization, and comparison of recombinant dnas derived from genomes of human hepatitis b virus and woodchuck hepatitis virus. | the human hepatitis b virus (hbv) and the woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv) are closely related by several criteria and belong to the same class of dna viruses. the dna genomes from these viruses are difficult to obtain in quantities required for biochemical analysis. we have, therefore, cloned these two dnas in the vector lambda gtwes and subcloned into the kanamycin resistance plasmid pa01. comparison of the recombinant dnas with authentic viral dnas by specific hybridization, size, and restrict ... | 1980 | 6246507 |
| detection of primate herpesvirus antibodies including herpesvirus simiae by enzyme immunoassay. | an enzyme immunoassay (eia) was used for the detection of antibodies to herpesvirus hominis type 1 and 2 (hvh-1 and hvh-2), sa8 and herpesvirus simiae (hvb) in human and nonhuman primate sera. optimal assay conditions were approximately the same for hvh-1, hvh-2, and sa8 but different for hvb. the recognized lethality of hvb required studies to determine whether or not inactivated hvb could be used in the eia outside a biohazard safety cabinet. ten percent buffered formalin destroyed infectivity ... | 1980 | 6249690 |
| a vaccine prepared from the 22 nm particles of surface hepatitis b antigen (hbsag). | a method for obtaining a subunit inactivated vaccine preparation from the 22-nm particles of hbsag is proposed. for inactivation of the residual infectious hepatitis b virus (hbv) the preparations were successively treated with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) and nucleases. in addition, thermal denaturation and ultraviolet irradiation of hbv dna were used. as a control the biologic activity of a reference virus (sv40) was tested after the same treatment. the effectiveness of dna inactivation was ... | 1980 | 7229622 |
| genetic variation among hepatitis b and related viruses. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) of man has several characteristics that distinguish it from viruses of other groups. these include its ultrastructure, viral dna size and structure, a virion dna polymerase which repairs a single-stranded region in the viral dna, liver tropism, character of persistent infection, and association with hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. recently three other viruses have been found in other animal species that appear to share these characteristics although the viruses ar ... | 1980 | 7013620 |
| humoral and cellular immunity to hepatitis b virus-derived antigens: comparative activity of freund complete adjuvant alum, and liposomes. | complete freud adjuvant, aluminum gel, and liposomes were compared for their ability to enhance the immunogenicity of an intact 22-nm hbsag particle vaccine and an hbsag-derived polypeptide vaccine in guinea pigs. both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were evaluated. the greatest immune response was obtained with complete freund adjuvant, regardless of the antigen preparation. aluminum gel appeared to be a better adjuvant for 22-nm hbsag particles, but the liposomes rendered polypeptid ... | 1980 | 7014445 |
| membranous glomerulopathy associated with hepatitis b core antigen immune complexes in children. | direct immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, and special immunohistochemical procedures including guinea pig complement fixation, differential elution, and in situ antigen binding were employed in an immunomorphologic analysis of kidney biopsy specimens from 98 children with clinically diagnosed nephrotic syndrome and/or glomerulonephritis (gn). glomerular deposits of hepatitis b virus (hbv) antigens, immunoglobulins, and complement were detected in specimens from 24 children, all serop ... | 1980 | 7350816 |
| virus of pekin ducks with structural and biological relatedness to human hepatitis b virus. | a virus found in the sera of pekin ducks appears to be a new member of the human hepatitis b-like family of viruses. this virus had a diameter of 40 nm and an appearance in the electron microscope similar to that of human hepatitis b virus. the dna genome of the virus was circular and partially single stranded, and an endogenous dna polymerase associated with the virus was capable of converting the genome to a double-stranded circle with a size of ca. 3,000 base pairs. an analysis for viral dna ... | 1980 | 7463557 |
| a virus in beechey ground squirrels that is related to hepatitis b virus of humans. | a virus given the name ground squirrel hepatitis virus (or gshv), with many of the unique characteristics of human hepatitis b virus (hbv), has been found in beechey ground squirrels in northern california. common features include virus morphology, viral dna size and structure, a virion dna polymerase that repairs a single-stranded region in the viral dna, crossreacting viral antigens, and persistent infection with viral antigen continuously in the blood. although similar, gshv and hbv are not i ... | 1980 | 6930677 |
| viruses similar to hepatitis b virus (icrons). | in 1971, on the basis of the unusual clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of hepatitis b virus, we postulated the existence of a class of viruses that we termed icrons. an increased understanding of the molecular biology of hepatitis b virus resulted in the discovery, by summers and his colleagues, of the woodchuck hepatitis virus. this virus is common in the north american woodchuck (marmota monax) and is associated with primary cancer of the liver in this animal. subsequently similar vir ... | 1981 | 7333575 |
| induction of cell-mediated immunity to hbsag polypeptides. | adult male guinea pigs were immunized with hepatitis b virus polypeptides prepared by triton x-100 solubilization of purified 22-nm hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) particles. a virus-specific subunit containing both the 28,000 molecular weight glycoprotein and the 23,000 molecular weight protein stimulated both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. a whole-blood-cell transformation assay additionally showed that the 64,000 molecular weight component of hbsag, previously shown to contain host-s ... | 1981 | 7333794 |
| detection of influenza a virus by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-immunoassay from nasopharyngeal specimens. | four-layer (indirect) radioimmunoassay (ria) and enzyme-immunoassay (eia) techniques were developed for the detection of influenza a and b virus in the sonicated nasopharyngeal specimens from patients hospitalized for acute respiratory infection. polystyrene beads (ria) or polystyrene microtiter plates (eia) were used as the solid-phase, guinea pig antivirus immunoglobulins as the catching antibodies, rabbit antivirus immunoglobulins as the secondary antibodies, and 125i-labeled sheep antirabbit ... | 1981 | 7026733 |
| virologic control of monkeys used for the production of poliomyelitis virus vaccine. | wild-caught or captive-bred cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) used at the national institute of public health for the production of inactivated poliomyelitis virus vaccine are extensively controlled for the presence of antiviral antibodies in their sera. with relatively simple methods of segregation and hygienic measures it seems possible to keep the animals free of infections with certain viruses including herpesvirus simiae and foamy viruses, which is of obvious importance for public he ... | 1981 | 6785124 |
| woodchuck hepatitis virus in natural woodchuck populations. | woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv) was discovered in serum samples from captive woodchucks (marmota monax) at the penrose research laboratory in december, 1977. whv belongs to the same class of viruses as hepatitis b virus (hbv), the cause of serum hepatitis in man. both appear to be associated with chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in their respective hosts. woodchucks were trapped and blood samples collected to determine the prevalence of whv in natural woodchuck populations. sera fr ... | 1981 | 7241716 |
| immunization of chimpanzees with hepatitis b virus-derived polypeptides. | previous studies established that the purified polypeptides derived from the 22-nm particles associated with hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) produce both humoral and cellular immunity against hbsag in guinea pigs. therefore, the two major polypeptides with molecular weights of 22,000 and 25,000 (p22 and p25, respectively) were isolated, adsorbed to an alum adjuvant, and used to immunize four nonimmune chimpanzees. a vigorous anti-hbs response was observed in all four animals after one inocul ... | 1981 | 7216495 |
| breeding of macaca fascicularis for poliovaccine production. | in our institute cynomolgus monkeys (m. fascicularis) are mainly used for production and control of poliovaccine. in 1974 a small individual breeding colony was started. last year the colony was enlarged with 10 harem groups. based on colony reproduction data, group breeding seems more successful than individual breeding. owing to developments in the production of poliovaccine, a state of total self supply is within reach. however attention must be paid to factors reducing breeding results, comp ... | 1981 | 7227650 |
| detection of antibodies to herpesvirus simiae and herpesvirus hominis in nonhuman primates. | sera from nonhuman primates, predominantly macaca species, were assayed by a serum neutralization test for antibodies to antigenically related herpesvirus simiae (b virus) and herpesvirus hominis type 1. the data indicate that there would have been approximately 50% error in the diagnosis of herpesvirus simiae infection if these sera had been tested only against herpesvirus hominis antigen. the role of active guinea pig complement in the serum neutralization test was also evaluated and found to ... | 1981 | 6264222 |
| susceptibility of monkeys to human hepatitis a virus. | a stump-tailed monkey, newly caught and without antibody to hepatitis b virus (hav), was successfully infected with human hav. the following alterations were observed in the monkey's functions: (1) elevation in activities of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and its type 5 isoenzyme (electrophoretically the fastest moving); (2) development of antibody to hav; and (3) shedding of hav antigen in feces. the virus isolated from the monkey, designated the hangzhou a-1a strai ... | 1981 | 6267143 |
| fatal herpesvirus infection in patas monkeys and a black and white colobus monkey. | fatal herpesvirus infections were diagnosed in 3 patas monkeys and 1 black and white colobus monkey over a 4-week period. herpesvirus was isolated from 1 patas monkey and from the black and white colobus monkey. both isolates had growth characteristics similar to herpesvirus hominis and herpesvirus simiae. the isolate from the colobus monkey antigenically appeared to be h simiae or h simiae-like, whereas the isolate from the patas monkey could not be conclusively identified with the antisera use ... | 1981 | 6276349 |
| antigenic and structural relationships of the surface antigens of hepatitis b virus, ground squirrel hepatitis virus, and woodchuck hepatitis virus. | the surface antigens of human hepatitis b (hbsag), ground squirrel hepatitis (gshsag), and woodchuck hepatitis (whsag) viruses were compared serologically, and their major polypeptides were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and tryptic peptide mapping. results showed that both gshsag and whsag are antigenically cross-reactive, that their major pairs of polypeptides have identical mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, and that the major polypeptides of gsh ... | 1981 | 6168776 |
| localization and nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen: comparison with the gene coding for the human hepatitis b virus surface antigen. | nucleotide sequence analysis was performed with the maxam--gilbert method on a cloned woodchuck hepatitis virus dna (eco whv dna). the structural gene coding for the envelope protein of the virus was localized on the viral genome in the partially single-stranded region between map positions 91.2 and 71. this gene is composed of 669 nucleotides and can code for a polypeptide of 25,645 daltons. the dna sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence were compared with those of the corresponding gene ... | 1981 | 6946471 |
| novel forms of woodchuck hepatitis virus dna isolated from chronically infected woodchuck liver nuclei. | we cloned several unique forms of woodchuck hepatitis virus, a dna virus closely related to hepatitis b virus, from a chronically infected woodchuck liver. each of the three clones contained more than two genome equivalents of viral sequences with extensive rearrangements and no detectable cellular sequences. from the frequency by which they were isolated from a library of recombinant clones, we estimate that they are present in approximately one copy per cell. of a total of 11 sites at which re ... | 1982 | 6294334 |
| cloning and structural analysis of integrated woodchuck hepatitis virus sequences from hepatocellular carcinomas of woodchucks. | woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv), like the related hepatitis b virus, induces in its natural host hepatocellular carcinomas that contain integrated viral sequences. as a first step in determining whether and how the integrated sequences contribute to formation of the tumors in which they are found, we have cloned two such integrations of whv and have determined their structure by restriction mapping and heteroduplex electron microscopy. the identity of the cloned sequences was confirmed by compar ... | 1982 | 6288257 |
| surface antigenic determinants of mammalian "hepadnaviruses" defined by group- and class-specific monoclonal antibodies. | the hepatitis b-like viruses (human hepatitis b virus, woodchuck hepatitis virus, ground squirrel hepatitis virus, and duck hepatitis b virus) are hepatotropic dna viruses which have been referred to collectively as "hepadnaviruses." using a murine monoclonal antibody (101-2) to the surface antigen of woodchuck hepatitis virus, we have shown that the surface antigens of mammalian hepadnaviruses (hbsag, whsag, and gshsag) are antigenically related via a common determinant (hv/101). furthermore, a ... | 1982 | 6177867 |
| antibody to hepatitis b virus surface and core antigens in gambia pouched rats (cricetomys gambianus). | sera from 108 cricetomys gambianus (gambia pouched rat) were investigated for hbv and hav serum markers. 42.6% of them evidenced anti-hbs and 12.0% anti-hbc. hbs ag was never detected. the most probable hypothesis is that these animals were infected with a new virus related to hbv. | 1982 | 7184516 |
| [enhancement of the activity of hepatitis b virus vaccine by association with murabutide]. | murabutide (n-acetyl-muramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamine-alpha-butylester), an mdp analogue, is a potential adjuvant for human immunization. high levels of specific antibodies were obtained in mouse and guinea-pig following administration with murabutide of low dosages of anti-hepatitis b viral vaccine containing the surface antigen (hbs). the effect of murabutide was enhanced without increasing the level of specific ige by association with suboptimal dosages of aluminium hydroxide. | 1982 | 6218866 |
| no in vivo effect of trisodium phosphonoformate on woodchuck hepatitis virus production. | the efficient in vitro inhibition of hepatitis b virus dna polymerase by trisodium phosphonoformate (pfa, inn: foscarnet sodium) and its low toxicity suggested that pfa could be used as a therapeutic agent for hepatitis b infection. pfa was also found to inhibit woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv) dna polymerase in vitro. as a model to test pfa's eventual effect, chronically whv infected woodchucks were treated with pfa. the animals were treated twice daily in a dosage which gave a minimum serum lev ... | 1982 | 6220563 |
| specificity of hepatitis b virus affinity for human hepatic tissue. | using radiolabeled purified hepatitis b surface antigen and human liver slices, the affinity of hepatitis b virus to its host organ was evaluated. saturable adsorption of the 125i-hbs ag complex to liver was demonstrated over both time and complex concentration which could be blocked by excess unlabeled antigen. the specific binding was not found using human pancreas, lung, or kidney tissue. correspondingly, no specific binding could be found for murine liver but it could be demonstrated with wo ... | 1982 | 7069406 |
| nucleotide sequence of a cloned woodchuck hepatitis virus genome: comparison with the hepatitis b virus sequence. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a woodchuck hepatitis virus genome cloned in escherichia coli was determined by the method of maxam and gilbert. this sequence was found to be 3,308 nucleotides long. potential atg initiator triplets and nonsense codons were identified and used to locate regions with a substantial coding capacity. a striking similarity was observed between the organization of human hepatitis b virus and woodchuck hepatitis virus. nucleotide sequences of these open regions in t ... | 1982 | 7086958 |
| presence and state of woodchuck hepatitis virus dna in liver and serum of woodchucks: further analogies with human hepatitis b virus. | 1982 | 7112938 | |
| biological characterization of acute infection with ground squirrel hepatitis virus. | ground squirrel hepatitis virus (gshv) is a small dna virus, structurally and antigenically related to the human hepatitis b virus, which occurs naturally among certain wild populations of ground squirrels (p. l. marion et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 77:2941-2945, 1980). serum from naturally infected animals was used to transmit gshv in the laboratory by parenteral inoculation of susceptible squirrels. sixty percent of recipient animals developed viral surface antigenemia after a latent p ... | 1982 | 7143570 |
| age related resistance to avian leukosis virus. iii. infectious virus, neutralising antibody and tumours in chickens inoculated at various ages. | viraemia and neutralising antibodies were determined in chickens of six age-groups following inoculation with leukosis virus of subgroups a and b at the age of 1 day, and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks respectively. the birds were kept in a filtered air positive pressure (fapp) house. a seventh age-group, accommodated in a separate fapp-house, was used as an untreated control. serum samples, received at biweekly intervals between 1-17 weeks post-inoculation, from birds of the groups inoculated at 4, 6, ... | 1982 | 18770194 |
| antibody to hepatitis b surface antigen in nonprimate animal species. | the hepatitis b virus infects only humans and higher apes. viruses similar to the human hepatitis b virus (hepadna viruses) have been discovered in several nonprimate species including woodchucks, ground squirrels, and domesticated ducks. to search for other models of hepatitis b virus infection, we screened serum specimens from 64 exotic animals (24 species), 56 domesticated animals (6 species), and 52 laboratory animals (3 species). samples were tested for deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase by e ... | 1983 | 6840476 |
| antigenic cross-reactions between woodchuck hepatitis virus and human hepatitis b virus shown by immune electron microscopy. | using immune electron microscopy (iem), low-level cross-reactions could be demonstrated between the surface antigens of hepatitis b and woodchuck hepatitis. however, immune complex formation was greatly enhanced by pre-exposure of the antigens to 0.5% deoxycholate. cross-reaction between the core antigens and e antigens of both viruses was also confirmed by iem as well as radioimmunoassay. it appears that the woodchuck sera used in this study may well contain an anti-immunoglobulin akin to rheum ... | 1983 | 6834011 |
| nonoverlapping antigenic sites of woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen and their cross-reactivity with ground squirrel hepatitis virus and hepatitis b virus surface antigens. | five nonoverlapping antigenic sites (sites i through v) of woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen were identified with competitive binding assays involving monoclonal antibodies. site i contributed to cross-reactions among surface antigens of hepatitis b-like viruses infecting woodchucks, ground squirrels, and humans. at least three distinct sites (sites i, ii, and iii) are responsible for cross-reactions between woodchuck and ground squirrel hepatitis virus surface antigens. sites iv and v o ... | 1983 | 6864882 |
| potency tests for hepatitis b virus vaccines in laboratory animals. | the production of a vaccine for use in humans using the plasma of persistent hepatitis-b virus antigen carriers is a recent development in preventive medicine. this new approach requires strict regulations as to quality control. one of these aspects is the immunogenicity of the vaccine that can be tested in laboratory animals, in which the anti-hbs formation is considered through average titre determinations or through an ed 50 test for seroconversion. both these determinations performed on mice ... | 1983 | 6228477 |
| use of the cross-reactivity with hepatitis b virus antigens and antibodies for the demonstration of a woodchuck hepatitis virus 'e' antigen-antibody system. | woodchucks hepatitis virus (whv)-associated antigens and antibodies were studied using current sensitive radio- or enzyme immunoassays (ria, eia). a significant cross-reactivity was observed between hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen (whsag) using ria or eia (abbott laboratories, north chicago, ill., u.s.a.) although not with two other commercial eia tested (organon technika, oss, the netherlands; behringwerke ag, marburg, f.r.g.). a weak but significant ... | 1983 | 6619256 |
| the nature of polypeptides larger in size than the major surface antigen components of hepatitis b and like viruses in ground squirrels, woodchucks, and ducks. | the relationships of various polypeptides associated with hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), ground squirrel hepatitis surface antigen (gshsag), woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen (whsag), and duck hepatitis b surface antigen (dhbsag) were studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and tryptic peptide mapping. analysis of independent antigen isolates by sds-page resulted in bands consistently observed at 24,000, 28,000, 32,000, 43,000, and 50,000 da with h ... | 1983 | 6636542 |
| rearrangement of the surface antigen gene of hepatitis b virus integrated in the human hepatoma cell lines. | the rearrangement of integrated hbv dna sequences in three different hepatoma cell lines, huh-1, huh-2, kg-55-t from japanese patients, were studied by blot hybridization using whole hbv genome or a hbsag or hbcag dna as a probe. the characteristic existence of multiple integration sites of hbv dna sequences in each hindiii-restricted hepatoma cell dna was revealed by the hbv genome probe. detection of the isolated hbsag gene in the hindiii fragment indicates that the integration of hbv dna was ... | 1983 | 6310497 |
| hepatitis b virus encodes an rna polymerase iii transcript. | we demonstrated that cloned hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna directs the synthesis of a 700-base rna (hbv 700) by rna polymerase iii in a cell-free transcription system. hbv 700 is the only transcript known to originate from the viral short strand and has been mapped to the region between roughly 1,635 and 954 base pairs on the viral map, between the surface and core antigen coding sequences but overlapping and opposing the putative dna polymerase and b protein genes. the in vitro initiation sites fo ... | 1983 | 6646123 |
| detection of interspecies idiotypic cross-reactions associated with antibodies to hepatitis b surface antigen. | a common idiotype was defined by a rabbit anti-idiotypic antiserum generated against human antibodies to hepatitis b surface antigen (anti-hbs). this idiotype was detected in anti-hbs from eight different individuals who had been previously infected with hepatitis b virus and is referred to as the chbs idiotype. the chbs idiotype was also identified in sera from rabbits, mice, guinea pigs, swine, goats and chimpanzees that had been immunized with hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). expression o ... | 1983 | 6832213 |
| transplantation of woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. | woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma has been successfully transplanted into nude (athymic) mice. the morphology of heterotransplanted tumor is similar to that of naturally occurring hepatocellular carcinoma before transplantation. the growth rate of transplanted tumor was very slow compared with those of other transplanted tumors. during the first month, only two tumors appeared. however, definitive tumor growth was noted in 6 of 20 nude mice about 3 months later. seventeen of 20 nude mice exhibi ... | 1983 | 6618433 |