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determination of herpes simplex virus type-specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.we determined type-specific antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using as antigens hsv-1 glycoprotein gc-1 and a hsv-2-specific polypeptide purified on affinity columns of monoclonal antibodies. all sera were initially screened for hsv antibodies by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a pool of triton x-100-extracted antigens of hsv-1- and hsv-2-infected hep-2 cells. the titer of hsv antibodies was predicted ...19836311871
correlation between low natural killing of fibroblasts infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 and susceptibility to herpesvirus infections.natural killer cells capable of lysing herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected fibroblasts were studied in three groups of patients unusually susceptible to severe herpes-virus infections. cord blood was evaluated because of the known susceptibility of neonates to disseminated infections due to herpes simplex virus type 2 at birth. only 30% of the cord blood specimens tested demonstrated normal lysis of hsv-1-infected fibroblasts and a normal increment in the lysis of infected over uninfect ...19836304202
herpes simplex virus-induced ribonucleotide reductase: development of antibodies specific for the enzyme.we have previously reported on the characterization of a novel ribonucleotide reductase induced in herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-infected mammalian cells. the virus-induced enzyme was partially purified, free of the constitutive cell isozyme, by fractionation of infected cell extracts with ammonium sulphate. in this report we describe a further purification of the virus-induced enzyme and the development of a rabbit antiserum capable of specifically inhibiting its activity. enzymically act ...19836304235
nucleotide sequence of the herpes simplex virus type 2 thymidine kinase gene.we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 strain 333. the sequence of the thymidine kinase gene exhibits an open translational reading frame of 1,128 nucleotides encoding a protein of 376 amino acids. the dna sequence was compared with that of the hsv type 1 thymidine kinase gene from strain mp (s. l. mcknight, nucleic acids res. 8:5949-5964, 1980) and from strain cl 101 (m. j. wagner, j. a. sharp, and w. c. summers, pro ...19836304336
neoplastic transformation by a cloned human cytomegalovirus dna fragment uniquely homologous to one of the transforming regions of herpes simplex virus type 2.specific dna fragments of human cytomegalovirus strain towne exhibited sequence homology to the transforming regions of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) when examined by nitrocellulose filter hybridization under nonstringent conditions. cloned towne xba i fragments b and c were homologous to both bgl ii transforming fragments n and c of hsv-2 dna, whereas cloned towne xba i fragment e was uniquely homologous to hsv-2 bgl ii fragment c. furthermore, towne xba i fragment e exhibited homology to ...19836304741
herpes simplex virus and human cancer. iii. search for relationship of herpes simplex antibodies and cervical dysplasia and labial neoplasia.we employed the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indirect hemagglutination (iha), and complement fixation (cf) methods to measure antibody titer to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) in patients affected by labial tumors or cervical dysplasias. no relationship of antibody titer to hsv-1 and labial tumors was detected by any of the three methods. association between antibody titer to hsv-2 and cervical dysplasias was revealed by iha (p less than 0.05) and elisa (p le ...19836304957
a novel method for determining the sensitivity of herpes simplex virus to antiviral compounds.a rapid and sensitive assay was developed to analyse the sensitivity of wild type hsv-1 and hsv-2 isolates with respect to a battery of antiviral substances. in the viral sensitivity assay, human embryonic lung fibroblasts are incubated with the virus isolate and different concentrations of the antivirals. after 1-3 days, the cells are disrupted and analysed for hsv type 1 or 2 antigens by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antigens corresponding to 17 plaque-forming units were detectable aft ...19836306030
9-([2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl)guanine: a selective inhibitor of herpes group virus replication.9-([2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl)guanine (2'-nor-2'-deoxyguanosine; 2'ndg) selectively inhibits the replication of herpes group viruses. in cell culture studies 2'ndg was at least 10-fold more potent than acyclovir (acv) in inhibition of human cytomegalovirus replication and epstein-barr virus-induced lymphocyte transformation and was about as effective as acv in inhibition of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 and varicella zoster virus. orally administered 2'ndg was 6- to 50-fold more ...19836306664
sexual and socioeconomic factors affecting the risk of past infections with herpes simplex virus type 2.between november 1978 and may 1980, a cross-sectional survey of 566 females and 391 males, aged 35 to 50 years, living in metropolitan toronto, was conducted to examine the influence of socioeconomic status and sexual behavior on the occurrence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2. antibodies to the virus were detected in 17.5% of females and 12.8% of males. lower socioeconomic status was associated with an increased risk of herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositivity for females but not ...19836307043
monoclonal antibodies for rapid diagnosis and typing of genital herpes infections during pregnancy.fluorescein-conjugated, type-specific monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus (hsv-1 and hsv-2) and group-specific antibody which recognizes both hsv-1 and hsv-2 were used to detect hsv-infected cells in clinical specimens. specimens were collected from 66 pregnant women with a past history of herpes genitalis or with suspected lesions. fourteen of 18 samples from which virus was isolated were positive by immunofluorescence test; four of 18 specimens had an insufficient number of cells (le ...19836307053
susceptibility of recent clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus to 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine: preferential inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 2.we examined the in vitro susceptibilities of three reference strains and 41 recent clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 to 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine. this thymidine analog exerts a type 2-preferential but not a type 2-specific antiviral effect. utilizing a microtiter assay with bhk-21 cells, we found that the mean (+/- standard deviation) 50% inhibitory dose for herpes simplex virus type 1 isolates was 0.58 +/- 0.30 micrograms/ml as compared with 0.33 +/- 0.20 microgram/ml for h ...19836307130
antiviral activity of the 3'-amino derivative of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine.3'-nh2-bv-durd, the 3'-amino derivative of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) replication. 3'-nh2-bv-durd was about 4-12 times less potent but equally selective in its anti-herpes activity as bv-durd. akin to bv-durd, 3'-nh2-bv-durd was much less inhibitory to herpes simplex virus type 2 than type 1. it was totally inactive against a thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of hsv ...19836307280
detection in antisera of antibodies that cross-react with herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gc.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein gc was purified by affinity chromatography with an immunosorbent column containing monoclonal antibody to hsv-1 gc, and its reactivity with rabbit antisera was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of radioimmunoprecipitates. positive reactions were detected between hsv-1 gc and rabbit hyperimmune antisera to both hsv-1 and hsv-2. electrophoretic analysis also revealed ...19836307870
blocked herpes simplex virus type 2-specific dna synthesis in simian virus 40-transformed hamster cells permissive for herpes simplex virus type 1.simian virus 40-transformed hamster cells (ll-1) permissive to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were shown to be relatively nonpermissive to hsv-2. when ll-1 cells were infected with hsv-2, there was a 3- to 4-log reduction in infectious viral progeny at 24 h postinfection as compared with hsv-1 under identical cultured conditions. hsv-2 could be carried in the ll-1 cell line for up to 12 passages without any appreciable cytopathology. various early functions of the replicative cycle of hsv-2 ...19836307875
colonization of murine ganglia by a superinfecting strain of herpes simplex virus.we report on the colonization of murine trigeminal ganglia after sequential infection of mice by herpes simplex viruses (hsvs). in preliminary studies, we have established that whereas the hsv-1(f) strain efficiently colonizes ganglia when inoculated by either the ear or eye routes, the hsv-1 x hsv-2 recombinant c7d colonizes ganglia when inoculated by the eye route only. the experimental design consisted of inoculating the right eye with c7d on day 1 and with hsv-1(f) in both left and right eye ...19836307880
replication at body temperature selects a neurovirulent herpes simplex virus type 2.a prototype strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hg-52) replicated at 31 degrees c was avirulent when inoculated intracranially into mice. this property was not altered after serial passage of the agent at 31 degrees c, but the virus became virulent after passage at 37.5 degrees c. the selection was not merely for an agent which replicated more efficiently at the higher temperature, but for viruses with enhanced capacity to replicate in the brains of mice. virulent descendants of plaque-purifi ...19836307887
an elisa technique to detect igg antibody to the early herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) antigen ag-4 in hsv-2 patients.an elisa system, based on urease activity was used for the detection and titration of igg to the immediate early ag-4 antigen in sera from hsv-2 patients. it detected low levels of igg to the ag-4 antigen in 32% of patients' sera known to contain complement fixing antibody to the antigen. furthermore, the sensitivity of the elisa system was 2- to 10-fold higher than the complement-fixation system depending on when the sera was taken from the hsv-2 patients. the system also allowed the easy detec ...19836308025
the use of monoclonal antibodies in (reverse) passive haemagglutination tests for herpes simplex virus antigens and antibodies.three monoclonal antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 2 have been tested for their suitability as reagents in reverse passive haemagglutination. two of these antibodies with specificity for virus glycoprotein d, when linked to red blood cells, were able to capture antigens without being agglutinated, but addition of immune serum subsequently led to agglutination. haemagglutination using these monoclonal antibody-linked, antigen-captured red cells was readily applicable to testing human s ...19836308140
phase i evaluation of 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine in immunosuppressed patients with herpesvirus infection.2'-fluoro-5-iodo-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (fiac) is a potent selective inhibitor of the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), varicella zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus in cell culture systems. fiac produces an unequivocal therapeutic effect in mice that have been inoculated with a lethal burden of hsv-1. we have administered fiac to 32 host compromised patients, 30 with advanced cancer, who were experiencing acute herpesvirus infections (varicella zoster, 2 ...19836309380
the effect of cycloheximide on the accumulation and stability of functional alpha-mrna in cells infected with herpes simplex virus.cells were infected with herpes simplex virus type 2, hsv-2(g), and incubated in the presence of cycloheximide (cx). when cx was removed and actinomycin d (act d) added, alpha-polypeptides icp 0 and icp 4 were synthesized at low rates. if cx was removed without adding act d, the rate of production of icp 4 increased while that of icp 0 remained constant. in cells treated with azetidine to enhance the production of icp 4 and 0, accumulation of functional mrna for icp 4 (determined indirectly by t ...19836310035
localization of the coding region for a 35000 dalton polypeptide on the genome of herpes simplex virus type 2.the cloned bglii n fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) dna has been shown to code for a 35k polypeptide. subfragments made by cleavage with xhoi, bamhi, sstii and xorii were then cloned and used with rna extracted from hsv-2-infected cells for mrna selection and in vitro protein synthesis. we found that the major translation product of such hybrid-selected mrna has a molecular weight of 35 000. by further mapping, dna coding sequences for this mrna were located within the region of b ...19836310044
nucleotide sequence of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) thymidine kinase gene and predicted amino acid sequence of thymidine kinase polypeptide and its comparison with the hsv-1 thymidine kinase gene.to analyze the boundaries of the functional coding region of the hsv-2(333) thymidine kinase gene (tk gene), deletion mutants of hybrid plasmid pmar401 h2g, which contains the 17.5 kbp bglii-g fragment of hsv-2 dna, were prepared and tested for capacity to transform lm(tk-) cells to the thymidine kinase-positive phenotype. these studies showed that hybrid plasmids containing 2.2-2.4 kbp subfragments of hsv-2 bglii-g dna transformed lm(tk-) cells to the thymidine kinase-positive phenotype and sug ...19836317035
intranuclear distribution of herpes simplex virus type 2 dna synthesis: examination by light and electron microscopy.uptake of [3h]thymidine by serum-starved baby hamster kidney cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 was investigated by light microscopic and electron microscopic autoradiography. the distribution of incorporated label altered throughout the period of viral dna synthesis. it was restricted initially to a few well-defined sites within the nucleus which increased in size and spread as infection proceeded until the entire nucleus was involved. the label was not associated with any identifi ...19836310045
immortalization and neoplastic transformation of normal diploid cells by defined cloned dna fragments of herpes simplex virus type 2.diploid syrian hamster embryo (she) cells were passaged after transfection with recombinant plasmids containing herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) dna inserts bgl ii focus-forming fragment n, bgl ii transforming fragment c, and ecori/hindiii fragment ae. cultures transfected with salmon dna or with 0.1-5.0 micrograms of bgl ii fragment n reached crisis and senesced. those transfected with 0.1-0.5 micrograms of bgl ii fragment c or its left-hand 64% subclone ecori/hindiii fragment ae escaped sen ...19836310602
activity of 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)thymine against herpes simplex virus in cell cultures and rabbit eyes.a new antiviral compound 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)thymine (2'-fluoro-5-methyl-ara-uracil [fmau]), was compared with acyclovir and idoxuridine in vitro against two strains of both herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2. determinations of the 50% effective dose varied slightly with each strain and with the host cells employed. the 50% effective dose for fmau and acyclovir against hsv-1 ranged from 0.1 microm to 0.5 to 0.6 microm in rabbit kidney cells and from 0.5 micro ...19836311085
hepatic infection by thymidine kinase-positive and thymidine kinase-negative herpes simplex virus after partial hepatectomy.herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection of mouse liver after partial hepatectomy was studied. partial hepatectomy resulted in the rapid onset of cellular dna synthesis and the appearance of many mitotic figures (peak, 3 days after surgery). similar changes were not seen in control animals. after partial hepatectomy, the mice were infected with thymidine kinase-positive (tk+) and -negative (tk-) hsv to investigate virus titers in liver tissue during liver cell replication. in control unoperated mice ...19836311750
herpes simplex virus non-structural proteins. iv. purification of the virus-induced deoxyribonuclease and characterization of the enzyme using monoclonal antibodies.the alkaline nucleases induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) have been purified from high salt extracts of virus-infected cells. the purification used three types of column chromatography and resulted in apparently homogeneous dnase preparations with good recovery. the enzyme from hsv-2-infected cells has been characterized. it had both exonuclease and endonuclease activity, each with an unusually high ph optimum. the enzyme had an absolute requirement for magnesium w ...19836311954
inhibition by acyclovir of herpes simplex virus type 2 morphologically transformed cell growth in tissue culture and tumor-bearing animals.rat embryo fibroblasts (ref) morphologically transformed by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and tumor-derived cells were tested for ability to grow in the presence of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine (acyclovir). results indicated that the effective dose of acyclovir (acv) required to inhibit hsv-2-transformed and tumor-derived cell growth by 50% (ed50) compared to mock-treated control cells averaged 15 to 75 micrograms/ml. in contrast, the ed50 of acyclovir was more than hep-2 cells. hsv-2 ...19836311971
insertion mutants of herpes simplex virus have a duplication of the glycoprotein d gene and express two different forms of glycoprotein d.we produced insertion mutants of herpes simplex virus (hsv) that contain two functional copies of genes encoding different forms of glycoprotein d (gd). these viruses have the gene for hsv type 2 (hsv-2) gd at the normal locus and the gene for hsv-1 gd inserted into the thymidine kinase locus. results of immunoprecipitation experiments done with monoclonal antibodies revealed that both gd genes were expressed by these viruses, regardless of orientation of the inserted hsv-1 gd gene, and that max ...19836312097
effect of phosphonoformate on symptomatic genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection of guinea pigs.using a guinea pig model of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 infection, phosphonoformate treatment initiated after the onset of symptoms had a therapeutic effect on the outcome of disease. severity of disease, viral shedding, and hsv-induced cellular changes in vaginal cytology were significantly reduced in drug-treated animals as compared to sham-treated animals, although virus was readily detected in the nervous system of animals from both groups. the percentage of animals harboring l ...19836298142
induction of a latent herpes simplex virus from a rat tumour initiated by herpes simplex virus-transformed cells.a rat tumour induced by cells transformed with the sheared dna of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 hfem alpha (re2a) was injected with the intertypic virus hsv-2 hg52 ts 1. separate plaques, isolated from cocultivation of excised tumour tissue with susceptible cells, yielded virus the dna of which had the restriction enzyme profile either of the injected hsv-2 virus or that of the hsv-1 virus, originally used to transform the cells. no evidence of in vivo recombination was detected. in hooded l ...19836298356
inversion of the two segments of the herpes simplex virus genome in intertypic recombinants.we have analysed by restriction site mapping the structures of the termini and l-s joint in several hsv-1/hsv-2 intertypic recombinants, including bx1(28-1), the virion dna of which has a marked overabundance of one orientation of the l segment, and subclones of bx1(28-1). all recombinants with both orientations of l present in equal amounts contain trl and irl regions derived at least in part from the same parent (hsv-1 or hsv-2) as a result of previously undetected crossovers in these regions. ...19836296294
herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 induce shutoff of host protein synthesis by different mechanisms in friend erythroleukemia cells.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 disrupt host protein synthesis after viral infection. we have treated both viral types with agents which prevent transcription of the viral genome and used these treated viruses to infect induced friend erythroleukemia cells. by measuring the changes in globin synthesis after infection, we have determined whether expression of the viral genome precedes the shutoff of host protein synthesis or whether the inhibitor molecule enters the cells as part of ...19836296433
characterization of herpes simplex virus 2 temperature-sensitive mutants whose lesions map in or near the coding sequences for the major dna-binding protein.by marker rescue with cloned herpes simplex virus 2 dna fragments, we have mapped the temperature-sensitive mutations of a series of herpes simplex virus 2 mutants to a region of the herpes simplex virus 2 genome that lies within or near the coding sequences for the major dna-binding protein, icp8. in cells infected with certain of these mutants at the nonpermissive temperature, the association of the major dna-binding protein with the cell nucleus was defective. in these cells, the dna-binding ...19836296440
herpes simplex virus. an expanding relationship to human cancer.herpes simplex virus (hsv) causes a wide spectrum of infectious disease in humans. during the past 15 years, evidence has accumulated indicating that, in addition, hsv may be a cause of human cancer, particularly cervical cancer. the research on hsv has taken five directions. first is detection of previous infection with hsv 2. this was the earliest approach and was performed largely with serologic assays. studies showed a higher incidence of infection with hsv-2 in cervical cancer patients as c ...19836300393
genetic analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants which define the genes for the major herpes simplex virus type 2 dna-binding protein and a new late function.eleven temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) exhibit overlapping patterns of complementation that define four functional groups. recombination tests confirmed the assignment of mutants to complementation groups 1 through 4 and permitted the four groups to be ordered in an unambiguous linear array. combined recombination and marker rescue tests (a. e. spang, p. j. godowski, and d. m. knipe, j. virol. 45:332-342, 1983) indicate that the mutations lie in a tight clust ...19836296441
genetic analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants which define the gene for the major herpes simplex virus type 1 dna-binding protein.we have assigned eight temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 to complementation group 1-1. members of this group fail to complement mutants in herpes simplex virus type 2 complementation group 2-2. the mutation of one member of group 1-1, tsha1 of strain mp, has been shown to map in or near the sequence which encodes the major herpes simplex virus type 1 dna-binding protein (conley et al., j. virol. 37:191-206, 1981). the mutations of five other members of group 1-1 map in ...19836296442
[level of cyclic nucleotides (camp and cgmp), atpase activity and calcium ion transport in hamster lymphocytes during tumor growth].the biochemical systems of lymphocytes of the peripheral blood and lymph nodes of hamsters with a herpes simplex (type 2) virus--induced transplantable tumor rapp hsv2 were studied. the camp concentration in tumor-bearing hamsters was 1.5-2 times higher, while cgmp level--2.2 times lower than in control. this was matched by a rise in the level of transport atpases in the lymphocytes of experimental animals. concanavalin a had practically no effect on the uptake of ca2+ by lymphocytes of tumor-be ...19836301159
molecular genetics of herpes simplex virus. viii. further characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in release of viral dna and in other stages of the viral reproductive cycle.previous studies have shown that cells infected with the herpes simplex virus 1(hfem) mutant tsb7 and maintained at the nonpermissive temperature fail to accumulate viral polypeptides. analyses of intertypic recombinants generated by marker rescue of tsb7 with herpes simplex virus 2 dna fragments localized the mutation between 0.46 and 0.52 map units on the viral genome (knipe et al., j. virol. 38:539-547, 1981). in this paper we report that the mutation in tsb7 affects several aspects of the re ...19836296445
enhancement of lewis lung carcinoma by the concomitant infection of the host with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2.infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv) enhances the growth of lewis lung tumor (llt). infection with hsv-1 enhances as efficiently as hsv-2. a significant acceleration of primary tumor formation was obtained. in mice, lung metastases were increased in number and size above the controls. enhancement occurred only with high doses of infectious virus and was also obtained only when the virus infection was at a site close to that of the tumor implantation. this finding, in addition to the lack of ...19836296746
fatal systemic herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in a healthy young woman.a previously healthy 28-year-old woman without historic or anatomic evidence of immunologic defect had a genital herpes simplex virus infection that rapidly progressed to systemic disease, with death 12 days after the onset of illness. herpes simplex virus type 2 was isolated from the liver and spleen and was also shown by direct immunofluorescence in the liver and spleen, but not in the brain. we have found no previously reported instance of death from this virus in a young adult uncompromised ...19836297097
viral genes modify herpes simplex virus latency both in mouse footpad and sensory ganglia.herpes simplex virus type 2 wild-type and 13 temperature-sensitive mutants have been examined for their ability to be recovered from latently infected biozzi mice. after inoculation into the rear footpad, virus could be recovered from both the dorsal root ganglia (drg) and the footpad (fp) at the site of inoculation (wt, ts 1, ts 2, ts 4, ts 6, ts 7 and ts 8), or from the drg only (ts 11 and ts 13), or from fp only (ts 3, ts 9, ts 12). two mutants (ts 5 and ts 10) have not been recovered from ei ...19836302212
herpes simplex virus non-structural proteins. iii. function of the major dna-binding protein.the herpes simplex virus type 2 major dna-binding protein has been functionally characterized using temperature-sensitive mutants in the complementation group 2-2. the mutants were shown to be defective in the dna-binding protein gene by mapping the mutants to the area of the genome known to code for the protein, and by demonstrating alterations in the major dna-binding protein induced in mutant-infected cells. the mutants were shown to be defective in the replication of virus dna. the nature of ...19836302216
a herpesvirus antigen in human premalignant and malignant cervical biopsies and explants.cervical biopsies and explant cultures from patients with squamous metaplasia, various grades of dysplasia, carcinoma in situ (cis), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma were screened for vp143, an early nonstructural polypeptide of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), vp143 was identified in 31% of biopsies exhibiting severe dysplasia, 29% with cis, and 41% with invasive squamous cell carcinoma. similar results were obtained when explants derived from these biopsies were examined for vp143. the ...19836295165
leptomeningitis and polycaryocyte formation in the cns of rats inoculated subcutaneously with herpes simplex virus.wistar rats were inoculated subcutaneously with either type 1 (hsv1) or type 2 (hsv2) herpes simplex virus at 5 days of age. animals were killed in extremis or at the end of the 14-day observation period postinoculation. acute destructive meningoencephalitis with hemorrhage and leukocytic infiltration was observed in both groups. polycaryocytes comprised of cells of the internal granular layer of the cerebellum were observed in some animals inoculated with hsv1. these multinucleated cells appear ...19836852211
viruses and human cancer.the cause of human cancer is probably multifactorial and the role of viruses is unclear. the study of retroviruses has led to the identification of oncogenes responsible for transformation and tumor induction. human viruses associated with malignancies include the jc virus (associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) and some adenoviruses. no human malignancies have been associated with the latter group. a number of herpes viruses of lower animals have been associated with malign ...19836870184
changes in the vaginal cytology of the guinea pig induced by herpes simplex virus.the vaginal cytology of guinea pigs with genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection was examined during acute and latent infection. cytologic changes similar to those observed in humans with hsv-2 genital infections were observed in the guinea pigs during acute infection. during latent infection, some animals continued to have abnormal cytology. the severity of the changes was reduced after treatment with phosphonoformic acid during acute infection.19836223477
herpes type 2 infection with unusual generalised manifestations and delayed diagnosis in an adult male.a case of severe generalised herpes simplex type 2 infection is described in an adult male who had known exposure to herpes. the patient first complained of headache, fever and neurological symptoms, and three to six days later of conjunctivitis, severe pharyngitis, arthralgia and vesicular lesions about the body. during the first 14 days of illness, including three in hospital, the patient was diagnosed as having infection with varicella virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, or hand-foot-and-mouth ...19836875292
lack of efficacy of amp against recrudescent genital herpes infections in guinea pigs.amp was evaluated for its efficacy against herpes simplex virus type 2 genital infections in guinea pigs. vaginally infected animals were treated twice a day with amp at 50 mg/kg per dose for 2 weeks. subcutaneous doses were started 10 weeks postinfection. amp treatment did not reduce the number of animals with recrudescent episodes when compared with saline-treated controls. in addition, amp treatment did not reduce either the number of lesions or the duration of the recrudescent episodes which ...19836685993
herpetic whitlow: report of a case with multiple recurrences.a case of recurrent herpetic whitlow is discussed. the patient, a dental assistant at the time of her initial infection, developed herpetic whitlow caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). she has subsequently experienced nine recurrent infections with lesion spread, scarring, and persistent paresthesia. the severity of the most recent recurrences appears to have diminished, and prodromal sensations, that is, increased local sensitivity, have occurred without the subsequent development of ...19836576289
efficacy of the acyclic nucleoside 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine against primary and recrudescent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in guinea pigs.the acyclic nucleoside 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (dhpg) was evaluated for its efficacy in protecting guinea pigs from primary and recrudescent infections of herpes simplex virus type 2. vaginally infected guinea pigs were treated twice a day with dhpg at 25 mg/kg per dose for 3 weeks. subcutaneous doses were started 3 h, 24 h, or 5 weeks after virus inoculation. treatment starting at 3 or 24 h reduced the severity of the primary infection by greater than 70% when lesions were grad ...19836607031
protection of newborn mice against herpes simplex virus infection by prenatal and postnatal transmission of antibody.pre- and postnatally acquired protection against herpes simplex virus type 2(hsv-2) infection mediated by maternal antibody was investigated in the newborn mouse. newborn mice, 2 days old, were inoculated with hsv-2 intraperitoneally after maternal immunization with live or inactivated virus. the survival rates improved in proportion to the maternal neutralizing antibody titres. ninety-three percent of animals delivered by caesarean section from immune mothers and suckled by non-immune mothers s ...19836842184
differential susceptibility of human neural cell types in culture to infection with herpes simplex virus.the ability of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 glasgow (strain 17), hsv-2 (strain hg52), temperature sensitive mutants and a thymidine kinase negative mutant of glasgow strain 17 to produce a cytopathic effect and induce viral antigen expression in primary and passaged human fetal brain cells was studied. no difference was detected between the behaviour of hsv-1 and hsv-2. cell-type-specific markers and indirect immunofluorescence were used to define unambiguously the type of individual cells in cu ...19836831193
detection of type-specific antibody to herpes simplex virus type 1 by radioimmunoassay with herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c purified with monoclonal antibody.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 specify at least four glycoproteins designated ga/gb, gc, gd, and ge. previous studies have shown that gc produced by hsv-1 is antigenically distinct from the corresponding hsv-2 glycoprotein. with the exception of gc, the glycoproteins of both serotypes share antigenic sites. standard serological assays fail to differentiate the antibody to the shared antigenic determinants from the type-specific antibody. in this paper, we describe a procedure for ...19836832831
[possibilities and limits of chemotherapy of diseases caused by herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus].the available antiviral chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of herpes simplex type 1 and 2 and varicella zoster virus infections are discussed in respect of their mechanism of action, clinical effects, and side effects. although effective under experimental conditions most of the antiherpetic drugs need further evaluation of clinical efficacy in controlled trials. it is possible to reduce initial herpetic pain mainly in patients with zoster by topical application of 5% 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridi ...19836841073
therapeutic activities of 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine and -thymine alone and in combination with acyclovir and vidarabine in mice infected intracerebrally with herpes simplex virus.the therapeutic effectiveness of two new antiviral agents, 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine and 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)thymine, was compared with that of acyclovir and vidarabine. in mice inoculated intracerebrally with high 50% lethal doses of herpes simplex virus type 2, nontoxic intraperitoneal or oral treatments with the two new fluorinated antiviral agents were highly effective in reducing mortality. the two drugs were also effective when trea ...19836625559
topography of remyelinated chronic spinal cord lesions in herpes simplex virus type 2 infections of mice.six-week-old outbred mice were infected intracerebrally with a low dose of the ms strain of herpes simplex virus type 2. about 1% of neurologically abnormal survivors developed paralysis or severe leg weakness during the first three weeks of infection. weakness persisted with little subsequent improvement. five to 8 months later, 4 such mice were killed, and each spinal cord was examined in epon sections in a series of transverse sections along their lengths. all cords had 2 or more major white ...19836655486
increase in laboratory-confirmed cases of herpes genitalis and neonatal herpes infections in israel.jewish women have been considered to be at low risk for genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections. during the period 1973 to 1981, genital herpes simplex infections were laboratory confirmed in 129 cases (81 women and 48 men). until 1976, only sporadic cases were reported to our laboratory. since then, the number of cases has gradually increased, reaching 31 new reported cases in 1981. the age distribution was typical for a sexually transmitted disease, with the peak of infection at ...19836662679
congenital absence of scalp skin and herpes simplex virus. a case report.a male infant, born at 40 weeks' gestation of a 27-year-old mother, presented at delivery with three scalp lesions, 2 to 4 cm in diam, covered with necrotic tissue and devoid of hair. the infant was born by natural vertex delivery within 2 hours of membrane rupture; birth weight was 3,300 g and apgar score 10. there were no other skin lesions, and physical and neurological examinations were normal. herpes simplex virus type 2 was isolated from the lesions and the mother's cervix. high titers of ...19836662680
antiviral and antitumor compounds from tunicates.tunicates provide a rich source of biologically active compounds with potentially useful medicinal properties. the most interesting compounds identified thus far are the didemnins, depsipeptides from a caribbean trididemnum species, which are potent inhibitors of l1210 leukemia cells in vitro and are also active in vivo against p388 leukemia and b16 melanoma. in addition the didemnins inhibit growth of a variety of rna and dna viruses in vitro and protect mice infected intravaginally with herpes ...19836681537
co-existence of malignant squamous cells and herpes simplex virus type 2-infected cells.a case is presented in which malignant squamous cells and herpes virus infected cells were recognized concomitantly at routine cytologic examination for detection of cervical cancer. further examinations on admission revealed stage ib carcinoma of the cervix and characteristic pathologic changes of herpetic infection in the tumor cell nests. virus was isolated from the cancerous tissues in the ectocervix following radical hysterectomy, and was identified as herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). t ...19836681607
carbocyclic arabinofuranosyladenine (cyclaradine): efficacy against genital herpes in guinea pigs.carbocyclic arabinofuranosyladenine (cyclaradine), a novel nucleoside analog with such desired features as hydrolytic and enzymatic stability, adenosine deaminase resistance, and low systemic toxicity, inhibited the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. the 5'-methoxyacetate prodrug form exhibited significant efficacy in the topical treatment of genital infections by herpes simplex virus type 2.19836684328
vaginal contraception with gossypol: a clinical study.a clinical study concerning the vaginal contraceptive efficacy of gossypol acetic acid was performed. fifteen women who had undergone tubal sterilization volunteered for the study. the effect of vaginal gossypol-containing gel on spermatozoa was determined by postcoital tests performed in subjects without and after using gossypol gel. after gossypol application, the number of spermatozoa found in cervical mucus was greatly decreased and, in eleven of the fifteen women, all spermatozoa seen were ...19836684533
antiviral activities of cloned human leukocyte interferons against herpes simplex virus type 2 infections of mice.human alpha-interferons (ifn-alpha s) made in bacteria were examined for antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections of mouse l-cells in vitro, and acute cervicovaginal and lethal systemic hsv-2 infections of balb/c mice. the recombinant dna-derived hybrid interferon ifn-alpha ad(bgl) showed pronounced antiviral activity in vitro, exceeding the activity of either of the parental subtypes ifn-alpha a and ifn-alpha d and that of the other hybrids ifn-alpha ad(pvu) and ...19836684674
evaluation of prodrugs of 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine for therapeutic efficacy in the topical treatment of genital herpesvirus infections in guinea pigs.prodrugs of the antiviral agent 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (araa), which were more effective than the parent compound in penetrating vaginal membranes in vitro, were synthesized and examined for efficacy in the topical treatment of genital infections with herpes simplex virus type 2 in female guinea pigs. treatment with 10% araa-5'-monophosphate or 10% araa-5'-monovalerate twice a day for 7 days, starting 6 h after intravaginal inoculation with virus, completely aborted the primary infecti ...19836686429
effect of cp-20,961 on genital herpes in guinea pigs.cp-20,961 (n,n-dioctadecyl-n',n'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)propanediamine) has been reported to be an interferon inducer, an adjuvant and a macrophage activator. in the present study, this compound was used therapeutically and prophylactically to treat genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections in guinea pigs. a significant decrease in the incidence of clinical lesions (p less than 0.05) was observed in animals treated intravaginally with 20 mg cp-20,961 (two doses each containing 10 mg) pr ...19836686755
rapid diagnosis of varicella-zoster virus infection by detection of viral deoxythymidine kinase in serum and vesicle fluid.a sensitive enzyme assay utilizing [125i]iododeoxyuridine as the substrate and ctp as the phosphate donor in combination with isozyme-specific antisera was used for direct detection and typing of herpesvirus deoxythymidine kinase (dtk) in clinical specimens. an investigation of 16 coded vesicle fluid specimens, taken in connection with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and herpes simplex virus infections, revealed viral dtk activity in 14 samples. all positive samples except one were taken within 5 d ...19836339548
current status and prospects for oral acyclovir treatment of first episode and recurrent genital herpes simplex virus.herpes simplex genitalis is an increasingly common primary or recurrent hsv infection. acyclovir (acv) has been found to diminish virus shedding and clinical symptoms in patients with first episode genital hsv when given topically or intravenously. as most patients with first episode disease do not require hospitalization and recurrent disease is usually less severe than the primary infection, out-patient treatment forms the basis of practical management. acyclovir is absorbed orally with plasma ...19836355052
lysis of herpesvirus-infected cells by macrophages activated with free or liposome-encapsulated lymphokine produced by a murine t cell hybridoma.thioglycolate-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages were activated in vitro by the lymphokine designated macrophage-activating factor (maf) produced by a murine t cell hybridoma to lyse herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-infected murine target cells. comparison of uninfected balb/c 10e2 cells with hsv-2-infected 10e2 cells showed that macrophages activated with maf selectively destroyed hsv-2-infected cells and left uninfected cells unharmed, as measured by an 18-h 51cr-release assay. in contras ...19836358037
preferential inhibition of 5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine phosphorylation by 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine in uninfected versus herpes simplex virus-infected cells.the cytotoxic effects of 5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (cf3durd) were effectively antagonized by 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine (5'-adthd). the antiproliferative actions of cf3durd were reduced in a dose-dependent manner by 5'-adthd in both hela and vero cells. in addition, the ability of cf3durd to kill hela cells (95% at 1 microm and 99% at 3 microm), as measured by cloning efficiency, was ablated entirely by 5'-adthd (300 microm). in contrast, the inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hs ...19836408395
either orientation of the l segment of the herpes simplex virus genome may participate in the production of viable intertypic recombinants.we have analysed the genome structures of 90 recombinant viruses produced by co-infection of baby hamster kidney cells with the dna of a herpes simplex virus type 1 temperature-sensitive mutant (tsd) and specific dna fragments of wild-type herpes simplex virus type 2 at non-permissive temperature. crossovers were located predominantly in regions of greatest intertypic homology, and we conclude that primary recombination occurred with the l segment of the genome in either orientation.19836296303
characteristics of a shared idiotype by two igm anti-herpes simplex virus monoclonal antibodies that recognize different determinants.two igm monoclonal antibodies (mcab) that recognized distinct antigenic determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv2) were shown to share idiotypes. seven other igm mcab generated to either hsv2 or the major envelope glycoprotein of hsv2, vp119, did not express this shared idiotype. the idiotypic determinants were associated with the antibody-combining site, because hsv2 inhibited the idiotype-anti-idiotype reactions. anti-hsv2 sera raised in balb/c mice also expressed the idiotype shared b ...19836187827
antigenic variants of herpes simplex virus selected with glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies.monoclonal antibodies specific for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoproteins were used to demonstrate that hsv undergoes mutagen-induced and spontaneous antigenic variation. hybridomas were produced by polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of p3-x63-ag8.653 myeloma cells with spleen cells from balb/c mice infected with hsv-1 (strain kos). hybrid clones were screened for production of hsv-specific neutralizing antibody. the glycoprotein specificities of the antibodies were determined by sod ...19836187935
characterization of a herpes simplex virus type 2 75,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein antigenically related to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c.evidence is presented that the herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein previously designated gf is antigenically related to herpes simplex virus type 1 gc (gc-1). an antiserum prepared against type 1 virion envelope proteins immunoprecipitated gf of type 2 (gf-2), and competition experiments revealed that the anti-gc-1 component of the antiserum was responsible for the anti-gf-2 cross-reactivity. an antiserum prepared against fully denatured purified gf-2, however, and three anti-gf-2 monoclona ...19836194310
human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex type 2 virus in normal and adenocarcinomatous prostate glands.normal prostate, benign prostate hypertrophy (bhp), and prostate adenocarcinoma (acp) biopsy specimens were analyzed for the presence of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-specific macromolecules. hcmv dna homologous sequences were detected in 2 of 13 normal prostate, 2 of 9 bhp, and 3 of 10 acp tissues, and hsv-2 dna homologous sequences were found in 1 normal prostate tissue and 2 acp tissues. in situ dna-rna hybridizations indicated hcmv-specific rna in 3 of ...19836188872
a micro solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detection of herpesvirus type-specific antibody: parameters involved in standardization.a micro solid-phase radioimmunoassay (micro-spria) was developed to demonstrate type-specific antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv1 and hsv2). glycoproteins from the 123,000 dalton region of hsv1 (vp123) and the 119,000 dalton region of hsv2 (vp119) were isolated on preparative polyacrylamide gels for use as antigens in the micro-spria. human sera selected from clinical samples by virological history and appropriate microneutralization data were used to standardize the micro-spr ...19836189848
a micro solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detection of herpesvirus type-specific antibody: specificity and sensitivity.the specificity and sensitivity of a micro solid-phase radioimmunoassay (micro-spria) that detects type-specific igg antibody to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv1 and hsv2) were evaluated. glycoproteins vp123 (molecular weight, 123,000) of hsv1 and vp119 (molecular weight, 119,000) of hsv2 were found to display the greatest degree of antigenic type-specificity of several hsv antigens tested with the micro-spria technique. when testing a group of sera, negative for anti-hsv antibodies by m ...19836189849
rapid and selective shutoff of plasma protein production in herpes simplex virus type 2-infected hepatoma cells.the effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection of hepatoma mca-rh7777 cells on the production of alpha-fetoprotein (afp) and several other secreted plasma proteins was examined. cells infected with hsv-2 were labeled with [35s]methionine for various times postinfection (p.i.). culture media and intracellular extracts were immunoprecipitated with plasma protein antibodies and examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the relative levels of afp and several other plasma proteins ...19836190309
herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein gf and type 1 glycoprotein gc have related antigenic determinants.the 104-s monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitated from herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-infected cell extracts the 75,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein gf and its 65,000-molecular-weight precursor (pgf). the precursor pgf was sensitive to endoglycosidase h digestion, indicating the presence of high mannose-type oligosaccharides, whereas the stable gf product was sensitive to neuraminidase digestion, indicating the presence of sialic acid residues. the 104-s antibody also weakly precipitated th ...19836191040
hla-restricted t lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against herpes simplex virus-infected cells in humans.cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) against herpes simplex virus (hsv) were induced in vitro from human peripheral blood lymphocytes by stimulation with hsv antigen. ctl generated by hsv type 1 (hsv-1) antigen stimulation killed not only hsv-1-infected target cells but also hsv type 2 (hsv-2)-infected target cells, though at a lower level. this evidence suggests that ctl against hsv recognize the hsv type-specific and type-common determinants on hsv-infected target cells. these ctl were generated from ...19836187690
immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2: recurrent lesions are associated with the induction of suppressor cells and soluble suppressor factors.cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 was investigated in infected inbred strain 13/n guinea pigs with (45%), and without, a history of recurrent herpetic disease (a. d. donnenberg, e. chaikof, and l. aurelian, infect. immun. 30:99-109, 1980). induction of suppressor cells capable of reducing the proliferative response of herpes simplex virus type 2-stimulated immune lymphoid cells was demonstrated in spleen cells from animals with a history of recurrent disease at recrudescence ...19836227561
immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2. v. risk of recurrent disease following primary infection: modulation of t-cell subsets and lymphokine (lif) production.phenotypic and functional characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) from 133 patients (87 female; 46 male) with documented primary or recurrent genital hsv-2 infection were determined by serologic testing and cmi [lymphocyte blastogenesis and lymphokine (lf)] evaluation. primary infection was followed by the development of virus-specific immune memory as defined in vitro by lymphocyte blastogenesis and the development of neutralizing antibody. virus-specific lif production was detect ...19836209056
mode of protection of mice against herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by propionibacterium.we compared various strains of propionibacterium with regard to protection of young adult mice against lethal infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). propionibacterium acnes, p. granulosum, and p. avidum were protective, while p. acidi-propionici and p. lymphophilum were ineffective. the protective effect proved to be in the cell wall fraction. attempts were made to elucidate possible mechanisms of the protection using both effective and ineffective strains. the results strongly sugg ...19836195512
x-linked resistance of mice to high doses of herpes simplex virus type 2 correlates with early interferon production.mice inoculated intraperitoneally with herpes simplex virus type 2 develop focal necrotizing hepatitis and eventually die from ascending myelitis and encephalitis. the genetics of resistance to the infection were analyzed in crosses between resistant c57bl/10 mice and susceptible balb/c mice. it was shown that the resistance of c57bl/10 mice to hepatitis induction was influenced by an x-linked dominant gene as previously shown for the gr mouse strain. the course of infection in the liver pointed ...19836196293
comparison of the antiviral effects of 5-methoxymethyldeoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate with adenine arabinoside-5'-monophosphate.methoxymethyldeoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (mmudr-mp) and arabinofuranosyladenine-5'-monophosphate (ara-amp) had significant antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) in rk-13 and vero cells. mmudr-mp and ara-amp were more potent than methoxymethyldeoxyuridine (mmudr) and arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-a) against the ms strain of hsv-2. mmudr-mp inhibited replication of hsv-1r (mutant resistant to mmudr). mmudr in combination with ara-amp showed additive act ...19836197027
the effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection on the genital tract of the female mice--a virological and cytopathological study. 19836096260
induction of nuclear deoxyribopyrimidine triphosphatase and sensitivity of clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus to (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine.in a blind study, 21 clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus which had been typed using differential growth on guinea pig embryo versus chicken embryo cells were tested for the presence of the viral deoxyribopyrimidine triphosphatase. in all isolates of type 1, the triphosphatase was present in the nuclei of the infected cells, while none of the hsv-2 isolates induced a nuclear enzyme. in all isolates there was a complete correlation between the presence of nuclear deoxyribopyrimidine triphosp ...19836135391
herpes genitalis in patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases.in a prospective study of 210 patients attending a hospital-based sexually transmitted disease clinic, we documented the prevalence of genital herpes infection (ghi) and its association with gonococcal infection (gi). herpes simplex virus type 2 was cultured from 58% of symptomatic patients and 0.5% of asymptomatic patients.the ratio of gi to ghi was 41:31 by clinical criteria. the laboratory-confirmed ratio was 41:18. these ratios are much higher than those normally used to estimate the caseloa ...198321283317
prospective study on the relationship between cervical neoplasia and herpes simplex type-2 virus. i. epidemiological characteristics.to determine the risk associated with previous herpes simplex type-2 (hsv-2) infection and possibly other virus infections, a prospective study of cervical neoplasia in more than 10,000 women was performed in the 1975-1983 period. the subjects were selected at random from an alphabetical listing of eligible women living in one district of prague. at enrollment colposcopy and cervical cytology were performed, a blood sample was taken and data regarding education, socio-economic status, personal h ...19846693194
characterization of herpes simplex virus 1 alpha proteins 0, 4, and 27 with monoclonal antibodies.analyses of the reactivity and patterns of synthesis of infected cell polypeptides (icps) specified by herpes simplex virus (hsv) 1 and 2 and by hsv-1 x hsv-2 recombinants indicated that monoclonal antibody h1183 reacted with hsv-1 alpha icp0, whereas monoclonal antibody h1113 reacted with both hsv-1 and hsv-2 alpha icp27. h1083 and h1113 and a monoclonal antibody to icp4 (h640) similar to one previously described (d. k. braun et al., j. virol. 46:103-112.) were then used to study the properties ...19846090689
extensive homology between the herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein f gene and the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c gene.the region of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) genome which maps colinearly with the hsv-1 glycoprotein c (gc) gene has been cloned, and the dna sequence of a 2.29-kilobase region has been determined. contained within this sequence is a major open reading frame of 479 amino acids. the carboxyterminal three-fourths of the derived hsv-2 protein sequence showed a high degree of sequence homology to the hsv-1 gc amino acid sequence reported by frink et al. (j. virol. 45:634-647, 1983). the am ...19846090692
complement-requiring neutralizing antibody in guinea pigs with primary and recurrent genital herpes.guinea pigs inoculated intravaginally with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) strain 1868 produced a serum complement-requiring neutralizing (crn) antibody during primary acute infection, i.e., 10 days postinoculation. the crn antibody titers in the guinea pig sera decreased to less than 1:10 after heating at 56 degrees c for 30 min. it was found that 32 units of complement were necessary to obtain a satisfactory hsv-2 neutralizing antibody titer. nonheated sera significantly reduced virus infe ...19846091148
more rapid isolation of herpes simplex virus in a continuous line of mink lung cells than in vero or human fibroblast cells.herpes simplex virus (hsv) was isolated from clinical specimens more rapidly in mink lung (ml) cells, a continuous cell line available from a commercial supplier, than in vero cells or human fibroblast (hf) cells. stock strains of hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 titered higher in ml cells than in vero or hf cells. ml cells were equivalent to rabbit kidney (rk) cells in the isolation of hsv in clinical specimens, but titers of stock hsv strains were lower. ml cells could be employed to type strains ...19846091988
expression of recombinant genes containing herpes simplex virus delayed-early and immediate-early regulatory regions and trans activation by herpesvirus infection.the promoter-regulatory regions from the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gene for the immediate-early, 175,000-molecular-weight (175k) protein and the hsv-2 delayed-early gene for a 38k protein were linked to the readily assayable bacterial gene for the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). unexpectedly, in measurements of the constitutive expression of the recombinant genes 40 to 50 h after transfection of vero cells, enzyme levels expressed from the delayed-early 38k-promoter-cat ...19846092673
herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 homology in the region between 0.58 and 0.68 map units.the homology between herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2, respectively) dna between 0.58 and 0.674 map units was compared by southern and dot blot analysis with dna of one type of virus as a hybridization probe against the other type. regions of high homology were interspersed with regions of detectably lower homology. however, only one region (between 0.647 and 0.653 map units) contained few or no homologous sequences. in situ rna blot hybridization demonstrated that the mrn ...19846092683
herpes simplex virus latency in immunosuppressed mice.to determine the role of antibodies in establishing herpes simplex virus (hsv) latency, immunosuppressed swiss mice were experimentally infected in the right hind footpad with a hsv-1 x hsv-2 recombinant (c6d) with low virulence. immunosuppression was induced by repeated intraperitoneal inoculations of cyclophosphamide (cy) and the production of antibodies to c6d in immunosuppressed animals was monitored by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). within 21 days after inoculation, c6d was able ...19846094985
comparative activities of selected combinations of acyclovir, vidarabine, arabinosyl hypoxanthine, interferon, and polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid complex against herpes simplex virus type 2 in tissue culture and intravaginally inoculated mice.the effects of double and triple combinations of acyclovir (acv), adenine arabinoside (ara-a), arabinosyl hypoxanthine, or interferon on herpes simplex virus type 2 in mouse embryo fibroblasts were measured. these in vitro data were compared with results obtained in mice infected intravaginally with herpes simplex virus type 2 and treated intraperitoneally with low- and high-dose combinations of acv, ara-a, or polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid(poly-l-lysine)carboxymethylcellulose complex [ ...19846083754
[detection of the virus-specific antigens of adenoviruses and herpes simplex virus in patients with malignant genital diseases].the possibility of detecting virus-specific antigens in women with various pathological changes of the genitalia (cancer and pre-cancer conditions) was demonstrated. comparative examinations of specimens from patients with cancer diseases of the genitalia for the presence of structural and virus-induced early antigens of hsv-2 demonstrated immunofluorescence test (ift) to be the diagnostic test for the detection of hsv antigens in patients with cervical carcinoma. the rate of virus-induced antig ...19846084901
prevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus and frequency of hla antigens in patients with preinvasive and invasive cervical cancer.previous herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections are known to predispose women for the development of cervical cancer, but causal relationship between the virus and the cancer has never been proven. forty-six patients with cervical carcinoma (13 with preinvasive lesions and 33 with various stages of invasive disease) were selected for the present study. among the patients 96% were seropositive for the presence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus compared to 87% of the 30 controls. antib ...19846086470
rapid detection of herpes simplex virus in clinical specimens by use of a capture biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent capture assay with biotin and streptavidin (capture b/sa elisa) was developed to detect herpes simplex virus (hsv) antigen. rabbit anti-hsv antibody (immunoglobulin g fraction) was coated on flat-bottom, irradiated, 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates and served to capture hsv antigen. clinical specimens from patients with genital herpes were added. biotin-linked rabbit anti-hsv immunoglobulin g was used as the second antibody. the antigen-antibody compl ...19846086705
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