Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| bell's palsy and herpes viruses: to (acyclo)vir or not to (acyclo)vir? | the majority of peripheral seventh cranial nerve palsy cases remain without an identified etiology and will eventually be diagnosed as idiopathic or bell's palsy. some features of this condition may be characteristic of a viral infection. indeed, several herpes viruses have been implicated as potential causative pathogens. besides varicella-zoster virus, shown to cause bell's palsy under the ramsay-hunt syndrome, recent years have seen an increased interest and focus on the possible herpes simpl ... | 1999 | 10540031 |
| dna priming-protein boosting enhances both antigen-specific antibody and th1-type cellular immune responses in a murine herpes simplex virus-2 gd vaccine model. | it has previously been reported that herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 gd dna vaccine preferentially induces t-helper (th) 1-type cellular immune responses, whereas the literature supports the view that subunit vaccines tend to induce potent antibody responses, supporting a th2 bias. here, using an hsv gd vaccine model, we investigated whether priming and boosting with a dna or protein vaccine could induce both potent antibody and th1-type cellular immune responses. when animals were primed with dna ... | 1999 | 10541436 |
| civamide (cis-capsaicin) for treatment of primary or recurrent experimental genital herpes. | neuropharmacologic agents able to disrupt normal virus-neuron interactions may provide an alternative strategy for the treatment of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections. we have previously shown that prophylactic treatment with capsaicin, a natural compound that alters function in sensory neurons, can protect guinea pigs against cutaneous hsv disease, even though the compound has no direct antiviral activity. here we have examined the ability of civamide, the cis isomer of capsaicin, to interfe ... | 1999 | 10543747 |
| protective immune correlates can segregate by vaccine type in a murine herpes model system. | a central tenet of vaccine development is to identify immune correlates of protection. both plasmid-encoded gd as well as recombinant protein gd can protect mice from lethal herpes simplex virus (hsv) challenge. it is known that different vaccine modalities should induce different immune phenotypes. yet, paradoxically, it is also thought that the basis for protection should rely on exploitation of vulnerabilities of the pathogen and therefore that the overlapping properties of these different va ... | 1999 | 10545480 |
| retinal vasculitis with a frosted branch angiitis-like response due to herpes simplex virus type 2. | 1999 | 10546946 | |
| a prospective study of new infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. chiron hsv vaccine study group. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections are endemic, but the clinical characteristics of newly acquired hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv type 2 (hsv-2) infections in adults have not been rigorously defined. we monitored 2393 sexually active hsv-2-seronegative persons for clinical and serologic evidence of new hsv infection. of the participants, 1508 were seropositive for hsv-1 and 885 were seronegative. charts were reviewed in a blinded manner for classification of those with genitourinary or oropharyng ... | 1999 | 10547406 |
| intracellular localization of the ul31 protein of herpes simplex virus type 2. | we studied intracellular localization of the ul31 protein of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in infected and transfected cells. the ul31 protein localized diffusely throughout the nucleus in infected vero cells and the distribution patterns of the ul31 protein appeared to be different from those of either replication protein icp8 or capsid protein icp35. in transfected vero cells it localized diffusely throughout the nucleus except the nucleolus at early times after transfection. at very low ... | 1999 | 10550666 |
| herpesvirus infection of inflammatory cells in human periodontitis. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and epstein-barr virus type 1 (ebv-1) are frequently detected in human periodontitis lesions. however, no information is available on the types of gingival cells infected by herpesviruses. the present study determined the presence of herpesviruses in polymorphonuclear neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and t and b lymphocytes in biopsies of periodontitis lesions from 20 adults. a nested polymerase chain reaction method was employed to detect hcmv, ebv-1, ebv-2, huma ... | 1999 | 10551163 |
| resveratrol inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication. | resveratrol, a phytoalexin, was found to inhibit herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) replication in a dose-dependent, reversible manner. the observed reduction in virus yield was not caused by the direct inactivation of hsv by resveratrol nor inhibition of virus attachment to the cell. the chemical did, however, target an early event in the virus replication cycle since it was most effective when added within 1 h of cell infection, less effective if addition was delayed until 6 ... | 1999 | 10551373 |
| cytopathic effect inhibition assay for determining the in-vitro susceptibility of herpes simplex virus to antiviral agents. | we compare a rapid dilution method for the determination of antiviral susceptibility of herpes simplex virus (hsv) with the plaque reduction assay. a total of 84 hsv clinical isolates were studied by both methods to detect in-vitro resistance to acyclovir and foscarnet. the rapid method showed for the detection of hsv isolates resistant to acyclovir and foscarnet, a sensitivity of 96. 8% and 100% and specificity of 100% and 100%, respectively. this method provides an easy and accurate screening ... | 1999 | 10552991 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein g-negative clinical isolates are generated by single frameshift mutations. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) codes for several envelope glycoproteins, including glycoprotein g-2 (gg-2) of hsv type 2 (hsv-2), which are dispensable for replication in cell culture. however, clinical isolates which are deficient in such proteins occur rarely. we describe here five clinical hsv-2 isolates which were found to be unreactive to a panel of anti-gg-2 monoclonal antibodies and therefore considered phenotypically gg-2 negative. these isolates were further examined for expression of the s ... | 1999 | 10559290 |
| quantitation of latent varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus genomes in human trigeminal ganglia. | using real-time fluorescence pcr, we quantitated the numbers of copies of latent varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) genomes in 15 human trigeminal ganglia. eight (53%) and 1 (7%) of 15 ganglia were pcr positive for hsv-1 or -2 glycoprotein g genes, with means of 2,902 +/- 1,082 (standard error of the mean) or 109 genomes/10(5) cells, respectively. eleven of 14 (79%) to 13 of 15 (87%) of the ganglia were pcr positive for vzv gene 29, 31, or 62. ... | 1999 | 10559370 |
| college students' knowledge and perceptions of genital herpes. | given the rising prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and the lack of accurate information about stds in general, it is important to understand specific aspects of knowledge and attitudes regarding genital herpes acquisition among college students. this study examined the knowledge and attitudes regarding hsv-2 among college students by recruiting subjects (n=518) from an undergraduate psychology class to complete a questionnaire. the percentage of students answering individual know ... | 1999 | 10563555 |
| confirmation of low-titer, herpes simplex virus-positive specimen results by the enzyme-linked virus-inducible system (elvis) using pcr and repeat testing. | the elvis hsv id test kit (an enzyme-linked virus-inducible system) (diagnostic hybrids, inc.) uses genetically engineered bhk cells to produce a detectable enzyme, beta-galactosidase, upon infection with either herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 (hsv-1) or hsv-2. twenty six elvis-positive clinical specimens were selected for study by pcr and with monoclonal antibodies because they were originally low-titer hsv-positive specimens by elvis but hsv antibody nonreactive upon follow-up staining of th ... | 1999 | 10565919 |
| inhibitory action of natural carrageenans on herpes simplex virus infection of mouse astrocytes. | the effects of the carrageenans 1t1 (lambda-type), 1c1 (kappa/iota-type) and 1c3 (upsilon/nu-type), isolated from the red seaweed gigartina skottsbergii, on herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) infection of murine astrocytes were investigated. the three compounds were effective inhibitors of virus replication, as determined by a virus yield inhibition assay, in astrocytes as well as in vero cells. the 50% inhibitory concentration was in the range of 0.9-3.6 and 0.4-3.2 microg/m ... | 1999 | 10567773 |
| co-infection of acyclovir-resistant and acyclovir-sensitive herpes simplex type 2 virus strains in bs-c-1 cells. | co-infection of bs-c-1 cells by the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) curtis strain with its acyclovir (acv)-resistant mutant (hsv-2-acv(r)), resulted in a severalfold increase in virus yield, as compared to a single infection. on the other hand, when two viruses (g strain and hsv-2-acv(r)) belonging to different strains of hsv-2 were involved, their growth was significantly inhibited; the decrease in the titer of the second virus to infect the cells was greater when its infection took place a ... | 1999 | 10567843 |
| the use of antiviral medications in the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of women. | over the last decades, major basic and clinical research in the field of antiviral therapy has allowed the health care provider to treat and prevent the morbidity and mortality of many viral infections. the health care provider is faced with challengers in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral stds in women. a number of antiviral compounds can be used for the treatment of acute infection. in addition, these medications have been proven to be safe and effective when administered over ... | 1999 | 10569451 |
| gammadelta t cell response induced by vaginal herpes simplex 2 infection. | the purpose of the present studies was to determine whether acute vaginal infection with herpes virus 2 altered the vaginal population of gammadelta t cells, and whether gammadelta t cells influenced the vaginal clearance of hsv-2. balb/c mice were infected intravaginally with the progressively lethal wild type 333 strain, or the non-lethal thymidine kinase deficient (deltatk- -hsv-2) mutant strain of hsv-2 virus. changes in vaginal t cell composition were examined by facs analysis 4 days after ... | 1999 | 10569697 |
| sexually transmitted esophagitis: primary herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in a healthy man. | 1999 | 10570350 | |
| rapid detection of hsv from cytologic specimens collected into thinprep fixative. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in neonates. a diagnosis of hsv on cervical cytologic studies could lead to a cesarean section, with an increase in the risk of maternal morbidity. the identification of viral lesions in sexually active women has medical and social implications. there have been reports of false positive diagnoses of hsv in patients with altered endocervical cells and with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3. we evaluated ... | 1999 | 10578975 |
| immunity induced by dna immunization with herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoproteins b and c. | the complete sequence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) glycoproteins b and c (gb & gc) were cloned into plasmid expression vectors and evaluated in murine and guinea pig genital hsv-2 models. balb/c mice were immunized with either pgb-2 or pgc-2 plasmids intramuscularly (im) or intradermally (id). the vaccines induced hsv-2-specific neutralizing and elisa igg antibody, but little or no enhancement of viral clearance from the vagina was detected following intravaginal challenge. immunizatio ... | 1999 | 10580201 |
| human herpesviruses types 6 and 7 and febrile seizures. | the frequency was studied with which human herpesviruses types 6 and 7 (hhv-6 and hhv-7) occur in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of patients with febrile seizures and matched control patients. csf samples were prospectively collected from a case series of patients with febrile seizures and from age-, sex-, and race-matched control patients without febrile seizures, all of whom were evaluated in the emergency department of an urban, tertiary care, pediatric medical center. using polymerase chain r ... | 1999 | 10580881 |
| hydroxyurea potentiates the antiherpesvirus activities of purine and pyrimidine nucleoside and nucleoside phosphonate analogs. | hydroxyurea has been shown to potentiate the anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities of 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogs such as didanosine. we have now evaluated in vitro the effect of hydroxyurea on the antiherpesvirus activities of several nucleoside analogs (acyclovir [acv], ganciclovir [gcv], penciclovir [pcv], lobucavir [lbv], (r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine [h2g], and brivudin and nucleoside phosphonate analogs (cidofovir [cdv] and adefovir [adv]). when evaluated in cy ... | 1999 | 10582877 |
| nitric oxide and macrophage antiviral extrinsic activity. | in this study we evaluated the relationship between nitric oxide (no) and macrophage antiviral extrinsic activity. macrophages activated by intraperitoneal injection of herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2), showed both extrinsic antiviral activity and high nitrite production in contrast to non-activated, resident macrophages. the extrinsic antiviral activity was observed in cultures of vero cells infected with hsv-1 and hsv-2. the no inhibitor n-monomethyl-l-arginine acetate (l-nma) impaired the antiv ... | 1999 | 10583595 |
| genital herpes and diabetic ketoacidosis: a patient report. | 1999 | 10587785 | |
| treatment of primary herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs by imiquimod. | imiquimod (also known as r-837 and s-26308) is an imidazoquinoline immune response modifier and is available in the us and several other countries for the treatment of external genital warts. imiquimod has no direct antiviral activity but demonstrates efficacy in several animal models of virus infection. the drug is recognized by antigen presenting cells including monocytes, macrophages, b-cells and dendritic cells and induces these cells to produce cytokines including interferon-alpha (ifn-alph ... | 1999 | 10588331 |
| isolation and characterization of an anti-hsv polysaccharide from prunella vulgaris. | a water soluble substance was isolated from a chinese herb, prunella vulgaris, by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and gel permeation column chromatography. chemical tests showed that the substance was an anionic polysaccharide. using a plaque reduction assay, the polysaccharide at 100 microg/ml was active against the herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), but was inactive against cytomegalovirus, the human influenza virus types a and b, the poliovirus type 1 or the ves ... | 1999 | 10588332 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) genome using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in clinical samples comparison of pcr with standard laboratory methods for the detection of hsv. | diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections is achieved by detecting the antigen and isolating the virus from the specimen, which requires 7-28 days. with the recently introduced molecular biological technique of polymerase chain reaction (pcr), the diagnosis of hsv infections has been made more rapid and specific. | 1999 | 10588457 |
| foscarnet treatment of genital infection due to acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 2 in a pregnant patient with aids: case report. | 1999 | 10589917 | |
| immune responses and protection against vaginal infection after nasal or vaginal immunization with attenuated herpes simplex virus type-2. | we compared nasal and vaginal immunizations using attenuated herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) for protection against vaginal infection with wild-type hsv-2. mice were immunized once intranasally, intravaginally after progestin (dp) treatment, or intravaginally with scarification after oestradiol treatment. compared with vaginal immunizations, nasal immunization did not increase immunoglobulin a (iga) plasma cell numbers in the vagina or elicit a higher antiviral iga titre in vaginal secretion ... | 1999 | 10594699 |
| bovine herpesvirus type 2 is closely related to the primate alphaherpesviruses. | bovine herpesvirus type 2 (bohv-2), also known as bovine mammillitis virus, is classified in the family herpesviridae, subfamily alphaherpesvirinae, and genus simplexvirus along with herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) and other primate simplexviruses on the basis of similarities in 4 genes within the 15 kb u(l) 23-29 cluster. this could be explained either by a global similarity or a recombination event that brought primate herpesviral sequences into a bovine virus. our sequen ... | 1999 | 10595411 |
| a comparison of virus isolation, indirect immunofluorescence and nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of primary and recurrent herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 infections. | 134 swabs in viral transport medium were received from 126 patients with suspected clinical hsv-1 and hsv-2 infections. they were tested by (i) nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction nmpcr (strongly positive specimens had visible bands on both rounds of pcr) without prior extraction, (ii) culture in primary rhesus monkey kidney, e6-vero, rd and hep-2 cells and (iii) antigen detection by immunofluorescence (if). antigen detection employed four novel pools (a-d) of monoclonal antibodies (mab): ... | 1999 | 10598085 |
| detection of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus by the polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) are human pathogens of significance involved in multiple diseases with either typical or atypical clinical features. in neonates and immunocompromised patients these alphaherpesviruses may cause life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis. detection of vzv by virus culture is difficult. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is quicker and more sensitive and applicable in most clinical microbiological laboratories. using degenerate primers, ... | 1999 | 10598093 |
| [effect of l-lysine-a-oxidase on development of herpetic genital infection in guinea pigs]. | 1999 | 10650465 | |
| reproductive and infectious risk factors for invasive cervical cancer in taiwan. | a community-based case-control study was carried out to assess multiple risk factors for invasive cervical cancer in taiwan. all of 183 cases of pathologically confirmed cervical cancer cases and 293 healthy neighborhood controls were recruited from taipei metropolitus. healthy controls were matched with cervical cancer cases for age and residence. multiple risk factors for cervical cancer were obtained from study subjects through standardized interviews according to a structured questionnaire. ... | 1999 | 10650799 |
| is placental tissue protein 17b/tip47 a new factor in cervical cancer genesis? | we identified novel members of the placental tissue protein 17 (pp17) protein family which consists of different-size variants of pp17; cdnas of pp17a and pp17b variants have also been cloned and sequence analyzed. by western-blot analysis in cervical carcinoma tissues we found overexpression of pp17b. compared to healthy controls a mean five-fold increase in the amount of pp17b was also detected in the sera of untreated cervical carcinoma patients, which declined after radical operations. in ou ... | 1999 | 10697545 |
| rapid detection of glycoprotein g gene for the diagnosis and typing of herpes simplex virus infection in genital herpes. | to develop a new, rapid, and convenient technique for the diagnosis and typing of herpes simplex virus (hsv) in genital herpes (gh). | 1999 | 10754943 |
| british co-operative clinical group national survey on diagnostic issues surrounding genital herpes. mssvd special interest group on genital herpes and the british co-operative clinical group. | to investigate the current use of diagnostic methods for genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection, to determine how information from these tests influences clinical practice, and to identify areas for future guideline development within genitourinary medicine (gum) clinics in the united kingdom. | 1999 | 10754945 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus dna in maternal breast milk by in situ hybridization with tyramide signal amplification. | in this study we investigated the prevalence of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) in maternal breast milk using the technique of in situ hybridization combined with the sensitive detection system of tyramide signal amplification. breast milk samples were collected from both breasts of 34 puerperals 4-5 days after delivery. hsv dna was detected in 16 out of 34 examined breast milk specimens. hsv dna was found in the milk of both breasts in 10 cases (62.5%), in that of left breast in 4 ... | 1999 | 10757038 |
| synthesis of 4'-substituted nucleosides and their biological evaluation. | 4'-c-ethynyl-beta-d-arabino- and 4'-c-ethynyl-beta-d-2'-deoxy-ribo-pentofuranosyl pyrimidines were synthesized. most of these 4'-ethynyl nucleosides showed interesting biological activities. | 1999 | 10780412 |
| epidemiology of genital herpes - recent advances. | genital herpes is a common, distressing infection which, due to increasing incidence world-wide, has become a prominent public health issue over recent years, even throughout the decade of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). since the late 1970's, the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection has increased by approximately 30 percent in the us. the number of sufferers world-wide is currently estimated at approximately 86 million people. new serological methods based on the dete ... | 1999 | 10210781 |
| us3 protein kinase of herpes simplex virus type 2 plays a role in protecting corneal epithelial cells from apoptosis in infected mice. | to clarify the biological role of us3 protein kinase of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in vivo, the expression of the viral antigen, the appearance of apoptotic bodies and dna fragmentation were examined immunohistologically after corneal infection of mice with three different kinds of hsv-2 strain 186: the wild-type virus, a us3-deficient mutant (l1br1) and its revertant (l1b-11). in both wild-type 186- and l1b-11-infected mice, viral antigen was diffusely found in the corneal epithelium; ... | 1999 | 9934683 |
| the affinity adsorptive recovery of an infectious herpes simplex virus vaccine. | the chromatographic purification of a recombinant herpes simplex virus (type 2) from salt- and heparin-released harvests of infected complementing vero (cr2) cells is addressed. functionalized matrices and process operating conditions are identified that provide adequate virus titres in eluates that are significantly reduced in cr2 cell protein and dna and possess a low level of hsv-2 protein. virus from diluted salt-released harvests (0.14 m nacl) was not appreciably adsorbed onto either hepari ... | 1999 | 10099562 |
| herpes simplex virus entry is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. | the initial step in herpes simplex virus (hsv) entry is binding of virion glycoprotein (g)c and/or gb to cell surface heparan sulfate. after this initial attachment, gd interacts with cell surface receptor or receptors, and the virion envelope fuses with the cell membrane. fusion requires viral glycoproteins gb, gd, gl, and gh, but the cellular factors that participate in or the pathways activated by viral entry have not been defined. to determine whether signal transduction pathways are trigger ... | 1999 | 10191187 |
| association of major histocompatibility complex determinants with the development of symptomatic and asymptomatic genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infections. | the clinical spectrum of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections, ranging from asymptomatic to frequently distressing outbreaks, suggests that there may be immunologic determinants of disease severity that are associated with human leukocyte antigen (hla) expression. a controlled, prospective study identified several major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and ii antigens whose frequencies are associated with hsv-2 infection or with frequent symptomatic genital recurrences. previous studies ... | 1999 | 10191207 |
| antiviral activities of biflavonoids. | biflavonoids such as amentoflavone (1), agathisflavone (2), robustaflavone (3), hinokiflavone (4), volkensiflavone (5), rhusflavanone (7), succedaneflavanone (9), all isolated from rhus succedanea and garcinia multiflora, as well as their methyl ethers and acetates, volkensiflavone hexamethyl ether (6), rhusflavanone hexaacetate (8), and succedaneflavanone hexaacetate (10) were evaluated for their antiviral activities. the inhibitory activities against a number of viruses including respiratory v ... | 1999 | 10193201 |
| cellular elongation factor 1delta is modified in cells infected with representative alpha-, beta-, or gammaherpesviruses. | earlier reports (y. kawaguchi, r. bruni, and b. roizman, j. virol. 71:1019-1024, 1997; y. kawaguchi, c. van sant, and b. roizman, j. virol. 72:1731-1736, 1998) showed that herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) infection causes the hyperphosphorylation of translation elongation factor 1delta (ef-1delta) and that the modification of ef-1delta is the consequence of direct phosphorylation by a viral protein kinase encoded by the ul13 gene of hsv-1. the ul13 gene is conserved in members of all herpesvirus s ... | 1999 | 10196346 |
| the murine homolog (mph) of human herpesvirus entry protein b (hveb) mediates entry of pseudorabies virus but not herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | a mouse member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, originally designated the murine poliovirus receptor homolog (mph), was found to be a receptor for the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (prv). this mouse protein, designated here murine herpesvirus entry protein b (mhveb), is most similar to one of three related human alphaherpesvirus receptors, the one designated hveb and also known as poliovirus receptor-related protein 2. hamster cells resistant to prv entry became susceptible upon ... | 1999 | 10196354 |
| genital herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding is increased in hiv-infected women in africa. | 1999 | 10197391 | |
| [mollaret's meningitis]. | 1999 | 10201123 | |
| [radiculomyelopathy due to genital herpes simplex virus infection (elsberg syndrome)]. | 1999 | 10201134 | |
| [herpes simplex virus hepatitis]. | 1999 | 10201154 | |
| cofactors for the acquisition of hiv-1 among heterosexual men: prospective cohort study of trucking company workers in kenya. | to determine the prevalence, incidence, and correlates of hiv-1 infection in a cohort of east african trucking company employees. | 1999 | 10203386 |
| evaluation of three glycoprotein g2-based enzyme immunoassays for detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 in human sera. | three new glycoprotein g-based enzyme immunoassays (eti-hsvk-g 2, sorin diagnostics biomedica [assay a]; hsv type 2 specific igg elisa, gull laboratories, inc. [assay b]; cobas core hsv-2 igg eia, roche [assay c]) for the detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 (hsv-2)-specific antibodies were evaluated. by testing sera from 25 individuals with culture-proven hsv-2 infection, the assays showed a sensitivity of 96%. the specificities, evaluated with sera from 70 hsv antibody-negative child ... | 1999 | 10203464 |
| laboratory diagnosis of common viral infections of the central nervous system by using a single multiplex pcr screening assay. | a multiplex pcr assay that detects the four commonest causes of viral meningitis and encephalitis in the united kingdom (herpes simplex virus [hsv] type 1 [hsv-1], hsv type 2 [hsv-2], varicella-zoster virus [vzv], and enteroviruses) was developed, and its sensitivity was compared with those of similar assays described previously for this application. compared to the previous assays, this single multiplex pcr assay had higher molecular sensitivities for the detection for each of the viruses and i ... | 1999 | 10203485 |
| ability of a rapid serology test to detect seroconversion to herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein g soon after infection. | sera (n = 188) from 29 patients with first-episode genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections were tested by pockit-hsv-2 and western blot (wb) to determine the speed of seroconversion. the median time to detection of hsv-2 antibody was 13 days (range, 3 to 102 days) by the pockit-hsv-2 test versus 13 days (range, 2 to 58 days) for wb. | 1999 | 10203544 |
| il-12 gene as a dna vaccine adjuvant in a herpes mouse model: il-12 enhances th1-type cd4+ t cell-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus-2 challenge. | il-12 has been shown to enhance cellular immunity in vitro and in vivo. recent reports have suggested that combining dna vaccine approach with immune stimulatory molecules delivered as genes may significantly enhance ag-specific immune responses in vivo. in particular, il-12 molecules could constitute an important addition to a herpes vaccine by amplifying specific immune responses. here we investigate the utility of il-12 cdna as an adjuvant for a herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) dna vaccine in a ... | 1999 | 10072541 |
| prevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus infections in eritrea. | herpesviruses establish latent infections in their hosts for life. the scarcity of data that exists in regard to herpesvirus infections in many african regions, could partly be due to the mild nature of their primary infections and the lack of means for their proper diagnosis. however, in recent decades the alarming spread of hiv infection in africa and associated frequent reactivation of herpesvirus infections is leaving less room for neglect. this seroprevalence study is intended to help in th ... | 1999 | 10073414 |
| evaluation of elvis hsv id/typing system for the detection and typing of herpes simplex virus from clinical specimens. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) is a common pathogen with two serotypes: hsv-1 and hsv-2. hsv infection does not pose much of a threat to an immunocompetent host but to an immunocompromised host or a neonate the infection can be fatal. the enzyme-linked virus inducible system (elvis) employs a genetically altered baby hamster kidney (bhk) cell line that allows for the rapid overnight detection of hsv but also includes an immunofluorescent stain for the simultaneous detection and typing of hsv-1 and h ... | 1999 | 10073415 |
| amplification of the six major human herpesviruses from cerebrospinal fluid by a single pcr. | we used a novel type of primer system, a system that uses stair primers, in which the primer sequences are based on consensus sequences in the dna polymerase gene of herpesvirus to detect herpesviruses by pcr. a single pcr in a single tube detected the six major herpesviruses that infect the central nervous system: herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), and type 2 (hsv-2), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6). we used the te ... | 1999 | 10074507 |
| interleukin-4-mediated inhibition of nitric oxide production in interferon-gamma-treated and virus-infected macrophages. | upon interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) stimulation, murine macrophages (mphi) produce nitric oxide (no) through expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos). interleukin (il)-4 treatment, even delayed 12 h relative to ifn-gamma, antagonized this induction, whereas infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) or treatment with tumour necrosis factor-alpha exerted a synergistic effect, which partly compensated for the antagonistic effect of il-4. neither il-4 nor hsv-2 affected the ifn-ga ... | 1999 | 10075021 |
| [virology, epidemiology and diagnosis of herpes genitalis]. | 1999 | 10081481 | |
| directed evolution of thymidine kinase for azt phosphorylation using dna family shuffling. | the thymidine kinase (tk) genes from herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 were recombined in vitro with a technique called dna family shuffling. a high-throughput robotic screen identified chimeras with an enhanced ability to phosphorylate zidovudine (azt). improved clones were combined, reshuffled, and screened on increasingly lower concentrations of azt. after four rounds of shuffling and screening, two clones were isolated that sensitize escherichia coli to 32-fold less azt compared with ... | 1999 | 10096293 |
| the immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil markedly potentiates the activity of lobucavir [1r(1alpha,2beta,3alpha)]-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]guanine against different herpes viruses. | mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) has been approved as an immunosuppressive agent in kidney transplant recipients and may thus be used concomitantly with antiherpetic agents, the latter for the treatment of intercurrent herpesvirus infections. the parent compound of mmf, mycophenolic acid (mpa), is a potent inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and causes depletion of the intracellular (deoxy)guanosine triphosphate [(d)gtp] pools. lobucavir [1r(1alpha,2beta,3alpha)]-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl ... | 1999 | 10096537 |
| effect of undecylenic acid as a topical microbicide against genital herpes infection in mice and guinea pigs. | there is increasing interest in the use of topical microbicides to help prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (std). undecylenic acid (ua), a monosaturated fatty acid, is the active ingredient in a number of over-the-counter (otc) antifungal spray powders, that also exhibits in vitro antibacterial and antiviral activity, including herpes simplex virus (hsv) activity. we, therefore, evaluated ua as a topical microbicide against genital hsv infection using the murine and guinea pig m ... | 1999 | 10027648 |
| development of a competitive elisa for detection of primates infected with monkey b virus (herpesvirus simiae). | two competitive elisas (c-elisas) are described that allow detection of antibodies against monkey b virus (bv, cercopithecine herpesvirus 1). the assays utilize monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the bv glycoprotein b (gb). two of these mabs specifically recognize bv gb while a third mab also reacts with the gb homologues of other primate alpha-herpesviruses (herpes simplexvirus-1, hsv-1: hsv-2; simian agent-8, sa8; and herpesvirus papio-2, hvp2). a c-elisa using the single cross-reac ... | 1999 | 10029325 |
| herpes in the time of aids: a comparison of the epidemiology of hiv-1 and hsv-2 in young men in northern thailand. | to compare the epidemiologic pattern of hiv-1, a recently introduced sexually transmitted disease (std) agent in thailand, with the pattern of hsv-2, a well-established std agent, so that future trends for both viruses can be better understood. | 1999 | 10029978 |
| improving the management of genital herpes. | most patients with herpes simplex virus infection have mild or subclinical disease and fail to seek medical attention or are misdiagnosed. but inexpensive and accurate new serologies are being developed. chronic suppressive therapy in patients with frequent recurrences reduces viral shedding and may reduce transmission. | 1999 | 10047759 |
| synthesis of 2'-methylene-substituted 5-azapyrimidine, 6-azapyrimidine, and 3-deazaguanine nucleoside analogues as potential antitumor/antiviral agents. | 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-6-azauridine (5) and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-6-azacytidine (8) have been synthesized via a multi-step procedure from 6-azauridine. 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-5-azacytidine (14a) and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-3-deazaguanosine (19a) and their corresponding alpha-anomers (14b and 19b) have been synthesized by the transglycosylation of 3',5'-o-(1,1,3,3- tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)-2'-deoxy-2'-methyleneu ridine (12) with silylated 5-azacytosine and silylated n2-palmitoyl-3-deazaguan ... | 1999 | 10048223 |
| a broad-spectrum microbicide with virucidal activity against sexually transmitted viruses. | sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), an alkyl sulfate surfactant derived from an organic alcohol, possesses surfactant properties but also denatures and unfolds both monomeric and subunit proteins. in preliminary experiments, we demonstrated that sds is a potent inactivator of herpes simplex virus type 2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at concentrations comparable to those used for the surfactant nonoxynol-9. we hypothesized that sds might be capable of denaturing the capsid proteins of nonenve ... | 1999 | 9925525 |
| limits in reliability of glycoprotein g-based type-specific serologic assays for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | type-specific serologic assays for herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 based on glycoprotein g-1 (gg-1) (hsv-1) and gg-2 (hsv-2) discriminate between antibodies against hsv-1 and hsv-2. we previously developed a western blot assay using gg-1 and gg-2 expressed in baculovirus, performed extensive validation studies, and determined that it was both sensitive and specific for type-specific detection of hsv antibody. here we report that, among a cohort of thai military recruits, the serostatus ... | 1999 | 9889222 |
| novel triazole 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides: stereoselective synthesis and biological evaluation. | a study on the use of protecting groups led to the employment of the para-methoxybenzoyl (pmb) group as a directing group in the synthesis of novel triazole 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides. use of the pmb group gave alpha:beta ratios of 1:6 in the glycosylation step with azidotrimethylsilane. a series of novel triazoles were generated for in vitro antiviral evaluation. | 1999 | 10358943 |
| immunization against genital herpes with a vaccine virus that has defects in productive and latent infection. | an effective vaccine for genital herpes has been difficult to achieve because of the limited efficacy of subunit vaccines and the safety concerns about live viruses. as an alternative approach, mutant herpes simplex virus strains that are replication-defective can induce protective immunity. to increase the level of safety and to prove that replication was not needed for immunization, we constructed a mutant herpes simplex virus 2 strain containing two deletion mutations, each of which eliminate ... | 1999 | 10359827 |
| sequential peripartum herpes simplex virus type 2 disease in parents and their newborn mimicking intrafamily spread of common viruses. | herpes simplex type 2 (hsv2) disease developed sequentially among two parents and their newborn. the father first became ill with upper-respiratory symptoms and fever. then, 5 days later, shortly after delivery, the mother had fever, pharyngitis, and diarrhea. subsequently, the infant developed undifferentiated febrile illness at the age of 3 days. hsv etiology was recognized by incidental isolation of hsv2 from the newborn naospharynx. the father never developed genital lesions and the mother's ... | 1999 | 10362081 |
| the role of gamma interferon in immune resistance to vaginal infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice. | we investigated the role of interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) in a mouse model of immunity to vaginal infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). within 8 h after immune mice were challenged intravaginally with hsv-2, ifn-gamma concentrations in vaginal secretions reached levels that can be antiviral in vitro. this rapid synthesis of ifn-gamma occurred in immune-challenged mice but not in nonimmune-challenged mice, indicating that it required memory t cells. immunostaining and in situ hybridiza ... | 1999 | 10366565 |
| fulminant herpes hepatitis in a healthy adult: a treatable disorder? | hepatitis due to herpes simplex virus (hsv) is a potentially fatal disorder that is often not considered in the differential diagnosis of acute hepatitis. this disease occurs most often in patients with impaired immunity and is very uncommon in healthy patients. hsv hepatitis presents with a wide clinical spectrum, and the clinical diagnosis is difficult. we describe a case of disseminated herpes virus infection with fulminant hepatitis mimicking an acute human immunodeficiency virus infection i ... | 1999 | 10372946 |
| antiviral activity of sandalwood oil against herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2. | sandalwood oil, the essential oil of santalum album l., was tested for in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2. it was found that the replication of these viruses was inhibited in the presence of the oil. this effect was dose-dependent and more pronounced against hsv-1. a slight diminution of the effect was observed at higher multiplicity of infections. the oil was not virucidal and showed no cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested. | 1999 | 10374251 |
| evaluation of a fully automated glycoprotein g-2 based assay for the detection of hsv-2 specific igg antibodies in serum and plasma. | ranking after infections with chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus, genital herpesvirus is the third most common sexually transmitted disease. the majority of recurrent genital herpes infections are caused by herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2). seroepidemiological studies on the prevalence of hsv-2 specific igg antibodies are especially important to study the impact of this infection among risk groups. | 1999 | 10382816 |
| the use of peptides from glycoproteins g-2 and d-1 for detecting herpes simplex virus type 2 and type-common antibodies. | identification and discrimination of latent herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection relies on antibody identification. the inclusion of synthetic peptides with hsv glycoproteins provides means for stable and discriminatory assays for population studies. | 1999 | 10382821 |
| herpetic salpingitis and fallopian tube prolapse. | we describe the unusual association of fallopian tubal prolapse and herpetic infection, an occurrence not previously reported to our knowledge. | 1999 | 10383700 |
| evaluation of anti-herpesvirus activity of (1's,2'r)-9-[[1',2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)cycloprop-1'-yl]methyl]- guanine (a-5021) in mice. | the anti-herpesvirus activity of (1's,2'r)-9-[[1',2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)cycloprop-1'-yl]methyl]guani ne (a-5021) was evaluated in murine cells and in several murine models of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection. against hsv type 1 (hsv-1), a-5021 was 15-30- and 30-60-fold more active, and against hsv type 2 (hsv-2), it was 2- and 8-fold more active than acyclovir and penciclovir in balb/3t3 cells, respectively. when antiviral compounds were administered orally (once daily) to mice infected intra ... | 1999 | 10389656 |
| clinical reactivation of genital herpes simplex virus infection decreases in frequency over time. | visits to physicians for genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection continue to increase. most patients with symptomatic infections have recurrences, but no studies of the long-term clinical course of genital herpes are available. | 1999 | 10391810 |
| herpes simplex hepatitis in pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature. | fulminant hepatic dysfunction in the third trimester of pregnancy accompanied by fever may result from disseminated herpes simplex virus. since 1969, 24 cases of herpes simplex hepatitis, including the current case, have been reported. mucocutaneous lesions are present in only half of cases; therefore, suspicion for diagnosis of this disease is low. twenty-five percent of cases were not diagnosed until autopsy. maternal and perinatal mortality are high, approaching 39 percent for both mother and ... | 1999 | 10394584 |
| [the significance of determining antibodies to viruses of the herpesviridae family in rheumatic diseases]. | assay of antibodies to cytomegalovirus (cmv), herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) in rheumatic patients. specification of their correlations with clinical symptoms. | 1999 | 10399234 |
| neutrophils aid in protection of the vaginal mucosae of immune mice against challenge with herpes simplex virus type 2. | large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) infiltrated the murine vaginal mucosa within 24 h after intravaginal inoculation with an attenuated strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). the role of these cells in resolution of a primary genital infection and in protection of hsv-immune animals against challenge with a fully virulent hsv-2 strain was investigated. depletion of greater than 95% of the pmns at the vaginal mucosal surface prior to intravaginal inoculation with an atten ... | 1999 | 10400730 |
| herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript encodes a protein which greatly enhances virus growth, can compensate for deficiencies in immediate-early gene expression, and is likely to function during reactivation from virus latency. | herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv1 and hsv2) enter and reactivate from latency in sensory neurons, although the events governing these processes are little understood. during latency, only the latency-associated transcripts (lats) are produced. however, although the lat rnas were described approximately 10 years ago, their function remains ambiguous. mutations affecting the lats have minimal effects other than a small reduction in establishment of and reactivation from latency in some case ... | 1999 | 10400759 |
| modified vp22 localizes to the cell nucleus during synchronized herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. | the ul49 gene product (vp22) of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) is a virion phosphoprotein which accumulates inside infected cells at late stages of infection. we previously (j. a. blaho, c. mitchell, and b. roizman, j. biol. chem. 269:17401-17410, 1994) discovered that the form of vp22 packaged into infectious virions differed from vp22 extracted from infected-cell nuclei in that the virion-associated form had a higher electrophoretic mobility in denaturing gels. based on t ... | 1999 | 10400775 |
| intranasal immunization with recombinant gd2 reduces disease severity and mortality following genital challenge with herpes simplex virus type 2 in guinea pigs. | the ability of a genetically detoxified mutant of heat labile enterotoxin (ltk63) to act as a mucosal adjuvant following intranasal immunization with recombinant gd2 has previously been reported in mice [ugozzoli m, o'hagan dt, ott gs. intranasal immunization of mice with herpes simplex virus type 2 recombinant gd2: the effect of adjuvants on mucosal and serum antibody responses. immunol 1998;93:563-571.]. in the current studies, these observations were extended to the guinea pig model. immunize ... | 1999 | 10403590 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts from the cell cultures of some turkish medicinal plants. | twenty-four callus, and eleven cell suspension, cultures were established from turkish medicinal plants, and crude extracts prepared from them tested against microorganisms to assess their antimicrobial activities in vitro. of the extracts tested, those belonging to the cell cultures of five of the plant species showed antibacterial activity against mainly three bacteria and a yeast. no activity was observed against herpes simplex viruses, hsv-i and ii, but an extract from hypericum capitatum sh ... | 1999 | 10404549 |
| typing of clinical herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 isolates with monoclonal antibodies. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1-specific anti-glycoprotein c-1 monoclonal antibody (mab) and a type 2-specific anti-glycoprotein g-2 mab for typing of 2,400 clinical hsv-1 isolates and 2,400 clinical hsv-2 isolates, respectively, using an enzyme immunoassay. the anti-hsv-1 mab showed sensitivity and specificity of 100%, and the anti-hsv-2 mab showed a sensitivity of 99.46% and 100% specificity, indicating that these mabs are suitab ... | 1999 | 10405430 |
| analysis of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 infection in women with high risk sexual behaviour in mexico. | this paper describes the seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection in a group of female prostitutes from mexico city. | 1999 | 10405866 |
| evaluation of the antiviral activity of natural sulfated polyhydroxysteroids and their synthetic derivatives and analogs. | disodium 3beta,21-dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one disulfate (2), sodium 3beta,21-dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one 3-sulfate (3), sodium 3beta,21-dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one 21-sulfate (4), and disodium 3beta,6alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one disulfate (6) have been synthesized and completely characterized for the first time from readily available materials. sulfation was performed using triethylamine-sulfur trioxide complex in dimethylformamide as the sulfating agent. selective sulfation of 3beta,21-di ... | 1999 | 10406483 |
| aseptic herpetic meningitis: an uncommon genital herpes sequelae. | aseptic herpetic meningitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by fever, headaches, confusion, and a combination of meningeal signs. the spinal fluid findings consist of an increase in mononuclear cells (mononuclear pleocytosis), increased protein concentration, and normal glucose concentrations. aseptic herpetic meningitis is thought to be caused by a viral infection, although the specific virus is usually not demonstrated. the condition is self-limited and requires no treatment. | 1999 | 10412172 |
| strategies to control the genital herpes epidemic. | genital herpes is a widely prevalent sexually transmitted disease. we introduce a spatial stochastic model to discuss strategies to control the epidemic. our caricatural description suggests three different directions in order to control the epidemic. first, if the transmission rate is low enough there can be no epidemic. second, even for a high transmission rate the epidemic will be avoided if the mean time a viral outbreak lasts in a patient is short enough. finally, the mean time between two ... | 1999 | 10414029 |
| [antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 2 among pregnant women in norway]. | the prevalence of antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 2 (anti-hsv-2) among pregnant women in norway is not known. to study the prevalence of anti-hsv-2, a random sample of 961 women was drawn from a study population of 35,940 pregnant women in norway during 1992-94. 27% (256/961) had anti-hsv-2. the prevalence increased with age. 17% of the 20-24-year-olds and 34% of the 35 year-old or older had anti-hsv-2. the presence of antibodies also varied geographically, from 18% in the south to ... | 1999 | 10414195 |
| correlates of herpes simplex virus seroprevalence among women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. | infections by herpes simplex viruses type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) are common in the united states. herpes simplex virus type 2 is transmitted sexually, and the prevalence of antibodies to hsv-2 has increased in recent years. goals of this study: the objective of the present study was to estimate the seroprevalence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 antibodies among women attending a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic and to evaluate factors associated with hsv-1 and hsv-2 seropositivity. | 1999 | 10417020 |
| identification of type-specific domains within glycoprotein g of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) recognized by the majority of patients infected with hsv-2, but not by those infected with hsv-1. | a combination of phage peptide display library mapping and pepscanning, with both murine monoclonal antibodies and a panel of well-characterized human sera, have been used in order to define type-specific epitopes of glycoprotein g of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) (gg2). both techniques revealed an immunodominant region of gg2, centred around amino acids 525-587 of the uncleaved gg2 molecule. a soluble peptide, equivalent to amino acids 551-570, when used as antigen in an elisa format was ... | 1999 | 10423148 |
| nucleosides and nucleotides. 185. synthesis and biological activities of 4'alpha-c-branched-chain sugar pyrimidine nucleosides. | a series of 4'alpha-c-branched-chain pyrimidine nucleosides was synthesized from 2'-deoxycytidine or uridine. in the 2'-deoxycytidine series, the substituent at the 4'alpha-position affected cytotoxicity against l1210 mouse leukemic cells in vitro in the order me (23) > cn (22) > c(symbol)ch (21) > ch=ch(2) (19) > et (24) > ch=chcl (20). however, uridine and cytidine derivatives with ethynyl and cyano groups at the 4'alpha-position did not show any cytotoxicity. the antiviral activities of these ... | 1999 | 10425099 |
| mhc-peptide ligand interactions establish a functional threshold for antigen-specific t cell recognition. | antigen-specific t cell recognition is dependent on the functional density of the tcr-ligand, which consists of specific mhc molecules and a specifically bound peptide. we have examined the influence of the affinity and concentration of exogenous peptide and the density of specific mhc molecules on the proliferation of a cd4+, dqa1*0501/dqb1*0201 (dq2.1)-restricted, hsv-2-specific t cell clone. using antigen peptide analogs with different mutations of known dq2-anchor residues, t cell response w ... | 1999 | 10426278 |
| recombinant glycoprotein vaccine for the prevention of genital hsv-2 infection: two randomized controlled trials. chiron hsv vaccine study group. | in the last 3 decades, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection seroprevalence and neonatal herpes have increased substantially. an effective vaccine for the prevention of genital herpes could help control this epidemic. | 1999 | 10432030 |