Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| hiv-1 and other sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of female sex workers in chiang rai, thailand. | to determine demographic and behavioural factors and sexually transmitted infections (stis) associated with prevalent hiv-1 infection among brothel based and other female sex workers (fsws) in chiang rai, northern thailand. | 1999 | 10448339 |
| use of antiviral treatment and prophylaxis is unlikely to have a major impact on the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2. | genital infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv) is common and can cause severe morbidity, over many years in some cases. aciclovir provides suppressive therapy but there is debate over the effects of its use on the spread of infection. | 1999 | 10448343 |
| difference in seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among antenatal women in hong kong and southern china. | 1999 | 10448369 | |
| should we be screening for asymptomatic hsv infections? | 1999 | 10448387 | |
| serological evaluation of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infections in pregnancy. | serological evaluation of herpes simplex virus infections during pregnancy. | 1999 | 10448394 |
| hydrogels containing monocaprin have potent microbicidal activities against sexually transmitted viruses and bacteria in vitro. | to investigate the in vitro microbicidal and cytocidal potency of monocaprin dissolved in pharmaceutical hydrogel formulations and to evaluate their potential use as vaginal microbicides against sexually transmitted pathogens such as herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), chlamydia trachomatis, and neisseria gonorrhoeae. | 1999 | 10448397 |
| is sexual transmission an important pattern for herpes simplex type 2 virus seroconversion in the spanish general population? | herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2) seroprevalence within a community is determined by sexual and perinatal transmission from mother to baby, the two main sources of virus shedding. a seroepidemiological study of hsv-2 was undertaken on a representative sample (n = 3974) of the spanish population to assess indirectly the relative relevance of these two transmission routes. the sample comprised 1922 men and 2052 women in the age range 5-59 years, stratified by sex and age (5-12, 13-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40 ... | 1999 | 10459155 |
| herpes simplex genitalis type 2: our experiences. | to review the recent research in genital hsv infection and to pay attention to this problem in slovene population. | 1999 | 10459458 |
| rapid identification and differentiation of baboon alphaherpesvirus sa8 from closely related hsv-1 and hsv-2 in xenograft transplant recipients. | background: rapid differential diagnosis of sa8 infection in humans following xenograft transplantation is an essential part of organ cell donor recipients. methods and results: we have developed a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based test using synthetic oligonucleotide primers and probe to detect sa8 dna in clinical samples. after assessing the specificity of the pcr for detection of laboratory sa8 isolates, the method was used in the investigation of human and baboon specimens and compared t ... | 1996 | 10462569 |
| nucleolar localization of the ul3 protein of herpes simplex virus type 2. | a rabbit polyclonal antiserum was raised against a recombinant 6 x his-ul3 fusion protein expressed in escherichia coli and used to examine the intracellular localization of the ul3 protein of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). the antiserum reacted specifically with 31 and 34 kda proteins in hsv-2 186-infected vero cells and with 31 and 35 kda proteins in ul3-expressing cos-7 cells. the ul3 protein localized both in the cytoplasm and in five to ten bright fluorescent granules in the nucleus c ... | 1999 | 10466815 |
| atypical presentation of herpes simplex virus in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | perianal infections caused by herpes simplex virus are common in immunocompromised patients. the cutaneous presentation in these patients is often atypical, overlaps with the clinical features of other diseases, poses a difficulty in diagnosis, and responds poorly to treatment. an immunocompromised patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, treated with oral corticosteroids, presented with chronic perianal ulcerations. this patient was referred for evaluation and treatment of "recalcitrant" pyod ... | 1999 | 10467507 |
| seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies in an std clinic in paris. | our objective was to evaluate the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 and hsv-1 in a population of men and women attending the std clinic of hôpital st-louis (paris, france). four hundred and eighty-seven patients (264 men and 223 women) were tested for hsv-2 and hsv-1 antibodies by specific enzyme immunoassay (eia) (smithkline-beecham biologicals). univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out for correlations with clinical, socio-epidemiological and behavioural data. hsv-2 s ... | 1999 | 10471101 |
| [fatal fulminating hepatitis due to herpes simplex virus type 2 in a young immunocompetent female]. | fulminant herpes simplex viral hepatitis is uncommon in immunocompetent subjects. a 24-year-old woman presenting hepatomegaly with fever was hospitalized after returning from a trip to southern africa. the patient was neither pregnant nor immunocompromised. because of recent tropical travel, differential diagnosis included alphabetic hepatotropic virus infection, yellow fever, african hemorrhagic fever, and arbovirus infection. after ruling out other common viral etiologies, a definitive diagnos ... | 1999 | 10472585 |
| glutathione s-transferase m1 genotypes and the risk of vulvar cancer: a population-based case-control study. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) facilitate the excretion of a variety of potential carcinogens. some 50-60% of caucasians are homozygous for the null allele of gstm1, a gene responsible for the presence of one of these enzymes. the authors examined whether women with the gstm1 null genotype are at altered risk of vulvar cancer. they obtained peripheral blood specimens from 18- to 79-year-old residents of king, pierce, and snohomish counties of western washington who were diagnosed with vulvar ... | 1999 | 10472942 |
| differential subtraction chain, a method for identifying differences in genomic dna and mrna. | identifying the genetic differences between two organisms or cell types has been a major goal in modern biomedical research. recently, we developed a novel methodology that can rapidly identify the differences between two populations of dna. this method, termed 'differential subtraction chain' (dsc), is based on a novel 'negative amplification' strategy that converts (amplifiable) tester sequences to counterpart (unamplifiable) driver sequences. the result is a double exponential elimination of ... | 1999 | 10481036 |
| [herpes simplex encephalitis]. | herpes simplex virus infection of the central nervous system is still a significant cause of morbidity and often mortality. changes of central nervous system are results of primary infection or activation of latent hsv-1, hsv-2. neurological deficits often follow encephalitis herpetica. the application of pcr is prompt and specific diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infections of the brain. advances in treatment herpes simplex encephalitis with acyclovir have improved outcome. | 1999 | 10481538 |
| the first immunoglobulin-like domain of hvec is sufficient to bind herpes simplex virus gd with full affinity, while the third domain is involved in oligomerization of hvec. | the human herpesvirus entry mediator c (hvec/prr1) is a member of the immunoglobulin family used as a cellular receptor by the alphaherpesviruses herpes simplex virus (hsv), pseudorabies virus, and bovine herpesvirus type 1. we previously demonstrated direct binding of the purified hvec ectodomain to purified hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 glycoprotein d (gd). here, using a baculovirus expression system, we constructed and purified truncated forms of the receptor containing one [hvec(143t)], two [ ... | 1999 | 10482562 |
| mycophenolic acid as acyclovir partner for combined inhibition of herpes viruses. | 1999 | 10483619 | |
| role of genotypic analysis of the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus for determination of neurovirulence and resistance to acyclovir. | mutations in the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv) have been associated with resistance to acyclovir (acy) and possible recognition of neurotropic strains. we sequenced a 335-bp segment of the tk gene to determine the frequency of mutations in hsv strains recovered from dermal, genital, and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens (n = 200; 102 hsv type 1 [hsv-1] 98 hsv-2 strains). four polymorphic sites were detected in hsv-1 strains; c513t, a528g, c575t, and c672t. among the ... | 1999 | 10488172 |
| acquired lymphedema of the hand due to herpes simplex virus type 2. | 1999 | 10490127 | |
| pcr detection of epstein-barr virus, herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus from the anal mucosa in hiv-seropositive and hiv-seronegative homosexual men. | this study aimed to examine the prevalence of the epstein-barr virus (ebv), herpes simplex virus (hsv) and human papillomavirus (hpv) in the anal and oral mucosa of homosexual men with and without hiv infection and to correlate these findings to cd4+ count and anal cytology. anal and oral cell samples from 20 hiv-infected and 14 non-infected homosexual men attending the std clinic at sahlgrenska university hospital, goteborg were examined for ebv, hsv and hpv by the polymerase chain reaction (pc ... | 1999 | 10492430 |
| antiviral activity of enterocin crl35 against herpesviruses. | enterocin crl35 is an antibacterial polypeptide of 3.5 x 10(3) da produced by enterococcus faecium crl35. a series of experiments are described that show the enterocin also had antiviral activity against thymidine-kinase positive (tk+) and deficient (tk-) strains of herpes simplex (hsv) type 1 and 2 in vero and bhk-21 cells. this activity was observed at 100 microg/ml, 15-fold lower than the cytotoxic concentration. in both cell lines there was a 2 log inhibition of infectivity. the compound inh ... | 1999 | 10493605 |
| identification and characterization of the ul14 gene product of herpes simplex virus type 2. | the ul14 gene of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is predicted to encode a 219 amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 23 kda. in this study, the hsv-2 ul14 gene product has been identified by using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum raised against a recombinant 6 x his-ul14 fusion protein expressed in e. coli. the antiserum reacted specifically with 34, 33 and 28 kda proteins in hsv-2-infected cell lysates and also with a 34 kda protein produced by in vitro transcription and translation react ... | 1999 | 10501497 |
| induction of hsv-gd2 specific cd4(+) cells in peyer's patches and mucosal antibody responses in mice following dna immunization by both parenteral and mucosal administration. | a dna vaccine encoding glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (phsv-gd2) was injected via parenteral and mucosal routes to determine the optimal route of delivery for immune stimulation. generation of distal mucosal immunity following parenteral vaccination was also evaluated. while all routes of dna vaccine administration resulted in systemic cellular and humoral responses, the intra-muscular (i.m.) and intra-dermal (i.d.) routes of delivery produced the highest responses. furthermo ... | 1999 | 10506646 |
| persistent infection of a lymphoma cell line by herpes simplex virus. | the peripheral blood cells from a patient with a b-cell lymphoma were established in long-term tissue culture. two years after establishment of the cells in culture they were infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 and the productivity and duration of viral persistence investigated. one week after infection the lymphoblastoid cells were productively infected and have remained so for a period of over 3 years. expression of a viral glycoprotein antigen was evaluated by using a fluorescein-labele ... | 1999 | 10509003 |
| prevalence and incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among male zimbabwean factory workers. | stored sera from a cohort of 2397 male factory workers in harare, zimbabwe, were screened for herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-specific antibodies, to estimate the prevalence and incidence of genital herpes infection and to assess the relation between hsv-2 and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) acquisition. the prevalence of hsv-2 at enrollment was 39.8%. correlates of hsv-2 seropositivity were hiv seropositivity, marital status, history of sexually transmitted disease (std), older age, and ... | 1999 | 10515804 |
| high prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in urban adolescent females despite moderate risk behaviors. | to better understand the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases (stds) among female adolescents, a prospective 6-month cohort study was conducted at four teen clinics in a southeastern city. at enrollment, 260 (40%) of 650 sexually active females ages 14-19 years had an std: chlamydia, 27%; herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), 14%; gonorrhea, 6%; trichomoniasis, 3%; and hepatitis b, 2%. at follow-up, 112 (23%) of 501 participants had an incident infection: chla ... | 1999 | 10515825 |
| herpes simplex virus inhibits apoptosis through the action of two genes, us5 and us3. | apoptosis of virus-infected cells occurs either as a direct response to viral infection or upon recognition of infection by the host immune response. apoptosis reduces production of new virus from these cells, and therefore viruses have evolved inhibitory mechanisms. we previously showed that laboratory strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) protect infected cells from apoptosis induced by cytotoxic t lymphocytes or ethanol. we have now evaluated the ability of hsv-1 and hsv-2 laboratory ... | 1999 | 10516000 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of the virion host shutoff gene (ul41) of herpes simplex virus (hsv): analysis of functional differences between hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 alleles. | during lytic herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections, the hsv virion host shutoff protein (ul41) accelerates the turnover of host and viral mrnas. although the ul41 polypeptides from hsv type 1 (hsv-1) strain kos and hsv-2 strain 333 are 87% identical, hsv-2 strains generally shut off the host more rapidly and completely than hsv-1 strains. in a previous study, we identified three regions of the hsv-2 ul41 polypeptide (amino acids 1 to 135, 208 to 243, and 365 to 492) that enhance the activity of ... | 1999 | 10516018 |
| isolation and partial characterization of an antiviral, rc-183, from the edible mushroom rozites caperata. | a protein of 10,425 da was purified from the edible mushroom rozites caperata and shown to inhibit herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 replication with an ic50 value of < or = 5 microm. the protein designated rc-183 also significantly reduced the severity of hsv-1 induced ocular disease in a murine model of keratitis, indicating in vivo efficacy. hsv mutants lacking ribonucleotide reductase and thymidine kinase were also inhibited, suggesting the mechanism does not involve these viral enzymes. an ... | 1999 | 10517309 |
| antiherpetic activity and mode of action of natural carrageenans of diverse structural types. | the lambda-carrageenan 1t1, the kappa/iota-carrageenan 1c1 and the mu/nu-type 1c3, isolated from the red seaweed gigartina skottsbergii, proved to be potent and selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2. the antiviral ic50 values determined by virus yield inhibition assay in different cell lines ranged from 0.4 to 3.3 microg/ml, and no cytotoxic effects, measured by trypan blue exclusion on stationary or proliferating cells, tetrazolium salt method or cell protein synthesi ... | 1999 | 10517311 |
| distribution of adjuvant mf59 and antigen gd2 after intramuscular injection in mice. | mf59, which is an adjuvant approved for human use, typically elicits higher antibody titers than alum when used in combination with a variety of recombinant and natural subunit antigens. the mechanisms responsible for the adjuvant action of mf59 are not fully understood. in particular, little is known about the in vivo distribution of mf59 and of antigen after intramuscular (i.m.) injection. the goal of the present study was to determine the distribution of mf59 injected with soluble antigen gd2 ... | 1999 | 10519932 |
| a patient with chronic lymphoid leukemia and recurrent necrotic herpetic lymphadenitis. | 1999 | 10527048 | |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 infection induced apoptosis in peritoneal macrophages independent of fas and tumor necrosis factor-receptor signaling. | freshly isolated macrophages from mature mice are poorly or nonpermissive for infections with hsv. however, despite lack of significant viral replication, hsv infection has been demonstrated to induce substantial cell death among macrophages. to determine if hsv-induced cytotoxicity of macrophages is due to apoptosis, peritoneal macrophages were obtained from c57bl/6 (b6) mice, and apoptosis was analyzed following hsv-2 infection in vitro. macrophages underwent apoptosis upon hsv-2 infection ind ... | 1999 | 10532654 |
| seroepidemiological study of herpes simplex virus in the female population in the autonomous region of madrid, spain. | 1999 | 10534198 | |
| whole cell lysate enzyme immunoassays vs. recombinant glycoprotein g2-based immunoassays for hsv-2 seroprevalence studies. | seroepidemiology studies of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections have been difficult to carry out because antibodies to hsv type 1 (hsv-1) show an extensive cross-reactivity with hsv-2 antigens. many kits available currently are not entirely type specific for serodiagnosis of hsv-2 infections and therefore do not allow reliable discrimination of past exposure to these closely related alphaherpes viruses. attempts to develop type-specific antigens have focused on the envelope glycoprote ... | 1999 | 10534733 |
| bell's palsy and herpes viruses: to (acyclo)vir or not to (acyclo)vir? | the majority of peripheral seventh cranial nerve palsy cases remain without an identified etiology and will eventually be diagnosed as idiopathic or bell's palsy. some features of this condition may be characteristic of a viral infection. indeed, several herpes viruses have been implicated as potential causative pathogens. besides varicella-zoster virus, shown to cause bell's palsy under the ramsay-hunt syndrome, recent years have seen an increased interest and focus on the possible herpes simpl ... | 1999 | 10540031 |
| dna priming-protein boosting enhances both antigen-specific antibody and th1-type cellular immune responses in a murine herpes simplex virus-2 gd vaccine model. | it has previously been reported that herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 gd dna vaccine preferentially induces t-helper (th) 1-type cellular immune responses, whereas the literature supports the view that subunit vaccines tend to induce potent antibody responses, supporting a th2 bias. here, using an hsv gd vaccine model, we investigated whether priming and boosting with a dna or protein vaccine could induce both potent antibody and th1-type cellular immune responses. when animals were primed with dna ... | 1999 | 10541436 |
| civamide (cis-capsaicin) for treatment of primary or recurrent experimental genital herpes. | neuropharmacologic agents able to disrupt normal virus-neuron interactions may provide an alternative strategy for the treatment of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections. we have previously shown that prophylactic treatment with capsaicin, a natural compound that alters function in sensory neurons, can protect guinea pigs against cutaneous hsv disease, even though the compound has no direct antiviral activity. here we have examined the ability of civamide, the cis isomer of capsaicin, to interfe ... | 1999 | 10543747 |
| protective immune correlates can segregate by vaccine type in a murine herpes model system. | a central tenet of vaccine development is to identify immune correlates of protection. both plasmid-encoded gd as well as recombinant protein gd can protect mice from lethal herpes simplex virus (hsv) challenge. it is known that different vaccine modalities should induce different immune phenotypes. yet, paradoxically, it is also thought that the basis for protection should rely on exploitation of vulnerabilities of the pathogen and therefore that the overlapping properties of these different va ... | 1999 | 10545480 |
| retinal vasculitis with a frosted branch angiitis-like response due to herpes simplex virus type 2. | 1999 | 10546946 | |
| a prospective study of new infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. chiron hsv vaccine study group. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections are endemic, but the clinical characteristics of newly acquired hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv type 2 (hsv-2) infections in adults have not been rigorously defined. we monitored 2393 sexually active hsv-2-seronegative persons for clinical and serologic evidence of new hsv infection. of the participants, 1508 were seropositive for hsv-1 and 885 were seronegative. charts were reviewed in a blinded manner for classification of those with genitourinary or oropharyng ... | 1999 | 10547406 |
| intracellular localization of the ul31 protein of herpes simplex virus type 2. | we studied intracellular localization of the ul31 protein of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in infected and transfected cells. the ul31 protein localized diffusely throughout the nucleus in infected vero cells and the distribution patterns of the ul31 protein appeared to be different from those of either replication protein icp8 or capsid protein icp35. in transfected vero cells it localized diffusely throughout the nucleus except the nucleolus at early times after transfection. at very low ... | 1999 | 10550666 |
| herpesvirus infection of inflammatory cells in human periodontitis. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and epstein-barr virus type 1 (ebv-1) are frequently detected in human periodontitis lesions. however, no information is available on the types of gingival cells infected by herpesviruses. the present study determined the presence of herpesviruses in polymorphonuclear neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and t and b lymphocytes in biopsies of periodontitis lesions from 20 adults. a nested polymerase chain reaction method was employed to detect hcmv, ebv-1, ebv-2, huma ... | 1999 | 10551163 |
| resveratrol inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication. | resveratrol, a phytoalexin, was found to inhibit herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) replication in a dose-dependent, reversible manner. the observed reduction in virus yield was not caused by the direct inactivation of hsv by resveratrol nor inhibition of virus attachment to the cell. the chemical did, however, target an early event in the virus replication cycle since it was most effective when added within 1 h of cell infection, less effective if addition was delayed until 6 ... | 1999 | 10551373 |
| cytopathic effect inhibition assay for determining the in-vitro susceptibility of herpes simplex virus to antiviral agents. | we compare a rapid dilution method for the determination of antiviral susceptibility of herpes simplex virus (hsv) with the plaque reduction assay. a total of 84 hsv clinical isolates were studied by both methods to detect in-vitro resistance to acyclovir and foscarnet. the rapid method showed for the detection of hsv isolates resistant to acyclovir and foscarnet, a sensitivity of 96. 8% and 100% and specificity of 100% and 100%, respectively. this method provides an easy and accurate screening ... | 1999 | 10552991 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein g-negative clinical isolates are generated by single frameshift mutations. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) codes for several envelope glycoproteins, including glycoprotein g-2 (gg-2) of hsv type 2 (hsv-2), which are dispensable for replication in cell culture. however, clinical isolates which are deficient in such proteins occur rarely. we describe here five clinical hsv-2 isolates which were found to be unreactive to a panel of anti-gg-2 monoclonal antibodies and therefore considered phenotypically gg-2 negative. these isolates were further examined for expression of the s ... | 1999 | 10559290 |
| quantitation of latent varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus genomes in human trigeminal ganglia. | using real-time fluorescence pcr, we quantitated the numbers of copies of latent varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) genomes in 15 human trigeminal ganglia. eight (53%) and 1 (7%) of 15 ganglia were pcr positive for hsv-1 or -2 glycoprotein g genes, with means of 2,902 +/- 1,082 (standard error of the mean) or 109 genomes/10(5) cells, respectively. eleven of 14 (79%) to 13 of 15 (87%) of the ganglia were pcr positive for vzv gene 29, 31, or 62. ... | 1999 | 10559370 |
| college students' knowledge and perceptions of genital herpes. | given the rising prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and the lack of accurate information about stds in general, it is important to understand specific aspects of knowledge and attitudes regarding genital herpes acquisition among college students. this study examined the knowledge and attitudes regarding hsv-2 among college students by recruiting subjects (n=518) from an undergraduate psychology class to complete a questionnaire. the percentage of students answering individual know ... | 1999 | 10563555 |
| confirmation of low-titer, herpes simplex virus-positive specimen results by the enzyme-linked virus-inducible system (elvis) using pcr and repeat testing. | the elvis hsv id test kit (an enzyme-linked virus-inducible system) (diagnostic hybrids, inc.) uses genetically engineered bhk cells to produce a detectable enzyme, beta-galactosidase, upon infection with either herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 (hsv-1) or hsv-2. twenty six elvis-positive clinical specimens were selected for study by pcr and with monoclonal antibodies because they were originally low-titer hsv-positive specimens by elvis but hsv antibody nonreactive upon follow-up staining of th ... | 1999 | 10565919 |
| inhibitory action of natural carrageenans on herpes simplex virus infection of mouse astrocytes. | the effects of the carrageenans 1t1 (lambda-type), 1c1 (kappa/iota-type) and 1c3 (upsilon/nu-type), isolated from the red seaweed gigartina skottsbergii, on herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) infection of murine astrocytes were investigated. the three compounds were effective inhibitors of virus replication, as determined by a virus yield inhibition assay, in astrocytes as well as in vero cells. the 50% inhibitory concentration was in the range of 0.9-3.6 and 0.4-3.2 microg/m ... | 1999 | 10567773 |
| co-infection of acyclovir-resistant and acyclovir-sensitive herpes simplex type 2 virus strains in bs-c-1 cells. | co-infection of bs-c-1 cells by the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) curtis strain with its acyclovir (acv)-resistant mutant (hsv-2-acv(r)), resulted in a severalfold increase in virus yield, as compared to a single infection. on the other hand, when two viruses (g strain and hsv-2-acv(r)) belonging to different strains of hsv-2 were involved, their growth was significantly inhibited; the decrease in the titer of the second virus to infect the cells was greater when its infection took place a ... | 1999 | 10567843 |
| the use of antiviral medications in the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of women. | over the last decades, major basic and clinical research in the field of antiviral therapy has allowed the health care provider to treat and prevent the morbidity and mortality of many viral infections. the health care provider is faced with challengers in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral stds in women. a number of antiviral compounds can be used for the treatment of acute infection. in addition, these medications have been proven to be safe and effective when administered over ... | 1999 | 10569451 |
| gammadelta t cell response induced by vaginal herpes simplex 2 infection. | the purpose of the present studies was to determine whether acute vaginal infection with herpes virus 2 altered the vaginal population of gammadelta t cells, and whether gammadelta t cells influenced the vaginal clearance of hsv-2. balb/c mice were infected intravaginally with the progressively lethal wild type 333 strain, or the non-lethal thymidine kinase deficient (deltatk- -hsv-2) mutant strain of hsv-2 virus. changes in vaginal t cell composition were examined by facs analysis 4 days after ... | 1999 | 10569697 |
| sexually transmitted esophagitis: primary herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in a healthy man. | 1999 | 10570350 | |
| rapid detection of hsv from cytologic specimens collected into thinprep fixative. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in neonates. a diagnosis of hsv on cervical cytologic studies could lead to a cesarean section, with an increase in the risk of maternal morbidity. the identification of viral lesions in sexually active women has medical and social implications. there have been reports of false positive diagnoses of hsv in patients with altered endocervical cells and with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3. we evaluated ... | 1999 | 10578975 |
| immunity induced by dna immunization with herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoproteins b and c. | the complete sequence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) glycoproteins b and c (gb & gc) were cloned into plasmid expression vectors and evaluated in murine and guinea pig genital hsv-2 models. balb/c mice were immunized with either pgb-2 or pgc-2 plasmids intramuscularly (im) or intradermally (id). the vaccines induced hsv-2-specific neutralizing and elisa igg antibody, but little or no enhancement of viral clearance from the vagina was detected following intravaginal challenge. immunizatio ... | 1999 | 10580201 |
| human herpesviruses types 6 and 7 and febrile seizures. | the frequency was studied with which human herpesviruses types 6 and 7 (hhv-6 and hhv-7) occur in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of patients with febrile seizures and matched control patients. csf samples were prospectively collected from a case series of patients with febrile seizures and from age-, sex-, and race-matched control patients without febrile seizures, all of whom were evaluated in the emergency department of an urban, tertiary care, pediatric medical center. using polymerase chain r ... | 1999 | 10580881 |
| hydroxyurea potentiates the antiherpesvirus activities of purine and pyrimidine nucleoside and nucleoside phosphonate analogs. | hydroxyurea has been shown to potentiate the anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities of 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogs such as didanosine. we have now evaluated in vitro the effect of hydroxyurea on the antiherpesvirus activities of several nucleoside analogs (acyclovir [acv], ganciclovir [gcv], penciclovir [pcv], lobucavir [lbv], (r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine [h2g], and brivudin and nucleoside phosphonate analogs (cidofovir [cdv] and adefovir [adv]). when evaluated in cy ... | 1999 | 10582877 |
| nitric oxide and macrophage antiviral extrinsic activity. | in this study we evaluated the relationship between nitric oxide (no) and macrophage antiviral extrinsic activity. macrophages activated by intraperitoneal injection of herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2), showed both extrinsic antiviral activity and high nitrite production in contrast to non-activated, resident macrophages. the extrinsic antiviral activity was observed in cultures of vero cells infected with hsv-1 and hsv-2. the no inhibitor n-monomethyl-l-arginine acetate (l-nma) impaired the antiv ... | 1999 | 10583595 |
| genital herpes and diabetic ketoacidosis: a patient report. | 1999 | 10587785 | |
| treatment of primary herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs by imiquimod. | imiquimod (also known as r-837 and s-26308) is an imidazoquinoline immune response modifier and is available in the us and several other countries for the treatment of external genital warts. imiquimod has no direct antiviral activity but demonstrates efficacy in several animal models of virus infection. the drug is recognized by antigen presenting cells including monocytes, macrophages, b-cells and dendritic cells and induces these cells to produce cytokines including interferon-alpha (ifn-alph ... | 1999 | 10588331 |
| isolation and characterization of an anti-hsv polysaccharide from prunella vulgaris. | a water soluble substance was isolated from a chinese herb, prunella vulgaris, by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and gel permeation column chromatography. chemical tests showed that the substance was an anionic polysaccharide. using a plaque reduction assay, the polysaccharide at 100 microg/ml was active against the herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), but was inactive against cytomegalovirus, the human influenza virus types a and b, the poliovirus type 1 or the ves ... | 1999 | 10588332 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) genome using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in clinical samples comparison of pcr with standard laboratory methods for the detection of hsv. | diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections is achieved by detecting the antigen and isolating the virus from the specimen, which requires 7-28 days. with the recently introduced molecular biological technique of polymerase chain reaction (pcr), the diagnosis of hsv infections has been made more rapid and specific. | 1999 | 10588457 |
| foscarnet treatment of genital infection due to acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 2 in a pregnant patient with aids: case report. | 1999 | 10589917 | |
| immune responses and protection against vaginal infection after nasal or vaginal immunization with attenuated herpes simplex virus type-2. | we compared nasal and vaginal immunizations using attenuated herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) for protection against vaginal infection with wild-type hsv-2. mice were immunized once intranasally, intravaginally after progestin (dp) treatment, or intravaginally with scarification after oestradiol treatment. compared with vaginal immunizations, nasal immunization did not increase immunoglobulin a (iga) plasma cell numbers in the vagina or elicit a higher antiviral iga titre in vaginal secretion ... | 1999 | 10594699 |
| bovine herpesvirus type 2 is closely related to the primate alphaherpesviruses. | bovine herpesvirus type 2 (bohv-2), also known as bovine mammillitis virus, is classified in the family herpesviridae, subfamily alphaherpesvirinae, and genus simplexvirus along with herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) and other primate simplexviruses on the basis of similarities in 4 genes within the 15 kb u(l) 23-29 cluster. this could be explained either by a global similarity or a recombination event that brought primate herpesviral sequences into a bovine virus. our sequen ... | 1999 | 10595411 |
| a comparison of virus isolation, indirect immunofluorescence and nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of primary and recurrent herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 infections. | 134 swabs in viral transport medium were received from 126 patients with suspected clinical hsv-1 and hsv-2 infections. they were tested by (i) nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction nmpcr (strongly positive specimens had visible bands on both rounds of pcr) without prior extraction, (ii) culture in primary rhesus monkey kidney, e6-vero, rd and hep-2 cells and (iii) antigen detection by immunofluorescence (if). antigen detection employed four novel pools (a-d) of monoclonal antibodies (mab): ... | 1999 | 10598085 |
| detection of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus by the polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) are human pathogens of significance involved in multiple diseases with either typical or atypical clinical features. in neonates and immunocompromised patients these alphaherpesviruses may cause life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis. detection of vzv by virus culture is difficult. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is quicker and more sensitive and applicable in most clinical microbiological laboratories. using degenerate primers, ... | 1999 | 10598093 |
| persistence of infectious herpes simplex virus type 2 in the nervous system in mice after antiviral chemotherapy. | young adult mice were inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in the ear pinna. a relatively severe infection resulted, and 45% of the mice died by 11 days postinfection. therapy at 1 mg/ml by means of the drinking water with either famciclovir for periods of 5 or 10 days or valaciclovir for 5, 10, 15, or 20 days decreased clinical signs and reduced mortality to 15% or less. throughout a period of 27 days, mice were tested daily for the presence of infectious virus in the ear pinna, ... | 2000 | 10602729 |
| a study on the potential role of trichomonas vaginalis in transmission of herpes simplex virus type ii. | some strains of trichomonas vaginalis have been reported to contain virus-like particles (vlp). whether they were natural inhabitants or acquired from the host, the emerging question will be about the potential role of this protozoan in viral transmission. the present model have been established for studying the ability of t. vaginalis to acquire herpes simplex virus type ii (hsv). green monkey kidney cells (vero cells) were infected with hcv and t. vaginalis was inoculated 3 days later. the pro ... | 1999 | 10605506 |
| cervical shedding of herpes simplex virus in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: effects of hormonal contraception, pregnancy, and vitamin a deficiency. | genital shedding of herpes simplex virus (hsv) results in frequent transmission of infection to sexual partners and neonates. in a cross-sectional study, cervical shedding of hsv dna was detected in 43 (17%) cervical swab samples from 273 women seropositive for hsv-1, hsv-2, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). cervical shedding of hsv was significantly associated with oral contraception (adjusted odds ratio [aor], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [ci], 1.7-12.2), use of depo-medroxyprog ... | 2000 | 10608751 |
| limited antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity antibody response induced by a herpes simplex virus type 2 subunit vaccine. | the humoral response to a herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 subunit vaccine containing recombinant glycoproteins b (gb2) and d (gd2) was tested in 3 groups of patients. these included hsv-seronegative, hsv-1-seropositive, and hsv-2-seropositive individuals. there were excellent antibody responses, as measured by gb2- and gd2-specific elisas and hsv-2 neutralization assays. however, in 2 hsv-2 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) assays, there were relatively low antibody responses, es ... | 2000 | 10608784 |
| antiapoptotic activity of herpes simplex virus type 2: the role of us3 protein kinase gene. | in order to determine the ability of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) to suppress apoptosis, we examined the effect of hsv-2 infection on apoptosis induced in hep-2 cells by treatment with 1 m sorbitol. although a wild-type strain of hsv-2 induced apoptosis in a significant fraction of the infected cells, hsv-2 could suppress sorbitol-induced apoptosis in a manner similar to that of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), indicating that hsv-2, like hsv-1, has an antiapoptosis gene. characteriza ... | 1999 | 10611736 |
| national guideline for the management of genital herpes. clinical effectiveness group (association of genitourinary medicine and the medical society for the study of venereal diseases). | 1999 | 10616378 | |
| in vitro and in vivo evaluations of sodium lauryl sulfate and dextran sulfate as microbicides against herpes simplex and human immunodeficiency viruses. | the efficacy of sodium lauryl sulfate (sls), a sulfated anionic chaotropic surfactant, and dextran sulfate (ds), a polysulfated carbohydrate, against herpes simplex virus (hsv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections was evaluated in cultured cells and in different murine models of hsv infection. results showed that both sls and ds were potent inhibitors of the infectivities of various hsv-1 and hsv-2 strains. pretreatment of hiv-1 (strain nl4-3) with sls also reduced its infectivity t ... | 2000 | 10618073 |
| effect of route of vaccination with vaccinia virus expressing hsv-2 glycoprotein d on protection from genital hsv-2 infection. | to evaluate the effects of the route of vaccination on protection against genital hsv infection guinea pigs were vaccinated twice with vaccinia recombinants expressing hsv-2 glycoprotein d or controls by intradermal, intranasal or intravaginal inoculation. following hsv-2 intravaginal challenge, immunization by all 3 routes reduced vaginal hsv shedding and acute genital disease. the intravaginal vaccination, however, most effectively reduced primary and recurrent hsv disease. vaccinia and hsv an ... | 2000 | 10618532 |
| evaluation of anti-hsv-2 activities of barleria lupulina and clinacanthus nutans. | barleria lupulina lindl. and clinacanthus nutans (burm. f.) lindau, both belonging to the family acantaceae, are well-known medicinal plants used in thai folklore medicine. virucidal effects of organic extracts of these two plants against herpes simplex virus type 2 strain g, hsv-2 (g), the standard hsv-2 strain were noted. the extracts were assessed for intracellular activities against hsv-2 (g) and five clinical hsv-2 isolates. b. lupulina extract exhibited activity against all five isolates b ... | 1999 | 10619382 |
| analysis of candidate-host immunogenetic determinants in herpes simplex virus-associated mollaret's meningitis. | infection due to herpes simplex virus (hsv) is associated with recurrent aseptic meningitis (mollaret's meningitis); however, the neuropathogenesis of this disease remains unknown. we collected 20 cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens that were positive for hsv dna by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay from patients with a clinical diagnosis of mollaret's meningitis. patients were predominantly female (female:male, 22:1), with an average age of 32.8 years (range, 18-46 years). using direc ... | 2000 | 10619748 |
| new tools and old for management of stds. | molecular diagnostics, such as polymerase chain reaction (pcr), are set to revolutionize the management of sexually transmitted diseases (stds); this is what delegates heard at the lesedi afrika '99 congress. in industrialized nations, the field of stds has benefited from the new technology of nucleic-acid amplification, according to max chernesky. assays that use such technology could be up to five orders of magnitude more sensitive than immunoassays. a computer model developed by chernesky ... | 1999 | 10622309 |
| antiviral activities of various water and methanol soluble substances isolated from ganoderma lucidum. | in order to find antiviral substances from basidiomycetes, two water soluble substances, glhw and gllw, and eight methanol soluble substances, glme-1-8, were prepared from carpophores of ganoderma lucidum. these substances were examined for their activities against five strains of pathogenic viruses such as herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2), influenza a virus (flu a) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) indiana and new jersey strains in vitro. antiviral activities were evaluated ... | 1999 | 10624872 |
| antiherpetic activities of various protein bound polysaccharides isolated from ganoderma lucidum. | to investigate antiherpetic substances from ganoderma lucidum, various protein bound polysaccharides, glhw, glhw-01, glhw-02, glhw-03, were isolated by activity-guided isolation from water soluble substances of the carpophores. these substances were examined for their antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) by plaque reduction assay in vitro. among them, the acidic protein bound polysaccharide, glhw-02 of a brownish substance, exhibited the most potent ... | 1999 | 10624876 |
| nectin2alpha (prr2alpha or hveb) and nectin2delta are low-efficiency mediators for entry of herpes simplex virus mutants carrying the leu25pro substitution in glycoprotein d. | the receptors for entry of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and -2), widely expressed in human cell lines, are members of a subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily exemplified by herpesvirus entry mediator c (hvec) and the herpesvirus immunoglobulin-like receptor (higr). this report focuses on two members of this subset, herpesvirus entry mediator b (hveb), recently designated nectin2/prr2alpha, and its splice variant isoform, nectin2/prr2delta. nectin2alpha and -delta share the ectodomain ... | 2000 | 10627537 |
| cellulose acetate phthalate (cap): an 'inactive' pharmaceutical excipient with antiviral activity in the mouse model of genital herpesvirus infection. | the spread of sexually transmitted infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) has continued unabated. at least 20% of the united states population has been infected with hsv-2 and there is a high probability of further virus transmission by asymptomatic carriers. given the absence of effective vaccines, this indicates the need to develop prophylactic measures such as topical microbicides that have antiviral activity. recent studies indicate that cellulose acetate phthalate (cap), a ... | 1999 | 10628808 |
| geographical differences in human herpesvirus 8 seroepidemiology: a survey of 1,201 individuals in asia. | since the discovery of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) as a contributory cause of kaposis sarcoma, the clinical role of this virus has been actively investigated. an understanding of hhv8 seroepidemiology is critical for the study of its pathogenesis within a specific environment. a sero-survey is described in taiwan of 1,201 individuals ranging in age from under 1 year to over 70. indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to determine antibody titers against both latent and lytic antigens of hhv8. ... | 2000 | 10630961 |
| herpes simplex type 2 infections--an update. | 2000 | 10635049 | |
| bisamides from aglaia edulis. | the leaves of aglaia edulis afforded a new bisamide, aglaiduline, and two new sulfur-containing bisamides, aglaithioduline and aglaidithioduline. their structures were established from spectroscopic studies. the sulfur-containing amides exhibited slight antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | 1999 | 10643670 |
| mitochondrial distribution and function in herpes simplex virus-infected cells. | in this study, mitochondria migrated to a perinuclear region in the cytoplasm in herpes simplex virus (hsv)-infected cells. hsv infection did not promote the expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 but did promote that of stress-responsive hsp60, both of which are known to be components of mitochondria. the levels of cellular atp and lactate and mitochondrial membrane potential were maintained for at least 6 h but decreased at the late stage of infection. it was also found that the ul41 and ... | 2000 | 10644838 |
| evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay system for measuring herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1-specific and hsv type 2-specific igg antibodies. | mrl diagnostics has developed a dual enzyme immunoassay (eia) system that employs the recombinant herpes simplex virus (hsv) type-specific glycoproteins g1 (hsv1) and g2 (hsv2) to detect hsv type-specific igg antibodies. this system was evaluated using 155 consecutive sera previously tested in a conventional dual eia system (zeus) that employs multiple hsv1 and hsv2 proteins to detect type-common as well as type-specific antibodies. sera were also analyzed by western blot to determine the true h ... | 2000 | 10645979 |
| [effect of l-lysine-a-oxidase on development of herpetic genital infection in guinea pigs]. | 1999 | 10650465 | |
| reproductive and infectious risk factors for invasive cervical cancer in taiwan. | a community-based case-control study was carried out to assess multiple risk factors for invasive cervical cancer in taiwan. all of 183 cases of pathologically confirmed cervical cancer cases and 293 healthy neighborhood controls were recruited from taipei metropolitus. healthy controls were matched with cervical cancer cases for age and residence. multiple risk factors for cervical cancer were obtained from study subjects through standardized interviews according to a structured questionnaire. ... | 1999 | 10650799 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection and genital ulcer disease in south africa: the herpetic connection. | while genital ulcers are a risk factor in hiv infection, the association of specific agents of genital ulcer disease (gud) with hiv infection may vary. | 2000 | 10654864 |
| herpes simplex type 2 infection in the developing world: is it time to address this disease? | 2000 | 10654865 | |
| medical care expenditures for genital herpes in the united states. | approximately 45 million americans have serologic evidence of hsv-2 infection and hsv-2 seroprevalence in the united states has increased 30% over the past two decades. despite rapid increases in hsv-2 prevalence, the last estimate of the u.s. national direct medical cost for genital herpes (gh) was completed in 1985. the objective of this study is to assess the u.s. direct medical expenditures for gh and its complications to assist policy makers in allocating limited std resources efficiently. | 2000 | 10654866 |
| diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infections in the clinical laboratory by lightcycler pcr. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) causes several clinical manifestations in both normal and immunocompromised hosts; this agent is the most frequently detected virus in diagnostic laboratories. recovery of the virus in cell culture is considered the "gold standard" for detection of this virus from sources other than cerebrospinal fluid. lightcycler is a newly developed, commercially available system designed to rapidly perform pcr, with real-time detection of pcr products by a fluorescence resonance en ... | 2000 | 10655387 |
| carrageenans from chilean samples of stenogramme interrupta (phyllophoraceae): structural analysis and biological activity. | carrageenans extracted from cystocarpic and tetrasporic stenogramme interrupta were analysed by chemical and spectroscopic methods. the carrageenan from cystocarpic plants is composed predominantly of 0.5 m kcl-insoluble and 1 m kcl-soluble fractions. the insoluble fraction contained iota-carrageenan as the major component with alpha-carrageenan and pyruvated carrageenan as minor components. the soluble fraction is highly heterogeneous and did not contain the precursors mu- and nu-carrageenans. ... | 2000 | 10656412 |
| psychosocial impact of type-specific herpes simplex serological testing on asymptomatic sexual health clinic attendees. | the usefulness of type-specific testing for herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is much debated with proponents arguing for likely change in the sexual behaviour of asymptomatic carriers and opponents suggesting that testing may have significant adverse psychological impact while not promoting behaviour change. in the present study we examine the impact of hsv-2 serological testing on psychological well-being, self-esteem, anxiety, sexual self-perceptions and sexual practices among a sample of 1 ... | 2000 | 10667895 |
| poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate): an effective candidate topical antimicrobial for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. | presently marketed vaginal barrier agents are cytotoxic and damage the vaginal epithelium and natural vaginal flora with frequent use. novel noncytotoxic agents are needed to protect women from sexually transmitted diseases. one candidate compound is a high-molecular-mass form of soluble poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (t-pss). the antimicrobial activity of t-pss was evaluated in primary culture systems and in a genital herpes murine model. results obtained indicate that t-pss is highly effecti ... | 2000 | 10669374 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding in human immunodeficiency virus-negative men who have sex with men: frequency, patterns, and risk factors. | we investigated the frequency, site, and risk factors for herpes simplex virus (hsv) shedding in 30 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative hsv type 2 (hsv-2)-seropositive men who have sex with men. subjects collected daily hsv culture samples from genital, perianal, and oral areas for 100 days and maintained diaries of signs and symptoms. sixteen men (53.3%) shed hsv-2, and 9 (56.3%) of 16 men who were also hsv type 1 (hsv-1)-seropositive shed hsv-1. overall, hsv-2 was isolated on 3.1% of t ... | 2000 | 10671325 |
| asymptomatic herpes simplex virus shedding and russian roulette. | 2000 | 10671326 |