Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| tipping the scales of herpes simplex virus reactivation: the important responses are local. | 1998 | 9546773 | |
| humoral and cellular immune responses to herpes simplex virus-2 glycoprotein d generated by facilitated dna immunization of mice. | 1998 | 9479837 | |
| herpes simplex virus-2 infection. an emerging disease? | genital herpes infections continue to increase in the world. as outlined previously, several factors play a role in the continued transmission of genital herpes worldwide. reducing the medical consequences of hsv-2 infection will not be easy. it is also sobering to realize that widespread penetration of hsv-2 into the population had preceded the spread of sexually acquired hiv in most countries. the biological rationale for a connection between hiv and hsv continues to be strengthened. currently ... | 1998 | 9494829 |
| a peptide binding motif for hla-dqa1*0102/dqb1*0602, the class ii mhc molecule associated with dominant protection in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. | hla-dqa1*0102/dqb1*0602 (dq0602) is observed at a decreased frequency in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in different ethnic groups, suggesting a protective role for dq0602. analysis of overlapping peptides from human insulin found that insulin b(1-15) bound well to dq0602 and exhibited a high degree of allelic specificity. truncation analysis of insulin b(1-15) identified insulin b(5-15) as the minimal peptide for dq0602 binding. insulin b(5-15) bound to dq0602 with an apparent kd of 0.7 to ... | 1998 | 9498778 |
| the genome sequence of herpes simplex virus type 2. | the genomic dna sequence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) strain hg52 was determined as 154,746 bp with a g+c content of 70.4%. a total of 74 genes encoding distinct proteins was identified; three of these were each present in two copies, within major repeat elements of the genome. the hsv-2 gene set corresponds closely with that of hsv-1, and the hsv-2 sequence prompted several local revisions to the published hsv-1 sequence (d. j. mcgeoch, m. a. dalrymple, a. j. davison, a. dolan, m. c. ... | 1998 | 9499055 |
| inducible overexpression of a toxic protein by an adenovirus vector with a tetracycline-regulatable expression cassette. | we have constructed two new adenovirus expression cassettes that expand both the range of genes which can be expressed with adenovirus vectors (adv) and the range of cells in which high-level expression can be attained. by inclusion of a tetracycline-regulated promoter in the transfer vector padtr5, it is now possible to generate recombinant adenoviruses expressing proteins that are either cytotoxic or that interfere with adenovirus replication. we have used this strategy to generate a recombina ... | 1998 | 9499088 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 icp47 inhibits human tap but not mouse tap. | herpes simplex virus serotype 1 (hsv-1) expresses an immediate-early protein, icp47, that effectively blocks the major histocompatibility complex class i antigen presentation pathway. hsv-1 icp47 (icp47-1) binds with high affinity to the human transporter associated with antigen presentation (tap) and blocks the binding of antigenic peptides. hsv type 2 (hsv-2) icp47 (icp47-2) has only 42% amino acid sequence identity with icp47-1. here, we compared the levels of inhibition of human and murine t ... | 1998 | 9499125 |
| recent advances in vaccine adjuvants for systemic and mucosal administration. | although vaccines produced by recombinant dna technology are safer than traditional vaccines, which are based on attenuated or inactivated bacteria or viruses, they are often poorly immunogenic. therefore, adjuvants are often required to enhance the immunogenicity of these vaccines. a number of adjuvants which are particulates of defined dimensions (<5 microm) have been shown to be effective in enhancing the immunogenicity of weak antigens in animal models. two novel adjuvants which possess sign ... | 1998 | 9504429 |
| prevalence of hsv-2 antibodies among std clinic patients in tanzania. | patients attending a referral sexually transmissible diseases clinic at muhimbili medical centre in dar-es-salaam during the period 1989 to 1993 were examined for herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) antibodies. an elisa technique, using glycoprotein g of hsv-2 as antigen, was used to test 294 patients' sera. of these, 126 sera were hsv-2 positive, while 168 were negative, yielding an overall hsv-2 prevalence of 42.9%. sixty-three per cent of the women and 35.5% of the men were hsv-2 positive. se ... | 1998 | 9506376 |
| comparison of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and one rapid immunoblot assay for detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific antibodies in serum. | the sensitivities and specificities of three immunoassays for the detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-specific immunoglobulin g antibodies in serum, including the one-strip rapid immunoblot assay (riba; chiron corporation) and two indirect enzyme immunosorbent assays (eia; gull laboratories and centocor), were compared by testing a panel of 1,250 serum samples from individuals attending an outpatient clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. a qualitative agreement among the three a ... | 1998 | 9508330 |
| detection and direct typing of herpes simplex virus in perianal ulcers of patients with aids by pcr. | the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 in perianal ulcerations of 41 aids patients was assessed by virus culture and a type-specific pcr-based assay. hsv was isolated from the lesion site in 24 of 41 (58.5%) patients, and hsv dna was detected by pcr in all 24 (100%) of these specimens. additionally, pcr was used to detect hsv dna in 12 of 17 (70.5%) hsv culture-negative samples. thus, hsv genomic sequences could be demonstrated in 36 of 41 (87.8%) perianal ulcers in this s ... | 1998 | 9508331 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) in aborted material using the polymerase chain reaction technique. | to investigate the contribution of hsv to the aetiopathogenesis of spontaneous abortion. | 1998 | 9517803 |
| the bglii-n fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2 contains a region responsible for resistance to antiviral effects of interferon. | double infection with two interferon (ifn)-sensitive strains of herpes simplex virus (hsv), hsv-1(17syn) and hsv-2(uw268), showed reduced inhibition of virus growth by ifn. intertypic recombinants with ifn resistance were obtained from the doubly infected cultures. these results indicate that hsv ifn resistance is controlled by at least two genetic regions. restriction endonuclease analysis demonstrated that the recombinants were similar to hsv-2 in their genomic structure but the bamhi-a, bglii ... | 1998 | 9519835 |
| evidence for deficiencies in intracerebral cytokine production, adhesion molecule induction, and t cell recruitment in herpes simplex virus type-2 infected mice. | we examined the intracerebral t cell response in mice infected with neurovirulent hsv-2 strains and an avirulent hsv-1. in hsv-2-infected brains, (i) il-1beta, tnf-alpha and ifn-gamma mrna expression was low, (ii) icam-1 and vcam-1 were not induced, (iii) few cd4+ or cd8+ cells were detected. by contrast, in hsv-1-infected brains, (i) cytokine mrna expression was high, (ii) adhesion molecules were strongly expressed, (iii) many t cells were detected. we suggest that deficient t cell extravasatio ... | 1998 | 9521606 |
| evidence that deficient ifn-gamma production is a biological basis of herpes simplex virus type-2 neurovirulence. | although immune response control of herpes simplex virus (hsv) has been well demonstrated, numerous hsv-2 strains are neurovirulent in immunocompetent mice. using an rnase protection assay and an elisa, we found that hsv-2-infected mice exhibited a deficient ifn-gamma response, an inability to clear virus, and eventual death. an hsv-based amplicon vector expressing mouse ifn-gamma was constructed and packaged into hsv-1-helper virus (hsv(pifn-gamma)). in mice treated with hsv(pifn-gamma), (i) th ... | 1998 | 9521607 |
| perspectives on switching oral acyclovir from prescription to over-the-counter status: report of a consensus panel. | the proposed switching of oral acyclovir from prescription to over-the-counter (otc) status for the 5-day episodic treatment of genital herpes was considered by a consensus panel. it was concluded that self-diagnosis/misdiagnosis, misuse, and adverse drug effects were potential problems with the otc use of acyclovir. while acyclovir reduces asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2, the reduction in transmission of virus potentially resulting from increased acyclovir use was felt to b ... | 1998 | 9524840 |
| mucosal immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in the mouse vagina is impaired by in vivo depletion of t lymphocytes. | intravaginal (ivag) inoculation of wild-type herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in mice causes epithelial infection followed by lethal neurological illness, while ivag inoculation of attenuated hsv-2 causes epithelial infection followed by development of protective immunity against subsequent ivag challenge with wild-type virus. the role of t cells in this immunity was studied by in vivo depletion of these cells with monoclonal antibodies. three groups of mice were used for each experiment: non ... | 1998 | 9525585 |
| the quantity of latent viral dna correlates with the relative rates at which herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 cause recurrent genital herpes outbreaks. | herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) have evolved specific anatomic tropisms and site-dependent rates of reactivation. to determine whether reactivation rates depend on distinct abilities of hsv-1 and -2 to establish latency and to express latency-associated transcripts (lats), virulent strains of each virus were studied in the guinea pig genital model. following infection with equivalent titers of virus, the quantities of latent hsv-2 genomes and lats were higher in lumbosacral ... | 1998 | 9525595 |
| clearance of hsv-2 from recurrent genital lesions correlates with infiltration of hsv-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | the mechanisms involved in host clearance of symptomatic mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection are unclear. we studied the functional properties of bulk cultures of skin-infiltrating lymphocytes from normal skin and serial biopsies of recurrent genital hsv-2 lesions, and compared hsv-specific and nk responses with viral clearance. hsv-specific cd4+ or cd8+ t cells were rarely detected in lymphocytes cultured from normal skin. the total lymphocyte count and hsv-specific and nk-like e ... | 1998 | 9525993 |
| the novel immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil markedly potentiates the antiherpesvirus activities of acyclovir, ganciclovir, and penciclovir in vitro and in vivo. | the immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) has been approved for use in kidney transplant recipients and may thus be used concomitantly for the treatment of intercurrent herpesvirus infections with drugs such as acyclovir (acv), ganciclovir (gcv), and penciclovir (pcv). we found that mmf and its parent compound mycophenolic acid (at concentrations that are attainable in plasma) strongly potentiate the antiherpesvirus (herpes simplex virus [hsv] type 1 [hsv-1], hsv-2, thymidine kinas ... | 1998 | 9527762 |
| influence of mucosal and parenteral immunization with a replication-defective mutant of hsv-2 on immune responses and protection from genital challenge. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) most frequently initiates infection at a mucosal surface; thus mucosal immune responses are likely to be important in defense against hsv infection. we have examined the effects of eliciting mucosal as well as systemic immune responses on protection against genital challenge infection with virulent hsv-2 in mice immunized with a replication-defective mutant of hsv-2. in addition, we have examined the types of immune responses elicited by immunization by the different r ... | 1998 | 9527927 |
| the comparative biology of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infections: latency-associated transcript promoter activity and expression in vitro and in infected mice. | hsv-1 and hsv-2 express abundant latency-associated transcripts (lats) without which these viruses reactivate in animals inefficiently. to further characterize the importance of lats to the comparative biology of latent hsv-1 and -2 infections, we assessed the relative activities of the viral lat promoters in vitro using transient transfection assays, and the accumulation of lats in vivo using a mouse ocular infection model. in vitro, the hsv-2 lat promoter proved to be six to tenfold more poten ... | 1998 | 9531009 |
| increase in vdelta1+ gammadelta t cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow as a selective feature of hiv-1 but not other virus infections. | dysregulation of t-cell receptor (tcr) alphabeta bearing lymphocytes and an increase in vdelta1+ gammadelta t cells are typical features of hiv-1 infection. however, the role of gammadelta t cells remains unclear. therefore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of 103 hiv-1-infected patients were investigated with respect to expression of vdelta1. these results were compared to the vdelta1 expression of bone marrow mononuclear cells (bmmc). in contrast to healthy controls, vdelta1+ cells do ... | 1998 | 9531341 |
| [genital herpes with special emphasis on perinatal herpes simplex virus infection]. | the incidence of genital herpes is increasing worldwide and at present herpes simplex virus type 2 is the most common cause of genital ulceration all over the world. classification: the international herpes management forum (ihmf) was established in 1993, suggesting a new classification of genital herpes: primary genital herpes, non-primary genital herpes, recurrent genital herpes, first episode genital herpes, atypical genital herpes and asymptomatic hsv (herpes simplex virus) infection. | 1998 | 9531774 |
| the management of herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy. | 1998 | 9532983 | |
| evidence of latency and reactivation of both herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 and hsv-2 in the genital region. | while superinfection with different herpes simplex virus (hsv) types has been demonstrated in animals, the ability of the two hsv types to colonize and reactivate in the same anatomic region in humans has not been well demonstrated. in 6 patients, both hsv-1 and hsv-2 was recovered from genital lesions. in 4 of them, who initially acquired genital hsv-1 infection, subsequent hsv-2 infection presented as a prolonged episode of genital lesions and a marked increase in the frequency of genital recu ... | 1998 | 9534984 |
| antibodies to varicella zoster virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of neonates with seizures. | four neonates with convulsions had igg antibodies in their cerebrospinal fluid (csf) to varicella zoster virus (vzv). these antibodies were found in the sera of two of these patients after the age of 6 months. antibodies to 16 different microbes were studied from the serum and csf of 201 neonates with neurological problems. the presence of dna specific to hsv-1, hsv-2, and vzv in the csf was also investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). antibodies to vzv were detected in the csf o ... | 1998 | 9536843 |
| herpetic whitlow of the toe: an unusual manifestation of infection with herpes simplex virus type 2. | 1998 | 9455540 | |
| herpes simplex virus type 2: unique biological properties include neoplastic potential mediated by the pk domain of the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase. | the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections in the us has increased approximately 30%. like hsv-1, which causes facial lesions, hsv-2 causes symptomatic lesions (at genital sites) and establishes latent infections of the sensory ganglia. however, the two viruses are biologically distinct, suggesting that they possess unique functions which are mediated by different viral genes. unlike hsv-1, hsv-2 is a tumor virus. it causes neoplastic transformation of cultured human cells ... | 1998 | 9459654 |
| light, a new member of the tnf superfamily, and lymphotoxin alpha are ligands for herpesvirus entry mediator. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) 1 and 2 infect activated t lymphocytes by attachment of the hsv envelope glycoprotein d (gd) to the cellular herpesvirus entry mediator (hvem), an orphan member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. here, we demonstrate that hvem binds two cellular ligands, secreted lymphotoxin alpha (ltalpha) and light, a new member of the tnf superfamily. light is a 29 kda type ii transmembrane protein produced by activated t cells that also engages the receptor for the ... | 1998 | 9462508 |
| association between human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositivity among male factory workers in zimbabwe. | to determine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), to identify correlates of infection, and to describe the correlation with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositivity, 224 hiv-negative and 191 hiv-positive male factory workers in zimbabwe were screened for hsv-2-specific antibodies. hsv-2 seroprevalence was 35.7% among hiv-negative subjects and 82.7% among hiv-positive subjects. the weighted estimate of hsv-2 seroprevalence in this population is 44.6%. the correlatio ... | 1998 | 9466543 |
| (z)- and (e)-2-((hydroxymethyl)cyclopropylidene)methyladenine and -guanine. new nucleoside analogues with a broad-spectrum antiviral activity. | new nucleoside analogues 14-17 based on a methylenecyclopropane structure were synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity. reaction of 2,3-dibromopropene (19) with adenine (18) led to bromoalkene 20, which was benzoylated to give n6,n6-dibenzoyl derivative 23. attempts to convert 20 or 23 to bromocyclopropanes 21 and 22 by reaction with ethyl diazoacetate catalyzed by rh2(oac)4 were futile. by contrast, 2,3-dibromopropene (19) afforded smoothly (e)- and (z)-dibromocyclopropane carboxylic e ... | 1998 | 9438017 |
| premarket evaluation of a commercial glycoprotein g-based enzyme immunoassay for herpes simplex virus type-specific antibodies. | a new commercial glycoprotein g-based enzyme immunoassay (gg-eia) was compared with western blotting (wb) for detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or hsv-2 type-specific antibodies in 193 serum samples. sensitivity for hsv-1 was 95%; specificity was 96%. sensitivity for hsv-2 was 98%; specificity was 97%. twelve of 13 serum samples with equivocal gg-eia results were serotyped by wb. | 1998 | 9431971 |
| herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, chlamydia, syphilis, and toxoplasma in pregnant japanese women with htlv-i. | 1998 | 9436768 | |
| multinucleated epithelial giant cell changes in esophagitis: a clinicopathologic study of 14 cases. | we describe the clinical and pathologic features of a hitherto unreported finding in patients with esophagitis: the presence of multinucleated squamous epithelial giant cells simulating viral cytopathic effect and/or dysplasia. routinely processed hematoxylin and eosin (h&e)-stained slides of esophageal mucosal biopsies from 14 patients with both active esophagitis and multinucleated epithelial giant cells were evaluated for a variety of inflammatory and epithelial features. clinical, endoscopic ... | 1998 | 9422321 |
| famciclovir for the suppression of symptomatic and asymptomatic herpes simplex virus reactivation in hiv-infected persons. a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is one of the most common opportunistic infections in hiv-infected persons. however, most documentation of the effectiveness of antiviral therapy in reducing hsv reactivation is anecdotal. | 1998 | 9424977 |
| the r1 subunit of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase is a good substrate for host cell protein kinases but is not itself a protein kinase. | the n terminus of the r1 subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase is believed to be a protein kinase domain mainly because the r1 protein was phosphorylated in a protein kinase assay on blot. using escherichia coli and adenovirus expression vectors to produce r1, we found that, whereas the reductase activity of both recombinant proteins was similar, efficient phosphorylation of r1 and casein in the presence of mg2+ was obtained only with the r1 purified from eukaryotic cel ... | 1998 | 9430680 |
| expression and purification of secreted forms of hsv glycoproteins from baculovirus-infected insect cells. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) remains a major human pathogen worldwide (25 causing cold sores, eye and genital infections, blindness, encephalitis, and neonatal infections. most adults have antibodies against the oral form of the virus hsv-1 (9), and a significant number are infected with the genital form, hsv-2. both serotypes establish lifelong latent infections and reactivate periodically to produce recurrent disease (25). after infection, virus-encoded glycoproteins are expressed on all cellula ... | 1998 | 21374226 |
| analyses of hsv proteins for posttranslational modifications and enzyme functions. | in order to identify the nature of posttranslational modifications and enzyme functions of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) proteins, it is necessary to apply both biochemical and genetic analyses. the experimental methods described in this chapter have been applied to cells cultured in vitro and infected with hsv-1 or to isolated nuclei of infected cells, to nuclear or cytoplasmic fractions, and, in some instances, to purified extracts of infected eukaryotic cells or of prokaryoti ... | 1998 | 21374234 |
| hsv latency in vitro : in situ hybridization methods. | we have developed an in vitro model of herpes simplex virus (hsv) latency in primary neurons that mimics many aspects of hsv latency in animal models and the human disease (1-3). using this model, we demonstrated that hsv-1 and hsv-2 establish latent infections in vitro in the same neuronal cell types that are shown to harbor latent hsv in humans (3). latent hsv infections can be produced in neuronal cultures from ganglia of rodents and primates with similar results (3). in all cases examined, t ... | 1998 | 21374238 |
| use of lectins for characterization of o-linked glycans of herpes simplex virus glycoproteins. | the existence of o-linked glycans in viral glycoproteins was described in the early 1980s for enveloped viruses such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), vaccinia virus, and mouse hepatitis virus (1-4). glycoprotein c of hsv-1 (designated gc-1) was demonstrated to contain domains, in which numerous o-linked glycans were concentrated to pronase-resistant clusters (5-7), thereby resembling the organization of mucins (8). thus glycoprotein, containing nine sites for n-linked glycosylation in add ... | 1998 | 21374459 |
| neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. | neonatal herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is one of the life-threatening infections of newborns. it affects approximately 1,500 to 2,200 infants per year in the united states. changes in the presentation of neonatal hsv infection over the past two decades include an increase in the frequency of skin, eye, and mouth (sem) disease with a relatively unchanged rate of central nervous system (cns) disease, but a relative decline in disseminated infection. although the mortality of neonatal hsv in ... | 1998 | 9523400 |
| production of high titre disabled infectious single cycle (disc) hsv from a microcarrier culture. | disabled infectious single cycle (disc) hsv-2 has been cultured in the complimentary cell line cr2 to provide high titre bulk material suitable for the purification of the virus as a live viral vaccine. cr2 cells are cultured on the microcarrier cytodex-1 at 5 g l-1 in small scale (1 l) and larger scale (15 l) reactors. the cells are infected at an moi of 0.01 pfu cell-1 and the culture harvested 60-72 h later. the infected cells are removed from the microcarriers by the addition of a hypotonic ... | 1999 | 19003370 |
| genital herpes: review of the epidemic and potential use of type-specific serology. | prevention of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections is desirable from both a public health standpoint and the patient's perspective. a key factor in the spread of genital herpes infections is the high proportion of undiagnosed infections. persons with subclinical or unrecognized infections are best diagnosed by accurate, type-specific antibody tests. unfortunately, these tests are only now becoming widely available. the use of current, conventional (non-type-specific) serologic tests for ... | 1999 | 9880471 |
| us3 protein kinase of herpes simplex virus type 2 plays a role in protecting corneal epithelial cells from apoptosis in infected mice. | to clarify the biological role of us3 protein kinase of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in vivo, the expression of the viral antigen, the appearance of apoptotic bodies and dna fragmentation were examined immunohistologically after corneal infection of mice with three different kinds of hsv-2 strain 186: the wild-type virus, a us3-deficient mutant (l1br1) and its revertant (l1b-11). in both wild-type 186- and l1b-11-infected mice, viral antigen was diffusely found in the corneal epithelium; ... | 1999 | 9934683 |
| a broad-spectrum microbicide with virucidal activity against sexually transmitted viruses. | sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), an alkyl sulfate surfactant derived from an organic alcohol, possesses surfactant properties but also denatures and unfolds both monomeric and subunit proteins. in preliminary experiments, we demonstrated that sds is a potent inactivator of herpes simplex virus type 2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at concentrations comparable to those used for the surfactant nonoxynol-9. we hypothesized that sds might be capable of denaturing the capsid proteins of nonenve ... | 1999 | 9925525 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus dna in semen of men with genital hsv-2 infection. | previous studies, using viral culture, have suggested that herpes simplex virus (hsv) isolation from semen is rare. this study attempts to investigate further the role of semen in sexual transmission of hsv. goals of this study: to evaluate semen samples for hsv dna with a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test. | 1999 | 9918316 |
| evaluation of a novel, anti-herpes simplex virus compound, acyclovir elaidate (p-4010), in the female guinea pig model of genital herpes. | the antiviral effect of acyclovir elaidate in the female guinea pig model of genital herpes was investigated in a series of experiments. the antiherpesvirus effects of this novel compound, 9-(2'-[trans-9"-octadecenoyloxyl]ethoxymethyl)guanine (code no. p-4010), were studied in both primary and recurrent genital herpes in the female guinea pig, following oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection, with different formulations of the compound, and in comparison with acyclovir (acv) or penciclovir (pc ... | 1999 | 9869565 |
| limits in reliability of glycoprotein g-based type-specific serologic assays for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | type-specific serologic assays for herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 based on glycoprotein g-1 (gg-1) (hsv-1) and gg-2 (hsv-2) discriminate between antibodies against hsv-1 and hsv-2. we previously developed a western blot assay using gg-1 and gg-2 expressed in baculovirus, performed extensive validation studies, and determined that it was both sensitive and specific for type-specific detection of hsv antibody. here we report that, among a cohort of thai military recruits, the serostatus ... | 1999 | 9889222 |
| in vivo modulation of vaccine-induced immune responses toward a th1 phenotype increases potency and vaccine effectiveness in a herpes simplex virus type 2 mouse model. | several vaccines have been investigated experimentally in the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) model system. while it is believed that cd4(+)-t-cell responses are important for protection in general, the correlates of protection from hsv-2 infection are still under investigation. recently, the use of molecular adjuvants to drive vaccine responses induced by dna vaccines has been reported in a number of experimental systems. we sought to take advantage of this immunization model to gain insigh ... | 1999 | 9847356 |
| lack of effect of cytoplasmic tail truncations on human immunodeficiency virus type 2 rod env particle release activity. | in addition to its role in receptor binding, the envelope glycoprotein of certain human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) isolates, including rod10, exhibits a biological activity that enhances the release of hiv-2, hiv-1, and simian immunodeficiency virus particles from infected cells. the present study aims at better defining the functional domains involved in this biological activity. to this end, we have characterized the envelope protein of the rod14 isolate of hiv-2, which, despite 95% ... | 1999 | 9847387 |
| antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2 as a marker of sexual risk behavior in rural tanzania. | a serosurvey was conducted in a random sample of 259 women and 231 men in 12 rural communities in mwanza region, tanzania, using a type-specific elisa for herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection. seroprevalence rose steeply with age to approximately 75% in women >=25 years old and 60% in men >=30. after adjusting for age and residence, hsv-2 prevalence was higher in women who were married, in a polygamous marriage, treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (tpha)-positive, had more lifetim ... | 1999 | 9841817 |
| interactions between human papillomavirus and other sexually transmitted agents in the etiology of cervical cancer. | the interplay between human papillomavirus, notably type 16, and hiv in cervical carcinogenesis leads to persistent infection and cervical neoplasia by destruction of the afferent arm (langerhans cells) of the host immune system. the joint effect takes place at the early stages of squamous intraepithelial lesions and has severe consequences if left untreated. the recent increase of cervical cancer mortality in young women in developed countries may well be a result of the hiv epidemic. infection ... | 1999 | 17035763 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus in genital specimens by type-specific polymerase chain reaction. | viral isolation is the standard method for the detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) in clinical specimens. this study describes the development of a type-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for detection and typing of hsv-1 and hsv-2, and a comparison of its sensitivity with that of isolation in a clinical setting. specimens from patients presenting with genital ulcers were tested for the presence of hsv by both methods. oligonucleotide primers were sele ... | 1999 | 10215112 |
| risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among female commercial sex workers in mexico city. | a scarce number of studies have been carried out to determine the epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection in female sex workers (fsws). the objective of this study was to examine the correlates of infection for hsv-2 with socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour and history of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) among fsws in mexico city. a sample frame of commercial sex work sites was constructed during the fall of 1992. sites identified were street ... | 1999 | 10215115 |
| performance of a rapid screening test pockit hsv2 rapid test. | 1999 | 10215136 | |
| vaccine potential of a herpes simplex virus type 2 mutant deleted in the pk domain of the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (icp10). | a herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) mutant deleted in the pk domain of the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (icp10) was evaluated as a potential vaccine for the prevention of hsv-2 infection and disease. this virus, designated icp10 deltapk, expressed a 95 kda icp10 protein that lacked pk activity and transforming potential. icp10 deltapk was growth compromised in dividing and nondividing cells in culture. in dividing cells, onset of virus growth was delayed, with replication initiati ... | 1999 | 10217594 |
| effects of dna immunization formulated with bupivacaine in murine and guinea pig models of genital herpes simplex virus infection. | the immunogenicity and efficacy of a herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein d (gd2) dna vaccine formulated with bupivacaine was evaluated using murine and guinea pig models of genital herpes. animals received three doses of 100 microg of gd2 plasmid or control plasmid intramuscularly prior to intravaginal challenge with hsv-2. immunization induced hsv elisa and neutralizing antibody in serum and elisa antibody in the vaginal secretions of all animals evaluated. following intravaginal hsv-2 cha ... | 1999 | 10217595 |
| anti-herpes simplex virus activity of alkaloids isolated from stephania cepharantha. | by screening water and meoh extracts of 30 chinese medicinal plants for their anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 activity, a meoh extract of the root tubers of stephania cepharantha hayata showed the most potent activity on the plaque reduction assay with an ic50 value of 18.0 microg/ml. of 49 alkaloids isolated from the meoh extract, 17 alkaloids were found to be active against hsv-1, including 13 bisbenzylisoquinoline, 1 protoberberine, 2 morphinane and 1 proaporphine alkaloids, while benzyliso ... | 1999 | 10220283 |
| you're the flight surgeon. herpes simplex virus type 2(hsv-2). | 1999 | 10223273 | |
| disseminated herpes simplex virus infection in a renal transplant patient as possible cause of repeated urinary extravasations. | disseminated herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections are infrequent in patients receiving organ transplants, but usually have a poor outcome. we describe the case of a renal transplant patient who developed a disseminated hsv-2 infection with repeated urinary extravasations. the diagnosis was carried out using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction nested assay and it suggested hsv-2 as a possible cause of repeated urinary fistulas. | 1999 | 10224485 |
| clinical course of patients with serologic evidence of recurrent genital herpes presenting with signs and symptoms of first episode disease. | the care of patients with first episode and recurrent genital herpes differs with respect to therapy and source partner evaluation. of 498 persons who presented with what appeared by history and symptoms to be a first episode of genital herpes, we identified 41 who had serologic evidence of remotely acquired herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) infection. | 1999 | 10225590 |
| clinical misidentification of patients with first episode genital herpes: a note of caution. | 1999 | 10225591 | |
| prevention agenda for genital herpes. | few meeting participants envisioned a prevention and control program on the scale or scope of cdc's programs to prevent hiv infection, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydial infection, but all agreed that the virtual absence of public health interventions to prevent genital herpes is no longer appropriate in light of evolving epidemiologic knowledge and other research advances. the ultimate scope of a national genital herpes prevention effort will depend in part on the results of the recommended re ... | 1999 | 10225592 |
| cellular elongation factor 1delta is modified in cells infected with representative alpha-, beta-, or gammaherpesviruses. | earlier reports (y. kawaguchi, r. bruni, and b. roizman, j. virol. 71:1019-1024, 1997; y. kawaguchi, c. van sant, and b. roizman, j. virol. 72:1731-1736, 1998) showed that herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) infection causes the hyperphosphorylation of translation elongation factor 1delta (ef-1delta) and that the modification of ef-1delta is the consequence of direct phosphorylation by a viral protein kinase encoded by the ul13 gene of hsv-1. the ul13 gene is conserved in members of all herpesvirus s ... | 1999 | 10196346 |
| the murine homolog (mph) of human herpesvirus entry protein b (hveb) mediates entry of pseudorabies virus but not herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | a mouse member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, originally designated the murine poliovirus receptor homolog (mph), was found to be a receptor for the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (prv). this mouse protein, designated here murine herpesvirus entry protein b (mhveb), is most similar to one of three related human alphaherpesvirus receptors, the one designated hveb and also known as poliovirus receptor-related protein 2. hamster cells resistant to prv entry became susceptible upon ... | 1999 | 10196354 |
| genital herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding is increased in hiv-infected women in africa. | 1999 | 10197391 | |
| [mollaret's meningitis]. | 1999 | 10201123 | |
| [radiculomyelopathy due to genital herpes simplex virus infection (elsberg syndrome)]. | 1999 | 10201134 | |
| [herpes simplex virus hepatitis]. | 1999 | 10201154 | |
| cofactors for the acquisition of hiv-1 among heterosexual men: prospective cohort study of trucking company workers in kenya. | to determine the prevalence, incidence, and correlates of hiv-1 infection in a cohort of east african trucking company employees. | 1999 | 10203386 |
| evaluation of three glycoprotein g2-based enzyme immunoassays for detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 in human sera. | three new glycoprotein g-based enzyme immunoassays (eti-hsvk-g 2, sorin diagnostics biomedica [assay a]; hsv type 2 specific igg elisa, gull laboratories, inc. [assay b]; cobas core hsv-2 igg eia, roche [assay c]) for the detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 (hsv-2)-specific antibodies were evaluated. by testing sera from 25 individuals with culture-proven hsv-2 infection, the assays showed a sensitivity of 96%. the specificities, evaluated with sera from 70 hsv antibody-negative child ... | 1999 | 10203464 |
| laboratory diagnosis of common viral infections of the central nervous system by using a single multiplex pcr screening assay. | a multiplex pcr assay that detects the four commonest causes of viral meningitis and encephalitis in the united kingdom (herpes simplex virus [hsv] type 1 [hsv-1], hsv type 2 [hsv-2], varicella-zoster virus [vzv], and enteroviruses) was developed, and its sensitivity was compared with those of similar assays described previously for this application. compared to the previous assays, this single multiplex pcr assay had higher molecular sensitivities for the detection for each of the viruses and i ... | 1999 | 10203485 |
| ability of a rapid serology test to detect seroconversion to herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein g soon after infection. | sera (n = 188) from 29 patients with first-episode genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections were tested by pockit-hsv-2 and western blot (wb) to determine the speed of seroconversion. the median time to detection of hsv-2 antibody was 13 days (range, 3 to 102 days) by the pockit-hsv-2 test versus 13 days (range, 2 to 58 days) for wb. | 1999 | 10203544 |
| the affinity adsorptive recovery of an infectious herpes simplex virus vaccine. | the chromatographic purification of a recombinant herpes simplex virus (type 2) from salt- and heparin-released harvests of infected complementing vero (cr2) cells is addressed. functionalized matrices and process operating conditions are identified that provide adequate virus titres in eluates that are significantly reduced in cr2 cell protein and dna and possess a low level of hsv-2 protein. virus from diluted salt-released harvests (0.14 m nacl) was not appreciably adsorbed onto either hepari ... | 1999 | 10099562 |
| herpes simplex virus entry is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. | the initial step in herpes simplex virus (hsv) entry is binding of virion glycoprotein (g)c and/or gb to cell surface heparan sulfate. after this initial attachment, gd interacts with cell surface receptor or receptors, and the virion envelope fuses with the cell membrane. fusion requires viral glycoproteins gb, gd, gl, and gh, but the cellular factors that participate in or the pathways activated by viral entry have not been defined. to determine whether signal transduction pathways are trigger ... | 1999 | 10191187 |
| association of major histocompatibility complex determinants with the development of symptomatic and asymptomatic genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infections. | the clinical spectrum of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections, ranging from asymptomatic to frequently distressing outbreaks, suggests that there may be immunologic determinants of disease severity that are associated with human leukocyte antigen (hla) expression. a controlled, prospective study identified several major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and ii antigens whose frequencies are associated with hsv-2 infection or with frequent symptomatic genital recurrences. previous studies ... | 1999 | 10191207 |
| antiviral activities of biflavonoids. | biflavonoids such as amentoflavone (1), agathisflavone (2), robustaflavone (3), hinokiflavone (4), volkensiflavone (5), rhusflavanone (7), succedaneflavanone (9), all isolated from rhus succedanea and garcinia multiflora, as well as their methyl ethers and acetates, volkensiflavone hexamethyl ether (6), rhusflavanone hexaacetate (8), and succedaneflavanone hexaacetate (10) were evaluated for their antiviral activities. the inhibitory activities against a number of viruses including respiratory v ... | 1999 | 10193201 |
| effect of undecylenic acid as a topical microbicide against genital herpes infection in mice and guinea pigs. | there is increasing interest in the use of topical microbicides to help prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (std). undecylenic acid (ua), a monosaturated fatty acid, is the active ingredient in a number of over-the-counter (otc) antifungal spray powders, that also exhibits in vitro antibacterial and antiviral activity, including herpes simplex virus (hsv) activity. we, therefore, evaluated ua as a topical microbicide against genital hsv infection using the murine and guinea pig m ... | 1999 | 10027648 |
| development of a competitive elisa for detection of primates infected with monkey b virus (herpesvirus simiae). | two competitive elisas (c-elisas) are described that allow detection of antibodies against monkey b virus (bv, cercopithecine herpesvirus 1). the assays utilize monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the bv glycoprotein b (gb). two of these mabs specifically recognize bv gb while a third mab also reacts with the gb homologues of other primate alpha-herpesviruses (herpes simplexvirus-1, hsv-1: hsv-2; simian agent-8, sa8; and herpesvirus papio-2, hvp2). a c-elisa using the single cross-reac ... | 1999 | 10029325 |
| herpes in the time of aids: a comparison of the epidemiology of hiv-1 and hsv-2 in young men in northern thailand. | to compare the epidemiologic pattern of hiv-1, a recently introduced sexually transmitted disease (std) agent in thailand, with the pattern of hsv-2, a well-established std agent, so that future trends for both viruses can be better understood. | 1999 | 10029978 |
| improving the management of genital herpes. | most patients with herpes simplex virus infection have mild or subclinical disease and fail to seek medical attention or are misdiagnosed. but inexpensive and accurate new serologies are being developed. chronic suppressive therapy in patients with frequent recurrences reduces viral shedding and may reduce transmission. | 1999 | 10047759 |
| synthesis of 2'-methylene-substituted 5-azapyrimidine, 6-azapyrimidine, and 3-deazaguanine nucleoside analogues as potential antitumor/antiviral agents. | 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-6-azauridine (5) and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-6-azacytidine (8) have been synthesized via a multi-step procedure from 6-azauridine. 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-5-azacytidine (14a) and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-3-deazaguanosine (19a) and their corresponding alpha-anomers (14b and 19b) have been synthesized by the transglycosylation of 3',5'-o-(1,1,3,3- tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)-2'-deoxy-2'-methyleneu ridine (12) with silylated 5-azacytosine and silylated n2-palmitoyl-3-deazaguan ... | 1999 | 10048223 |
| il-12 gene as a dna vaccine adjuvant in a herpes mouse model: il-12 enhances th1-type cd4+ t cell-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus-2 challenge. | il-12 has been shown to enhance cellular immunity in vitro and in vivo. recent reports have suggested that combining dna vaccine approach with immune stimulatory molecules delivered as genes may significantly enhance ag-specific immune responses in vivo. in particular, il-12 molecules could constitute an important addition to a herpes vaccine by amplifying specific immune responses. here we investigate the utility of il-12 cdna as an adjuvant for a herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) dna vaccine in a ... | 1999 | 10072541 |
| prevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus infections in eritrea. | herpesviruses establish latent infections in their hosts for life. the scarcity of data that exists in regard to herpesvirus infections in many african regions, could partly be due to the mild nature of their primary infections and the lack of means for their proper diagnosis. however, in recent decades the alarming spread of hiv infection in africa and associated frequent reactivation of herpesvirus infections is leaving less room for neglect. this seroprevalence study is intended to help in th ... | 1999 | 10073414 |
| evaluation of elvis hsv id/typing system for the detection and typing of herpes simplex virus from clinical specimens. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) is a common pathogen with two serotypes: hsv-1 and hsv-2. hsv infection does not pose much of a threat to an immunocompetent host but to an immunocompromised host or a neonate the infection can be fatal. the enzyme-linked virus inducible system (elvis) employs a genetically altered baby hamster kidney (bhk) cell line that allows for the rapid overnight detection of hsv but also includes an immunofluorescent stain for the simultaneous detection and typing of hsv-1 and h ... | 1999 | 10073415 |
| amplification of the six major human herpesviruses from cerebrospinal fluid by a single pcr. | we used a novel type of primer system, a system that uses stair primers, in which the primer sequences are based on consensus sequences in the dna polymerase gene of herpesvirus to detect herpesviruses by pcr. a single pcr in a single tube detected the six major herpesviruses that infect the central nervous system: herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), and type 2 (hsv-2), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6). we used the te ... | 1999 | 10074507 |
| interleukin-4-mediated inhibition of nitric oxide production in interferon-gamma-treated and virus-infected macrophages. | upon interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) stimulation, murine macrophages (mphi) produce nitric oxide (no) through expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos). interleukin (il)-4 treatment, even delayed 12 h relative to ifn-gamma, antagonized this induction, whereas infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) or treatment with tumour necrosis factor-alpha exerted a synergistic effect, which partly compensated for the antagonistic effect of il-4. neither il-4 nor hsv-2 affected the ifn-ga ... | 1999 | 10075021 |
| [virology, epidemiology and diagnosis of herpes genitalis]. | 1999 | 10081481 | |
| directed evolution of thymidine kinase for azt phosphorylation using dna family shuffling. | the thymidine kinase (tk) genes from herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 were recombined in vitro with a technique called dna family shuffling. a high-throughput robotic screen identified chimeras with an enhanced ability to phosphorylate zidovudine (azt). improved clones were combined, reshuffled, and screened on increasingly lower concentrations of azt. after four rounds of shuffling and screening, two clones were isolated that sensitize escherichia coli to 32-fold less azt compared with ... | 1999 | 10096293 |
| the immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil markedly potentiates the activity of lobucavir [1r(1alpha,2beta,3alpha)]-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]guanine against different herpes viruses. | mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) has been approved as an immunosuppressive agent in kidney transplant recipients and may thus be used concomitantly with antiherpetic agents, the latter for the treatment of intercurrent herpesvirus infections. the parent compound of mmf, mycophenolic acid (mpa), is a potent inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and causes depletion of the intracellular (deoxy)guanosine triphosphate [(d)gtp] pools. lobucavir [1r(1alpha,2beta,3alpha)]-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl ... | 1999 | 10096537 |
| novel triazole 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides: stereoselective synthesis and biological evaluation. | a study on the use of protecting groups led to the employment of the para-methoxybenzoyl (pmb) group as a directing group in the synthesis of novel triazole 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides. use of the pmb group gave alpha:beta ratios of 1:6 in the glycosylation step with azidotrimethylsilane. a series of novel triazoles were generated for in vitro antiviral evaluation. | 1999 | 10358943 |
| immunization against genital herpes with a vaccine virus that has defects in productive and latent infection. | an effective vaccine for genital herpes has been difficult to achieve because of the limited efficacy of subunit vaccines and the safety concerns about live viruses. as an alternative approach, mutant herpes simplex virus strains that are replication-defective can induce protective immunity. to increase the level of safety and to prove that replication was not needed for immunization, we constructed a mutant herpes simplex virus 2 strain containing two deletion mutations, each of which eliminate ... | 1999 | 10359827 |
| sequential peripartum herpes simplex virus type 2 disease in parents and their newborn mimicking intrafamily spread of common viruses. | herpes simplex type 2 (hsv2) disease developed sequentially among two parents and their newborn. the father first became ill with upper-respiratory symptoms and fever. then, 5 days later, shortly after delivery, the mother had fever, pharyngitis, and diarrhea. subsequently, the infant developed undifferentiated febrile illness at the age of 3 days. hsv etiology was recognized by incidental isolation of hsv2 from the newborn naospharynx. the father never developed genital lesions and the mother's ... | 1999 | 10362081 |
| the role of gamma interferon in immune resistance to vaginal infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice. | we investigated the role of interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) in a mouse model of immunity to vaginal infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). within 8 h after immune mice were challenged intravaginally with hsv-2, ifn-gamma concentrations in vaginal secretions reached levels that can be antiviral in vitro. this rapid synthesis of ifn-gamma occurred in immune-challenged mice but not in nonimmune-challenged mice, indicating that it required memory t cells. immunostaining and in situ hybridiza ... | 1999 | 10366565 |
| fulminant herpes hepatitis in a healthy adult: a treatable disorder? | hepatitis due to herpes simplex virus (hsv) is a potentially fatal disorder that is often not considered in the differential diagnosis of acute hepatitis. this disease occurs most often in patients with impaired immunity and is very uncommon in healthy patients. hsv hepatitis presents with a wide clinical spectrum, and the clinical diagnosis is difficult. we describe a case of disseminated herpes virus infection with fulminant hepatitis mimicking an acute human immunodeficiency virus infection i ... | 1999 | 10372946 |
| antiviral activity of sandalwood oil against herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2. | sandalwood oil, the essential oil of santalum album l., was tested for in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2. it was found that the replication of these viruses was inhibited in the presence of the oil. this effect was dose-dependent and more pronounced against hsv-1. a slight diminution of the effect was observed at higher multiplicity of infections. the oil was not virucidal and showed no cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested. | 1999 | 10374251 |
| evaluation of a fully automated glycoprotein g-2 based assay for the detection of hsv-2 specific igg antibodies in serum and plasma. | ranking after infections with chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus, genital herpesvirus is the third most common sexually transmitted disease. the majority of recurrent genital herpes infections are caused by herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2). seroepidemiological studies on the prevalence of hsv-2 specific igg antibodies are especially important to study the impact of this infection among risk groups. | 1999 | 10382816 |
| the use of peptides from glycoproteins g-2 and d-1 for detecting herpes simplex virus type 2 and type-common antibodies. | identification and discrimination of latent herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection relies on antibody identification. the inclusion of synthetic peptides with hsv glycoproteins provides means for stable and discriminatory assays for population studies. | 1999 | 10382821 |
| herpetic salpingitis and fallopian tube prolapse. | we describe the unusual association of fallopian tubal prolapse and herpetic infection, an occurrence not previously reported to our knowledge. | 1999 | 10383700 |