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condom issues in aids prevention in africa.in vitro studies have demonstrated that an intact latex condom provides an effective barrier against several sexually transmitted pathogens, including herpes simplex virus type 2, hepatitis b virus, cytomegalovirus, hiv, neisseria gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis, and mycoplasma. this paper discusses some of the major advances and critical issues which should be incorporated in condom program design and implementation. the authors drew extensively from their experience with family health inter ...19911669918
clinical and serologic features of herpes simplex virus infection in patients with aids.we studied the natural history of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection and its association with specific serum antibody in a sample of 68 hiv-infected patients with a first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at san francisco general hospital in 1986. seroprevalence was 66 and 77% for hsv-1 and hsv-2 antibody, respectively, by immunoblot assay. twenty-seven patients had 45 hsv outbreaks diagnosed during 739 patient-months of follow-up. median frequency of recurrence resulting in a medical ...19911657040
herpes simplex virus type 1 that exhibits herpes simplex virus type 2 sensitivity to (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine.a clinical isolate, designated 145, of herpes simplex virus (hsv) had type 1 characteristics as determined by monoclonal antibody immunofluorescence, heat stability of viral thymidine kinase (tk), bamhi restriction endonuclease pattern, and absence of the hsv-2-specific 38-kd protein. however, instead of being sensitive to e-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) like hsv-1, isolate 145 displayed a resistance pattern like hsv-2 to the drug as determined by viral replication and viral dna synthe ...19911657822
a truncated protein kinase domain of the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase (icp10) expressed in escherichia coli.the amino-terminal domain of the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase (icp10) contains a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that has characteristics of a growth factor receptor (chung, t. d., wymer, j. p., smith, c. c., kulka, m., and aurelian, l. (1989) j. virol. 63, 3389-3398; chung, t. d., wymer, j. p., kulka, m. smith, c. c., and aurelian, l. (1990) virology 179, 168-178). to characterize this protein kinase (pk) domain further we constructed a bacteria ...19911657940
abolition of the rl neurovirulence phenotype of herpes simplex virus type 2 strain hg52 does not require deletion of the dr1 element of the 'a' sequence.we have characterized a spontaneous variant of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) strain hg52, 2616, which has 786 bp of both copies of rl deleted, but which retains 782 bp upstream of the 5' end of immediate early gene 1 and 463 bp downstream of the 'a' sequence. variant 2616 is avirulent following intracerebral inoculation of balb/c mice, thus showing in vivo characteristics similar to those of variant 2604, described previously (a 1488 bp deletion incorporating the dr1 element of the 'a' seq ...19911658204
acyclovir resistance/susceptibility in herpes simplex virus type 2 sequential isolates from an aids patient.the biological characterization of a number of sequential herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) isolates obtained from an aids patient undergoing sequential courses of antiviral treatment due to an extended mucocutaneous genital lesion is reported. resistance to acyclovir (acv) and related compounds was linked to a thymidine kinase-deficient (tk-) phenotype. after acv discontinuation and a course of treatment with foscarnet, a new isolate was recovered, characterized by loss of the acv-resistant t ...19911832460
sequence, function, and regulation of the vmw65 gene of herpes simplex virus type 2.we determined the sequence of the gene for the virion transactivator protein vmw65 of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), strain 333. an analysis of the coding sequence revealed an overall high degree of primary sequence conservation (86%) relative to the hsv-1 protein, although the carboxy-terminal region which encompasses the powerful acidic transactivation domain of the hsv-1 protein was slightly less well conserved (70%). one important change in this region was the presence of a proline res ...19911658370
development and evaluation of an elisa using secreted recombinant glycoprotein b for determination of igg antibody to herpes simplex virus.an elisa for the determination of igg antibody to herpes simplex virus (hsv) was developed using a secreted recombinant hsv-1 glycoprotein b (gb-1s) as a solid phase. the clinical validity of the elisa was established by testing different groups of sera containing hsv-1, hsv-2, or mixed antibody, in parallel with gb-1s elisa and conventional hsv-1/hsv-2 elisa. the new gb-1s elisa detected hsv-1/hsv-2 antibody in sera from 48 subjects with either hsv-1 or hsv-2 past infection as well as in sera f ...19911659581
type-specific identification of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus antigen in autopsy tissues.to identify antigens of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in human tissue, polyclonal antisera and an immunoperoxidase method were used to examine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from autopsy cases and experimentally infected animals. these antisera readily distinguished between hsv and vzv antigen, with no evident cross-reactivity. antiser ato hsv-1 and hsv-2 were more strongly reactive with antigen of the homologous virus than with that of hete ...19911845866
the promoter, transcriptional unit, and coding sequence of herpes simplex virus 1 family 35 proteins are contained within and in frame with the ul26 open reading frame.the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) genome specifies an abundant capsid protein which in denaturing gels forms multiple bands designated family 35 proteins (d.k. braun, b. roizman, and l. pereira, j. virol. 49:142-153, 1984). nucleotide-sequencing studies have assigned the coding sequences of these proteins to the open reading frame ul26 (d.j. mcgeoch, m.a. dalrymple, a.j. davidson, a. dolan, m.c. frame, d. mcnab, l.j. perry, j.e. scott, and p. taylor, j. gen. virol. 69:1531-1574, 1988). in studi ...19911845885
evaluation of a test based on baculovirus-expressed glycoprotein g for detection of herpes simplex virus type-specific antibodies.an immunoblot assay for discrimination of antibodies to herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 was devised using extracts of recombinant-baculovirus-infected insect cells expressing hsv-1 or -2 glycoprotein g (gg1 or gg2). the assay was evaluated by comparing its results with those obtained by using an immunodot assay based on gg immunopurified from hsv-1- and hsv-2-infected cells. each of 110 human serum specimens was tested blindly and independently three times. at a serum dilution of 1:20, ...19911659601
recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis in a preterm neonate. favourable outcome after prolonged acyclovir treatment.we describe a case of recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) central nervous system infection in a preterm neonate. on two occasions, encephalitis occurred together with eruption of vesicles on the right arm, and the patient was treated with acyclovir. new recurrences of vesicles followed each attempt to discontinue antiviral treatment, and prompted a continuous long-term acyclovir prophylaxis. at three years of age, the patient has developed normally. the use of immunoblotting for serolo ...19911659768
synthesis and antiviral activity of 9-alkoxypurines. 2. 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-, 9-(3,4-dihydroxybutoxy)-, and 9-(1,4-dihydroxybut-2-oxy)purines.reaction of alkenoxyamines (3,5) or (r,s)-, (r)-, and (s)-hydroxy-protected derivatives of hydroxyalkoxyamines (20a,b, 37a-c) with 4,6-dichloro-2,5-diformamidopyrimidine (4) and cyclization of the resultant 6-[(alkenoxy)amino]-and 6-(alkoxyamino)pyrimidines (6,7,21a,b, 38a,b,c) by heating with diethoxymethyl acetate afforded 9-alkenoxy- and 9-alkoxy-6-chloropurines (9,10,22a,b, 39a-c, 40a). these were subsequently converted to 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy), 9-(3,4-dihydroxybutoxy), and 9-(1,4-dihydro ...19911846922
differential susceptibility of a rat glioma cell line and its clones to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.a rat glioma cell line, c6-bu-1, showed differential susceptibility to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), namely, all the hsv-1 strains tested so far persisted in this cell line but the hsv-2 strains did not. two clones were derived from c6-bu-1 cells and designated c-17 and c-72. the c-72 as well as the parental c6-bu-1 cells supported the replication of hsv-1, but not that of hsv-2. in contrast, c-17 was highly resistant to both hsv-1 and hsv-2. hydrocortisone treatment co ...19911681710
type-common and type-specific monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.seventeen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reacting specifically with the cells infected with herpes simplex viruses type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) were characterized by a variety of immunological tests such as radioimmunoprecipitation, immunoblotting and virus-neutralization. the majority of mabs was directed against glycoprotein b (anti-gb), six reacted with glycoprotein c (anti-gc) and one with glycoprotein g (anti-gg). six anti-gb mabs reacted with both types of hsv (anti-gb-1,2), two anti-gb ...19911681713
effect of selected neuroleptic agents and stereo-isomeric analogues on virus and eukaryotic cells.chlorpromazine, cis(z)-chlorprothixene (truxal), and the non-neuroleptic trans(e)-chlorprothixene and trans(e)-flupenthixol were studied in vitro for possible antiviral effect on herpes simplex virus 2 and for toxic effect on human diploid fibroblasts. based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) antiviral activity was demonstrated for all the compounds in the concentration range 0.39 micrograms/ml-25 micrograms/ml. a cell-toxic effect was shown in the higher concentration range for all ...19911682908
evaluation of five monoclonal antibody-based kits or reagents for the identification and culture confirmation of herpes simplex virus.five immunofluorescence (if) kits or reagents (bartels [bartels immunodiagnostic supplies, inc., bellevue, wash.], imagen [celltech diagnostics, ltd., distributed by analytab products, plainview, n.y.], ortho [ortho diagnostics systems, inc., raritan, n.j.], syva [syva co., palo alto, calif.], whittaker [whittaker bioproducts, walkersville, md.]) were evaluated for typing and laboratory confirmation of herpes simplex virus (hsv). of 101 clinical isolates tested by each kit or reagent, results fo ...19911645367
herpes simplex virus type 2: a possible interaction with human papillomavirus types 16/18 in the development of invasive cervical cancer.a case-control study of 766 histologically confirmed incident cases of invasive cervical cancer and 1,532 hospital and community controls was conducted in latin america to evaluate the etiologic role of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and to examine whether hsv-2 interacts with other risk factors. in addition to a personal interview, all subjects were asked to donate blood samples and cervical swabs for assessment of exposure to hsv-2 and human papillomaviruses (hpvs) respectively. ninety-ei ...19911655658
icp4, the major regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus, shares features common to gtp-binding proteins and is adenylated and guanylated.infected cell protein 4 (icp4), the product of the alpha 4 gene, regulates herpes simplex virus 1 and herpes simplex virus 2 gene expression at the transcriptional level both positively and negatively. previous studies have shown that icp4 is extensively modified posttranslationally. we report that icp4 was labeled in isolated nuclei of infected cells by [alpha-32p]gtp or [alpha-32p]atp. the labeling of icp4 by [alpha-32p]gtp or [alpha-32p]atp required excess gtp, atp, gdp, and adp and occurred ...19911645791
evaluation of sq 34,514: pharmacokinetics and efficacy in experimental herpesvirus infections in mice.the new antiviral nucleoside sq 34,514 [(1r-1 alpha, 2 beta, 3 alpha)-2-amino-9- [2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]-6h-purin-6-one], the active r isomer of racemic sq 33,054 (cyclobut-g), was evaluated for efficacy in the treatment of herpesvirus infections in mice. sq 34,514 was orally efficacious in a herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) systemic infection, an intracerebral hsv-2 infection, a vaginally induced hsv-2 infection in ovariectomized mice, and in a systemic murine cytomegalovirus infe ...19911656863
differentiation of herpes simplex virus-induced fusion from without and fusion from within by cyclosporin a and compound 48/80.treating strains of herpes simplex virus (hsv) in culture with either cyclosporin a or compound 48/80, allowed the strains to be divided into two groups. group 1 contains the strains ang and hfem of hsv-1 and lux syn (hsv-2) producing fusion from within (ffwi) and fusion from without (ffwo). cyclosporin a fails to inhibit both types of fusion at concentrations up to 100 microm. strains ang and hfem belong to the syn 3 marker locus group identified for hsv-1. group 2 contains all other fusion-pro ...19911646277
the simian herpesvirus sa8 homologue of the herpes simplex virus gb gene: mapping, sequencing, and comparison to the hsv gb.the genomic location and dna sequence of the simian herpesvirus sa8 gene encoding a homologue of the hsv1 gb glycoprotein was determined. using a cloned gb gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) as probe in southern blot hybridizations, the sa8 gb gene was localized to a 10-kbp kpni fragment mapping in the unique long part of the genome. a 2.8 kbp, 68.4% gc segment of this fragment was sequenced. it contained a 2649 nucleotide orf possibly encoding a 98.4 kda polypeptide. the predicted amino ...19911646593
herpes simplex virus type 2 and hiv seroconversion. 19911646875
rheumatoid factors react with fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 fc gamma-binding proteins.human polyclonal igm rheumatoid factors (rf) were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies (mab) (ii-481 and b10/a8) to glycoprotein e (ge), the fc gamma-binding protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), as well as with mab 88-s to ge of hsv-2. most of the rf reacted with ii-481 and 88-s. positive reactions were recorded for rf reacting with whole mab ii-481 and 88-s, as well as with their fab, but not their fc, fragments. human monoclonal igm rf isolated f ...19911647772
restriction endonuclease patterns of herpes simplex virus dna: subtyping of hsv-1 and hsv-2 strains from genital and nongenital lesions.herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) isolates from genital and nongenital infections were submitted to restriction endonuclease analysis for possible genomic changes in relation with the adaptation of the virus to a new site on the body. hsv-1 and hsv-2 strains were successfully divided into two subgroups using the hin c ii restriction enzyme. no correlation was found, however, between the proposed genomic subtypes h1a, h1b, h2a and h2b, and the genital or nongenital origin of the hs ...19911647930
effects of cytokines and r-837, a cytokine inducer, on uv-irradiation augmented recurrent genital herpes in guinea pigs.we have recently reported that latently hsv-2-infected guinea pigs exhibit a three- to four-fold increase in recurrent lesions after exposure to ultraviolet radiation (uv), allowing rapid evaluation of antiviral drugs in treating recurrent hsv disease. in this report we examine the effect of alpha interferon (ifn-alpha), interleukin-2 (il-2), and a cytokine inducer (r-837) on uv-induced recurrent genital herpes. we have previously shown that topical r-837 is a biologic response modifier with no ...19911659313
[monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex viruses antigens--specificity and utility in rapid serotyping of clinical isolates].sixteen hybridomas secreting antibodies to hsv-1 and 22 hybridomas secreting antibodies to hsv-2 were derived from fusion of sp2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with each respective virus. four of the former 16 hybridomas and seven of the latter 22 hybridomas were subcloned and injected into pristane-primed mice to obtain high titers of monoclonal antibodies. antigen specificity of these monoclonal antibodies were determined by the western blotting (wb) assay. two ou ...19911649232
the pathogenicity of ribonucleotide reductase-null mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 in mice.the pathogenicity of ribonucleotide reductase (rr)-null mutants (hrr3 and icp6 delta) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 was studied after intracerebral and corneal inoculation in newborn and adult icr mice. icp6 delta failed to replicate in brains of mice greater than or equal to 8 days old but exhibited significant virulence for newborn mice as a result of viral replication in the brains. the rr- and a thymidine kinase (tk)-deficient mutant of hsv-1 strain kos could grow in eye tissues of ad ...19911659596
complementary lethal invasion of the central nervous system by nonneuroinvasive herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.it is well-known that viral thymidine kinase (tk) expression is important for the maximum demonstration of virulence of herpes simplex virus (hsv). in this study, we have investigated interactions of a tk- mutant of virulent hsv type 2 (hsv-2) (syn+) and a nonneuroinvasive hsv-1 (syn) in mice. when the mice were inoculated with each virus alone in their rear footpads, no mice were killed even after infection with high doses of viruses (greater than 10(6) pfu per mouse), whereas 100% of the mice ...19911649347
efficacy of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine in the therapy of tk+ and tk- herpes simplex virus experimental keratitis.the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogue pmea [9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine] is a broad spectrum antiviral agent effective against dna viruses and retroviruses. it is particularly active against the human immunodeficiency virus and, like other phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives, it also inhibits hsv-1, tk- hsv-1 and hsv-2. we have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of pmea in the hsv-1 and tk- hsv-1 experimental keratitis models using bvdu (bromovinyldeoxyuridine) as the reference comp ...19911650660
protective effect of anti-glycoprotein d antibody on herpetic chorioretinitis in newborn rabbits.subcutaneous injection of type 2 herpes simplex virus (hsv-2) (10(3) pfu) to newborn rabbits produced severe skin lesions and wide dissemination of the virus to various organs including the eye. ocular lesions were characterized by retinal folds and choroiditis. hsv could be isolated from mononuclear cells (mncs) of infected animal blood. newborn rabbits treated with monoclonal antibody (mab) against glycoprotein d (gd) of hsv on days 0, 2 and 4 postinfection had little or no skin lesions (0.0-2 ...19911650664
differences in the capacity of two herpes simplex virus isolates to spread from eye to brain map to 1610 base pairs of dna found in the gene for dna polymerase.a intertypic recombinant, designated hsv-r(d1), had previously been generated from non-neuroinvasive hsv-2(186) and neuroinvasive hsv-1(17). although the recombinant contained less than 2% of the hsv-1 genome, it retained the neuroinvasive phenotype. the nucleotide sequences responsible for the neuroinvasiveness of hsv-r(d1) were previously mapped to a 3.0 kb segment of dna located within the dna polymerase gene (mu 0.414 to 0.430) via marker rescue experiments. we have now sequenced this region ...19911650671
evidence endogenous interferon production contributed to the lack of ocular virulence of an hsv intertypic recombinant.an intertypic recombinant isolated from rabbit kidney cells following co-transfection of hsv-1(17) and hsv-2(186) dna failed to induce overt ocular pathology when inoculated onto the murine sacrificed cornea at concentrations as high as 10(7) pfu per eye. in contrast, both parents induced corneal disease at a 1000-fold lower dose. the reason(s) for the failure of the intertypic recombinant, designated ro25x, to induce corneal pathology was investigated. it was found that the recombinant was 100- ...19911650672
improved detection of hsv by electron microscopy in clinical specimens using ultracentrifugation and colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy: comparison with viral culture and cytodiagnosis.three tests were compared to diagnose herpes virus infection: electron microscopy (em), viral culture (vc) and cytodiagnosis (tzanck smear). the study comprised 67 patients with skin or mucous membrane lesions suggestive of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection. the sensitivity of em increased 25% after virus concentration by ultracentrifugation. herpes virus infection was confirmed in 55 of the 67 cases by em or vc or both. em detected 53 herpes virus-positive lesion samples of which 14 were not ...19911660490
necrotizing myelopathy associated with malignancy caused by herpes simplex virus type 2: clinical report of two cases and literature review.two cases of necrotizing myelopathy, one with lung carcinoma and the other with adult t cell leukemia (atl), displayed flaccid paraplegia and sphincter dysfunction. both cases did not show any direct neoplastic cell invasion of the spinal cord. pathologically, diffuse and random necrosis was found in the spinal cord in both cases. in the case of atl, small numbers of inclusion bodies in the nerve cell nuclei were demonstrated. using polyclonal and also monoclonal antibodies, herpes simplex virus ...19911650859
synthesis and anticancer and antiviral activities of various 2'- and 3'-methylidene-substituted nucleoside analogues and crystal structure of 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine hydrochloride.various 2'- and 3'-methylidene-substituted nucleoside analogues have been synthesized and evaluated as potential anticancer and/or antiviral agents. among these compounds, 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidene-5-fluorocytidine (22) and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine (23) not only demonstrated potent anticancer activity in culture against murine l1210 and p388 leukemias, sarcoma 180, and human ccrf-cem lymphoblastic leukemia, producing ed50 values of 1.2 and 0.3 microm, 0.6 and 0.4 microm, 1.5 and 1.5 microm, ...19911652024
inability of enzyme immunoassays to discriminate between infections with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.to determine the accuracy of three commercial enzyme immunoassays in detecting and subtyping antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2.19911652909
nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the gene encoding virion protein 16 of herpes simplex virus type 2.a virion protein (vp16) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) activates transcription of viral immediate-early genes. we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the virion activator gene from hsv-2, which we term vp16-2. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the hsv-1 and hsv-2 homologs shows that the vp16-2 gene product retains features determined to be important for transcriptional activation by vp16.19911653757
genomic sequences homologous to the protein kinase region of the bifunctional herpes simplex virus type 2 protein icp10.the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) ribonucleotide reductase (icp10) consists of two functional domains. the amino (n)-terminal domain at residues 1-411 has serine/threonine-specific kinase activity (pk domain) and is encoded by a dna fragment with transforming potential (15,17). the remaining region is required for ribonucleotide reductase activity (rr domain) (14, 15). computer-assisted comparison of the icp10 sequence to the embl database 21 has revealed sequences within ...19911663292
seroreactive recombinant herpes simplex virus type 2-specific glycoprotein g.the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) genome codes for an envelope protein, glycoprotein g (gg), which contains predominantly type 2-specific epitopes. a portion of this gg gene has been expressed as a fusion protein in escherichia coli. expression was regulated by a lambda phage pl promoter. the 60,000-molecular-weight recombinant protein was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. amino acid sequence analysis confirmed the n terminus of the purified protein. mice immunized with recombinant ...19911653787
herpes simplex virus glycoprotein c is a receptor for complement component ic3b.herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells bind c3b and ic3b, but not c3d, at the cell surface. herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-infected cells bind none of these c3 fragments. a transfection assay was used to demonstrate that binding of ic3b was to gc1. although ic3b did not bind to hsv-2-infected cells, it did bind to mammalian cells transfected with the gc2 gene. using linker insertion mutants, three domains on gc2 that are important for binding ic3b were mapped; these regions were similar ...19911654359
the rl neurovirulence locus in herpes simplex virus type 2 strain hg52 plays no role in latency.we have demonstrated that the variant jh2604 of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) strain hg52 is completely avirulent in balb/c mice following intracranial inoculation, with an ld50 of greater than 10(7) p.f.u./mouse compared to the wild-type ld50 of less than 10(2) p.f.u./mouse. in jh2604, a 1.5 kbp deletion extends from the dr1/ub junction of the 'a' sequence to 511 bp upstream of the 5' end of ie1 in both long repeats. we have since constructed a second variant (2701) in which only 850 ...19911654382
the nucleotide sequence, 5' end, promoter domain, and kinetics of expression of the gene encoding the herpes simplex virus type 2 latency-associated transcript.the sequence of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) latency-associated transcript (lat) region resembles that of hsv-1 only where the lats overlap icp0 and in the putative promoter region. otherwise, the lat 5' ends, kinetics of expression, and promoter elements are mostly conserved between hsv-1 and hsv-2. the remaining differences between the lats could contribute to each virus's distinctive pattern of reactivation.19911654458
enhanced malignant transformation induced by expression of a distinct protein domain of ribonucleotide reductase large subunit from herpes simplex virus type 2.the 1.3-kilobase (kb) pst i dna fragment c (pst i-c) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) morphological transforming region iii (mtriii; map unit 0.562-0.570) encodes part of the n-terminal half of the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (rr1; amino acid residues 71-502) and induces the neoplastic transformation of immortalized cell lines. to assess directly the role of these rr1 protein sequences in cell transformation, the pst i-c fragment was cloned in an expression vector (p91023) co ...19911654564
modulation of lymphoproliferation and oxidative burst by herpes-transformed tumors.in this study, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-transformed cells (h238) and conditioned medium (cm) from h238 cell cultures were studied with respect to their effects on lymphoproliferation and the chemiluminescent oxidative burst of phagocytic cells. the h238 cells expressed a nuclear antigen detectable by fluorescent antibody testing using pooled sera from tumor-bearing mice, but no hsv-1 or hsv-2 cell membrane antigens could be found using specific monoclonal antibodies. balb/c mice subcu ...19911654931
screening pregnant women for genital herpes.in a prospective study to identify the viral type isolated from women undergoing screening for herpes simplex virus (hsv) during pregnancy using fluoroscine-labelled monoclonal antibodies to hsv-1 and hsv-2, hsv-2 was more likely to be isolated during the third trimester and was the only viral type isolated at term. as the severity of neonatal central nervous system disease is greater with hsv-2 than hsv-1 we recommended that all women with a history of genital herpes should be screened during p ...19911655058
genital warts, other sexually transmitted diseases, and vulvar cancer.to determine whether specific sexually transmitted diseases were associated with an increased risk of vulvar cancer, we conducted a case-control study among residents of three countries in western washington. we identified, interviewed, and obtained blood samples from women with in situ (n = 180) and invasive (n = 53) vulvar cancer, 18-79 years of age, who were first diagnosed with these diseases during 1980-1988. we compared their responses with those of 466 women from the general population wh ...19911655066
virological and clinical characteristics of human herpesvirus 6.six distinct human herpesviruses have been identified. they include herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), cytomegalovirus (cmv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), epstein-barr virus and the recently described human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6). with the exception of hsv-2, the members of the family are ubiquitous and infect most of the human population in the first decade of life. hhv-6 possesses morphological and structural features characteristic of members from the herpesvirus family ...19911666441
vaccination against herpesvirus, fiction or reality?against herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) there are commercially available vaccines which may induce protection against symptoms of primary infections, but not against establishment of latency. effective animal vaccines have been developed against herpes simplex-like viruses, for example pseudorabies vaccine for pigs, and an experimental vaccine can protect cattle against infection with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus. there are also commercially available effective live vaccines again ...19911666442
one year acyclovir suppression of frequently recurring genital herpes: a study of efficacy, safety, virus sensitivity and antibody response.the efficacy of oral acyclovir 400 mg twice daily in suppressing frequently relapsing genital herpes simplex was evaluated in an open multicenter study. seventy-one patients were treated for 12 months. during treatment, 73% of the patients were completely free of symptoms when taking the tablets continuously, and another 14% had mild symptoms such as erythema and/or itching at single occasions. an accidental treatment interruption for 2-4 days led to mild but definite herpes episodes within a fe ...19911666444
suppression of ocular herpes recurrences by a thymidine kinase inhibitor in squirrel monkeys.5'-ethynylthymidine, an inhibitor of viral thymidine kinase (tk), was given intraperitoneally to squirrel monkeys previously infected by the ocular route with rodanus strain herpes simplex virus. spontaneous ocular recurrences were reduced during therapy, compared to saline-treated controls. this is the first in vivo demonstration that a viral tk inhibitor can reduce recurrences of hsv-1. similar benefit would be expected for hsv-2 and perhaps vzv (varicella zoster virus).19911666825
the herpes simplex virus 1 protein kinase encoded by the us3 gene mediates posttranslational modification of the phosphoprotein encoded by the ul34 gene.earlier studies have shown that a herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) open reading frame, us3, encodes a novel protein kinase and have characterized the cognate amino acid sequence which is phosphorylated by this enzyme. this report identifies an apparently essential viral phosphoprotein whose posttranslational processing involves the viral protein kinase. analyses of viral proteins phosphorylated in the course of productive infection revealed a phosphoprotein whose mobility was viral protein kinase ...19911656069
suppression of immune responses by herpes virus type 2-transformed murine tumor cells.work done in our laboratories, using a murine model, indicates that suppression of host immune responses might be due to secretion of soluble factors by tumor cells. the h238 cells (balb/c embryonic fibroblasts transformed by uv-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 2) exhibit progressive tumor growth with subsequent decrease in lymphoproliferation. to further study the suppressive effects of a tumor, h238 conditioned medium (cm) was tested for its ability to block murine and human mitogenic and ...19911660030
antiviral activity of 1-docosanol, an inhibitor of lipid-enveloped viruses including herpes simplex.this article reports that 1-docosanol, a 22-carbon-long saturated alcohol, exerts a substantial inhibitory effect on replication of certain viruses (e.g., herpes simplex virus and respiratory syncytial virus) within primary target cells in vitro. to study the basis for its viral inhibitory activity, a suspension of 1-docosanol was formulated in an inert and nontoxic surfactant, pluronic f-68; this suspension exerted potent inhibitory activity on the ability of susceptible viruses to infect cultu ...19911660151
apical expression of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoproteins in human neuroblastoma cells.the expression of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) glycoproteins on the surface of human neuroblastoma cells has been investigated using millipore millicell culture plate inserts. utilizing a modified radioimmunoassay, we learned that glycoproteins b, c, d, e, and i were expressed predominantly on the apical membrane domain of the infected neuroblastoma cells. the unidirectional transport of hsv-2 glycoproteins was substantiated by the analysis of extracellular glycoproteins released from neu ...19911660208
efficacy of hsv-1 iscom vaccine in the guinea-pig model of hsv-2 infection.the capability of a herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 iscom vaccine to protect against intravaginal hsv-2 challenge infection in guinea-pigs is described. the protective efficacy of the hsv-1 iscom vaccine is compared with that of a purified, aqueous hsv-1 antigen preparation administered using a similar immunization schedule. the results show that female guinea-pigs immunized with two doses of hsv-1 iscom vaccine, each consisting of 20 micrograms of protein given 2 weeks apart responded with high el ...19911661978
acyclovir resistant genital herpes virus infection in a patient with aids.three acyclovir resistant strains of hsv-2 were isolated from mucoulcerative lesions in a patient suffering from aids in whom the oral and intravenous acyclovir treatment was unsuccessful. all the isolates were classified by monoclonal antibodies and showed no differences in dna restriction patterns.19911683121
comparative sequence analysis of the long repeat regions and adjoining parts of the long unique regions in the genomes of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2.we report the determination of the dna sequence of the long repeat (rl) region and adjacent parts of the long unique (ul) region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) strain hg52. the dna sequences and genetic content of the extremities of hsv-2 ul were found to be closely similar to those determined previously for hsv-1. the 5658 bp sequenced at the left end of hsv-2 ul contained coding regions for genes ul1 to ul4 plus part of ul5. the 4355 bp sequenced at the right end of ul co ...19911662697
a transformation-specific polypeptide distinct from heat shock proteins is induced by herpes simplex virus type 2 infection.a tumour-specific polypeptide designated u90 is one of a set of polypeptides which are encoded by the host cell and are specific for the transformed cell state, being immunoprecipitated by the sera of tumour-bearing animals. the interest in these tumour-specific polypeptides centres on the finding that they are also recognized by antisera raised against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-infected cells, implying some role for hsv-2 in tumorigenesis. the peptide map of hsv-2-induced u90 is indis ...19911662699
discrimination of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 cerebral infections in a rat model.a rat model was used to evaluate intertypic differences after intracranial (i.c.) inoculation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 strains with regard to neurovirulence and neuropathology, and influence of age on susceptibility. in adult rats, hsv-1 strains were more virulent than hsv-2 strains. hsv-1 replicated to higher titers in the central nervous system (cns) of rats, as compared with hsv-2. in rats of less than 2-3 weeks of age, hsv-1 and hsv-2 were equally virulent, but morphologic ...19911662855
amplification and characterization of herpesvirus dna in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with acute encephalitis.a single pair of oligonucleotide primers selected within a highly conserved region of the dna polymerase gene of the herpesviruses was designed to amplify related viral genomes, i.e., herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, epstein-barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, by the polymerase chain reaction. a simple restriction enzyme analysis of these amplified products allowed accurate characterization of the herpesvirus type. ninety-nine cerebrospinal fluid samples from 36 patients (i ...19911663508
synergistic topical therapy by acyclovir and a1110u for herpes simplex virus induced zosteriform rash in mice.combination therapy with a1110u, an inactivator of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) and the varicella zoster virus ribonucleotide reductase, and acyclovir (acv) was evaluated for treatment of cutaneous herpetic disease in athymic mice infected on the dorsum. in this model, infection with hsv produces a 'zosteriform-like' rash that is first visible on day 3 or 4 post-infection (p.i.) and eventually extends from the anterior mid-line to the dorsal mid-line of the affected flank. in untreated mice, t ...19911650166
colonization of adrenal glands and ovaries of mice by variants of hsv 1 and 2. ii. histopathological, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies.the herpes simplex virus (hsv)-infected mouse model was used to correlate histopathological lesions in adrenal glands and ovaries with the localisation of viral nucleic acids and viral antigens, employing in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. in the adrenals, the lesions were mainly restricted to the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis, sometimes extending to the medulla. in the ovaries, lesions were detected in follicles and in the stroma. during the course of infection, hsv nuc ...19912018430
native herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d vaccine: immunogenicity and protection in animal models.mice, guinea pigs, and rhesus monkeys were immunized with immunoaffinity-purified native glycoprotein d (gd) derived from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1). the native glycoprotein has evoked significant in vivo responses even at low doses. thus, mice immunized with doses as low as 1 microgram were significantly protected from the morbidity and mortality of lethal hsv2 challenge and from establishment of latent hsv2 infection. protection was dose-related and correlated with prechallenge serum n ...19911645898
cleavage of the bovine herpesvirus glycoprotein b is not essential for its function.herpes simplex virus glycoprotein b (hsvgb) and its bovine herpesvirus homologue (bhvgb) share similar primary structures. these glycoproteins are present in the envelope of the virion and are believed to initiate infection by fusing the virus envelope with a host cell membrane. bhvgb, like the membrane-fusing glycoproteins of most enveloped viruses, is normally cleaved and is present as a disulphide-linked complex in the virus envelope and host cell membranes. hsvgb, however, remains uncleaved, ...19911654372
neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in relation to asymptomatic maternal infection at the time of labor.to define the risk factors associated with neonatal acquisition of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection, we prospectively obtained hsv cultures from the cervix and external genitalia of 15,923 pregnant women in early labor who were without symptoms or signs of genital hsv infection. follow-up of the women with positive cultures for hsv and their hsv-exposed infants included serologic tests and serial cultures for hsv.19911849612
detection and characterization of latent hsv rna by in situ and northern blot hybridization in guinea pigs.following intravaginal infection of guinea pigs, herpes simplex virus establishes a latent infection in the sensory lumbosacral ganglia. using the techniques of in situ and northern blot hybridization, we have characterized this latent hsv-2 virus and compared it to latent hsv-1 at the same anatomical site. for hsv-2, a single 1.8-kb latency-associated transcript (lat) was detected. in contrast, as described for latent hsv-1 in the trigeminal ganglia of rabbits and mice, two hsv-1 lat species we ...19911849688
priming of rabbit alveolar macrophages for enhanced oxidative responses by herpes simplex virus type 2 infection.the effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection on the oxidative response in infant and adult rabbit alveolar macrophages (am) was studied using either phorbol myristate acetate (0.5 microgram pma/ml) or latex (250 micrograms/ml) as eliciting agents in a chemiluminescence (cl) assay. results indicated that uninfected infant am responded to a latex-elicited but not pma-elicited cl response. hsv-2 infection (moi = 1.0) of infant am for 2 hr at 37 degrees c did not alter the pma or late ...19911849952
properties and evolutionary relationships of the marek's disease virus homologues of protein kinase, glycoprotein d and glycoprotein i of herpes simplex virus.the deduced amino acid sequences of the open reading frames (orfs) mapping in the short unique segment (us) of marek's disease virus (mdv) reported in the accompanying paper have been analysed using computer programs to determine their relationships to herpesvirus proteins. analysis of the catalytic domains of protein kinases showed that the mdv kinase (mdv pk) was closely related to the alphaherpesvirus protein kinase mapping in us. the results also showed that the mdv pk was more closely relat ...19911849976
herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infection in human oral mucosa in culture.to examine the sensitivity of human oral mucosa to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) infection, human gingival mucosa explants were infected with either hsv-1 or hsv-2 in vitro and the expression of virus specific antigen was examined by the immunofluorescent antibody technique. hsv-2 antigen was found in the basement membrane, basal cell layer and lower prickle cell layer. this finding was consistent with the hsv-1 infection. electron microscopic study revealed the presence ...19911849992
expression of herpes simplex virus type 2 latency-associated transcript in neurons and nonneurons.the presence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) transcription during in vivo latent infection was investigated by in situ hybridization. latent infection of mouse dorsal root ganglion was investigated with the bamhi p fragment of hsv-2, which resulted in evidence of ganglion hybridization, and other fragments representing approximately 40% of the genome, which did not result in hybridization. strand specificity of hybridization was investigated in studies with synthetic oligonucleotides, whi ...19911850049
use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect herpes simplex virus dna in paraffin sections of human brain at necropsy.the feasibility of detecting herpesvirus dna in paraffin sections of routinely fixed and processed human necropsy brains by use of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was assessed. a 110 bp segment of the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) could readily be amplified in sections from the brains of six patients with acute hsv1 encephalitis but not from those of six patients with other neurological diseases, including varicella-zoster encephalitis and herpes simplex virus t ...19911850452
modulation of the intrinsic antiviral activity by escherichia coli endotoxin in macrophages from patients with neoplasia.macrophages from patients with breast cancer showed an impairment of their antiviral activity. the capability to hinder herpes simplex virus type 2 replication of macrophages from healthy donors and from patients with breast cancer was compared to the in-vitro treatment with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps). the lps showed a dose-dependent effect on the different macrophage populations studied. nevertheless, macrophages from healthy donors appeared to be more sensitive to lps in compari ...19911850454
expression of hsv-1 and hsv-2 glycoprotein g in insect cells by using a novel baculovirus expression vector.herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) glycoprotein g (gg-1 and gg-2) were expressed in insect cells from recombinant baculoviruses (acdsmgg-1 and acdsmgg-2, respectively) constructed using a novel baculovirus transfer vector, pacdsm. this vector allows the coding region of a foreign gene to be precisely linked to the baculovirus polyhedrin gene at the translation initiation site and retains the native polyhedrin translation initiation environment. fourfold more gg-1, with a higher ...19911850903
mutagenesis occurring following infection with herpes simplex virus does not require virus replication.infection of eukaryotic cells in culture with herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) or hsv-2 increased the mutation frequency of the supf gene carried on the shuttle vector pz189 by around sixfold. the increase was apparent 2 hr postinfection and reached a peak after 8 hr. to investigate this mutagenesis, plasmids pckrr1 and pckrr2 were constructed to express the large and small subunits, respectively, of hsv-2 ribonucleotide reductase (rr) under the control of the inducible mouse metallothionein ...19911850920
oral acyclovir therapy of recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection of the hand.acyclovir was evaluated as treatment of recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection of the hand in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. in nine fully evaluable patients, oral acyclovir (2 g/day in three doses for 10 days) initiated during the earliest phase of a recurrence reduced the mean durations (+/- standard deviation) of clinical symptoms from 10.1 (+/- 3.6) to 3.7 (+/- 3.0) days (p = 0.008), signs from 11.1 (+/- 3.7) to 6.2 (+/- 3.3) days (p = 0.024), and viral positivi ...19911850971
retention of nonlinear viral dna during herpes simplex virus latency in vitro.we investigated the state of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) genome during latency in vitro. latent dna was present in the cell nucleus in a nonlinear configuration. the joint fragment was represented at approximately double the molar concentration of fragments from unique regions, indicating that genome termini had fused. the hsv-2 genome copy number was estimated to be between 1.5 and 8, with a mean value of 4.5 per latently infected cell. nonlinear hsv dna can therefore exist during l ...19911851145
cell-mediated immunologic responses and recurrent genital herpes in the guinea pig. effects of glycoprotein immunotherapy.the specific immune alterations associated with hsv recurrences are ill defined although it appears that alterations in cell-mediated immune mechanisms are more likely associated with recurrent disease than humoral immunity. immunization with hsv glycoproteins b and d (gbgd) after primary hsv infection has reportedly reduced the frequency of recurrences but the mechanisms remain unidentified. we therefore evaluated the effects of immunization with cloned gbgd on selected cell-mediated immune res ...19911851194
antiviral activity and dose optimum of recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor on herpes simplex genitalis in guinea pigs.the antiviral activity of recombinant human macrophage csf (m-csf) against genital herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) infection in guinea pigs was investigated. m-csf stimulates proliferation of human and guinea pig peripheral blood monocytes, specifically the plastic adherent esterase-positive mononuclear cells. when anti-hsv-2 activity of m-csf was evaluated in guinea pigs by 6 daily injection (s.c.) of m-csf at various doses (5 x 10(5) to 7 x 10(7) u/kg), we found 2 x 10(6) u/kg to be the op ...19911851195
synthesis and antiviral activity of 5-heteroaryl-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines.the synthesis of 5-heteroaryl-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines is described. the heteroaromatics were obtained from three different 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines. cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxides on the 5-ethynyl derivative 1 gave the isoxazoles 4a-e. the thiazole derivatives 14a-c were obtained from the 5-thiocarboxamide 11, while 5-pyrrol-1-yl-2'-deoxyuridine (17) could be synthesized directly from 5-amino-2'-deoxyuridine. the compounds were evaluated for antiviral activity. selective act ...19912061920
seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus and restriction endonuclease cleavages analysis of herpes simplex virus type 2 in okinawa.a seroepidemiologic study of herpes simplex virus (hsv) in okinawa was performed. a total of 423 serum samples were collected from all over okinawa, and the positivity rate of antibody against hsv was measured using a passive hemagglutination method. the sero-positive rate for hsv in age groups of over 40 years was 100%. seven hsv type 2 (hsv 2) isolates were obtained in okinawa, and dna preparations from vero cells infected with the isolates were analyzed using five restriction endonucleases: b ...19911851598
leucine repeats in the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase (rr; icp10) are involved in rr activity and subunit complex formation.computer-assisted comparison of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) ribonucleotide reductase large subunit (rr1) sequence with the known primary structures of other rr1 proteins revealed a motif consisting of five leucines occurring at every seventh residue between positions 409 to 437. this motif is specific to hsv rr1 proteins. a synthetic oligopeptide (la-4) corresponding to 15 residues in the internal portion of the motif inhibited hsv-2 rr activity. in immunoprecipitation experiments, l ...19911851814
hiv and other sexually transmitted diseases among female prostitutes in kinshasa.in 1988, 1233 prostitutes from different geographic areas of kinshasa participated in a cross-sectional survey on hiv infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (stds). despite relatively good knowledge about aids and stds, the reported preventive behaviour was poor. only 12% of the women reported regular use of condoms, while greater than 50% of the women reported regular use of antibiotics and 38% reported doing nothing specific to prevent stds. thirty-five per cent of the women were hi ...19911883543
differential suppression of host cell protein synthesis and mrna levels in herpes simplex virus-infected endothelial cells.earlier studies from this laboratory have shown that infection of vascular cells with herpes simplex virus 1 or 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2) results in the differential suppression of extracellular matrix proteins including fibronectin (fn), type iv collagen, thrombospondin (tsp) and factor viii von willebrand protein. the present study was designed to determine whether a correlation exists between suppression of synthesis of specific proteins and their mrna levels. we have measured the steady-state levels ...19911891960
acute ascending necrotizing myelitis in okinawa caused by herpes simplex virus type 2.a case of rapidly progressing ascending myelitis was necropsied. necrosis was present throughout the whole length of the spinal cord and involved both the grey and white matter randomly. the perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the spinal cord in the present case was more pronounced than that in the previously reported two cases of necrotizing myelopathy associated with malignancy. using immunoperoxidase staining the presence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv 2) antigen was demonstrated. e ...19911899169
treatment of experimental genital herpes with liposomal interferon.the therapeutic effect of genetically engineered interferon (reaferon) in the treatment of genital herpes in male guinea pigs was studied. the disease was induced in the animals by application of culture liquid containing herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) to the scarified skin of the penis. the affected sites were treated once daily, for 7 days, with different reaferon preparations 1-3 days after the symptoms of the disease had appeared. reaferon preparations were most effective in the treatme ...19911912245
prolonged and potent therapeutic and prophylactic effects of (s)-1-[(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine against herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in mice.the acyclic nucleotide analog (s)-1-[(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine (hpmpc) is a potent and selective inhibitor of herpesviruses. cells preincubated with hpmpc are refractory to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection for several days after removal of the drug from the medium. a single administration of 30 mg of hpmpc per kg of body weight 4 days prior to virus infection intraperitoneally with hsv-2 (strain g) completely protected mice from death, and the protective effect ...19911929331
abnormal bleeding associated with reproductive tract infection.reproductive tract infection is an often unrecognized, but relatively common, cause of abnormal reproductive tract bleeding. postcoital bleeding, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, and oral contraceptive break-through bleeding are potentially infection-related complaints. the microorganisms most often associated with abnormal reproductive tract bleeding include: chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, herpes simplex virus type 2, and microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis. the clinical ...19911931376
[nationwide survey of necrotizing myelopathy associated with malignancy in japan].twenty-two cases of transverse myelopathy associated with malignancy were collected in nationwide survey in japan. paraneoplastic necrotizing myelopathy (pnm) was suspected in 9 of them and 8 cases were diagnosed as radiation myelopathy (rm), clinically and pathologically. other 5 cases had different causes of transverse myelopathy. in comparison with pnm and rm, malignant lymphoma, flaccid paraplegia and sphincter dysfunction were highly associated in the patients with pnm. on the other hand, l ...19911934764
management of genital herpes simplex infection.herpes simplex infection of the genitals is a common condition, more often due to herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 than to type 1 virus. there is a severe first attack followed by mild recurrences which are more common and more frequent after hsv-2 than after hsv-1 genital infection. clinical features with prodrome, vesicles and erosions may be characteristic allowing rapid clinical diagnosis. when possible laboratory confirmation should be attempted. general management includes simple hygiene, ...19911958714
[massive necrotizing adenitis complicating a disseminated herpes simplex virus 2 infection in chronic lymphoid leukemia].we report a case of a 68 years old male patient treated for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, presenting a right inguino-crural tender lymphadenopathy with periadenitis. the histologic changes associated with adenitis were large foci of necrosis with regular crown of epithelioid cells, without giant cell. the presence of herpes simplex virus 2 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and culture. occurrence, physiopathology, clinical and histological aspects of herpes simplex lymphadenitis in patients ...19912036132
efficacy of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine in various models of herpes simplex virus infection in mice.the phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivative (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (hpmpc) was evaluated for its in vivo efficacy in several model infections for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) and thymidine kinase-deficient (tk-) hsv-1 in mice. in hairless mice infected intracutaneously with hsv-1 or hsv-2, hpmpc completely suppressed all manifestations of the disease (skin lesions, paralysis of the hind legs, and mortality) if it was administered topically at a co ...19912069375
expression in bacteria of a polypeptide encoded by a transforming fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2.we have constructed a plasmid (pmd2) containing the 38,000 mw polypeptide (38k polypeptide) gene from the transforming bg1ii-n fragment of hsv-2 fused to the amino-terminal portion of the beta-galactosidase gene in plasmid puc8. nucleotide sequence determination around the fusion-junction confirmed that the viral gene sequences starting at its second codon is in the correct reading frame in relation to the translation initiation codon of beta-galactosidase. the lac control sequences direct the s ...19912032251
the conserved dna-binding domains encoded by the herpes simplex virus type 1 icp4, pseudorabies virus ie180, and varicella-zoster virus orf62 genes recognize similar sites in the corresponding promoters.herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), pseudorabies virus (prv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), and equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) are all classified as alphaherpesvirinae. each of these five viruses encodes an essential immediate-early (ie) regulatory protein referred to as hsv-1 icp4, hsv-2 icp4, prv ie180, vzv orf62 protein, and ehv-1 ie1, respectively. these five proteins share extensive homology with each other in domains referred to as regions 2 and 4. the hsv-1 icp4 region 2 d ...19911847444
herpes and human ribonucleotide reductases. inhibition by 2-acetylpyridine 5-[(2-chloroanilino)-thiocarbonyl]-thiocarbonohydrazone (348u87).the mode of inactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 and human ribonucleotide reductases by 2-acetylpyridine 5-[(2-chloroanilino)-thiocarbonyl]-thiocarbonohydrazone++ + (348u87) was determined and compared to that described previously [porter et al. biochem pharmacol 39: 639-646, 1990] for 2-acetylpyridine 5-[(dimethylamino)thiocarbonyl]-thiocarbonohydrazone (a1110u). 348u87 inactivated herpes ribonucleotide reductase faster than did a1110u. moreover, iron-complexed 348u87 was a considerably ...19911648925
genetic analysis of type-specific antigenic determinants of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein c.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein c (gc-1) elicits a largely serotype-specific immune response directed against previously described determinants designated antigenic sites i and ii. to more precisely define these two immunodominant antigenic regions of gc-1 and to determine whether the homologous hsv-2 glycoprotein (gc-2) has similarly situated antigenic determinants, viral recombinants containing gc chimeric genes which join site i and site ii of the two serotypes were construct ...19921378512
epitopes of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein b that bind type-common neutralizing antibodies elicit type-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.a panel of 45 well-characterized monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reactive to glycoprotein b (gb) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 was tested by elisa and in antiviral functional assays (that included virus neutralization, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc), and antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis), using type 1 or 2 virus strains. all mabs were elisa-reactive. eleven of the mabs mediated neutralization and 9 mediated adcc. all of the adcc epitopes were contained within the ...19921380051
identification of equine herpesvirus 4 glycoprotein g: a type-specific, secreted glycoprotein.equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv4) glycoproteins of m(r) 63k and 250k were identified in the supernatant of infected cell cultures. the 63k glycoprotein was type-specific; that is, it reacted with monospecific sera from horses that had been immunized or infected with ehv4, but not with monospecific sera from horses immunized or infected with ehv1, a closely related alphaherpesvirus. it was postulated that the secreted protein may be the homologue of similarly secreted glycoproteins of herpes simplex vi ...19921529525
outcome of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in guinea pigs.factors that influence the outcome of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection were explored in a guinea pig model. the viral inoculum required to establish infection in 50% of animals (id50) was similar for inbred (strain 2) and outbred (hartley) guinea pigs. however, the viral inoculum required to produce clinical disease in 50% of the animals (cd50) was 10 times greater for strain 2 compared to hartley animals. hsv infection of both inbred and outbred animals was more likely to result in ...19921578222
structural basis of c3b binding by glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus.glycoproteins c (gc) from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2, gc-1 and gc-2, bind the human complement fragment c3b, although the two glycoproteins differ in their abilities to act as c3b receptors on infected cells and in their effects on the alternative complement pathway. previously, we identified three regions of gc-2 (i, ii, and iii) which are important for c3b binding. in this study, our goal was to identify c3b-binding sites on gc-1 and to continue our analysis of gc-2. we cons ...19921602532
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