Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| Seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in pregnant women in Switzerland: an obstetric clinic based study. | OBJECTIVE: To assess the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) IgG antibodies and the seroincidence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in pregnant women attending the maternity clinic of the University Hospital Lausanne. STUDY DESIGN: Blood samples from 1030 women were taken at the usual pregnancy visit in the first trimester to assess the prevalence rate of IgG antibodies against HSV-1 and HSV-2 using a type-specific assay. A second blood sample was taken 6-8 weeks ... | 2011 | 21982938 |
| cutaneous infections caused by herpesviridae: a review. | the herpes family of viruses accounts for a significant proportion of human cutaneous disease. although most episodes of viral infection can be diagnosed clinically, a small subset of these outbreaks will require biopsy for histologic interpretation and diagnosis. most herpesviruses cause characteristic architectural and cytologic changes in the context of active infection, whereas the effects of some will not manifest until the future as malignant disease. other infections may go unnoticed seco ... | 2011 | 21970493 |
| prevalence and factors associated with hsv-2 and hepatitis b infections among truck drivers crossing the southern brazilian border. | the authors estimate the prevalence of hiv, syphilis, hepatitis b virus (hbv) and herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) infection and correlates of hbv and hsv-2 infection among truck drivers crossing the southern brazilian border at foz do iguaçu. | 2011 | 21968460 |
| atypical pityriasis rosea in a pregnant woman: first report associating local herpes simplex virus 2 reactivation. | 2011 | 21958020 | |
| Rhombencephalitis / brainstem encephalitis. | Rhombencephalitis (RE) is a syndrome of multiple causes and multiple outcomes. Most authors now use the terms "rhombencephalitis" and "brainstem encephalitis" interchangeably even though anatomically they are slightly different. The etiologic categories of RE include infections, autoimmune diseases, and paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). Listeria is the most common cause of infectious RE. Listeria RE primary occurs in healthy young adults. It usually occurs as a biphasic time course with a flu-like ... | 2011 | 21956758 |
| persistent cutaneous neonatal herpes caused by herpes simplex virus-2. | 2011 | 21955135 | |
| houttuynia cordata blocks hsv infection through inhibition of nf-κb activation. | houttuynia cordata thunb. is a medicinal plant widely used in folk medicine in several asian countries. it has been reported that a water extract of h. cordata exhibits activity against herpes simplex virus (hsv) and the virus of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), although the mechanisms are not fully understood yet. previous studies have demonstrated absolute requirement of nf-κb activation for efficient replication of hsv-1 and hsv-2 and inhibition of nf-κb activation has been shown to ... | 2011 | 21951655 |
| Digallate dimers of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate inactivate herpes simplex virus. | Topical microbicides are potentially an alternative method to vaccines for reducing the spread of herpes simplex virus (HSV). We have previously shown (S. Liu et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1723:270-281, 2005) that the catechin (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inactivates HSV at neutral pH; however, to function in the female genital tract EGCG must also be effective at acidic pH. EGCG inactivated HSV-1 and HSV-2 at pH 8.0 by 3 log(10) to 4 log(10) but was ineffective at pH 5.7. The EGCG digal ... | 2011 | 21947401 |
| Association of GRIN1 and GRIN2A-D with schizophrenia and genetic interaction with maternal herpes simplex virus-2 infection affecting disease risk. | N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are very important for proper brain development and several lines of evidence support that hypofunction of the NMDA receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Gene variation and gene-environmental interactions involving the genes encoding the NMDA receptors are therefore likely to influence the risk of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to determine (1) whether SNP variation in the genes (GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIN2C, and GRIN2D) ... | 2011 | 21919190 |
| Rapid virological diagnosis of central nervous system infections by use of a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR DNA microarray. | Viruses are the main etiological cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections. A rapid molecular diagnosis is recommended to improve the therapeutic management of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of a DNA microarray, the Clart Entherpex kit (Genomica, Coslada, Spain), allowing the rapid and simultaneous detection of 9 DNA and RNA neurotropic viruses: herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus ... | 2011 | 21918017 |
| Epidemiology of syphilis in Kenya: results from a nationally representative serological survey. | The authors used data from the Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS) 2007 to determine the prevalence of syphilis and associated risk factors among adults aged 15-64 years. | 2011 | 21917697 |
| Effects of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (Yerba Mate) on Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 Replication. | The antiherpes effects of the crude extract obtained from Ilex paraguariensis leaves (yerba mate) and their purified fractions were investigated. The most active fraction was selected and assayed to determine the viral multiplication steps upon which it acted. In order to detect the major components of this fraction, thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis was performed. The antiviral activity was evaluated against HSV-1 and HSV-2 by a viral plaque number reduction assay (IC(50) ) and the cytot ... | 2011 | 21915933 |
| herpes virus infection can cause intervertebral disc degeneration: a causal relationship? | it has been proposed that intervertebral disc degeneration might be caused by low-grade infection. the purpose of the present study was to assess the incidence of herpes viruses in intervertebral disc specimens from patients with lumbar disc herniation. a polymerase chain reaction based assay was applied to screen for the dna of eight different herpes viruses in 16 patients and two controls. dna of at least one herpes virus was detected in 13 specimens (81.25%). herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv- ... | 2011 | 21911538 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 serological testing and psychosocial harm: a systematic review. | serological testing for herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 in persons without a history of genital herpes is not recommended, partly because of concerns that an hsv-2 diagnosis would lead to negative psychosocial sequelae. this review aimed to examine the evidence regarding the psychosocial effects of hsv-2 serological testing. | 2011 | 21903980 |
| effect of asp2151, a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, in a guinea pig model of genital herpes. | asp2151 is a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor with antiviral activity against varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2). here, we examined the potency and efficacy of asp2151 against hsv in vitro and in vivo. we found that asp2151 was more potent in inhibiting the replication of hsv-1 and hsv-2 in vero cells in the plaque reduction assay and had greater anti-hsv activity in a guinea pig model of genital herpes than did acyclovir and valacyclovir (vacv), ... | 2011 | 21869749 |
| hiv epidemiology and breakthroughs in prevention 30 years into the aids epidemic. | thirty years after the first aids cases were reported in the united states, the hiv epidemic continues to be heavily concentrated among men who have sex with men (msm) in the united states. msm are heavily impacted throughout most of the world and are the predominant risk group throughout the americas and western europe; heterosexuals are the predominant risk group in sub-saharan africa; and injection drug users predominate throughout eastern europe and southeast asia. in the united states, blac ... | 2011 | 21868821 |
| HIV, HSV-2 and syphilis among married couples in India: patterns of discordance and concordance. | Differences in sexual networks probably explain the disparity in the scale of HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa and India. HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) discordant couple studies provide insights into important aspects of these sexual networks. The authors quantify the role of male sexual behaviour in HIV transmission in married couples in India. | 2011 | 21865404 |
| detailed analysis of mucosal herpes simplex virus-2 replication kinetics with and without antiviral therapy. | the presence of herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) shedding episodes correlates with transmission to sexual partners and neonates, and some episodes correlate with disease manifestations. hsv-2-targeted guanosine analogues are effective when given on a prophylactic basis, but do not completely eliminate recurrences, asymptomatic shedding or transmission. we sought to describe the impact of twice-daily aciclovir and famciclovir on shedding episodes. | 2011 | 21865349 |
| impact of herpes simplex virus type 2 on hiv-1 acquisition and progression in an hiv vaccine trial (the step study). | extensive observational data suggest that herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection may facilitate hiv acquisition, increase hiv viral load, and accelerate hiv progression and onward transmission. to explore these relationships, we examined the impact of preexisting hsv-2 infection in an international hiv vaccine trial. | 2011 | 21860356 |
| single and combination herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein vaccines adjuvanted with cpg oligodeoxynucleotides or monophosphoryl lipid a exhibit differential immunity that is not correlated to protection in animal models. | despite several attempts to develop an effective prophylactic vaccine for hsv-2, all have failed to show efficacy in the clinic. the most recent of these failures was the glaxosmithkline (gsk) subunit vaccine based on the glycoprotein gd with the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl). in a phase 3 clinical trial, this vaccine failed to protect from hsv-2 disease, even though good neutralizing antibody responses were elicited. we aimed to develop a superior, novel hsv-2 vaccine containing either ... | 2011 | 21852545 |
| health care seeking among men with genital ulcer disease in south africa: correlates and relationship to human immunodeficiency virus-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 detection and shedding. | episodic acyclovir therapy has been added to genital ulcer disease (gud) syndromic management guidelines in several sub-saharan african countries with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemics. we examined the correlates of health care seeking in men with gud and its relationship to hiv-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 outcomes. | 2011 | 21844743 |
| factors associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 incidence in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seronegative kenyan men and women reporting high-risk sexual behavior. | : herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is an important cause of genital ulcers and can increase the risk for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) transmission. our objective was to determine the incidence and correlates of hsv-2 infection in hiv-1-seronegative kenyan men reporting high-risk sexual behavior, compared with high-risk hiv-1-seronegative women in the same community. | 2011 | 21844740 |
| clinician and patient recognition of anogenital herpes disease in hiv positive men who have sex with men. | anogenital ulcers caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) are associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission. when compared with clinician examination, hiv/hsv-2 coinfected men who have sex with men are frequently unaware of anogenital ulcers. these data highlight the importance of condom use and the need for new hsv-2 prevention strategies. | 2011 | 21844739 |
| human immunodeficiency virus, sexually transmitted infections, and risk behaviors among clients of sex workers in guatemala: are they a bridge in human immunodeficiency virus transmission? | objectives:: clients of female sex workers (fsws) are an important target group for human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection (hiv/sti) prevention. this study aimed to estimate their hiv and other sti prevalence, examine their risk behaviors, and evaluate their role as a bridge population in the spread of hiv/stis. methods:: a cross-sectional study was performed among 553 clients recruited in commercial sex sites in the province of escuintla, guatemala. they were interviewed an ... | 2011 | 21844725 |
| population-based surveillance for neonatal herpes in new york city, april 2006-september 2010. | : population-based data for neonatal herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection are needed to describe disease burden and to develop and evaluate prevention strategies. | 2011 | 21844721 |
| prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes and associated cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in hiv-infected women in botswana. | human papillomaviruses (hpv) constitute one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections and are the etiological agents for invasive cervical cancer, the predominant cancer among women in botswana. however, the prevalence of hpv genotypes in botswana has yet to be reported. one hundred thirty-nine endocervical swabs were taken at baseline from hiv-1 infected, hsv-2 seropositive women enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study designed to assess the influence of herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv- ... | 2011 | 21837784 |
| multipurpose prevention technologies: biomedical tools to prevent hiv-1, hsv-2, and unintended pregnancies. | statistics clearly show an unmet need for highly effective contraception, especially in less developed countries. many of these countries are at the core of the hiv/aids epidemic and show very high prevalence rates for other sexually transmitted infections (stis) such as that caused by hsv-2. a woman at risk of unintended pregnancy due to unprotected intercourse is also at risk for hiv/sti. owing to their causative interrelationship, combining protection against these conditions will result in e ... | 2011 | 21836811 |
| effect of variable transmission rate on the dynamics of hiv in sub-saharan africa. | abstract: background: the cause of the high hiv prevalence in sub-saharan africa is incompletely understood, with heterosexual penile-vaginal transmission proposed as the main mechanism. heterosexual hiv transmission has been estimated to have a very low probability; but effects of cofactors that vary in space and time may substantially alter this pattern. methods: to test the effect of individual variation in the hiv infectiousness generated by co-infection, we developed and analyzed a mathemat ... | 2011 | 21834977 |
| are hiv epidemics among men who have sex with men emerging in the middle east and north africa?: a systematic review and data synthesis. | men who have sex with men (msm) bear a disproportionately higher burden of hiv infection than the general population. msm in the middle east and north africa (mena) are a largely hidden population because of a prevailing stigma towards this type of sexual behavior, thereby limiting the ability to assess infection transmission patterns among them. it is widely perceived that data are virtually nonexistent on msm and hiv in this region. the objective of this review was to delineate, for the first ... | 2011 | 21829329 |
| herpes simplex virus-induced epithelial damage and susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in human cervical organ culture. | normal human premenopausal cervical tissue has been used to derive primary cell populations and to establish ex vivo organ culture systems to study infections with herpes simplex virus (hsv-1 or hsv-2) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). infection with either hsv-1 or hsv-2 rapidly induced multinuclear giant cell formation and widespread damage in mucosal epithelial cells. subsequent exposure of the damaged mucosal surfaces to hiv-1 revealed frequent co-localization of hsv and hiv-1 ... | 2011 | 21818356 |
| hsv-2 glycoprotein c subunit immunization combined with glycoprotein d improves the protection of dorsal root ganglia in mice and reduces the frequency of recurrent vaginal shedding of hsv-2 dna in guinea pigs compared with glycoprotein d alone. | attempts to develop a vaccine to prevent genital hsv-2 disease have been only marginally successful, suggesting that novel strategies are needed. immunization with hsv-2 glycoproteins c (gc-2) and d (gd-2) was evaluated in mice and guinea pigs to determine whether adding gc-2 to a gd-2 subunit vaccine improves protection by producing antibodies that block gc-2 immune evasion from complement. antibodies produced by gc-2 immunization blocked the interaction between gc-2 and complement c3b, and pas ... | 2011 | 21813597 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2: seroprevalence in antenatal women. | to determine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2) infection in pregnant females, assess the frequency of unrecognized infection and identify the demographic profile and risk factors associated with the seroprevalence. | 2010 | 21808430 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives. | a series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives were synthesized via chemical optimization on phthiobuzone. their anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) activities in vitro were also tested. several compounds exhibited more highly potent anti-hsv activity and much higher selectivity index (si) values than those of phthiobuzone. the most potent anti-hsv compound was 4f, which showed marked inhibition against hsv-1 (ic(50)=77.04 µg/ml) and hsv-2 (ic(50)=30.00 µg/ml). meanwhile it had low cytotoxicity (cc ... | 2011 | 21804247 |
| evaluation of a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay stdfinder for the simultaneous detection of 7 sexually transmitted disease pathogens. | we evaluated a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr), "stdfinder assay", a novel multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (mlpa) assay for the simultaneous detection of 7 clinically relevant pathogens of stds, i.e., neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma genitalium, treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2). an internal amplification control was included in the mpcr reaction. the limits of detection for t ... | 2011 | 21798683 |
| synthesis, antiviral and cytotoxic investigation of 2-phenyl-3-substituted quinazolin-4(3h)-ones. | a series of 3(benzylideneamino)-2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3h)-ones was synthesized by reaction of 3-amino-2-phenyl-3h-quinazoline-4-one with various carbonyl compounds. | 2011 | 21796872 |
| expression of hsv-1 encoded mirnas in human trigeminal ganglia and their relation to local t-cell infiltrates. | herpes simplex type-1 (hsv-1) is a neurotropic virus which establishes lifelong latency in human trigeminal ganglia (tg). currently, two non-exclusive control mechanisms of hsv-1 latency are discussed: anti-viral cd8(+) t cells and viral micro rnas (mirna) encoded by the latency associated transcript (lat). here we investigate to what extent these mechanisms may contribute to the maintenance of hsv-1 latency. in the current study we show, that only a small proportion of lat(+) neurons is surroun ... | 2011 | 21795359 |
| hvem and nectin-1 mediate hsv-1 infection of the murine cornea. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that enters cells by receptor mediated fusion of the viral envelope with a host cell membrane. the envelope glycoprotein gd of hsv must bind to one of its receptors for entry to take place. recent studies using knock-out mice demonstrated that the gd receptors, herpes virus entry mediator (hvem) and nectin-1, are the primary entry receptors for hsv-2 in the mouse vagina and brain. nectin-1 was most crucial for neuronal spread of ... | 2011 | 21795335 |
| the kinetics of mucosal herpes simplex virus-2 infection in humans: evidence for rapid viral-host interactions. | (see the editorial commentary by quinn, on pages 495-8.) background. herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) reactivations in the genital tract are responsible for mucocutaneous lesions and transmission and manifest as discrete shedding episodes. methods. we analyzed duration, peak copy number, and expansion and decay rates of 1020 shedding episodes in 531 immunocompetent hsv-2-seropositive persons from whom daily swabs of genital secretions were collected. results. viral quantity varied by as much ... | 2011 | 21791657 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 ul14 tegument protein regulates intracellular compartmentalization of major tegument protein vp16. | abstract: background: herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has a complicated life-cycle, and its genome encodes many components that can modify the cellular environment to facilitate efficient viral replication. the protein ul14 is likely involved in viral maturation and egress (cunningham c. et al), and it facilitates the nuclear translocation of viral capsids and the tegument protein vp16 during the immediate-early phase of infection (yamauchi y. et al, 2008). ul14 of herpes simplex virus type ... | 2011 | 21791071 |
| antiherpetic activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from agaricus brasiliensis mycelia. | sulfated polysaccharides are good candidates for drug discovery in the treatment of herpetic infections. agaricus brasiliensis (syn a. subrufescens, a. blazei) is a basidiomycete fungus native to the atlantic forest region of southeastern brazil. herein we report the chemical modification of a polysaccharide extracted from a. brasiliensis mycelia to obtain its sulfated derivative (mi-s), which presented a promising inhibitory activity against hsv-1 [kos and 29r (acyclovir-resistant) strains] and ... | 2011 | 21787804 |
| the association between infection burden in iranian patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina. | aim: to evaluate the association of ischemic heart disease (ihd) with the number of pathogens (infection burden) among individuals with infection. methods: a total of 120 patients with ihd as the acute myocardial infarction (ami; n=60) or unstable angina (ua; n=60) group and 60 healthy subjects with sex- and age-matched as control group were enrolled in this study. serum samples of all participants were tested for the presence of antibodies to helicobacter pylori (h. pylori), cytomegalovirus (cm ... | 2011 | 21785173 |
| benzylidene-bis-(4-hydroxycoumarin) and benzopyrano-coumarin derivatives: synthesis, 1h/13c-nmr conformational and x-ray crystal structure studies and in vitro antiviral activity evaluations. | we report on the synthesis of 4-hydroxycoumarin dimers 1-15 bearing an aryl substituent on the central linker and fused benzopyranocoumarin derivatives 16-20 and on their in vitro broad anti-dna and rna virus activity evaluations. the chemical identities and structure of compounds 1-20 were deduced from their homo- and heteronuclear nmr measurements whereas the conformational properties of 5, 14 and 20 were assessed by the use of 1d difference noe enhancements. unequivocal proof of the stereostr ... | 2011 | 21772234 |
| a heat shock protein based polyvalent vaccine targeting hsv-2: cd4(+) and cd8(+) cellular immunity and protective efficacy. | efforts to develop a subunit vaccine against genital herpes have been hampered by lack of knowledge of the protective antigens of hsv-2, the causative agent of the disease. vaccines based either on selected antigens or attenuated live virus approaches have not demonstrated meaningful clinical activity. we present here results of a therapeutic vaccine candidate, herpv (formerly called ag-707), consisting of 32 hsv-2 peptides derived from 22 hsv-2 proteins, complexed non-covalently to the hsp70 ch ... | 2011 | 21767588 |
| [antiviral activity of 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified ovalbumin against herpes simplex virus 2 in vitro]. | to investigate the antiviral activity of 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified ovalbumin (hp-ova) against herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) in vitro. | 2011 | 21764688 |
| antiherpes activity of glucoevatromonoside, a cardenolide isolated from a brazilian cultivar of digitalis lanata. | cardiac glycosides, known ligands of the sodium pump, are widely used in the treatment of heart failure, such as digoxin and digitoxin. besides this important activity, other biological activities, such as the antiviral activity, have been described for this group. hsv are responsible for many infections of oral, ocular and genital regions. treatment with nucleoside analogs such as acyclovir is effective in most cases; however drug-resistance may arise due to prolonged treatment mainly in immuno ... | 2011 | 21763352 |
| pathologic and virologic characterization of neuroinvasion by hsv-2 in a mouse encephalitis model. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), a ubiquitous human pathogenassociated with genital infections, is neurotropic. it establishes latent infections in local dorsal root ganglia from which it reactivates causing recurrent lesions and frequent episodes of viral shedding. herpes simplex virus type 2 can also be transmitted from mother to child during birth, causing major neonatal complications including encephalitis. animal models of hsv-2 genital infection are well described and used for testing ... | 2011 | 21760533 |
| cmv and hsv-2 myeloradiculitis in an hiv infected patient. | while cmv myeloradiculitis is a known complication in aids patients with severe immunosuppression, hsv-2 necrotizing myeloradiculitis is rare and often associated with disabling a fatal outcome. we hereby describe a 46 year-old hiv infected patient with profound and sustained immunosuppression who presented with an acute ascending paraparesis and urinary retention. lumbar spine mri showed contrast enhancement at the conus medullaris and cauda equine, and both cmv and hsv-2 csf pcr were positive. ... | 2011 | 21755241 |
| acyclic nucleoside phosphonates with a branched 2-(2-phosphonoethoxy)ethyl chain: efficient synthesis and antiviral activity. | series of novel acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (anps) with various nucleobases and 2-(2-phosphonoethoxy)ethyl (pee) chain bearing various substituents in ß-position to the phosphonate moiety were prepared. the influence of structural alternations on antiviral activity was studied. several derivatives exhibit antiviral activity against hiv and vaccinia virus (middle micromolar range), hsv-1 and hsv-2 (lower micromolar range) and vzv and cmv (nanomolar range), although the parent unbranched pee-a ... | 2011 | 21745746 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 seroprevalence and incidence in acute and chronic hiv-1 infection. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) hiv co-infection is common and associated with increased risk of hiv transmission. hsv-2 seroprevalence was assessed on stored samples from baseline and one year follow-up from 81 patients identified with acute hiv infection and 81 age-matched chronically infected men. hsv-2 seroprevalence at baseline was lower for those with acute rather than chronic hiv-infection, 51.9 versus 71.6% (p = 0.01); relative risk 0.72 (95% confidence interval [ci] 0.57-0.92). sinc ... | 2011 | 21742810 |
| nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the hsv-2 serine/threonine kinase us3. | the alphaherpesvirus serine/threonine kinase us3 plays diverse roles in virus multiplication and modifies both nuclear and cytoplasmic substrates. we recently reported that treatment of hsv-2 us3-transfected and hsv-2-infected cells with leptomycin b, an inhibitor of nuclear export mediated by interaction of chromosomal regional maintenance protein (crm1) with leucine rich nuclear export signals (ness), resulted in nuclear trapping of us3. here, we utilized fluorescence loss in photobleaching to ... | 2011 | 21741667 |
| hsv-2 infection of dendritic cells amplifies a highly susceptible hiv-1 cell target. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) increases the risk of hiv-1 infection and, although several reports describe the interaction between these two viruses, the exact mechanism for this increased susceptibility remains unclear. dendritic cells (dcs) at the site of entry of hsv-2 and hiv-1 contribute to viral spread in the mucosa. specialized dcs present in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues produce retinoic acid (ra), an important immunomodulator, able to influence hiv-1 replication and a key me ... | 2011 | 21738472 |
| psychosocial impact of a positive hsv-2 diagnosis on adults with unrecognized hsv-2 infection. | to evaluate the current research on the psychosocial impact of a positive herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) diagnosis on asymptomatic adults. | 2011 | 21736611 |
| seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus 2 among hispanics in the usa: national health and nutrition examination survey, 2007-2008. | to examine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) among hispanics in the usa, we used the cross-sectional, nationally representative national health and nutrition examination survey to compare the seroprevalence of hsv-2 between hispanic persons of mexican heritage and non-mexican heritage aged 14-44 years, from survey years 2007-2008. the overall hsv-2 seroprevalence among hispanics aged 14-44 years was 17.5% (95% confidence interval [ci], 15.2, 20.1) in the usa. hsv-2 seropr ... | 2011 | 21729957 |
| of mice and not humans: how reliable are animal models for evaluation of herpes cd8(+)-t cell-epitopes-based immunotherapeutic vaccine candidates? | herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2)-specific cd8(+) t cells that reside in sensory ganglia, appear to control recurrent herpetic disease by aborting or reducing spontaneous and sporadic reactivations of latent virus. a reliable animal model is the ultimate key factor to test the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines that boost the level and the quality of sensory ganglia-resident cd8(+) t cells against spontaneous herpes reactivation from sensory neurons, yet its relevance has be ... | 2011 | 21718746 |
| pattern of sexually transmitted infections and performance of syndromic management against etiological diagnosis in patients attending the sexually transmitted infection clinic of a tertiary care hospital. | the availability of baseline information on the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (stis) and other associated risk behaviors is essential for designing, implementing, and monitoring successful targeted interventions. also, continuous analysis of risk assessment and prevalence-based screening studies are necessary to evaluate and monitor the performance of syndromic management. the aim of the present study was to document the pattern of common stis and to evaluate the performance of ... | 2010 | 21716796 |
| using centralized laboratory data to monitor trends in herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection in british columbia and the changing etiology of genital herpes. | understanding the regional epidemiology of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections is important for clinical and public health practice, due to the increasing availability of type-specific serologic testing in canada and the contribution of genital hsv-2 infection to ongoing hiv transmission. we used centralized laboratory data to describe trends in viral identifications of genital hsv in bc and assess the utility of these data for ongoing population surveillance. | 2011 | 21714324 |
| human herpesvirus 8 seropositivity among sexually active adults in uganda. | sexual transmission of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) has been implicated among homosexual men, but the evidence for sexual transmission among heterosexual individuals is controversial. we investigated the role of sexual transmission of hhv8 in a nationally representative sample in uganda, where hhv8 infection is endemic and transmitted mostly during childhood. | 2011 | 21712983 |
| identity of zinc finger nucleases with specificity to herpes simplex virus type ii genomic dna: novel hsv-2 vaccine/therapy precursors. | herpes simplex type ii (hsv-2) is a member of the family herpesviridae. human infection with this double stranded linear dna virus causes genital ulcerative disease and existing treatment options only serve to resolve the symptomatology (ulcers) associated with active hsv-2 infection but do not eliminate latent virus. as a result, infection with hsv-2 follows a life-long relapsing (active versus latent) course. on the basis of a primitive bacterium anti-phage dna defense, the restriction modific ... | 2011 | 21702927 |
| the risk factor profile of women with secondary infertility: an unmatched case-control study in kigali, rwanda. | secondary infertility is a common, preventable but neglected reproductive health problem in resource-poor countries. this study examines the association of past sexually transmitted infections (stis) including hiv, bacterial vaginosis (bv) and factors in the obstetric history with secondary infertility and their relative contributions to secondary infertility. | 2011 | 21702916 |
| the ribonucleotide reductase r1 subunits of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 protect cells against poly(i {middle dot} c)-induced apoptosis. | we recently provided evidence that the ribonucleotide reductase r1 subunits of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and -2) protect cells against tumor necrosis factor alpha- and fas ligand-induced apoptosis by interacting with caspase 8. double-stranded rna (dsrna) is a viral intermediate known to initiate innate antiviral responses. poly(i -à c), a synthetic analogue of viral dsrna, rapidly triggers caspase 8 activation and apoptosis in hela cells. here, we report that hela cells after hs ... | 2011 | 21697465 |
| herpes simplex virus infection in the croatian population. | abstract background: herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections are caused by 2 types of virus, hsv-1 and hsv-2. both viruses are endemic worldwide. there are marked variations in the seroprevalences of hsv-1 and hsv-2 in europe. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of hsv infections in croatia. methods: during a 3-y period (2008-2010), a total of 1672 patients were tested for the presence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. results: the over ... | 2011 | 21696254 |
| the effects of daily distress and personality on genital hsv shedding and lesions in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of acyclovir in hsv-2 seropositive women. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections are ubiquitous in humans, but the determinants of clinical and virologic severity are not completely understood. prior research has suggested that psychological distress can be a co-factor in reactivation of latent hsv infection. personality traits such as extraversion and neuroticism influence stress attributions and may inform the relationship between psychological distress and health outcomes. earlier studies in this area have primarily focused on subject ... | 2011 | 21693182 |
| hiv-related risk behaviors among a sample of men who have sex with men in puerto rico: an overview of substance use and sexual practices. | despite the growing impact of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic in puerto rico (pr), limited epidemiological research on men who have sex with men (msm) has been conducted. the aim of this study was to describe hiv-related risk behaviors in a sample of msm in pr. | 2011 | 21682148 |
| performance of the euroline western blot assay in the detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody in uganda, china and the usa. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (stis) worldwide. while glycoprotein g-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are commonly used for the serological detection of hsv-2 antibodies, they have low specificity in developing countries. the euroline western blot (wb) is a commercially available assay that is easy to perform; however, little is known about its performance characteristics. this study evaluated euroline wb for the detec ... | 2011 | 21680672 |
| low acceptance of hsv-2 testing among high-risk women. | we evaluated the acceptability of a community-based herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) screening programme for at-risk women and assessed factors related to uptake of point of care hsv-2 testing. one hundred recently arrested women (median age 34 years) were recruited from a community court handling lower-level misdemeanour cases in indianapolis, indiana. individuals completed a survey assessing factors related to hsv-2 screening intentions and were offered point of care hsv-2 testing. rates of ... | 2011 | 21680668 |
| mollaret's meningitis and herpes simplex virus type 2 infections. | benign recurrent aseptic meningitis is a rare disorder described by mollaret in 1944. when initially described, this form of aseptic meningitis had no identifiable infecting agent. new sophisticated diagnostic tools have now identified herpes simplex type 2 virus as the most commonly isolated agent. antiviral treatment has been used successfully for prophylaxis and treatment. | 2011 | 21680663 |
| investing in the future: lessons learnt from communicating the results of hsv/ hiv intervention trials in south africa. | communicating the results of randomised controlled trials may present challenges for researchers who have to work with communities and policy-makers to anticipate positive outcomes, while being aware that results may show no effect or harm. | 2011 | 21679389 |
| getting research into policy - herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) treatment and hiv infection: international guidelines formulation and the case of ghana. | observational epidemiological and biological data indicate clear synergies between herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and hiv, whereby hsv-2 enhances the potential for hiv acquisition or transmission. in 2001, the world health organization (who) launched a call for research into the possibilities of disrupting this cofactor effect through the use of antiherpetic therapy. a who expert meeting was convened in 2008 to review the research results. the results of the trials were mostly inconclusive ... | 2011 | 21679386 |
| male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of hiv in men. | previous systematic reviews found inconsistent effects of male circumcision on hiv acquisition in men who have sex with men (msm). however, a number of new studies have become available in the three years since the last systematic review. | 2011 | 21678366 |
| [herpes simplex virus infections, an update for the practitioner]. | the herpesviruses hsv-1 and -2 classically infect the oral and genital area respectively. they descend from a common ancestor but have evolved separately since several million years, getting each adapted to these areas. thus, while both can infect either site, hsv-1 reactivates often orally, while hsv-2 does so in the genital area. the followings facts are stressed, because we think they are new, or worth attention regarding hsv epidemiology (plateauing of the hsv-2 epidemic in the us, growing s ... | 2011 | 21674891 |
| genital herpes in children under 11 years and investigations for sexual abuse. | the implications for sexual abuse investigation of genital herpes in a child are uncertain because of a lack of good quality research evidence. the incidence, presenting features, history of exposure, indicators of child maltreatment and outcomes of child protection investigations in children with genital herpes are described. | 2011 | 21673184 |
| endometrial epithelial cell responses to coinfecting viral and bacterial pathogens in the genital tract can activate the hiv-1 ltr in an nf{kappa}b-and ap-1-dependent manner. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) are associated with increased human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) susceptibility and viral shedding in the genital tract, but the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. | 2011 | 21673042 |
| seroepidemiological survey of transmissible infectious diseases in a portuguese prison establishment. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in 151 (71.6%) of 211 male inmates of a regional portuguese prison in order to establish the seroprevalence for viral hepatitis (hav, hbv, hcv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), syphilis and herpes simplex virus (hsv-1 and hsv-2) and to analyze some psychosocial and criminal characteristics. mean age was 34 years. anti-hav was positive in 69.5% (n = 105) and in 34.4% (n = 52) for anti-hcv. one (0.7%) person had hbsag and 29 (19.2%) had laboratory markers ... | 2011 | 21670930 |
| topical cream-based oxyresveratrol in the treatment of cutaneous hsv-1 infection in mice. | anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) activities of oxyresveratrol in vitro and topical administration in cutaneous hsv-1 infection in mice were examined. the inhibitory concentrations for 50% plaque formation (ic(50)) of oxyresveratrol against hsv-1 clinical isolates and hsv-2 clinical isolates were 20.9-29.5 and 22.2-27.5 ╬╝g/ml, respectively. in topical administration in cutaneous hsv-1 infection in mice, 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20% oxyresveratrol in cream vehicle applied three times daily for 7 days aft ... | 2011 | 21669230 |
| meta-analysis of randomized trials on the association of prophylactic acyclovir and hiv-1 viral load in individuals coinfected with herpes simplex virus-2. | to summarize the randomized evidence regarding the association between acyclovir use and hiv-1 replication as measured by plasma hiv-1 rna viral load among individuals coinfected with herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2. | 2011 | 21666542 |
| microarray profiling analysis uncovers common molecular mechanisms of rubella virus, human cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in ecv304 cells. | to study the common molecular mechanisms of various viruses infections that might result in congential cardiovascular diseases in perinatal period, changes in mrna expression levels of ecv304 cells infected by rubella virus (rubv), human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) were analyzed using a microarray system representing 18,716 human genes. 99 genes were found to exhibit differential expression (80 up-regulated and 19 down-regulated). biological process analysis s ... | 2011 | 21663589 |
| prevalence and risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in east croatia. | the aim of the study was to establish the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) among sexually active adults from east croatia and to evaluate its correlates with demographic and behavioural risk factors. this cross-sectional study was conducted from the 1st june until the 30th september 2005 at the department of transfusion medicine, osijek university hospital center. the study included 423 blood donors composed of 366 (86.5%) men and 57 (13.5%) women. demographic data and data ... | 2011 | 21661348 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among female sex workers in shanghai, china. | a study with two cross-sectional surveys in two consecutive years was conducted in shanghai, china to examine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), syphilis and hiv among female sex workers (fsw). a total of 793 fsw participated in the survey, 382 in 2008 only, 382 in 2009 only, and 29 in both 2008 and 2009. the majority of them were less than 30 years and two-thirds were married. all were migrants and a half was from rural areas. some of them have stayed in shanghai and eng ... | 2011 | 21660749 |
| synthesis of enantiomerically pure d- and l-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenyl carbanucleosides and their antiviral evaluation. | based upon the fact that l-nucleosides have been generally known to be less cytotoxic than d-counterparts, l-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenyl carbanucleoside derivatives with a fixed north conformation were designed and synthesized by employing a novel synthetic strategy starting from (r)-epichlorohydrin in order to search for new anti-hiv agents with high potency and less cytotoxicity. a tandem alkylation, ╬│-lactonization, a chemoselective reduction of ester in the presence of ╬│-lactone functional group ... | 2011 | 21658957 |
| characterization of herpes simplex virus clinical isolate y3369 as a glycoprotein g variant and its bearing on virus typing. | herpes simplex viruses exist as two major serotypes, type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2). determination of type, either hsv-1 or hsv-2, is important in accurate diagnosis and clinical control of transmission. several tests are available for typing hsv, including a monoclonal antibody specific for glycoprotein g and several pcr assays. | 2011 | 21658271 |
| determinants of differential hiv incidence among women in three southern african locations. | introduction:: we explored factors associated with differential hiv incidence among women participating in a hiv prevention trial in harare, durban, and johannesburg. the trial had shown no effect of the intervention (diaphragm and lubricant gel) on hiv incidence. methods:: a prospective cohort analysis was conducted of trial participants followed for 12-24 months. sociodemographic, biological, and behavioral data were collected at baseline and at quarterly visits. factors associated with hiv in ... | 2011 | 21654502 |
| comparison of a conventional polymerase chain reaction with real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of neurotropic viruses in cerebrospinal fluid samples. | to compare a conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and real-time pcr for the detection of neurotropic dna viruses. | 2011 | 21654102 |
| patterns of herpes simplex virus shedding over 1 month and the impact of acyclovir and hiv in hsv-2-seropositive women in tanzania. | few studies have examined the frequency and duration of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) shedding in sub-saharan africa. this study describes hsv shedding patterns among a sample of hsv-2-seropositive women enrolled in a placebo-controlled trial of hsv suppressive therapy (acyclovir 400 mg twice a day) in tanzania. | 2011 | 21653932 |
| herpes simplex encephalitis in patients with cancer. | case reports and animal models suggest that chemotherapy, corticosteroids and radiotherapy (rt) may increase the risk of herpes simplex encephalitis (hse). we retrospectively examined cases of hse at an academic hospital devoted to cancer care. patients were identified by positive herpes simplex virus (hsv) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) or by brain pathology. there were seven patients with hse over a 12 year period, four of whom had received cranial rt. during this ... | 2011 | 21637964 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2, genital ulcers and hiv-1 disease progression in postpartum women. | co-infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) has been associated with increased hiv-1 rna levels and immune activation, two predictors of hiv-1 progression. the impact of hsv-2 on clinical outcomes among hiv-1 infected pregnant women is unclear. | 2011 | 21637835 |
| the role of co-infections in hiv epidemic trajectory and positive prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | objectives:: recurrent or persistent co-infections may increase hiv viral load (vl) and, consequently, risk of hiv transmission, thus increasing hiv incidence. we evaluated the association between malaria, hsv-2 and tb co-infections and their treatment on hiv vl. design:: systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of malaria, hsv-2 and tuberculosis co-infections and their treatment on hiv vl. methods:: punmed and embase databases were searched to february 10 2010 for studies in adult ... | 2011 | 21633287 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 virion host shutoff protein suppresses innate dsrna anti-viral pathways in human vaginal epithelial cells. | viruses that establish persistent infections have evolved numerous strategies to evade host innate antiviral responses. we functionally assessed the role of hsv-2 virion host shutoff (vhs) protein on innate immune sensing pathways in human vaginal epithelial (vk2) cells. infection of cells with wt hsv-2 significantly decreased expression of tlr2, tlr3, rig-i and mda-5 relative to cells infected with a mutant that lacks vhs (vhsb) or mock. transfection with hsv-2 vhs similarly decreased expressio ... | 2011 | 21632561 |
| seroprevalence, predictors and estimated incidence of maternal and neonatal herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in semi-urban women in kilifi, kenya. | abstract: background: herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) has public health importance as a leading cause of genital ulcers, a co-factor in hiv-1 acquisition and transmission and as a cause of neonatal herpes infections. little is known of its epidemiology and burden in coastal kenya. methods: we screened plasma samples for hsv-2 infection from 826 women aged 15-34 years who participated in an hiv-1 survey in kilifi in 2004. the sample comprised 563 women selected randomly from a demographic sur ... | 2011 | 21627803 |
| notoginsenoside st-4 inhibits virus penetration of herpes simplex virus in vitro. | further study on steam-treated notoginseng, the roots of panax notoginseng (burk.) f.h. chen (araliaceae), which is a famous traditional chinese medicine that is used both in raw and treated forms for a long time, led to the isolation of a new dammarane-type saponin, namely notoginsenoside st-4. its structure was elucidated to be 3β,12β,20(s)-tri-hydroxydammar-24-ene-3-o-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glu-copyranoside, based on the detailed analyses of the 1d and 2d nmr ... | 2011 | 21623512 |
| antiviral activity of lactobacillus brevis towards herpes simplex virus type 2: role of cell wall associated components. | the aim of this research was to study the mechanisms of lactobacillus brevis antiviral activity towards hsv-2 and to identify the bacterial components responsible for the inhibiting effect. bacterial extract and cell walls were prepared by lysozyme digestion of l. brevis cells untreated or treated with licl to remove s-layer proteins. bacterial extract and cell wall fragments showed a dose dependent inhibitory effect on hsv-2 multiplication. in order to characterize the inhibitory activity of l. ... | 2011 | 21621625 |
| hsv serologic testing for pregnant women: willingness to be tested and factors affecting testing. | objective. this prospective study was undertaken to evaluate pregnant women's willingness to undergo hsv type-specific serologic testing and factors affecting willingness in an obstetrics/gynecology ambulatory unit. methods. at prenatal visit 1, pregnant women (n = 303) with no history of hsv-2 were tested for hsv-1/hsv-2 before and after they received counseling on genital and neonatal herpes. results. in both the unwilling subgroup and the group that changed from being willing to being unwilli ... | 2011 | 21603233 |
| prevalence and risk factors for herpes simplex infection among patients at high risk for hiv infection in brazil. | background herpes simplex infection is responsible for substantial morbidity in patients with hiv infection. data from less-developed countries analyzing risk factors within this population are largely unavailable. aims investigate the incidence and seroprevalence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 infection in populations at high and low risk for hiv infection. materials and methods a prospective cohort study was performed in a population at high risk for stds composed of 170 hiv seronegative male homosexua ... | 2011 | 21595666 |
| association of low-risk human papillomavirus infection with male circumcision in young men: results from a longitudinal study conducted in orange farm (south africa). | background. low-risk human papillomavirus (lr-hpv) genotypes 6 and 11 cause genital warts. this study investigated the association of lr-hpv infection with male circumcision (mc). methods. we used data from the south african mc trial conducted among young men. urethral swabs, collected among intervention (circumcised) and control (uncircumcised) groups, were analyzed using hpv linear array. adjusted lr-hpv prevalence rate ratio (appr) and poisson mean ratio (apmr) of number of lr-hpv genotypes w ... | 2011 | 21584275 |
| inhibition of hiv transmission in human cervicovaginal explants and humanized mice using cd4 aptamer-sirna chimeras. | the continued spread of the hiv epidemic underscores the need to interrupt transmission. one attractive strategy is a topical vaginal microbicide. sexual transmission of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in mice can be inhibited by intravaginal sirna application. to overcome the challenges of knocking down gene expression in immune cells susceptible to hiv infection, we used chimeric rnas composed of an aptamer fused to an sirna for targeted gene knockdown in cells bearing an aptamer-binding r ... | 2011 | 21576818 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection by peptide-derivatized dendrimers. | in response to the need for new antiviral agents, dendrimer-based molecules have been recognized as having a large number of potential therapeutic applications. they include peptide derivatized-dendrimers: hyperbranched synthetic well-defined molecules which consist of a peptidyl branching core and covalently attached surface functional peptides. however, few studies have addressed their applications as direct-acting antiviral agents. here, we report on the ability of the peptide dendrimer sb105 ... | 2011 | 21576438 |
| design and evaluation of a multi-epitope assembly peptide (meap) against herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in balb/c mice. | abstract: background: human herpes simplex virus (hsv) 1 and 2 causes oral, ocular, or genital infections, which remains a significant health problem worldwide. hsv-1 and -2 infections in humans range from localized skin infections of the oral, ocular, and genital regions to severe and often disseminated infections in immunocompromised hosts. epitope based vaccination is a promising mean to achieve protective immunity and to avoid infections with human herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). method ... | 2011 | 21575169 |
| hsv neutralization by the microbicidal candidate c5a. | genital herpes is a major risk factor in acquiring human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) infection and is caused by both herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2. the amphipathic peptide c5a, derived from the non-structural hepatitis c virus (hcv) protein 5a, was shown to prevent hiv-1 infection but neither influenza nor vesicular stomatitis virus infections. here we investigated the antiviral function of c5a on hsv infections. c5a efficiently inhibited both hsv-1 and hsv-2 infection ... | 2011 | 21573158 |
| quantitative and qualitative correlates of cervicovaginal herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding among hiv-infected women in the women's interagency hiv study. | we identified demographic, clinical and biological determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) shedding among hiv-infected participants in the women's hiv interagency study (wihs). cervicovaginal lavage (cvl) specimens from 369 hiv-infected hsv seropositive women were tested with taqman polymerase chain reaction (prc) for detection hsv-2 dna. seven percent of women tested positive for hsv-2 dna in cvl. significant correlates of the presence of hsv-2 dna in cvl were being younger, african ... | 2011 | 21571975 |
| safety and efficacy of the hvtn 503/phambili study of a clade-b-based hiv-1 vaccine in south africa: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled test-of-concept phase 2b study. | background: the mrkad5 hiv-1 gag/pol/nef subtype b vaccine was designed to elicit t-cell-mediated immune responses capable of providing complete or partial protection from hiv-1 infection or a decrease in viral load after acquisition. we aim to assess the safety and efficacy of the vaccine in south africa, where the major circulating clade is subtype c. methods: we did a phase 2b double-blind, randomised test-of-concept study in sexually active hiv-1 seronegative participants at five sites in so ... | 2011 | 21570355 |
| associations between herpes simplex virus type 2 and hcv with hiv among injecting drug users in new york city. | objectives. we examined relationships between herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), a biomarker for sexual risk, and hcv, a biomarker for injecting risk, with hiv among injecting drug users (idus) who began injecting after large-scale expansion of syringe exchange programs in new york city. methods. we recruited 337 heroin and cocaine users who began injecting in 1995 or later from persons entering drug detoxification. we administered a structured interview covering drug use and hiv risk behavior ... | 2011 | 21566021 |