| human papillomaviruses, herpes simplex viruses, and the risk of oral cancer in men. | a population-based case-control study was conducted in western washington state to examine the relations between infection with human papilloma viruses (hpv), herpes simplex viruses (hsv), and risk of oral squamous cell cancer in men. interviews were completed on 131 oral cancer cases diagnosed between january 1985 and december 1989 and 136 controls frequency matched to cases on age and date of diagnosis who were obtained by random digit dialing. the risk for oral cancer among men with 30 or mor ... | 1992 | 1321561 |
| rose bengal inhibits herpes simplex virus replication in vero and human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. | rose bengal dye is thought to highlight corneal lesions induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) by virtue of its binding to dead or dying hsv-1-infected epithelial cells. however, whether rose bengal binds specifically to damaged versus normal corneal epithelial cells is unclear. to determine the binding properties of rose bengal, the authors compared binding of the dye to hsv-1-infected and uninfected cells, determined the cellular binding sites of the dye, and investigated the effects o ... | 1992 | 1321799 |
| glycoprotein 60 of equine herpesvirus type 1 is a homologue of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d and plays a major role in penetration of cells. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) glycoprotein 60 (gp60) and gp 17/18 (f3132 and 5h6 respectively) were found to react with the same protein, which was identified as a homologue of herpes simplex virus type 1 gd. mab f3132 strongly neutralized virus infectivity and inhibited the penetration of the virus into the cell. the effects on penetration were shared with three other mabs against this protein (p68, f3116 and f3129), but no effect on virus penetrati ... | 1992 | 1321875 |
| peripheral replication and latency reactivation kinetics of the non-neurovirulent herpes simplex virus type 1 variant 1716. | the terminal portion of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) genome long repeat region has been shown to contain a neurovirulence gene. both hsv-1 and hsv-2 mutants deleted in this gene fail to cause central nervous system (cns) disease in mice. the hsv-1 strain 17 variant 1716, which has a 759 bp deletion encompassing the gene, grows normally in tissue culture but fails to grow following intracerebral inoculation of mice. this paper demonstrates that 1716 is capable of peripheral replication in the f ... | 1992 | 1321881 |
| status of the icp34.5 gene in herpes simplex virus type 1 strain 17. | in the published dna sequence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain 17 the coding region for the neurovirulence factor icp34.5 is disrupted by a 2 bp insertion relative to the corresponding sequence in hsv-1 strain f; this difference would render 60% of the icp34.5 coding sequence out of frame in strain 17. re-investigation of the strain 17 sequence showed that the plasmid clone used as the major sequencing substrate for the region was atypical in that other clones did not possess the 2 ... | 1992 | 1321882 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of mouse astrocytes treated with basic fibroblast growth factor. | we explored a possible role for the basic fibroblast growth factor (fgf) receptor during herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection of primary mouse astrocytes, glial cells of the central nervous system known to express fgf receptors. plaque reduction experiments showed that treatment of astrocyte monolayers with human recombinant basic fgf failed to inhibit hsv-1 infectivity, although treatment with either heparin or poly-l-lysine reduced it by approximately 100%. identical results were obta ... | 1992 | 1321218 |
| comparative evaluation of four commercially available monoclonal antibodies for culture confirmation of herpes simplex virus infection. | four fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled monoclonal antibody typing reagents were compared for intensity of fluorescence and sensitivity in confirming herpes simplex virus (hsv) in cell culture. a total of 125 (50 hsv type 1 [hsv-1] and 75 hsv-2) specimens positive for hsv were concurrently stained with type-specific monoclonal antibodies from bartels (bartels immunodiagnostic supplies, inc., bellevue, wash.), kallestad (pathfinder; kallestad diagnostics, chaska, minn.), diagnostic products corp ... | 1992 | 1321170 |
| identification of homologues to the human cytomegalovirus us22 gene family in human herpesvirus 6. | the sequence of 10079 bp corresponding to the overlapping sali h and smai g restriction fragments of the genome of human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) strain u1102 was determined. the sequence contains six complete open reading frames (orfs) and two incomplete orfs located at the 5' and 3' ends of the sali h and smai g fragments respectively. seven of these orfs have recognizable homologues only in the beta-herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), no obvious counterparts being detectable in the genomes ... | 1992 | 1321206 |
| hsv-1-inducible proteins bind to nf-kappa b-like sites in the hsv-1 genome. | several putative nf-kappa b-binding sites in the icp0 and vmw65 herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) genes have been identified. oligonucleotides encoding some of these sites bind specifically to purified nf-kappa b protein and an nf-kappa b-like protein in nuclear extracts of phorbol ester- or cycloheximide-induced human embryonic lung (hel) cells. hsv-1 infection of hel cells induced a nuclear factor that binds specifically to kappa b sites in the icp0 and vmw65 gene regions and comigrates with ... | 1992 | 1322599 |
| herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) type-specific antibody correlates of protection in infants exposed to hsv-2 at birth. | western blot analysis was used to compare the herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 antibody profiles of 40 infants less than 2 wk of age who had been exposed to maternal genital hsv-2 at birth. 4 mothers were hsv seronegative at delivery and seroconverted to hsv-2 ("primary infection"), 9 had hsv-1 antibodies and seroconverted to hsv-2 ("nonprimary first episode infection"), and 27 were hsv-2 seropositive ("recurrent infection"). neonatal herpes infections developed in 1 of 4 infants of women with prima ... | 1992 | 1322941 |
| a novel herpes simplex virus gene (ul49a) encodes a putative membrane protein with counterparts in other herpesviruses. | comparative analysis of dna sequences located between the coding regions of genes ul49 and ul50 of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and -2) has revealed a small open reading frame (orf) of 91 and 87 codons respectively with the characteristics of a genuine protein-coding region. the predicted protein products are clearly related and exhibit features of membrane-inserted proteins, with potential n-proximal signal peptides and c-proximal membrane anchor regions. counterparts are present i ... | 1992 | 1322965 |
| calcium chelation induces a conformational change in recombinant herpes simplex virus-1-expressed rotavirus vp7. | rotavirus, strain sa11, glycoprotein vp7 that was expressed by a recombinant herpes simplex virus-1 or contained in purified rotavirus particles lost reactivity with the neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) 159, but not with nonneutralizing mabs, upon chelation of calcium by egta. exposing vp7, but not the neutralizing mabs, to a transient excess of egta over calcium eliminated vp7 neutralizing epitopes. therefore, a calcium chelation-induced conformational change in vp7, not in the neutralizi ... | 1992 | 1322608 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationships of n2-phenylguanines as inhibitors of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinases. | quantitative structure-activity relationships of the hansch-type were developed to account for inhibition of thymidine kinases from herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (hsv1,2) by n2-phenylguanines. derivatives with meta and/or para substituents on the phenyl ring display a wide range of overlapping, but not identical, potencies as inhibitors of the enzymes. ic50 values for 36 (hsv1) and 35 inhibitors (hsv2) were used to develop equations using hydrophobic (pi), electronic (sigma, r), and group ... | 1992 | 1323680 |
| side-chain derivatives of biologically active nucleosides. 1. side-chain analogs of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt). | starting from 3-o-mesyl-1,2-o-isopropylidene-alpha-d-allofuranose (9) the anomeric mixtures of the requisite carbohydrates 1,2-di-o-acetyl-6-o-benzoyl-5-deoxy-3-o-mesyl-d-allofuranoses++ + 17a alpha/beta, 1,2-di-o-acetyl-5,6-di-o-benzoyl-3-o-mesyl-d-allofuranoses 17b alpha/beta, and 1,2-di-o-acetyl-5,6-di-o-benzoyl-3-o-mesyl-l-talofuranoses 17c alpha/beta were synthesized. 1,2-di-o-acetyl-5-o-benzoyl-6-deoxy-3-o-mesyl-d-allofuranoses++ + 17d alpha/beta and the corresponding l-talofuranoses 17e a ... | 1992 | 1323681 |
| herpesviruses encode an unusual protein-serine/threonine kinase which is nonessential for growth in cultured cells. | we have performed large-scale random oligonucleotide insertion mutagenesis on a 41-kbp genomic segment derived from the unique long (ul) region of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (prv). this procedure has resulted in the generation of a series of prv strains, each carrying a single gene whose termination of translation is induced by the inserted oligonucleotide. to relate the genes that were involved in the mutagenization to genes previously identified in herpes simplex virus type 1, the ... | 1992 | 1323689 |
| identification and transcriptional analyses of the ul3 and ul4 genes of equine herpesvirus 1, homologs of the icp27 and glycoprotein k genes of herpes simplex virus. | the dna sequence of 3,240 nucleotides of the xbai g fragment located in the unique long (ul) region of the equine herpesvirus 1 genome revealed two major open reading frames (orfs) designated ul3 and ul4. the ul3 orf of 470 amino acids (aa) maps at nucleotides (nt) 4450 to 3038 from the long terminus, and its predicted 51.4-kda protein product exhibits significant homology to the icp27 alpha regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1; 32% identity) and to the orf4 protein of varice ... | 1992 | 1323700 |
| substitution of a tata box from a herpes simplex virus late gene in the viral thymidine kinase promoter alters icp4 inducibility but not temporal expression. | the role of cis-acting promoter elements associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) early and late genes was evaluated during productive infection with regard to activation of gene expression by the hsv-1 transactivator icp4 and control of temporal regulation. a set of recombinant viruses was constructed such that expression of an hsv-1 early gene, thymidine kinase (tk), was placed under the control of either the tk tata box or the tata box from the late gene, glycoprotein c (gc), in th ... | 1992 | 1323706 |
| a cell-free recombination system for site-specific integration of multigenic shuttle plasmids into the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome. | this report describes a novel method for complementation studies of defective herpes simplex virus (hsv) genes. viral test gene and nonviral reporter gene cassettes were rapidly integrated into the hsv genome in a site-specific and reversible manner by using the p1 phage-based cre-lox recombination system. shuttle plasmids contained a functional loxp recombination site, an expressible form of the bacterial lacz gene, and a copy of the wild-type glycoprotein b (gb) gene or double mutant gb allele ... | 1992 | 1323709 |
| identification of an african swine fever virus gene with similarity to a myeloid differentiation primary response gene and a neurovirulence-associated gene of herpes simplex virus. | here we describe an open reading frame (lmw23-nl) in the african swine fever virus genome that possesses striking similarity to a murine myeloid differentiation primary response gene (myd116) and the neurovirulence-associated gene (icp34.5) of herpes simplex virus. in all three proteins, a centrally located acidic region precedes a highly conserved, hydrophilic 56-amino-acid domain located at the carboxy terminus. lmw23-nl predicts a highly basic protein of 184 amino acids with an estimated mole ... | 1992 | 1323711 |
| multimerization of icp0, a herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein. | icp0, a herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene product, is a highly phosphorylated nuclear protein that is a potent activator of virus and host genes. using biochemical and genetic assays employing plasmids encoding mutant forms of icp0 and a recombinant adenovirus that expresses icp0, we mutant forms of icp0 and a recombinant adenovirus that expresses icp0, we provide evidence that the protein multimerizes. some mutant forms of icp0 were transdominant and interfered with activation of a targ ... | 1992 | 1323713 |
| identification and characterization of a novel herpes simplex virus glycoprotein, gk, involved in cell fusion. | antipeptide sera were used to identify a novel glycoprotein encoded by the ul53 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the ul53 gene product is thought to play a central role in regulating membrane fusion because mutations giving rise to the syncytial phenotype, wherein cells are extensively fused, frequently map to this gene. a single 40-kda protein, designated gk (the ninth hsv-1 glycoprotein to be described), was detected with antipeptide sera in cells infected with both wild-type and s ... | 1992 | 1323714 |
| the cdna of ul15, a highly conserved herpes simplex virus 1 gene, effectively replaces the two exons of the wild-type virus. | the ul15 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) is encoded by two or more exons in all herpesvirus genomes sequenced to date. the ul15 coding region is highly conserved, and the intron invariably encodes other genes transcribed antisense to the ul15 coding region. previously we reported that we deleted the intron domain encoding ul16 but were unable to delete ul15 (j. d. baines and b. roizman, j. virol. 65:938-944, 1991). here we report that we replaced exon i of ul15 with an unspliced cdna copy ... | 1992 | 1323715 |
| the ul13 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 encodes the functions for posttranslational processing associated with phosphorylation of the regulatory protein alpha 22. | the herpes simplex virus 1 genome was shown to encode two genes, us3 and ul13, exhibiting amino acid sequence motifs common to protein kinases. elsewhere this laboratory reported that the prominent substrate of the us3 protein kinase is the product of the ul34 gene, an essential nonglycosylated membrane protein. in the absence of the us3 kinase, the ul34 protein remains unphosphorylated but forms a complex with four proteins that become phosphorylated uniquely when ul34 is not. to investigate th ... | 1992 | 1323829 |
| latent herpes simplex virus type 1 in human geniculate ganglia. | viral infection, especially by reactivation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) has been considered to be a possible explanation for the pathogenesis of idiopathic peripheral facial nerve palsy (bell's palsy). we investigated whether the geniculate ganglia of man contain latent hsv type 1 (hsv-1), and compared the frequency of hsv-infected ganglia and that of latently infected neurons in human geniculate ganglia and in trigeminal ganglia. from autopsy specimens of eight adults 15 geniculate ganglia an ... | 1992 | 1323906 |
| regulation of herpes simplex virus type 1 gene expression. | | 1992 | 1323448 |
| yucca leaf protein (ylp) stops the protein synthesis in hsv-infected cells and inhibits virus replication. | yucca leaf protein (ylp), an inhibitor of tobacco mosaic virus isolated from the leaves of yucca recurvifolia salisb., exhibited potent activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) with no cytotoxicity below 300 micrograms/ml. the inhibitory dose was varied with the time of addition; 50% effective concentrations (ed50) of ylp were 3, 19 and 95 micrograms/ml when ylp exposure was begun 3 h before virus infection, 0 h and 3 h after infection, respectively. this protein also inhibited the m ... | 1992 | 1322646 |
| antiviral effects of herpes simplex virus specific anti-sense nucleic acids. | we have targeted mrna sequences encompassing the translation initiation codon of the essential herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ie3 gene with three kinds of anti-sense molecule. addition of a 15mer oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonate to tissue culture cells resulted in suppression of viral replication. hsv-1 replication was also inhibited in cultured cells containing anti-sense vectors expressing transcripts complementary to the ie3 mrna. we have also constructed a ribozyme which upon ... | 1992 | 1325101 |
| isolation of a cell line for rapid and sensitive histochemical assay for the detection of herpes simplex virus. | a cell line which can be used in a simple, sensitive, and rapid histochemical assay was isolated for detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv). the cell line was derived by selection of g418 resistant colonies following co-transfection of baby hamster kidney cells with a plasmid which contains a g418 antibiotic resistance marker and a plasmid which contains the escherichia coli lacz gene placed behind an inducible hsv promoter. the promoter is from hsv-1ul39 which encodes icp6, the large subunit o ... | 1992 | 1325470 |
| inactivation of herpes viruses by high hydrostatic pressure. | the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) were examined. pressure at more than 300 mpa for 10 min at 25 degrees c inactivated these virions and drastically inhibited their infection to cultured cells, and at greater than 400 mpa, reduced infective titers of hsv-1 and hcmv by more than 7 and 4 logs, respectively. electron microscopic examination illustrated coincidentally that high pressure at 300 mpa damaged the virus envelop ... | 1992 | 1325473 |
| the weakly virulent herpes simplex virus type 1 strain kos-63 establishes peripheral and central nervous system latency following intranasal infection of rabbits, but poorly reactivates in vivo. | the virological, clinical and electrophysiological manifestations of acute and experimentally reactivated infections of the rabbit central nervous system (cns) and trigeminal ganglia have been studied after intranasal infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (strain kos-63). all animals shed virus in nasal secretions during the acute phase of infection. although no rabbits developed clinical signs during the acute phase of infection, mild electroencephalographic (eeg) abnormalities consistent ... | 1992 | 1325537 |
| genetic relationships between bovine herpesvirus 4 and the gammaherpesviruses epstein-barr virus and herpesvirus saimiri. | the overall arrangement of genes in the unique central part of the bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) genome has been deduced by analysis of short dna sequences. twenty-three genes conserved in at least one of the completely sequenced herpesviruses have been identified and localized. all of these genes encoded amino acid sequences with higher similarity to proteins of the gammaherpesviruses epstein-barr virus (ebv) and herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) than to the homologous products of the alphaherpesvi ... | 1992 | 1325698 |
| noninfectious l-particles supply functions which can facilitate infection by hsv-1. | the tegument of herpes simplex virus contains proteins important for the efficient initiation of infection. l-particles are noninfectious virion-related particles that lack the nucleocapsid but do contain tegument and envelope. their ability to deliver functional proteins into cells was compared to that of virions by testing the biological activities of two tegument proteins which are present in both types of particle. results indicated that l-particles are as efficient as virions in supplying t ... | 1992 | 1325700 |
| genetic analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul9 gene: isolation of a lacz insertion mutant and expression in eukaryotic cells. | hsv-1 host range mutants in complementation group 1-36 (hr27 and hr156) whose mutations map in the ul9 gene, encoding the origin binding protein, are unable to form plaques or synthesize viral dna or late viral proteins when grown in nonpermissive vero cells (carmichael, e. p., kosovsky, m. j., weller, s. k., 1988, j. virol. 62, 91-99). these defects are complemented efficiently by growth in the permissive cell line, s22, which contains the wild type version of several hsv genes including ul9. i ... | 1992 | 1325702 |
| carbohydrates in herpesvirus infections. | carbohydrate structures constitute important factors in the pathogenesis of herpesvirus infections for three reasons: (i) human herpesviruses specify several biologically active glycoproteins, where co-translational addition of carbohydrate units is essential for generation of functioning viral glycoproteins. (ii) cellular carbohydrate structures are parts of the cellular receptor complex at least for some herpes-viruses. (iii) peripheral carbohydrate structures are engaged in modulation of the ... | 1992 | 1325817 |
| [reversibility of iudr resistance to sensitivity to an hsv1 strain in experimental keratitis in rabbits]. | during 7 serial passages of herpes simplex virus (hsv1) in rabbit cornea treated with idoxuridine (iudr) (p1 to p7), the emergence of resistance had been obtained from p3. the reversion towards iudr sensitivity has been investigated from either viral population p3 or p6 by 6 serial passages in rabbit cornea treated by vaseline (v1 to v6). from viral population p3, the reversion to iudr sensitivity has been obtained at v4. in contrast, from viral population p6, the iudr resistance was conserved f ... | 1992 | 1325862 |
| presence of langerhans cells in the central cornea linked to the development of ocular herpes in mice. | recurrences of herpetic stromal keratitis are believed to be initiated by reactivation of herpes simplex virus infection, probably in the trigeminal ganglion. genetic features of the virus and the host as well as the immune status of the host influence the outcome of infection. following infection on the snout with hsv-1, mice with normal corneas usually develop mild anterior segment disease. we studied the induction of herpetic infection in mice that had abnormal corneas, containing center due ... | 1992 | 1325920 |
| experimental in vivo generation of intertypic recombinant strains of hsv in the mouse. | the primary replication of one strain of hsv was generally unaffected by the simultaneous inoculation of another strain either at the same site or at a different site within the same dermatome. exceptions to this were the result of the generation of intertypic recombinants which were readily isolated only from sensory ganglia 5 and 6 days after inoculation with a mixture of hsv-1 and hsv-2 and from explant culture of the resultant latently infected ganglia. by restriction enzyme analysis the maj ... | 1992 | 1322653 |
| structural elements required for the cooperative binding of the herpes simplex virus origin binding protein to oris reside in the n-terminal part of the protein. | the origin binding protein (obp) of herpes simplex virus type 1 is required to activate a viral origin of replication in vivo. we have used intact obp as well as a truncated form of the protein expressed in escherichia coli to investigate the protein-protein interactions, as well as the protein-dna interactions involved in the formation of a nucleoprotein complex at a viral origin of replication (oris) in vitro. the salient findings demonstrate that the n-terminal part of obp is required for the ... | 1992 | 1324937 |
| analysis of the gb promoter of herpes simplex virus type 1: high-level expression requires both an 89-base-pair promoter fragment and a nontranslated leader sequence. | to investigate the cis-acting sequences involved in regulation of a herpes simplex virus gamma 1 gene, deletion analyses of the glycoprotein b (gb) gene promoter were performed. in transfection assays with gb-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase plasmids, high-level constitutive expression from the gb promoter was found with an 89-bp sequence (-69 to +20). additional sequences in the 5'-transcribed noncoding leader region (+20 to +136) were required for full stimulation by herpes simplex virus infe ... | 1992 | 1326669 |
| prevalence and correlates of herpes simplex infections. the population-based aids in multiethnic neighborhoods study. | to examine the extent and correlates of infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) in an inner-city community, we studied the prevalence of antibodies to these viruses and their association with risk behaviors in a representative sample of unmarried white, black, and hispanic adults living in san francisco, calif. | 1992 | 1326673 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antigens in platelets from a hemophilia b patient with human immunodeficiency virus type 1-related thrombocytopenia. | we analyzed platelet-associated antigens from a hemophilia b patient with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-related thrombocytopenia. two bands appeared at 31,000 and 37,000 daltons in the platelet lysate after reaction with autologous serum in sds-page and western blots. the band at 37,000 daltons was obtained using anti-herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) rabbit antiserum. doublet bands at 36,000 and 37,000 daltons also appeared after reaction with hsv-1 seropositive human serum. the band ... | 1992 | 1324748 |
| detection of il-1 beta, tnf-alpha, and il-6 gene transcription by the polymerase chain reaction in keratinocytes, langerhans cells and peritoneal exudate cells during infection with herpes simplex virus-1. | interleukin-1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 are considered to be major mediators of inflammatory processes. in the present study, cytokine gene transcription was detected by the polymerase chain reaction technique during cutaneous and intraperitoneal infection with herpes simplex virus-1. epidermal cell suspensions obtained from mice infected with herpes simplex virus-1 in the ear pinna were enriched or depleted in langerhans cells by immunomagnetic fractionation. herpes simple ... | 1992 | 1326263 |
| localization of cis-acting sequences in the latency-related promoter of bovine herpesvirus 1 which are regulated by neuronal cell type factors and immediate-early genes. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglionic neurons of cattle. during a latent infection, a single latency-related (lr) transcript is expressed. this observation suggested that dna sequences in the lr promoter are positively regulated by neural cell type factors. the regulation of the lr gene was examined in neural cells as well as nonneural cells in transient assays. a 258-bp xbai-sphi fragment from the lr promoter cis activated the herpes simplex virus typ ... | 1992 | 1326660 |
| the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) homolog of herpes simplex virus type 1 us9 and the nature of a major deletion within the unique short segment of the ehv-1 kya strain genome. | the dna sequence of the short (s) genomic component of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1)kya strain has been determined recently in our laboratory. analysis of a 1353-bp bamhi/pvuii clone mapping at the unique short/terminal inverted repeat (us/tr) junction revealed 507 bp of us and 846 bp of tr sequences as well as an open reading frame (orf) that is contained entirely within the us. this orf encodes a potential polypeptide of 219 amino acids that shows significant homology to the us9 protei ... | 1992 | 1326805 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early polypeptide icp4 is required for expression of globin genes located in the viral genome. | we infected vero cells with icp4-deficient herpes simplex virus recombinants bearing the rabbit beta-globin and human alpha 2-globin genes under the control of their own promoters and found that globin gene expression occurred only when icp4 was provided in trans. these results demonstrate that icp4 is required for the activity of globin promoters located in the viral genome and support the hypothesis that these cellular promoters are functionally equivalent to hsv early regulatory regions. | 1992 | 1326818 |
| herpes simplex virus infections. | this review discusses current reports on herpes simplex virus infections as they relate to the use of laboratory testing, infections in the neonate, herpes simplex virus association with human immunodeficiency virus infection, and updating the current therapy and management of genital herpes. findings over the past year are important in the clinical management of patients with genital herpes. all health care workers who manage patients with genital herpes need to know the limitations of serologi ... | 1992 | 1327252 |
| comparative activity of various compounds against clinical strains of herpes simplex virus. | the following compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against clinical strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) in both primary rabbit kidney (prk) and hela cell cultures: (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (hpmpa), 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea), (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (hpmpc), (rs)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (hpmpdap), 5-(5-bromothien-2-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine (btdu), 5-( ... | 1992 | 1327785 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 gene ul13 encodes a phosphoprotein that is a component of the virion. | the ul13 open reading frame of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has been expressed in insect cells by a recombinant baculovirus and in escherichia coli. in the latter case, the ul13 gene was fused to the gene for glutathione s-transferase (gst) to allow high-level expression of an 80-kda gst-ul13 fusion protein. antibody raised against the fusion protein reacted specifically with the 55-kda ul13 gene product expressed by the recombinant baculovirus. this antibody also recognized a late phosph ... | 1992 | 1326802 |
| characterization of the large tegument protein (icp1/2) of herpes simplex virus type 1. | icp1/2 (also designated vp1/2) is a 270-kda structural protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) which is located in the tegument region of the virion. in this report we describe the production of a polyclonal antiserum specific for icp1/2 and the use of this antiserum to examine the synthesis, processing, and intracellular localization of the viral polypeptide. pulse-labeling studies indicated that icp1/2 is synthesized late during infection, being initially detectable between 8 and 9 hr p ... | 1992 | 1326803 |
| construction of a us3 lacz insertion mutant of herpes simplex virus type 2 and characterization of its phenotype in vitro and in vivo. | we have constructed and characterized a mutant of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) which was inserted a modified lacz gene, placed under the control of hsv-1 beta 8 promotor, into the us3 protein kinase gene. the mutant, l1br1, could not induce the virus-encoded protein kinase activity, but could replicate in vero cells as efficiently as the parental virus. when the biological properties of l1br1 were examined in mice by using four routes (footpad, intraperitoneal, corneal, and intracerebral) ... | 1992 | 1326804 |
| direct evidence for antibody bipolar bridging on herpes simplex virus-infected cells. | cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) express a cell-surface receptor able to bind the fc portion of immunoglobulin g (igg). in this study we provide direct evidence that bipolar bridging of antibodies, bound to the surface antigens on hsv-infected cells and to the fc-receptor through the fc part, offers the virus a survival advantage. evidence was obtained by comparing the binding of fitc-labelled protein a, which has a similar binding site on igg as the hsv-fcr, to cell-bound ... | 1992 | 1328043 |
| genomic variation among herpes simplex virus type 1 strains: virus dna analysis of isolates from saudi patients. | fifty-two clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) from saudi arabian patients were analysed by restriction endonuclease digestion of the virus dna using the enzymes hindiii and bamhi, followed by hybridization with 32p labelled dna of laboratory strain f. of the isolates, 17 were resolved into four distinct cleavage patterns with hindiii restriction enzyme. the remaining 35 strains had the same cleavage pattern as the standard hsv-1-f. further investigation of the 52 isolates wi ... | 1992 | 1328507 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 dna is present in specific regions of brain from aged people with and without senile dementia of the alzheimer type. | we have investigated the possible involvement of viruses, specifically herpes simplex virus type 1, in senile dementia of the alzheimer type (sdat). using the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction, we have detected the viral thymidine kinase gene in post-mortem brain from 14/21 cases of senile dementia of the alzheimer type and 9/15 elderly normals. the temporal cortex and hippocampus were usually virus-positive; in contrast, the occipital cortex was virus-negative in 9/9 sdat cases and 5/5 ... | 1992 | 1328575 |
| evidence for an alpha-herpesvirus indigenous to mountain gorillas. | sera from wild mountain gorillas were screened for antibodies reactive with primate alpha-herpesviruses. four of seven individuals tested (58%) were positive. in all four sera the highest titers were to hsv-2 followed by hsv-1 and sa8. immunoblot analysis confirmed a preferential reactivity with hsv-2 antigen. further analysis by competition elisa indicated that these gorillas had experienced infection with a virus antigenically similar but not identical to hsv-2. these results represent the fir ... | 1992 | 1328641 |
| herpes simplex virus-infected human fibroblasts are resistant to and inhibit cytotoxic t-lymphocyte activity. | we examined the ability of human anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) to lyse autologous human fibroblasts infected with hsv. in contrast to hsv-infected human epstein-barr virus-transformed b cells (lcl), which were lysed by hla-restricted anti-hsv ctl, autologous fibroblasts infected with hsv were resistant to lysis. this resistance was not due to a lack of infectivity or production of hsv proteins since greater than 90% of the cells were infected and expressed abundan ... | 1992 | 1328666 |
| surface lysine and tyrosine residues are required for interaction of the major herpes simplex virus type 1 dna-binding protein with single-stranded dna. | modification of the herpes simplex virus type 1 major dna-binding protein (icp8) with reagents and conditions specific for arginine, lysine, and tyrosine residues indicates that surface lysine and tyrosine residues are required for the interaction of this protein with single-stranded dna. modification of either of these two amino acids resulted in a loss and/or modification of binding activity as judged by nitrocellulose filter assays and gel shift. modification specific for arginine residues di ... | 1992 | 1328667 |
| differences in the poly(adp-ribosyl)ation patterns of icp4, the herpes simplex virus major regulatory protein, in infected cells and in isolated nuclei. | infected-cell protein 4 (icp4), the major regulatory protein in herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, was previously reported to accept 32p from [32p]nad in isolated nuclei. this modification was attributed to poly(adp-ribosyl)ation (c. m. preston and e. l. notarianni, virology 131:492-501, 1983). we determined that an antibody specific for poly(adp-ribose) reacts with icp4 extracted from infected cells, electrophoretically separated in denaturing gels, and electrically transferred to nitrocellulose. ... | 1992 | 1328673 |
| disulfide bond structure of glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | glycoprotein d (gd) is a structural component of the herpes simplex virus envelope which is essential for virus penetration. the function of this protein is highly dependent on its structure, and its structure is dependent on maintenance of three intact disulfide bonds. gd contains six cysteines in its ectodomain whose spacing is conserved among all its homologs in other alphaherpesviruses as well as marek's disease virus. for other proteins, conservation of cysteine spacing correlates with cons ... | 1992 | 1328685 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 dutpase mutants are attenuated for neurovirulence, neuroinvasiveness, and reactivation from latency. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encodes a dutpase which has been shown to be dispensable for normal viral replication in cultured cells (s. j. caradonna and y. cheng, j. biol. chem. 256:9834-9837, 1981; f. b. fisher and v. g. preston, virology 148:190-197, 1986). however, the importance of this enzyme in vivo has not been determined. in this report, hsv-1 strain 17 syn+ and two isogenic engineered dutpase-negative mutants were characterized in the mouse model. both mutants replicated with wi ... | 1992 | 1328686 |
| the conserved helicase motifs of the herpes simplex virus type 1 origin-binding protein ul9 are important for function. | the ul9 gene of herpes simplex virus encodes a protein that specifically recognizes sequences within the viral origins of replication and exhibits helicase and dna-dependent atpase activities. the specific dna binding domain of the ul9 protein was localized to the carboxy-terminal one-third of the molecule (h. m. weir, j. m. calder, and n. d. stow, nucleic acids res. 17:1409-1425, 1989). the n-terminal two-thirds of the ul9 gene contains six sequence motifs found in all members of a superfamily ... | 1992 | 1328687 |
| sequences of the bovine herpesvirus 1 homologue of herpes simplex virus type-1 alpha-trans-inducing factor (ul48). | a virion protein of herpes simplex virus type-1, called vmw65, alpha tif or vp16, interacts with cellular transcription factors to transactivate immediate early viral genes. we have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the homologous protein in bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). the amino acid sequence of the bhv-1 protein is similar to that of alpha tif, except in the c-terminal one-third of the protein. since the ability of alpha tif to activate transcription is depend ... | 1992 | 1327963 |
| glycoprotein h of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) forms a stable complex with the hcmv ul115 gene product. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul75 gene product is the homologue of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein h (gh), a virion glycoprotein that is essential for infectivity and which is conserved among members of the alpha-, beta- and gamma-herpesviruses. it has previously been shown that hsv-1 gh forms a stable complex with hsv-1 gl, the product of the ul1 gene, and the formation of this complex facilitates the cell surface expression of gh. none of the open reading frames within the ... | 1992 | 1328481 |
| identification of genes encoding two capsid proteins (vp24 and vp26) of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the capsid of herpes simplex virus type 1 is composed of seven proteins. vp5, vp19c, vp22a and vp23 have been shown previously to be the products of genes ul19, ul38, ul26.5 and ul18, respectively. the genes encoding vp21, vp24 and vp26 have not been identified to date. we have determined amino acid sequences of fragments of isolated capsid proteins generated by partial cleavage with cnbr. the results confirm the gene assignments for vp5, vp19c and vp23. they also show that vp26 is the product o ... | 1992 | 1328483 |
| novel animal model for evaluating topical efficacy of antiviral agents: flux versus efficacy correlations in the acyclovir treatment of cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infections in hairless mice. | this report describes the study of a novel animal model for the topical treatment of cutaneous herpes virus infections, with a focus upon the relationship between the dermal flux of the antiviral agent and the effectiveness of the topical therapy. a recently developed (trans)dermal delivery system (tds) for controlling acyclovir (acv) fluxes was employed in the treatment of cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infections in hairless mice. the tds's were fabricated with rate-controlling ... | 1992 | 1329068 |
| mucosal delivery of herpes simplex virus vaccine. | the mucosal route for the production of mucosal and systemic herpes simplex virus (hsv) antibodies was investigated using hsv1 subunit vaccine administered to guinea pigs. groups of test animals (n = 13) were dosed, nasally or vaginally and compared with those injected subcutaneously (s.c.). the vaccines, in aqueous or gel form, were administered 5 and 3 weeks prior to vaginal challenge with hsv2 suspension. control infected and non-infected animals were included for comparison. animals which we ... | 1992 | 1329168 |
| herpes virus infection of endothelium: new insights into atherosclerosis. | several pieces of evidence suggest that vascular endothelium may be a site of latent herpetic viral infection, and that activation of such infection might cause or aggravate atherosclerosis. the present studies which utilized hsv-1 infection of cultured endothelial monolayers, provide insights into two phenomena seemingly relevant in considerations of atherosclerosis. thus, mechanisms are reported by which infected endothelium may be damaged by marginated inflammatory cells, and be transformed f ... | 1992 | 1329303 |
| transcription of bamhi-a region of the ebv genome in npc tissues and b cells. | analysis by northern blotting and sequencing of cdna clones from a transcription library of a tumor biopsy from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) patient showed that the bamhi-a region of the epstein-barr virus genome is abundantly and regularly transcribed in tumor tissues from npc patients. the transcription occurred in a rightward direction terminating between coordinates 160,965 and 160,995, where two polyadenylation sites are located. rightward transcription of this region also occurred in b ... | 1992 | 1329317 |
| studies on endoplasmic reticulum--golgi complex cycling pathway in herpes simplex virus-infected and brefeldin a-treated human fibroblast cells. | brefeldin a (bfa), a fungal metabolite, significantly inhibited the release of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) from infected human fibroblast cells. electron micrographs of hsv-1-infected and bfa-treated human cells demonstrated the presence of enveloped particles trapped between outer and inner nuclear membranes. analyses of viral glycoproteins b, c, and d (gb, gc, and gd) showed faster migrating, immature forms in bfa-treated cells when compared to the mature glycoproteins, as observed in ... | 1992 | 1329323 |
| the varicella-zoster virus immediate early protein, ie62, can positively regulate its cognate promoter. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is a neurotropic alphaherpes virus closely related to herpes simplex virus (hsv). however, unlike its close relative hsv, vzv lacks a functional alpha-tif (alpha-gene transinducing factor) that activates the transcription of immediate early genes during the initial events of the virus life cycle. hence, in the absence of a functional alpha-tif, the mechanism triggering the expression of immediate early genes in vzv at present remains unclear. accumulating evidence in ... | 1992 | 1329324 |
| characterization of the murine cytomegalovirus genes encoding the major dna binding protein and the icp18.5 homolog. | in several herpesviruses the genes for the major dna binding protein (mdbp), a putative assembly protein, the glycoprotein b (gb), and the viral dna polymerase (pol) collocate. in murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), two members of this gene block, pol (elliott, clark, jaquish, and spector, 1991, virology 185, 169-186) and gb (rapp, messerle, bühler, tannheimer, keil, and koszinowski, 1992, j. virol., 66, 4399-4406) have been characterized. here the two other mcmv genes are characterized, the gene enc ... | 1992 | 1329325 |
| identification and expression of the ul1 gene product of equine herpesvirus 1. | sequences encoding the ul1 gene of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) are conserved in the genome of ehv-1 defective interfering particles (dips) that mediate oncogenic transformation and persistent infection. the ul1 protein was identified by in vitro transcription/translation and hybrid-arrest translation analyses which employed a ul1/pgem-3z construct designated pgeml1. sds-page analyses of in vitro translation products synthesized from ul1-specific rna revealed that the ul1 orf encodes a 30 k ... | 1992 | 1329372 |
| mechanism of action of the antiherpesvirus biflavone ginkgetin. | screening of plant extracts found that a biflavone from cephalotaxus drupacea, which was found to be ginkgetin, is active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). this compound caused dose-dependent inhibition of virus replication with a 50% cytotoxic activity at 12.8 micrograms/ml and 50% anti-hsv-1 activity at 0.91 micrograms/ml, the therapeutic index being 14.1. ginkgetin also showed inhibitory effects against hsv type 2 and human cytomegalovirus with therapeutic indices of 13.8 and 11.6, ... | 1992 | 1329635 |
| assessment of a selective inhibitor of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (l-653,180) as therapy for experimental recurrent genital herpes. | herpes simplex virus (hsv)-coded thymidine kinase (tk) is important in efficient reactivation of latent infection. these studies were designed to investigate whether treatment of latently infected animals with a tk inhibitor altered the natural history of recurrent hsv disease. 9-([(z)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl) guanine (l-653,180) is a potent and selective nonsubstrate inhibitor of hsv tk which can suppress or delay reactivation of hsv-1 from latently infected cells in vitro without af ... | 1992 | 1329638 |
| in vitro activities of penciclovir and acyclovir against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | penciclovir (pcv) and acyclovir are acyclic guanine analogs which inhibit herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna polymerase. their 50% infective doses were 0.5 to 0.8 microgram/ml for clinical isolates of hsv-1 and 1.3 to 2.2 micrograms/ml for hsv-2. furthermore, hsv-infected cultures receiving 2-h pulses of pcv had 2- to 50-fold less hsv than acyclovir-treated cultures, consistent with the prolonged intracellular half-life of pcv triphosphate. | 1992 | 1329640 |
| effect of aciclovir on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in ma-104 cell line resistant to aciclovir. | a culture of monkey kidney cells (ma-104) resistant to aciclovir (cas 59277-89-3) was established. the resistant cells were continuously grown in medium containing 200 mumol/l aciclovir whereas normal cells died in such medium. the doses of aciclovir required for 50 and 90% reduction in virus yield were for several herpes simplex virus type 1 clinical isolates up to 5-fold higher in resistant than in normal ma-104 cells; in contrast, doses required for 99% reduction in virus yield could be as mu ... | 1992 | 1329781 |
| analysis of the basis for persistence of herpes simplex virus type 1 in undifferentiated u937 cells. | replication of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) is inhibited in the human monocyte-like cell line, u937, when the cells are in the undifferentiated state, but when the cells are stimulated to differentiate by treatment with the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate virus is replicated. because hsv-1 has been shown to persist in these cells and in their in vitro counterparts freshly isolated human blood monocytes, we initiated an analysis of viral persistence in undifferentiated u937 cells. ... | 1992 | 1329802 |
| antiviral activity of a bile pigment, biliverdin, against human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) in vitro. | biliverdin (bv), a bile pigment, was examined for its antiviral activity against human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) in vitro. bv (10 micrograms/ml) markedly inhibited hhv-6 replication in mt-4 cells when the cells were treated during a virus adsorption period. its antiviral effect was weakened when cells were treated after adsorption. treatment of cells with bv (40 micrograms/ml) 3 hr after virus infection had no inhibitory effect on virus replication. virus replication was also significantly inhibited ... | 1992 | 1328826 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts in corneal cells of inbred mice by in situ hybridization. | we have previously recovered herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) from the corneas of latently infected mice by cultivation in vitro. it could be argued, however, that these data do not definitively distinguish between persistent and latent corneal infection. we have now used rna hybridization in situ to resolve this question by determining the expression of hsv genes in the corneas of balb/c mice during latent infection. two to four months after topical corneal inoculation with hsv, when no active ... | 1992 | 1330438 |
| assessment of exposure to sexually transmitted agents other than human papillomavirus. | there are now a number of lines of evidence giving support for a causal role of high-risk oncogenic hpv types in cervical cancer. however, it is clear that only a minority of women with hpv 16 infection, for example, develop invasive cancer. therefore examination of whether sexually transmitted agents other than hpv are interacting in the genesis of cervical neoplasia is necessary. serological methods which accurately reflect past exposure to individual agents are ideal for epidemiological studi ... | 1992 | 1330921 |
| new antiviral antibiotics, cycloviracins b1 and b2. i. production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activity. | kibdelosporangium albatum no. r761-7 (atcc 55061) produced new antiviral antibiotics, cycloviracins b1 and b2. they show weak activity against gram-positive bacteria and potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1. unique acylsaccharide structures were established for cycloviracins b1 and b2 by degradation and spectroscopic analysis. | 1992 | 1331014 |
| a 15-year surveillance study of antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in a cohort of young girls. | a cohort of 839 young girls at the ages of 14 and 15 years was screened for total antibodies to herpes simplex virus (hsv) and, if positive, for specific antibodies to hsv-2, by means of a sensitive, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the cohort was followed from 1972-1987. blood samples were obtained on six occasions during these 16 years. in total, 2270 blood samples were taken. the number of sero-converting girls was studied in relation to calendar time. two methods were constructed f ... | 1992 | 1331244 |
| enhanced inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 growth in human corneal fibroblasts by combinations of interferon-alpha and -gamma. | trials testing the topical treatment of herpes simplex virus (hsv) ocular infections with single interferons (ifn) have provided mixed results. to determine if combination therapy with ifn may be more effective, the ability of combinations of ifn-alpha and ifn-gamma to inhibit hsv growth in human corneal fibroblasts (hcf) was assessed. virus yields were reduced 282-fold and 37-fold, respectively, in hcf treated with either ifn-alpha or ifn-gamma (10(3) units/ml each). in cells treated with a com ... | 1992 | 1331251 |
| interferon-alpha-dependent and -independent participation of accessory cells in natural killer cell-mediated lysis of hsv-1-infected fibroblasts. | human natural killer (nk) cells require an hla-dr+ accessory cell (ac) population to lyse herpes simplex virus-type 1 (hsv-1)-infected fibroblasts (hsv-fs) but not k562 target cells. it has been postulated that acs may function by producing interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha), which stimulates nk cells. using a sequential enrichment protocol, acs were found to coenrich with the interferon-producing cells (ipcs). treatment of the acs with a protein synthesis inhibitor, emetine, inhibited both their ifn ... | 1992 | 1331279 |
| glycoprotein 300 is encoded by gene 28 of equine herpesvirus type 1: a new family of herpesvirus membrane proteins? | a portion of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) gene 28, which is homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 gene ul32, was expressed using a prokaryotic system to yield a fusion protein which reacted on western blots with p19, a monoclonal antibody (mab) that reacts with ehv-1 glycoprotein 300 (gp300), confirming that this gene encodes gp300. hydrophobicity analysis showed that gp300 is a glycoprotein with multiple hydrophobic domains that might interact with, or span, the membrane several times. ... | 1992 | 1331295 |
| characterization and transcript mapping of a bovine herpesvirus type 1 gene encoding a polypeptide homologous to the herpes simplex virus type 1 major tegument proteins vp13/14. | using in vitro translation of hybrid-selected mrna, we have previously shown that bovine herpesvirus type 1 hindiii fragment m encodes an abundant 94k polypeptide. using immunoprecipitation and sequencing analyses, it has now been shown that the polypeptide is related to the major tegument protein vp8 and is homologous to the herpes simplex virus type 1 major tegument proteins vp13/14. the sequence of the vp8 gene (field isolate 34) is reported and compared to published data. several differences ... | 1992 | 1331296 |
| antiviral properties of a dominant negative mutant of the herpes simplex virus type 1 regulatory protein icp0. | dominant negative or trans-dominant mutants of viral proteins represent a new and exciting potential approach to antiviral therapy. unfortunately, the extreme specificity of a given dominant negative mutant limits its general utility in treating a broad spectrum of viral diseases, since it can typically interfere with the activity of only a single viral polypeptide encoded by a single virus. however, it seems likely that dominant negative mutants of promiscuous viral trans-activator proteins, wh ... | 1992 | 1331297 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of genes encoding glycoproteins d and j in simian herpes b virus. | the gene encoding glycoprotein d (gd) of simian herpes b virus (shbv) was identified by hybridization with the gd gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the gene probe bound to a 2.6 kbp sali-ecori fragment of shbv dna, which was cloned into a plasmid vector. the nucleotide sequence of the shbv dna fragment was determined. two complete and one partial open reading frames (orfs) were found. the nucleotide sequences of the two complete orfs are 57% and 69% identical to hsv-1 genes us5 (encod ... | 1992 | 1331298 |
| l-thymidine is phosphorylated by herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase and inhibits viral growth. | we have demonstrated that herpes simplex 1 (hsv1) thymidine kinase (tk) shows no stereospecificity for d- and l-beta-nucleosides. in vitro, l enantiomers are not recognized by human tk, but function as specific substrates for the viral enzyme in the order: l-thymidine (l-t) >> 2'-deoxy-l-guanosine (l-dg) > 2'-deoxy-l-uridine (l-du) > 2'-deoxy-l-cytidine (l-dc) > 2'-deoxy- l-adenosine (l-da). hsv1 tk phosphorylates both thymidine enantiomers to their corresponding monophosphates with identical ef ... | 1992 | 1331461 |
| replication-defective mutants of herpes simplex virus (hsv) induce cellular immunity and protect against lethal hsv infection. | live viruses and live virus vaccines induce cellular immunity more readily than do inactivated viruses or purified proteins, but the mechanism by which this process occurs is unknown. a trivial explanation would relate to the ability of live viruses to spread and infect more cells than can inactivated virus. we have used live but replication-defective mutants to investigate this question. our studies indicate that the immune responses of mice to live virus differ greatly from the responses to in ... | 1992 | 1331509 |
| the pseudorabies virus homology of the herpes simplex virus ul21 gene product is a capsid protein which is involved in capsid maturation. | we mutagenized, mapped, and sequenced the pseudorabies virus (prv) homology of gene ul21 of herpes simplex virus type 1. a polyclonal mouse antiserum against the protein encoded by the ul21 homolog was generated and used to monitor the expression and subcellular localization of the ul21-encoded protein. we found that the protein is identical to a previously detected prv capsid protein. we analyzed viable prv strains encoding mutant ul21 homologys, truncated by insertion of an oligonucleotide tha ... | 1992 | 1331512 |
| characterization of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-binding protein(s): a candidate cellular receptor for the virus. | the attachment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) to murine and primate cell lines was quantitated by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter assay in which binding of biotinylated virus was detected with streptavidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate. cell lines that were readily infected by lcmv (e.g., mc57, rin, bhk, vero, and hela) bound virus in a dose-dependent manner, whereas no significant binding was observed to lymphocytic cell lines (e.g., rma and wil 2) that were not readily infected ... | 1992 | 1331520 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant strain in1814 establishes a unique, slowly progressing infection in scid mice. | ocular infection of immunocompetent (balb/c) mice with wild-type herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) 17+ may lead to acute fatal encephalitis; however, in surviving animals, a latent (nonproductive) infection of the nervous system is established. in contrast, 17+ infection invariably kills mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid mice) within 2 weeks. ocular infection of immunocompetent mice with a mutant hsv-1 strain, in1814, which does not produce a functional alpha-transinducing prote ... | 1992 | 1331523 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 protease expressed in escherichia coli exhibits autoprocessing and specific cleavage of the icp35 assembly protein. | the ul26 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encodes a protease which is responsible for the c-terminal cleavage of the nucleocapsid-associated proteins, icp35 c and d, to their posttranslationally modified counterparts, icp35 e and f. to further characterize the hsv-1 protease, the ul26 gene product was expressed in escherichia coli. the expressed protease underwent autoproteolytic processing at two independent sites. the first site is shared with icp35 and results in removal of 25 amin ... | 1992 | 1331526 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) a sequence serves as a cleavage/packaging signal but does not drive recombinational genome isomerization when it is inserted into the hsv-2 genome. | we inserted the terminal repeat (a sequence) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain kos into the tk gene of hsv-2 strain hg52 in order to assess the ability of the hsv-1 a sequence to provoke genome isomerization events in an hsv-2 background. we found that the hsv-1 a sequence was cleaved by the hsv-2 cleavage/packaging machinery to give rise to novel genomic termini. however, the hsv-1 a sequence did not detectably recombine with the hsv-2 a sequence. these results demonstrate that the ... | 1992 | 1331535 |
| an autophosphorylating but not transphosphorylating activity is associated with the unique n terminus of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase large subunit. | we report on a protein kinase function encoded by the unique n terminus of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ribonucleotide reductase large subunit (r1). r1 expressed in escherichia coli exhibited autophosphorylation activity in a reaction which depended on the presence of the unique n terminus. when the n terminus was separately expressed in e. coli and partially purified, a similar autophosphorylation reaction was observed. importantly, transphosphorylation of histones and of proteins in ... | 1992 | 1331536 |
| analysis of the ul36 open reading frame encoding the large tegument protein (icp1/2) of herpes simplex virus type 1. | using peptide antisera specific for regions within the n terminus and c terminus of the predicted ul36 gene product, immunoblotting experiments were performed to demonstrate definitively that icp1/2 is encoded by the ul36 gene. these data also suggest that both the cell- and the virion-associated forms of icp1/2 are colinear with the complete predicted amino acid sequence of the ul36 gene. computer-assisted analyses of the predicted amino acid sequence of the ul36 gene revealed the presence of t ... | 1992 | 1331541 |
| recombination in vitro between herpes simplex virus type 1 a sequences. | we have partially purified an activity from extracts of cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 that mediates recombination between repeated copies of the 317-base-pair a sequence of herpes simplex virus type 1. recombination leads to deletion of a lacz indicator gene situated between two directly repeated copies of the a sequence and is scored by transformation of lacz- escherichia coli. the two products of the reaction can be observed directly by restriction enzyme digestion and southe ... | 1992 | 1332062 |
| determination of the coding capacity of the bamhi dna fragment b of apathogenic herpes simplex virus type 1 strain hfem by dna nucleotide sequence analysis. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain hfem acquired an apathogenic phenotype due to a deletion within the dna sequences of the bamhi dna fragment b of the viral genome. in order to investigate the coding strategy of this particular region of the genome of hsv-1 strain hfem the dna nucleotide sequence of the bamhi dna fragment b was determined. this analysis revealed that the bamhi dna fragment b of hsv-1 strain hfem comprises 6593 bp, corresponding to the nucleotide positions (np) 113322 to ... | 1992 | 1332274 |
| heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans as primary cell surface receptors for herpes simplex virus. | our current incomplete picture of the earliest events in hsv infection may be summarized as follows. the initial interaction of virus with cells is the binding of virion gc to heparan sulfate moieties of cell surface proteoglycans. stable binding of virus to cells may require the interaction of other virion glycoproteins with other cell surface receptors as well (including the interaction of gb with heparan sulfate). penetration of virus into the cell is mediated by fusion of the virion envelope ... | 1992 | 1332443 |
| effects of dimethyl prostaglandin a1 on herpes simplex virus and human immunodeficiency virus replication. | we have investigated the direct effect of dimethyl prostaglandin a1 (dmpga1) on the replication of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). dmpga1 significantly inhibited viral replication in both hsv and hiv infection systems at concentrations of dmpga1 that did not adversely alter cellular dna synthesis. the 50% inhibitory concentration (id50) for several hsv type 1 (hsv-1) strains ranged from 3.8 to 5.6 micrograms/ml for vero cells and from 4.6 to 7.3 microg ... | 1992 | 1332592 |