| asymptomatic reactivation of herpes simplex virus in women after the first episode of genital herpes. | to determine frequency, anatomic site, and host factors associated with asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus after initial episodes of genital herpes. | 1992 | 1310837 |
| hela cells grown continuously in protein-free medium: a novel model for the study of virus replication. | human carcinoma of the cervix cell line hela, adapted to continuous growth in a protein-free chemically defined medium, was used as substrate for the replication of several human pathogenic viruses. growth characteristics of the cells designated as hela-pf in protein-free 1:1 nutrient mixture of dulbecco's modified mem and ham's f-12 supplemented with l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate were similar to those of the cells grown in a serum-supplemented medium. after 30 months (135 subcultures) in the prot ... | 1992 | 1310958 |
| prophylactic oral acyclovir in outbreaks of primary herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in a closed community. | oral acyclovir was given prophylactically to 37 children in the early stages of three outbreaks of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection and the results were compared with those in untreated control subjects in two other outbreaks. the rates of seroconversion to hsv were significantly reduced in children treated with acyclovir compared with control subjects (91% vs 27%, p less than .001). the incidence of symptomatic disease was also significantly reduced (82% vs 0%, p less than .001). i ... | 1992 | 1311067 |
| expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein b in insect cells. initial analysis of its biochemical and immunological properties. | a recombinant baculovirus (vac-gb1) was constructed which expresses the glycoprotein b (gb) gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). when sf9 cells were infected with these recombinant viruses, a protein that was close in size to authentic hsv-1 gb was detected by gb polyclonal antibody. the recombinant gb was found on the membrane of sf9 cells and was susceptible to tunicamycin, glycosidase f (pngase f) and partially susceptible to endo-h. antibodies raised in mice to this recombinant recog ... | 1992 | 1311136 |
| introduction of a foreign gene (escherichia coli lacz) into rat neostriatal neurons using herpes simplex virus mutants: a light and electron microscopic study. | introducing genes into adult neurons in vivo may be a useful experimental tool for studying and modifying neuronal function. in this study two herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mutants were used to examine the capability of different types of neostriatal neurons to express a foreign gene introduced through viral infection. in these hsv-1 mutants (7134 and rh105) the escherichia coli gene, lacz, under the control of viral promoters active during the early phase of infection, was substituted for ... | 1992 | 1311266 |
| characterization of enveloped tegument structures (l particles) produced by alphaherpesviruses: integrity of the tegument does not depend on the presence of capsid or envelope. | recent studies have shown that infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain 17 generates in addition to virions a novel type of non-infectious particle. these particles, termed l particles, lack capsids and viral dna, and consist predominantly of tegument and envelope proteins. we show that l particle production is not restricted to one strain of hsv-1, and that pseudorabies virus and equine herpesvirus type 1 also release particles which are similar in composition to and morphologi ... | 1992 | 1311356 |
| assembly of enveloped tegument structures (l particles) can occur independently of virion maturation in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells. | cells infected with a number of alphaherpesviruses produce non-infectious virion-related particles, termed l particles, in addition to infectious virions. l particles consist of the tegument and envelope components, but lack the virus capsid and dna. using a herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) temperature-sensitive mutant, ts1201, which fails to produce mature virions, we show that l particle production is independent of virion formation. moreover, the quantity and protein composition of l parti ... | 1992 | 1311357 |
| analysis of intrastrain recombination in herpes simplex virus type 1 strain 17 and herpes simplex virus type 2 strain hg52 using restriction endonuclease sites as unselected markers and temperature-sensitive lesions as selected markers. | the viral and host factors involved in herpes simplex virus (hsv) recombination are little understood. to identify features of the process, recombination in hsv-1 and hsv-2 has been studied by analysing the segregation of unselected markers in the form of restriction endonuclease (re) sites. by confining parental interactions to only one strain of virus of each serotype, restrictions imposed by non-homology are overcome and differential growth phenotypes can be discounted. the analysis of unsele ... | 1992 | 1311358 |
| the ul13 virion protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 is phosphorylated by a novel virus-induced protein kinase. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) induces a protein kinase (pk) activity in infected cell nuclei. in vitro, the enzyme is able to phosphorylate exogenous casein (albeit inefficiently) but not protamine, can use atp or gtp as a phosphate donor, is stimulated by high salt concentrations and is insensitive to inhibition by heparin. on the basis of these properties, the pk appears to be distinct from previously described cellular enzymes and from the cytoplasmic pk encoded by the viral us3 gene. a ... | 1992 | 1311359 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 origin-dependent dna replication in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. | the minimal set of seven herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genes required for viral origin-dependent dna synthesis was previously identified using a transient replication assay in a mammalian cell line permissive for hsv-1 growth. we have constructed recombinant baculoviruses which efficiently express the products of each of these seven genes in infected spodoptera frugiperda (sf) insect cells. when sf cells were transfected with a plasmid containing a functional hsv-1 origin of replication, a ... | 1992 | 1311360 |
| incorporation of the carbocyclic analog of 2'-deoxyguanosine into the dna of herpes simplex virus and of hep-2 cells infected with herpes simplex virus. | the carbocyclic analog of 2'-deoxyguanosine (cdg) is active against herpes simplex virus (hsv), human cytomegalovirus, and human hepatitis-b virus. in order to understand the mechanism of action of this compound against hsv, we have evaluated (a) the incorporation of [3h]cdg into viral and host dna in hep-2 cells infected with hsv and (b) the interaction of the 5'-triphosphate of cdg (cdg-tp) with the hsv dna polymerase and human dna polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma (ec 2.7.7.7). incubation of ... | 1992 | 1311407 |
| expression of nerve growth factor in vivo from a defective herpes simplex virus 1 vector prevents effects of axotomy on sympathetic ganglia. | sympathetic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion (scg) of adult rats depend on target-derived nerve growth factor (ngf) for maintenance of tyrosine hydroxylase (th) levels and the noradrenergic neurotransmitter system. axotomy of a scg results in ngf deprivation, causing a decline in th activity; continuous local application of ngf can prevent this decline in th activity. we now report that injection of a defective herpes simplex virus 1 vector that expresses ngf (phsvngf) into a scg can pr ... | 1992 | 1311846 |
| characterization of the varicella-zoster virus gene 61 protein. | the protein predicted to be encoded by varicella-zoster virus (vzv) gene 61 exhibits limited amino acid sequence similarity to the herpes simplex virus type 1 nuclear phosphoprotein vmw110, which functions as a transcriptional activator. the gene 61 protein was expressed in its entirety, or as an amino- or carboxy-terminal fragment in escherichia coli and vaccinia virus recombinants, and monospecific rabbit antisera were raised against an e. coli fusion between beta-galactosidase and the majorit ... | 1992 | 1312115 |
| on the cellular localization of the components of the herpes simplex virus type 1 helicase-primase complex and the viral origin-binding protein. | we constructed recombinant viruses based on the herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant tsk which individually were able to express the products of four viral dna replication genes (ul5, ul8, ul9 and ul52) in the absence of any of the other proteins required for viral dna synthesis. these viruses were used in immunofluorescence experiments to investigate the cellular localization of the four replication proteins expressed. the results demonstrated that all three components of the viral helicase-prima ... | 1992 | 1312116 |
| the myristylated virion proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1: investigation of their role in the virus life cycle. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gene ul11 encodes a myristylated virion protein. in this paper we have characterized the ul11 product further and investigated its role in the virus life cycle. wild-type hsv-1 strain 17syn+ expresses three electrophoretically distinguishable ul11 polypeptide species. analysis of single plaque isolates demonstrated that two virus populations exist within the 17syn+ stock: a major population encoding only the two higher mr species, and a minor population encodi ... | 1992 | 1312117 |
| baculovirus-expressed glycoprotein h of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) induces neutralizing antibody and delayed type hypersensitivity responses, but does not protect immunized mice against lethal hsv-1 challenge. | we have shown previously that herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein h (gh) expressed by a baculovirus recombinant is transported to the cell surface in the absence of other hsv-1 gene products, and that the expressed gh has an apparent mr similar to that of authentic hsv-1 gh. we report here that antibodies raised in mice to this baculovirus-expressed gh neutralize the infectivity of hsv-1 in vitro; this neutralizing activity was not complement-dependent. mice vaccinated with gh also ... | 1992 | 1312127 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 tegument protein vp22 is encoded by gene ul49. | vp22 is a major tegument protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 and is highly phosphorylated in the infected cell. indirect evidence exists to suggest that it is encoded by gene ul49, present in the bamhi f fragment of the genome. using the polymerase chain reaction we have cloned the ul49 open reading frame into a mammalian expression vector under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene promoter. after transfection into cos-7 cells expression of the gene product was detect ... | 1992 | 1312128 |
| effects of gene transfer into cultured cns neurons with a replication-defective herpes simplex virus type 1 vector. | vectors derived from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) may provide useful tools for gene transfer to cells of the mammalian nervous system. we have studied the infection of cultured cns neurons using a vector derived from an hsv-1 mutant deleted for the major hsv-1 transcriptional regulatory protein-encoding gene, ie 3. this vector, denoted cgal delta 3, contains the e. coli lacz gene driven by the strong promotor of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early gene inserted into a non-codi ... | 1992 | 1312210 |
| mapping neuroinvasiveness of the herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis-inducing strain 2762 by the use of monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against herpes simplex virus (hsv)-coded glycoproteins gb, gc, gd and ge were employed in a an in vitro model of neuroinvasiveness using sensory neurons from rat dorsal root ganglion (drg) cells. the neurons were cultured in at two-chamber system allowing infection via the neuritic extensions exclusively. the effects of 30 mabs on viral replication of the encephalitis-derived hsv-1 strain 2762 and its less neuroinvasive variant 2762p11 were assayed in this m ... | 1992 | 1312221 |
| effect of ibuprofen on the in vitro and in vivo reactivation of latent hsv-1. | prostaglandins have been suggested to play an important role in the reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus. to further understand the role of prostaglandins in the reactivation process, we investigated the effects of ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitory activity, on the in vitro and in vivo reactivation of latent type 1 herpes simplex virus in mouse ganglia and rabbits, respectively. ibuprofen, at a concentration of 50 or 100 microm, did n ... | 1992 | 1312234 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcription unit promotes anatomical site-dependent establishment and reactivation from latency. | defined herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mutants kos/1 and kos/62 (positive and negative, respectively, for latency-associated transcripts [lats]) express the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) gene during latency. these mutants were employed to assess the functions of the latency-associated transcription unit on establishment and maintenance of and reactivation from the latent state. it was found that in the trigeminal ganglia, the frequencies of hyperthermia-induced reactivation ... | 1992 | 1312626 |
| a novel herpes simplex virus glycoprotein, gl, forms a complex with glycoprotein h (gh) and affects normal folding and surface expression of gh. | a glycoprotein encoded by the ul1 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was detected in infected cells with antipeptide sera. the ul1 gene has previously been implicated in virus-induced cell fusion (s. little and p. a. schaffer, virology 112:686-697, 1981). two protein species, a 30-kda precursor form and a 40-kda mature form of the glycoprotein, both of which were modified with n-linked oligosaccharides, were observed. this novel glycoprotein is the 10th hsv-1 glycoprotein to be describe ... | 1992 | 1312629 |
| identification of dominant-negative mutants of the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein icp0. | icp0 is a 110,000-molecular-weight immediate-early protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) which is encoded by three exons. it has been shown to function as a promiscuous transactivator of a variety of different hsv-1 and non-hsv-1 promoters in transient expression assays. analysis of mutations which truncated the carboxy-terminal end of this 775-amino-acid (aa) protein demonstrated that a polypeptide which contained only aa 1 to 553 still possessed significant transactivation potential. ... | 1992 | 1312631 |
| efficacy of oral administration of live herpes simplex virus type 1 as a vaccine. | mice given herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) (miyama +gc strain) intragastrically via a stainless-steel cannula were rendered immune to subsequent lethal intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge with hsv-1. the orally administered hsv-1 was completely inactivated in the stomach within a few minutes of inoculation. however, systemic immunity was established 14 days after oral inoculation with the virus and retained for up to 6 months. the mechanisms of establishing systemic immunity were investigated b ... | 1992 | 1312638 |
| differentiation of multiple domains in the herpes simplex virus 1 protease encoded by the ul26 gene. | previous studies have shown that the herpes simplex virus 1 gene ul26 encodes a 635-amino acid protease that cleaves approximately 20 amino acids from the carboxyl terminus of itself and of a 329-amino acid product of the ul26.5 gene. the results of studies with a variety of protease inhibitors showed that the ul26 protease was inhibited by serine protease inhibitors but not by inhibitors of cysteine protease, aspartic acid protease, or metalloprotease. mutations resulting in amino acid substitu ... | 1992 | 1312713 |
| localization of herpes simplex virus type 1 in sebaceous glands of mice. | the distribution of hsv-1 during the development of zosteriform skin lesions in scid mice was analyzed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. the virus initially appeared within certain keratinocytes, sometimes surrounded by keratinocytes whose surfaces were also positive for the antigens, in the lower epidermal layers including the hair follicles, and then extended upward to the entire epidermis and downward to the sebaceous glands 1-2 days later, when no macroscopic skin lesion was see ... | 1992 | 1312819 |
| infectious laryngotracheitis virus growth, dna replication, and protein synthesis. | the polypeptides associated with infection of primary chicken kidney (ck) cells with infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) were examined by metabolic labelling with [35s]methionine and sds-page. polypeptide synthesis was followed over the first 24 h post-infection (p.i.) as this was shown to be the period of viable virus production. a total of 16 iltv encoded or induced polypeptides were identified using metabolic labelling. the use of inhibitors of protein and dna synthesis in conjunction w ... | 1992 | 1312821 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) hszp interferes also after antibody neutralization with early shutoff of host protein synthesis induced by hsv-1 kos. | the hszp strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is defective with respect to the early shutoff of host protein synthesis. however, in superinfection experiments using vero cells, the hszp strain was effective, even after neutralization by antibody, at interfering with the early shutoff function of the hsv-1 kos strain. evidence was given that the observed interference was not due to exclusion of the kos by hszp at the level of adsorption or penetration. the neutralized kos strain failed t ... | 1992 | 1312822 |
| permissible amino acid substitutions within the putative nucleoside binding site of herpes simplex virus type 1 encoded thymidine kinase established by random sequence mutagenesis [corrected]. | we determined the essentiality of all amino acid replacements within an 11-codon sequence in the putative nucleoside-binding site of thymidine kinase encoded by herpes simplex virus type 1. this involved partial randomization of 11 codons in the gene to create a degenerate library, followed by genetic complementation using a tk- escherichia coli strain and selection of unnatural active enzymes. we produced and tested 53,000 variants; of which 190 were found to be biologically active. sequence an ... | 1992 | 1313013 |
| deletion of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase gene alters virulence and latency in vivo. | the role of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-encoded ribonucleotide reductase (rr) has been investigated in mice and guinea pigs using a mutant from which 90% of the large subunit of the enzyme was deleted. the rr mutant was extremely impaired in its ability to induce external vaginal lesions or to cause death in mice following intracerebral, intraperitoneal, or intravaginal inoculation, or in guinea pigs following intraperitoneal or intravaginal inoculation. the rr mutant replicated poorly i ... | 1992 | 1313220 |
| evaluation of 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-ethyluracil in a rabbit model of herpetic keratitis. | the nucleoside analog 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5- ethyluracil (feau) was tested in a rabbit model of acute herpetic keratitis and its effectiveness compared with that of acyclovir (acv). feau or acv was applied topically 3 times daily, beginning 3 days post-hsv-1 inoculation and continued for a period of 7 days. feau at a concentration of 1% (w/v) or 3% acv resulted in significant lessening of the severity of corneal lesions, conjunctivitis, iritis, and corneal clouding at ... | 1992 | 1313221 |
| purification and characterization of delta helicase from fetal calf thymus. | a dna helicase (delta helicase) which partially copurifies with dna polymerase delta has been highly purified from fetal calf thymus. delta helicase differs in physical and enzymatic properties from other eukaryotic dna helicases described thus far. the enzyme has an apparent mass of 57 kda by gel filtration and is associated with polypeptides of 56 and 52 kda by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. photo-cross-linking of the purified enzyme with [alpha-32p]atp resulted in labeling of a polyp ... | 1992 | 1313298 |
| quartromicin, a complex of novel antiviral antibiotics. i. production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and antiviral activity. | a strain of amycolatopsis orientalis no. q427-8 (atcc 53884) was found to produce a complex of new antiviral antibiotics, quartromicin which consisted of at least six components a1, a2, a3, d1, d2 and d3. structural studies suggested that they are a novel type of molecules unrelated to any known antibiotics. each component of quartromicin exhibited antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1, influenza virus type a and human immunodeficiency virus. | 1992 | 1313409 |
| spread of herpes simplex virus to the cerebrospinal fluid and the meninges in experimental mouse encephalitis. | the development of the inflammatory response within the brain, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) compartment has been studied for the first time simultaneously in experimental herpes simplex virus (hsv) encephalitis after inoculation via the cornea. two major viral pathways were found from the eye to the brain: one through the trigeminal nerve to the brain stem and one through the nasolacrimal duct to the olfactory system. viral antigen was found to be present in the cns before there were c ... | 1992 | 1313632 |
| protection from retinal necrosis by passive transfer of monoclonal antibody specific for herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d. | passive administration of antibody against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has been shown to protect against stromal keratitis and death from encephalitis. although the exact mechanism by which passively-transferred antibody protects is not known, one of the features of protection by passively-transferred antibody is interference with the ability of the virus to spread within the nervous system. in the experiments reported herein, studies were performed to determine if 8d2, a monoclonal anti ... | 1992 | 1313751 |
| protective effects of anti-glycoprotein d monoclonal antibodies in murine herpetic keratitis. | the protective effects of passive immunization with two kinds of anti-glycoprotein d (anti-gd) monoclonal antibodies, having different antiviral activities, were investigated in murine herpetic keratitis. one monoclonal antibody, designated m1, had high virus-neutralizing antibody titers, along with undetectable levels of complement-dependent cytolysis (cdc) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc); the other, designated m12, exhibited extremely low titers of virus-neutralization with ... | 1992 | 1313753 |
| indirect elisa for the detection of hsv-2 specific igg and igm antibodies with glycoprotein g (gg-2). | the glycoprotein g (gg-2) purified from hsv-2 infected cells has been reported to be useful for determination of hsv-2 type-specific antibodies using conventional elisa formats. this study further confirmed the specificity of gg-2 and demonstrated the feasibility of a specific igm assay. the gg-2 elisa was developed to detect hsv-2 specific igg and igm antibodies in human sera with high levels of sensitivity and specificity. of 45 patients with culture-proven recurrent hsv-2 genital infection 44 ... | 1992 | 1313824 |
| vaginal infection of mice with hsv type 2 variant er-: a new animal model for human primary genital hsv type 2 infections. | studying the pathogenesis of vaginal infections in mice with two variants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) strain er we observed that both variants er+ and er- caused severe vaginitis but only er+ invaded the cns leading to lethal neurological disease. in contrast, mice infected with er- cleared the virus from the vagina and recovered from infection. er+ and er- expressed equal levels of thymidine kinase (tk) indicating a tk-independent difference in neurovirulence. using the non-neuroviru ... | 1992 | 1313825 |
| critical role of corneal langerhans cells in the cd4- but not cd8-mediated immunopathology in herpes simplex virus-1-infected mouse corneas. | previous studies have revealed that the re strain of hsv type 1 (hsv-1) induces a tissue-destructive inflammatory response in the mouse cornea that is mediated by cd4 t lymphocytes, whereas the kos strain of hsv-1 preferentially activates cd8 t lymphocytes in the cornea. langerhans cells (lc) normally reside only at the periphery of the cornea but can migrate centripetally after hsv-1 infection. we studied the relative contribution of lc to the corneal inflammation induced by the kos and re stra ... | 1992 | 1313845 |
| identification and characterization of the herpes simplex virus type 1 virion protein encoded by the ul35 open reading frame. | the ul35 open reading frame (orf) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has been predicted from dna sequence analysis to encode a small polypeptide with a molecular weight of 12,095. we have investigated the protein product of the ul35 orf by using a trpe-ul35 gene fusion to produce a corresponding fusion protein in escherichia coli. the trpe-ul35 chimeric protein was subsequently isolated and used as a source of immunogen for the production of rabbit polyclonal antiserum directed against the u ... | 1992 | 1313892 |
| association of icp0 but not icp27 with purified virions of herpes simplex virus type 1. | recent studies have shown that icp4, one of the major immediate-early proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 is present within the tegument region of the virion (f. yao and r. j. courtney, j. virol. 63:3338-3344, 1989). with monoclonal antibodies to two additional immediate-early proteins, icp0 and icp27, and western blot (immunoblot) analysis, icp0, but not icp27, was also found to be associated with purified virus particles. in an effort to localize the icp0 within the virion, purified virion ... | 1992 | 1313896 |
| immediate-early rna 2.9 and early rna 2.6 of bovine herpesvirus 1 are 3' coterminal and encode a putative zinc finger transactivator protein. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) contains three major immediate-early (ie) genes involved in regulation of the productive cycle of replication. two spliced ie rnas, ier4.2 (4.2 kb) and ier2.9 (2.9 kb), are under the control of a single promoter; ier1.7 (1.7 kb) is transcribed from a different promoter in the opposite direction. examining the kinetics of transcription, we found that the ier4.2/2.9 promoter was turned off at the end of the ie period. an alternative promoter became active, directing sy ... | 1992 | 1313901 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 icp0 regulates expression of immediate-early, early, and late genes in productively infected cells. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 protein, icp0, can activate expression of all kinetic classes of viral promoters in transient expression assays. to examine the role of icp0 in the regulation of viral gene expression during productive infection, we characterized the wild-type virus, an icp0 null mutant (7134), and several icp0 nonsense mutant viruses with regard to virus replication and protein synthesis in vero cells. relative to wild-type virus, 7134 was severely deficient in viral growth and p ... | 1992 | 1313909 |
| herpes simplex viruses with mutations in the gene encoding icp0 are defective in gene expression. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mutants with codon insertions and deletions in ie-0, the gene encoding icp0, were constructed. the hsv-1 deletion mutant dl1403 (n. d. stow and e. c. stow, j. gen. virol. 67:2571-2585, 1986) and an ie-0:lacz transplacement vector isolated in this study were used to facilitate the construction of mutant viruses. mutant viruses, all of which produced stable icp0, were examined for their ability to plaque and grow on both vero and hela cells because previous resu ... | 1992 | 1313910 |
| effect of genomic location on expression of beta-galactosidase mrna controlled by the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul38 promoter. | to examine the effect of genomic location on the details of expression of selected herpes simplex virus promoters, we have constructed recombination vectors for placing such promoters controlling the beta-galactosidase reporter gene into two regions of the viral genome lacking any nearby promoter or regulatory elements. the first vector generates the promoter-beta-galactosidase reporter gene inverted within the locus of the gc (ul44) translational reading frame; the second replaces the lat promo ... | 1992 | 1313912 |
| identification and characterization of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein h. | on the basis of dna sequence analysis, it has recently been shown that the pseudorabies virus (prv) genome encodes a protein homologous to glycoprotein h (gh) of other herpesviruses (b. klupp and t.c. mettenleiter, virology 182:732-741, 1991). to obtain antibodies specific for gh(prv), rabbits were immunized with synthetic peptides representing two potential epitopes on gh(prv) as predicted by computer analysis. the antipeptide sera recognized the gh precursor polypeptide pgh translated in vitro ... | 1992 | 1313917 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 polypeptide icp4 bends dna. | icp4, the major regulatory polypeptide of herpes simplex virus type 1, is expressed at the earliest stages of virus infection and is required for the activation of transcription from the majority of viral promoters. it is a dna binding protein which specifically recognises bipartite sites related to the sequence atcgtnnnnncgg. in this report we show that both partially purified icp4, and its isolated dna binding domain, bend dna at occupied binding sites. the apparent angles of bend at two diffe ... | 1992 | 1313964 |
| monoclonal antibodies for the identification of herpesvirus simiae (b virus). | to differentiate between b virus and hsv isolates from monkeys and man monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced to herpesvirus simiae (b virus) and herpes simplex type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2). mabs were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (ifat) for reactivity against herpesviruses from asiatic monkeys (b virus), african monkeys (sa 8 virus), and man (hsv-1, hsv-2, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and epstein-barr virus). mabs could be divided into groups a-e displaying specific re ... | 1992 | 1314049 |
| the gamma 1(34.5) gene of herpes simplex virus 1 precludes neuroblastoma cells from triggering total shutoff of protein synthesis characteristic of programed cell death in neuronal cells. | the gamma 1(34.5) gene of herpes simplex virus 1 was previously shown to play a role in viral virulence since deletion of the gene reduced by a factor of approximately 100,000 the capacity of the virus to replicate in the central nervous system and cause mortality in the mouse. here we show that in the human neuroblastoma cell line sk-n-sh of neuronal origin gamma 1(34.5) null mutants expressed early proteins, viral dna, and mrna of late genes. however, the onset of viral dna synthesis triggered ... | 1992 | 1314384 |
| activation of second-messenger pathways reactivates latent herpes simplex virus in neuronal cultures. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) establishes latent infections in neurons of sympathetic and sensory ganglia in humans, and reactivation of latent virus results in recurrent disease. previously, we reported establishment of latent hsv-1 infections in neuronal cultures derived from rats, monkeys, and humans; reactivation occurs following nerve growth factor (ngf) deprivation. the processes controlling hsv latency are not understood. using the in vitro neuronal latency system, we have shown tha ... | 1992 | 1314458 |
| heteroconjugate antibodies enhance cell-mediated anti-herpes simplex virus immunity in vivo. | heteroconjugate antibodies are generated by covalently linking two mabs with different specificities. when anti-cd3 mab, capable of activating effector t cells, is coupled to anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) mab, which binds hsv antigens on virally-infected target cells, the resulting heteroconjugate antibody can be used in vitro to enhance anti-hsv immunity. specifically, these heteroconjugate antibodies can augment anti-hsv immunity among lymphocytes previously lacking cytotoxicity against hsv- ... | 1992 | 1314641 |
| occurrence and characterization of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus isolates: report on a two-year sensitivity screening survey. | for the past 2 years, a survey network was established for the screening of acyclovir (acv)-resistant clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus (hsv). among 889 strains tested for in vitro acv sensitivity, 14 hsv-1 and 6 hsv-2 were resistant to acv concentrations exceeding 3 micrograms/ml. these resistant isolates were most often obtained after prolonged acv treatment of severely immunocompromised patients. for five patients, the emergence of acv-resistant virus correlated with treatment failure ... | 1992 | 1315366 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of acyclic nucleosides with a 3(s),5-dihydroxypentyl or 4(r)-methoxy-3(s),5-dihydroxypentyl side chain. | optically pure acyclic nucleoside analogues with a 3(s),5-dihydroxypentyl or 4(r)-methoxy-3(s),5-dihydroxypentyl side chain were synthesized starting from 2-deoxy-d-ribose. the acyclic nucleosides were obtained by alkylation of the bases with the mesylates 16 and 17. of these series of novel nucleoside analogues only 9-[3(s),5-dihydroxypent-1-yl]guanine (6d) showed marked antiviral activity. it inhibited the cytopathogenicity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) at a concentration of 0.4-0.6 m ... | 1992 | 1315394 |
| a herpesvirus regulatory protein appears to act post-transcriptionally by affecting mrna processing. | post-transcriptional control mechanisms play an important role in regulating gene expression for a number of viruses, especially in the regulation of late gene products. in this study we have investigated the mode of action of icp27, an immediate-early regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) required for late gene expression. transfection experiments have demonstrated that icp27 can activate or repress expression depending on the target gene. here, we show that the regulatory activi ... | 1992 | 1315705 |
| decreased herpes simplex viral immunity and enhanced pathogenesis following stressor administration in mice. | mild electric footshock stress was delivered during the dark portion of a 12:12 h light:dark cycle to c57bl/6 female mice that were infected with herpes simplex virus-type 1 (hsv). the studies were designed to correlate viral titer with both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to hsv infection. footshock was observed to result in decreased hsv-specific immunity. the numbers of leukocytes in spleens and draining popliteal lymph nodes of footshocked mice were depressed compared to both appa ... | 1992 | 1315793 |
| herpetic esophagitis in an immunocompetent boy. | an immunocompetent 12-year-old boy had epigastric pain, odynophagia, fever, and hematemesis. esophagoscopy demonstrated ulceration of his proximal and distal esophagus. although histopathologic analysis of biopsies obtained from the lesions was nondiagnostic, herpes simplex virus type 1 was isolated from these samples. the patient responded rapidly to acyclovir therapy. only a handful of cases of herpes esophagitis have been reported previously in immunocompetent children. this infection must be ... | 1992 | 1315998 |
| direct gene transfer to the liver with herpes simplex virus type 1 vectors: transient production of physiologically relevant levels of circulating factor ix. | we have used gene transfer vectors derived from a replication-defective mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) expressing the hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag), escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), or canine factor ix (cfix) from the immediate early promoter of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) to infect mouse liver by direct injection or through the portal vein. by either route, high levels of transgene expression were demonstrated by the detection of immunoreactive hbsag o ... | 1992 | 1316145 |
| a quantitative assay of retrograde transported hsv in the trigeminal ganglion. | the relationship between the dose of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) inoculated in the cornea and the amount of actively replicating virus recovered from mouse trigeminal ganglion cells 5 d after corneal scratch and inoculation was investigated with a tissue culture plaque assay. a dose response curve of productive viral replication was obtained. the estimated dose of hsv that produces half-maximal recovery of virus within the ganglion was 9.15 x 10(3) plaque forming units per eye, and the max ... | 1992 | 1316334 |
| comparison of the western immunoblot assay and a glycoprotein g enzyme immunoassay for detection of serum antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 in patients with aids. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) seroprevalence in 68 patients with aids was 77% by western blot (immunoblot) and 44% by glycoprotein g-2 immunoassay. each of 16 patients with culture-proven hsv-2 infection was positive by western blot versus 8 by glycoprotein g-2 immunoassay. no differences in age, race, duration of aids, acyclovir usage, or hsv-1 seroprevalence were found to explain differences in sensitivity. | 1992 | 1316370 |
| characterization of a herpes simplex virus sequence which binds a cellular protein as either a single-stranded or double-stranded dna or rna. | earlier we reported that herpes simplex virus 1 dna contains a sequence which binds a host protein in a sequence-specific manner as either a single-stranded or a double-stranded dna or rna and that this sequence is located in a transcriptional unit whose rna traverses the origin of viral dna replication (orisrna) (r.j. roller, l. mccormick, and b. roizman, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 86:6518-6522, 1989). the protein reacts with both dna and rna in band-shift assays and protects the single-strande ... | 1992 | 1316459 |
| localization of cis-acting sequence requirements in the promoter of the latency-associated transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1 required for cell-type-specific activity. | we have previously demonstrated (a. h. batchelor and p. o'hare, j. virol. 64:3269-3279, 1990) the selective activity in human neuroblastoma cells (imr-32) of a promoter located upstream of the latency-associated transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1. in this work, we provide evidence for the basis of the selective activity of this latency-associated promoter (lap). recombinant constructs containing sequences up to -143 (relative to the lap cap site) linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransf ... | 1992 | 1316469 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1-mediated induction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus correlates with binding of nuclear proteins to the nf-kappa b enhancer and leader sequence. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection induces expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) provirus in the chronically infected t-cell line ach-2. the hsv-1-mediated induction correlates with the appearance of two nf-kappa b-specific proteins of 55 and 85 kda in the nucleus and with the binding of 50-kda nuclear protein to the lbp-1 binding site of the untranslated leader sequence of the hiv-1 long terminal repeat. the hsv-1-induced lbp-1 binding protein, designated hlp- ... | 1992 | 1316471 |
| the herpes simplex virus 1 rna binding protein us11 is a virion component and associates with ribosomal 60s subunits. | the herpes simplex virus 1 us11 gene encodes a site- and conformation-specific rna binding regulatory protein. we fused the coding sequence of this protein with that of beta-galactosidase, expressed the chimeric gene in escherichia coli, and purified a fusion protein which binds rna in the same way as the infected cell protein. the fusion protein was used to generate anti-us11 monoclonal antibody. studies with this antibody showed that us11 protein is a viral structural protein estimated to be p ... | 1992 | 1316472 |
| receptor properties of two varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins, gpi and gpiv, homologous to herpes simplex virus ge and gi. | the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) genome contains 70 reading frames (orf), 5 of which encode the glycoproteins gpi, gpii, gpiii, gpiv, and gpv. orf 67 and 68 lie adjacent to each other in the unique short region of the vzv genome and code for gpiv and gpi, respectively. these two genes, which are contained within the hindiii c fragment of the vzv genome, were subcloned in the correct orientation downstream from the promoter regions of the eukaryotic expression vectors pcmv5 and pbj. after transfe ... | 1992 | 1316474 |
| a cellular function is required for pseudorabies virus envelope glycoprotein processing and virus egress. | the mouse l-cell mutant gro29 is defective for egress of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) virions and is significantly reduced in hsv-1 glycoprotein export (b. w. banfield and f. tufaro, j. virol. 64:5716-5729, 1990). in this report, we demonstrate that pseudorabies virus (prv), a distantly related alphaherpesvirus, shows a distinctive set of defects after infection of gro29 cells. specifically, we identify defects in the rate and extent of viral glycoprotein export, infectious particle forma ... | 1992 | 1316483 |
| characterization of regulatory functions of the varicella-zoster virus gene 63-encoded protein. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) gene 63 encodes a protein (ie63) with a predicted molecular mass of 30.5 kda which has amino acid similarities to the immediate-early (ie) protein 22 (icp22) of herpes simplex virus type 1. icp22 is a polypeptide synthesized in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells, and as is the case for its vzv counterpart, its regulatory functions are unknown. on the basis of the vzv dna sequence, it has been shown that ie63 exhibits hydrophilic and acidic properties, suggest ... | 1992 | 1316489 |
| identification and characterization of an equine herpesvirus 1 late gene encoding a potential zinc finger. | in this report, we present the dna sequence and transcriptional characterization of a gene (ir5) that maps within each of the inverted repeat (ir) segments of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) genome. the ir5 open reading frame (orf) is located within both ir sequences (nucleotides 9932-10,642 of the ir). dna sequence analyses of the ir5 gene region revealed an orf of 236 amino acids (24,793 da) that showed significant homology to orf64 of varicella-zoster virus and orf3 of ehv-4 both of whi ... | 1992 | 1316680 |
| localization of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus dna in human ganglia. | human dorsal root ganglia from 14 randomly autopsied adults and 1 infant (all seropositive for both herpes simplex virus [hsv] and varicella zoster virus [vzv]) were examined for latent hsv-1 and vzv dna by polymerase chain reaction. thoracic ganglionic dna from all subjects and trigeminal ganglionic dna from 11 adults were analyzed. hsv-1 dna was detected in trigeminal ganglia from 8 of 11 (73%) adults and in thoracic ganglia from 2 of 14 (14%) adults. vzv dna was detected in trigeminal ganglia ... | 1992 | 1316733 |
| molecular cloning and physical mapping of the genome of simian herpes b virus and comparison of genome organization with that of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the molecular structure of the genome of simian herpes b virus (shbv) was determined by restriction endonuclease mapping studies. genomic dna was cleaved with restriction endonucleases bamhi and sali into 41 and 58 fragments, respectively. most of these fragments were cloned into the plasmid vector pacyc184; uncloned fragments were identified following isolation from agarose gels. terminal fragments were identified by exonuclease digestion and radioactive end-labelling, and linkage of fragments ... | 1992 | 1316941 |
| identification of the equine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein 17/18 as a homologue of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d. | the dna sequence of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) gd gene homologue has been determined for the strain ab1 and compared with previously published sequences. a portion of the gene has been located to a region of the genome which also encodes homologues of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genes for ge and gi and is known to encode an epitope of the virion protein gp17/18. analysis of the ehv-1 strain kentucky a (kya) by dna hybridization showed the presence of a gd gene homologue and establ ... | 1992 | 1316942 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-cyclobutyl-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil nucleoside analogues and related compounds. | a series of racemic (1 alpha (e), 2 beta, 3 alpha)-1-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]-5-(2-halovinyl)uracils was synthesized and evaluated in cell culture. the bromovinyl, iodovinyl, and chlorovinyl analogues, 13, 15, and 16, respectively, are all potent inhibitors of varicella zoster virus (vzv), but are less inhibitory to the replication of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2). the excellent anti-vzv activities of 13, 15, and 16 coupled with their vi ... | 1992 | 1316966 |
| anterograde transport of hsv-1 and hsv-2 in the visual system. | the anterograde spread of herpesvirus in the visual system subsequent to retinitis has been observed clinically. we compared the ability of two well-studied herpes simplex virus (hsv) strains to be transported in the anterograde direction in the hamster visual system: strain mcintyre, representing hsv-1, and strain 186, representing hsv-2. intravitreal injection of hsv-2 labeled more retinorecipient neurons than did hsv-1, suggesting important type differences in the ability of hsv to infect ret ... | 1992 | 1317240 |
| identification of the 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-responsive enhancer of the ms gene of the epstein-barr virus. | we previously located two 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-responsive enhancers, mstre-i and mstre-ii, in the upstream sequence of the ms gene of epstein-barr virus (liu, q., and summers, w.c. (1989) j. virol. 63, 5062-5068). the core sequence of the mstre-i enhancer is now determined to be between -718 and -708 of the upstream sequence of the ms gene. the activity of the enhancer is also sensitive to its immediate surrounding sequence on either side. a single copy of a 30-base pair (b ... | 1992 | 1318308 |
| infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by herpes simplex and epstein-barr viruses. differential induction of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | infection by herpesviruses can result in profound immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory effects. however, no significant information is available on the effect of such infections on the production of immunoregulatory cytokines. we studied the kinetics of production of two monocyte-derived cytokines, interleukin 6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha), induced by epstein-barr virus (ebv) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures and in frac ... | 1992 | 1318324 |
| purification and characterization of ul9, the herpes simplex virus type 1 origin-binding protein. | ul9, the origin-binding protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), has been overexpressed in an insect cell overexpression system and purified to homogeneity. in this report, we confirm and extend recent findings on the physical properties, enzymatic activities, and binding properties of ul9. we demonstrate that ul9 exists primarily as a homodimer in solution and that these dimers associate to form a complex nucleoprotein structure when bound to the hsv origin of replication. we also show t ... | 1992 | 1318393 |
| physical and functional interaction of human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase and its accessory protein (icp36) expressed in insect cells. | expression of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) (ad169) dna polymerase gene under the control of the polyhedrin promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells has provided a source of highly active cmv dna polymerase. in extracts from cmv-infected cells, the cmv dna polymerase is found strongly associated with an additional polypeptide, icp36. this protein has been identified as the cmv homolog of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul42 gene produc ... | 1992 | 1318399 |
| transactivation of the major capsid protein gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 requires a cellular transcription factor. | the purpose of this investigation was to identify and characterize the regulatory elements involved in the transcriptional activation of the beta gamma (leaky-late or gamma 1) genes of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) by using the major capsid protein (vp5 or icp5) gene as model. gel mobility shift assays with nuclear extracts from uninfected and infected hela cells enabled us to identify two major protein-dna complexes involving the vp5 promoter. the mobilities of these two complexes remaine ... | 1992 | 1318406 |
| the dna sequence of equine herpesvirus-1. | the complete dna sequence was determined of a pathogenic british isolate of equine herpesvirus-1, a respiratory virus which can cause abortion and neurological disease. the genome is 150,223 bp in size, has a base composition of 56.7% g + c, and contains 80 open reading frames likely to encode protein. since four open reading frames are duplicated in the major inverted repeat, two are probably expressed as a spliced mrna, and one may contain an internal transcriptional promoter, the genome is co ... | 1992 | 1318606 |
| the herpes simplex virus immediate early protein icp27 encodes a potential metal binding domain and binds zinc in vitro. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) immediate-early regulatory proteins icp27 and icp0 each encode putative zinc-finger metal-binding domains. we utilized the technique of metal chelate affinity chromatography to demonstrate that icp27 and icp0 were able to bind to zinc in vitro. this property was further exploited to purify icp27 from extracts of hsv-1-infected cells. the purification procedure also revealed that icp27 possessed single-stranded dna-binding activity. analysis of icp27 trunca ... | 1992 | 1318613 |
| altered chromatin higher-order structure in cells infected by herpes simplex virus type 1. | in cells infected by herpesviruses chromosomal aberrations such as breaks and constrictions are commonly observed. previous studies have shown that chromatin modifications in cells infected by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) are not due to extensive breakdown of host-cell dna or disruption of nucleosomal structure. we have previously shown that infection by hsv-1 induces single-stranded breaks in the host-cell dna in a time-dependent fashion. here we report that the early dna damage observed ... | 1992 | 1318706 |
| modulatory effects of epstein-barr, herpes simplex, and human herpes-6 viral infections and coinfections on cytokine synthesis. a comparative study. | herpesviruses such as ebv, hsv, and human herpes virus-6 (hhv-6) have a marked tropism for cells of the immune system and therefore infection by these viruses may result in alterations of immune functions, leading at times to a state of immunosuppression. we report the results of a comparative study in which we found that ebv, hsv-1, and hhv-6 act differentially on the immune system with regard to their effect on the synthesis of il-1 beta, il-6, and tnf-alpha, i.e., three immunoregulatory cytok ... | 1992 | 1318897 |
| recombination between a herpes simplex virus type 1 vector deleted for immediate early gene 3 and the infected cell genome. | we have used a vector derived from a herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mutant deleted for 3.6 kbp of the essential immediate early gene 3 to transduce the tn5 neomycin phosphotransferase (neor) gene into rodent and primate cells in culture. the transgene was flanked by genomic sequences from the human hprt gene. we demonstrate in this study that sequences introduced by infection with the replication-defective hsv vector can be stably inserted into the cell genome by recombination. both the eff ... | 1992 | 1318949 |
| merocyanine 540-sensitized photoinactivation of enveloped viruses in blood products: site and mechanism of phototoxicity. | the amphipathic dye, merocyanine 540 (mc540), which preferentially photosensitizes enveloped viruses and virus-infected cells, is currently being evaluated in preclinical models as a blood sterilizing agent. in this communication, we report on an initial analysis of the site and nature of mc540-mediated photodynamic damages to human herpes simplex virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus. the comigration of dye molecules and virions on a gel filtration column, the red-shift of the fluorescence emi ... | 1992 | 1319237 |
| 2-acetylpyridine thiocarbonohydrazones. potent inactivators of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase. | a series of 2-acetylpyridine thiocarbonohydrazones was synthesized for evaluation as potential antiherpetic agents. the compounds were prepared by the condensation of 2-acetylpyridine with thiocarbonohydrazide followed by treatment with isocyanates or isothiocyanates. many were found that were potent inactivators of ribonucleotide reductase encoded by hsv-1 and weaker inactivators of human enzyme. several thiocarbonohydrazones (e.g. 38 and 39) inactivated hsv-1 ribonucleotide reductase at rate c ... | 1992 | 1319497 |
| delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol decreases cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity to herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells. | the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-thc), the major psychoactive component of marijuana, on t lymphocyte functional competence against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) infection. spleen cells from c3h/hej (h-2k) mice primed with hsv1 and exposed to delta 9-thc were examined for anti-hsv1 cytolytic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity. flow cytometry was used to determine whether delta 9-thc altered t cytotoxic (lyt-2+) and t helper (l3t4+) lympho ... | 1992 | 1319584 |
| effects of in vivo depletion of immunocyte populations on herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d vaccine-induced resistance to hsv2 challenge. | balb/c mice, preimmunized with a protective dose of native herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d (ngd1) vaccine, were depleted of selected immunocyte populations in vivo using monoclonal antibodies directed at thy1+, l3t4+, or lyt2+ cells. following immunization and depletion, animals were inoculated with varied challenge levels of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv2) in the footpad and were monitored for disease. both depleted undepleted gd-immunized mice were significantly protected when co ... | 1992 | 1319710 |
| herpes simplex virus-1-specific human cytotoxic t lymphocytes are induced in vitro by autologous virus-infected mononuclear cells. | a new technique for in vitro activation of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) specific for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is described. autologous phytohemagglutinin (pha)-activated, hsv-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were used, after fixation with 1% paraformaldehyde, to activate virus-specific ctls in short-term cultures. the same unfixed pbmc were used as target cells in the cytotoxicity assay. by using this technique high levels of hsv-1-specific cytotoxic activity (50 ... | 1992 | 1319712 |
| the effect of the ul42 protein on the dna polymerase activity of the catalytic subunit of the dna polymerase encoded by herpes simplex virus type 1. | the effect that the ul42 protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 has on the dna polymerase activity of the dna polymerase catalytic subunit (pol) of the same virus has been investigated. the observed effects are critically dependent on the salt used and its concentration, such that the ul42 protein may inhibit, have little or no effect on, or activate the pol activity, depending on the condition used. the observed effects are due to the values for km(app) for activated dna and vmaxapp for pol and ... | 1992 | 1319931 |
| reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus by excimer laser photokeratectomy. | we tested whether excimer laser photorefractive and phototherapeutic keratectomy may reactivate latent herpes simplex and cause recurrent keratitis in mice. two of ten latently infected mice that were treated with ten excimer laser pulses to the corneal epithelium shed herpes simplex virus type 1, as did four of ten mice that were treated with 50 excimer laser pulses. ocular shedding of herpes simplex virus was detected in four of ten mice that were treated with ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid ... | 1992 | 1320329 |
| non-random chromosome rearrangements in herpes simplex virus type 1 transformed diploid chef cells. | the effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) on diploid, non-tumourigenic chinese hamster embryo fibroblasts (chef/18-1d-3) were studied. six independent lines transformed by hsv-1 alone or by hsv-1 in combination with acyclovir or aqueous tobacco extract were isolated. in contrast to uninfected chef/18-1d-3 cells, all transformants grew in soft agar and were tumourigenic in nude mice. neither infectious virus nor viral antigens could be detected in any of the lines. cytogenetic analysis r ... | 1992 | 1320359 |
| the herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein icp27 stimulates the transcription of cellular alu repeated sequences by increasing the activity of transcription factor tfiiic. | infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv) results in an increase in the transcription of the endogenous alu repeated sequence by rna polymerase iii. this effect is also observed in uninfected cells stably transformed with a plasmid expressing the hsv immediate-early protein icp27 or in cells transfected with the gene encoding this protein. both uninfected cells expressing icp27 and cells infected with virus producing functional icp27 display increased activity of the cellular transcription facto ... | 1992 | 1320373 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 infections: the fate of cns cells. | | 1992 | 1320507 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus type-2 dna and human papilloma virus dna sequences in cervical carcinoma tissue by molecular hybridization. | biopsy samples from one hundred and two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and tissues from twelve healthy normal cervical tissues (post hysterectomy) were examined for hsv-type 2 and hpv-11 dna sequences by molecular hybridization technique. in the carcinoma tissue extracts 53% contained hsv-2 dna, 27% -hsv-1-dna and 36% showed hpv-11 gene sequences while 5.7% were found to contain both hpv and hsv-2 dna. biopsies from healthy cervix were completely negative for hsv-2 a ... | 1992 | 1320668 |
| non-traumatic acquisition of herpes simplex virus infection through the eye. | primary ocular herpes is usually seen as a follicular conjunctivitis and blepharitis, with or without involvement of the cornea. it is unknown, however, to what extent asymptomatic and/or subclinical primary disease occurs, and whether primary ocular herpes follows direct droplet spread to the eye. previous models of murine ocular herpes have used trauma (scarification) to introduce virus into the cornea, producing disease which results in significant corneal scarring. to mimic a likely route of ... | 1992 | 1320925 |
| comparative evaluation of four commercially available monoclonal antibodies for culture confirmation of herpes simplex virus infection. | four fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled monoclonal antibody typing reagents were compared for intensity of fluorescence and sensitivity in confirming herpes simplex virus (hsv) in cell culture. a total of 125 (50 hsv type 1 [hsv-1] and 75 hsv-2) specimens positive for hsv were concurrently stained with type-specific monoclonal antibodies from bartels (bartels immunodiagnostic supplies, inc., bellevue, wash.), kallestad (pathfinder; kallestad diagnostics, chaska, minn.), diagnostic products corp ... | 1992 | 1321170 |
| identification of homologues to the human cytomegalovirus us22 gene family in human herpesvirus 6. | the sequence of 10079 bp corresponding to the overlapping sali h and smai g restriction fragments of the genome of human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) strain u1102 was determined. the sequence contains six complete open reading frames (orfs) and two incomplete orfs located at the 5' and 3' ends of the sali h and smai g fragments respectively. seven of these orfs have recognizable homologues only in the beta-herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), no obvious counterparts being detectable in the genomes ... | 1992 | 1321206 |
| identification and characterization of a 30k glycoprotein of herpes simplex virus type 2. | a herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) type-specific monoclonal antibody (mab), ch-a9, precipitated a glycoprotein with an m(r) of approximately 30,000 (g30k) from extracts of hsv-2-infected bhk cells labelled with [3h]leucine, [14c]fructose or [3h]glucosamine. the m(r) of this glycoprotein is lower than those of other hsv glycoproteins. immunoassays of bhk cells infected with hsv-1-hsv-2 intertypic recombinants localized the gene encoding the target antigen of mab ch-a9 to the unique long (ul) r ... | 1992 | 1321210 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of mouse astrocytes treated with basic fibroblast growth factor. | we explored a possible role for the basic fibroblast growth factor (fgf) receptor during herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection of primary mouse astrocytes, glial cells of the central nervous system known to express fgf receptors. plaque reduction experiments showed that treatment of astrocyte monolayers with human recombinant basic fgf failed to inhibit hsv-1 infectivity, although treatment with either heparin or poly-l-lysine reduced it by approximately 100%. identical results were obta ... | 1992 | 1321218 |
| identification of the glycoprotein h gene of murine cytomegalovirus. | partial sequencing of the hindiii c fragment of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) revealed an open reading frame of 2172 nucleotides in length encoding a 724 amino acid protein with a predicted mr of 80.4k. analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence revealed homology with glycoprotein h (gh) from a number of other herpesviruses. mcmv gh showed strongest amino acid identity with human (h) cmv and human herpesvirus 6 gh, and less identity with the gh protein sequences of epstein-barr virus, varicel ... | 1992 | 1321219 |
| posttranslational modification and subcellular localization of the p12 capsid protein of herpes simplex virus type 1. | we have previously shown that the 12-kda capsid protein (p12) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is a gamma 2 (true late) gene product encoded by the ul35 open reading frame (d. s. mcnabb and r. j. courtney, j. virol. 66:2653-2663, 1992). to extend the characterization of p12, we have investigated the posttranslational modifications and intracellular localization of the 12-kda polypeptide. these studies have demonstrated that p12 is modified by phosphorylation at serine and threonine residue ... | 1992 | 1321273 |