| elimination of ul56 gene by insertion of lacz cassette between nucleotide position 116030 to 121753 of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome abrogates intraperitoneal pathogenicity in tree shrews and mice. | in order to investigate whether or not the ul56 gene is involved in those processes determining the viral pathogenicity and latency, a recombinant virus hsv-1-m-lacz was constructed in which the dna sequences between nucleotide position (np) 116030 and 121753 were replaced by the e. coli beta-galactosidase (lacz) gene. this deletion spans from the carboxyterminus of ul55 (np 116030) to the second exon of ie110 (np 121753) eliminating ul56 and the variable region of the bamhi dna fragment b which ... | 1991 | 1662844 |
| targets of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in a mouse corneal model. | in animal models, spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) from epithelial replication sites to the peripheral and central nervous system is known from analysis of individually dissected tissues. to examine virus spread in undissociated tissues, corneas of adult mice were inoculated with hsv-1. after 1 to 13 days groups of mice were perfused with formalin, and decalcified blocks of head and neck were embedded in paraffin. at intervals, serial sections were screened for hsv antigen. on days ... | 1991 | 1662854 |
| discrimination of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 cerebral infections in a rat model. | a rat model was used to evaluate intertypic differences after intracranial (i.c.) inoculation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 strains with regard to neurovirulence and neuropathology, and influence of age on susceptibility. in adult rats, hsv-1 strains were more virulent than hsv-2 strains. hsv-1 replicated to higher titers in the central nervous system (cns) of rats, as compared with hsv-2. in rats of less than 2-3 weeks of age, hsv-1 and hsv-2 were equally virulent, but morphologic ... | 1991 | 1662855 |
| in vitro evaluation of the synergistic antiviral effects of acemannan in combination with azidothymidine and acyclovir. | the antiviral effects of selected combinations between acemannan (ace-m), a long-chained, polydispersed, beta-(1,4)-acetylated mannan, were tested in combination with azidothymidine (azt) and acyclovir (acy) in vitro. the rationale for such combinations was based on the antiviral and immunomodulatory properties exhibited by ace-m. in addition, the observed antiviral effects of ace-m against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and other enveloped viruses appear to be related to modificati ... | 1991 | 1662957 |
| computer-aided active-site-directed modeling of the herpes simplex virus 1 and human thymidine kinase. | thymidine kinase (tk), which is induced by herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1), plays a key role in the antiviral activity of guanine derivatives such as aciclovir (acv). in contrast, acv shows only low affinity to the corresponding host cell enzyme. in order to define the differences in substrate binding of the two enzymes on molecular level, models for the three-dimensional (3-d) structures of the active sites of hsv1-tk and human tk were developed. the reconstruction of the active sites of hsv1-tk ... | 1991 | 1663155 |
| amplification and characterization of herpesvirus dna in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with acute encephalitis. | a single pair of oligonucleotide primers selected within a highly conserved region of the dna polymerase gene of the herpesviruses was designed to amplify related viral genomes, i.e., herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, epstein-barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, by the polymerase chain reaction. a simple restriction enzyme analysis of these amplified products allowed accurate characterization of the herpesvirus type. ninety-nine cerebrospinal fluid samples from 36 patients (i ... | 1991 | 1663508 |
| different antiviral potencies of bv-arau and related nucleoside analogues against herpes simplex virus type 1 in human cell lines and vero cells. | antiviral potencies against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-e-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (bv-arau) and ten other nucleoside analogues in human embryonic lung fibroblast (hel) cells were compared with those in vero cells. 5-halogenovinylarabinosyluracils, highly active in hel cells, were inactive against all three laboratory-stocked strains of hsv-1 but exerted moderate antiviral effects on three clinical isolates in vero cells. the reduction in anti-hsv-1 potencies o ... | 1991 | 1663576 |
| phosphonylmethoxyalkyl purine and pyrimidine derivatives for treatment of opportunistic cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections in murine aids. | murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (maids) was induced in c57bl/6 mice following infection with the lp-bm5 retrovirus complex. infected mice developed splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and loss of b- and t-cell functions 100 days after virus inoculation. mice with aids were highly susceptible to opportunistic murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) infections. the therapeutic activities of two phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives, 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea ... | 1991 | 1663726 |
| effects of phosphonylmethoxyalkyl-purine and -pyrimidine derivatives on tk+ and tk- hsv-1 keratitis in rabbits. | the phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives hpmpa [(s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine], hpmpc [(s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine] and pmea [9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine] were evaluated as 0.2% eyedrops for their efficacy in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) keratitis in the rabbit model. bvdu 0.2% eyedrops were used as the reference treatment. hpmpa, hpmpc, pmea and bvdu eyedrops showed a rapid and highly significant healing eff ... | 1991 | 1663731 |
| evidence for selective evolution in codon usage in conserved amino acid segments of human alphaherpesvirus proteins. | the genomes of human viruses herpes simplex 1 (hsv1) and varicella zoster (vzv), although similar in biology, largely concordant in gene order, and identical in many amino acid segments, differ widely in their genomic g + c (abbreviated s) content, which is high in hsv1 (68%) and low in vzv (46%). this paper analyzes several striking codon usage contrasts. the s difference in coding regions is dramatically large in codon site 3, s3, about 42%. the large difference in s3 is maintained at the same ... | 1991 | 1663999 |
| live vaccinia virus recombinants expressing herpes simplex virus genes. | vaccinia virus recombinants expressing antigens from herpes simplex virus (hsv) have been tested as potential live virus vaccines for prevention of hsv infection. we describe three vaccinia virus/hsv recombinants. the first expresses the hsv-1 glycoprotein d (vaccinia/gd), the second expresses the hsv-1 glycoprotein b (vaccinia/gb), and the third expresses both the hsv-1 glycoprotein d and the influenza a hemagglutinin (vaccinia/hsvgd/influenza). mice immunized with vaccinia/gd or vaccinia/gb de ... | 1991 | 1664124 |
| development of a herpes simplex virus subunit glycoprotein vaccine for prophylactic and therapeutic use. | a herpes simplex virus subunit vaccine has been tested for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in animal models. the vaccine is a mixture of the viral glycoproteins gb and gd expressed in mammalian cells as secreted carboxyl terminal truncated derivatives. the antigens have been combined with several adjuvants, including a lipophilic derivative of a muramyl tripeptide, mtp-pe, and administered in a stable, low-oil emulsion. titers of antibody that are threefold to 15-fold greater than those o ... | 1991 | 1664126 |
| membrane-associated antigens of herpes simplex virus. | a brief overview is presented concerning the membrane-associated antigens of herpes simplex viruses (hsv). aspects discussed include certain properties and functional roles of the hsv-specific glycoproteins. in addition, recent findings of an association between certain immediate-early proteins of hsv-1 and the tegument of virions as well as the plasma membrane of virus-infected cells are discussed. | 1991 | 1664128 |
| immune responses to herpes simplex virus in guinea pigs (footpad model) and mice immunized with vaccinia virus recombinants containing herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d. | vaccinia virus recombinants containing the herpes simplex virus (hsv) gene for glycoprotein d type 1 (gd-1) under control of an early (vp176) or late (vp254) vaccinia virus promoter or for hsv glycoprotein type 2 (gd-2) under control of the early promoter (vp221) were studied for their ability to induce protective immunity to hsv-2 in the guinea pig model of cutaneous recurrent disease and the mouse model of fatal disease. titers of hsv-specific neutralizing antibody were similar in the two grou ... | 1991 | 1664130 |
| [temperature-sensitive clones of herpes simplex virus type 1 from laboratory and clinical strains. i. cloning and basic pathogenetic and immunogenic properties]. | two hsv-1 strains were used in the study: mcintyre laboratory strain and "eye" strain isolated from a patient. temperature-sensitive clone of hsv-1 was isolated from mcintyre strain as a consequence of virus replication carried out at lowered temperature (28 degrees c). temperature-resistant clones were obtained from both strains through passages at 39 degrees c and through heating for four times at 45 degrees c. pathogenic properties of the temperature clones obtained were determined in inbred ... | 1991 | 1664472 |
| identification of the thymidine kinase gene of infectious laryngotracheitis virus. | an an initial step in the development of a recombinant poultry infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) vaccine, we report on the identification, cloning, and sequencing of a thymidine kinase (tk) gene from a virulent u.s. field isolate of iltv. degenerate oligonucleotide primers for the consensus nucleotide (atp) binding site and the nucleoside (thymidine) binding site of other herpesvirus tk genes were used in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify a fragment of iltv dna. the 344-base ... | 1991 | 1664722 |
| antiviral activity of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and related drugs in human keratinocytes infected in vitro with herpes simplex virus type 1. | 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (iudr) is a potent topical antiviral agent in experimental animals but is less active in man for treating cutaneous viral infections. we have shown here that iudr is 5 times less active in human keratinocytes infected in vitro with herpes simplex virus type 1 than in guinea pig embryo cells infected in culture. to account, in part, for this difference in activity of iudr, we measured the capacity of these different cultures to catabolize and thus inactivate the drug. iudr ... | 1991 | 1665069 |
| the role of cyclic nucleotide mediators in latency and reactivation of hsv-1 infected neuroblastoma cells. | the mechanisms that control herpes simplex virus type 1 latency and reactivation are still poorly understood. we developed an in vitro murine neuroblastoma cell hsv-infected, acyclovir suppressed model to study the influence of different cyclic nucleotide mediators on the latency and reactivation of hsv-1. a positive cdna 'in situ' hybridisation for hsv genome was used to prove the establishment of a viral-host cell nuclear relationship. an abc-immunoperoxidase reaction to cell surface hsv matur ... | 1991 | 1665422 |
| [herpes simplex virus retinitis. role of the immune system in the animal experiment]. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) can induce severe inflammation in the retina. von szily described a model in which anterior chamber injection of hsv results in anterior uveitis with relative protection of the retina, but contralateral retinitis. the role of the immune system in the von szily mouse model was investigated in our experiments. earlier experiments demonstrated resistance to contralateral retinitis in some mouse strains. our results suggest that natural killer (nk) cells do not play an imp ... | 1991 | 1665474 |
| identification and comparative sequence analysis of a gene in equine herpesvirus 1 with homology to the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d gene. | a homologue of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d gene has been identified in the genome of equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1, equine abortion virus). an open reading frame in the middle of the short unique (us) region is capable of encoding a polypeptide of 402 amino acids that has 26% and 20% of its residues matching pseudorabies virus (prv) gp50 and hsv-1 gd, respectively. despite this low level of similarity, the positional identity of six cysteine residues and certain motifs, and the l ... | 1991 | 1665613 |
| identification of the infectious laryngotracheitis virus glycoprotein gb gene by the polymerase chain reaction. | the infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) homologue of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein b (gb) gene was identified by pcr amplification of genomic iltv dna. a 488-bp amplified dna fragment was used to identify and clone two adjacent psti fragments from genomic iltv dna. sequence analysis of the region surrounding the amplified fragment identified a 2619-bp open reading frame that has 39% homology with both the nucleotide and amino-acid sequences of the hsv-1 gb gene. nort ... | 1991 | 1665614 |
| [immunoelectron microscopic localization of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d in infected culture cells using the indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody method]. | ultrastructural localization of herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d was studied using hsv infected monolayers of rabbit corneal cells. the pre-embedding indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody method was employed. immediately after viral adsorption, deposits of reaction products were seen on the viral envelope. the cytoplasmic membrane showed focal positive staining at the sites of virus attachment. at 1 hour after infection, reaction products were found on the envelope of the virus in the ph ... | 1991 | 1665678 |
| action spectra of the antileukemic and antiviral activities of merocyanine 540. | action spectra of the antileukemic and antiviral activities of merocyanine 540 (mc540) were determined using l1210 leukemia cells and human herpes simplex virus type 1. the major peak of both action spectra aligned closely with the absorption spectrum of membrane-bound dye monomer, and by implication, the action spectrum of 1o2 generation. these results are compatible with the notion that the antileukemic and antiviral activities of mc540 are primarily attributable to membrane-bound monomer and ... | 1991 | 1665914 |
| potentiating effect of ribavirin on the anti-herpes activity of acyclovir. | the combined antiviral effects of acyclovir (acv) and ribavirin (rbv) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and pseudorabies virus (prv) in cell cultures and on experimental hsv-1 keratitis in rabbits were studied. the antiviral activity in vitro was based on cytopathogenicity inhibition and yield reduction. the combination of the two drugs exhibited synergy as evaluated graphically (isobolograms). rbv also potentiated the antiviral effect of acv in vivo, in the experimental hsv-1 keratitis mod ... | 1991 | 1665959 |
| vmw65 phosphorothioate oligonucleotides inhibit hsv kos replication and vmw65 protein synthesis. | phosphorothioate-modified oligomers have been shown to be more stable than natural oligomers to serum and cellular nucleases. for this reason we used these analogs to explore the utility of antisense molecules as potential antiviral agents. the oligomers we studied are complementary to the initiation region of the vmw65 (alpha-tif) gene of hsv-1 which is important both for its structural role and in the transactivation of the alpha genes of hsv. our results demonstrate that vmw65-specific oligom ... | 1991 | 1665960 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 replication in vitro by mercurithio analogs of deoxyuridine. | the in vitro antiviral activity of several 5-mercurithio analogs of 2'-deoxyuridine (durd) on the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) were examined. of those compounds tested, the thioglycerol analog of 5-mercuri-2'-deoxyuridine (hgdurd) was most effective in inhibiting the replication of hsv-1 in kb cells with a 50% inhibitory dose (id50) of 0.001 micrograms/ml while the glutathione analog of hgdurd was the most effective in inhibiting the replication of hsv-2 with ... | 1991 | 1665962 |
| the induction of interferon-alpha and interferon-beta mrna in human natural interferon-producing blood leukocytes requires de novo protein synthesis. | the induction of interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) and ifn-beta mrna in natural ifn producing (nip) cells in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), stimulated by glutaraldehyde-fixed herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv)-infected wish cells, was studied. the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (chx) totally prevented the appearance of both ifn-alpha and ifn-beta mrna, also in cultures supplemented with a conditioned medium (cm) assumed to contain soluble factors necessary for ... | 1991 | 1666118 |
| herpes simplex virus latency in the nervous system--a new model. | permissive herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection in tissue culture results in host cell destruction. latent hsv infection in vivo occurs in neurons of peripheral sensory ganglia (psg) and it therefore can not take place in neurons in which the virus has completed a lytic replication cycle similar to that present in vitro. our hypothesis, based on experimental data and observations in humans, suggests that establishment of latent infection and reactivation of hsv-1 does not involve neuronal cell l ... | 1991 | 1666173 |
| virological and clinical characteristics of human herpesvirus 6. | six distinct human herpesviruses have been identified. they include herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), cytomegalovirus (cmv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), epstein-barr virus and the recently described human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6). with the exception of hsv-2, the members of the family are ubiquitous and infect most of the human population in the first decade of life. hhv-6 possesses morphological and structural features characteristic of members from the herpesvirus family ... | 1991 | 1666441 |
| vaccination against herpesvirus, fiction or reality? | against herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) there are commercially available vaccines which may induce protection against symptoms of primary infections, but not against establishment of latency. effective animal vaccines have been developed against herpes simplex-like viruses, for example pseudorabies vaccine for pigs, and an experimental vaccine can protect cattle against infection with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus. there are also commercially available effective live vaccines again ... | 1991 | 1666442 |
| direct virus inactivation of tachyplesin i and its isopeptides from horseshoe crab hemocytes. | direct virus inactivation of tachyplesin i and related isopeptides, which are antimicrobial peptides isolated from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab (tachypleus tridentatus and limulus polyphemus), was examined against several viruses. vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was inactivated by incubation with tachyplesin i and its isopeptides. influenza a (h1n1) virus was slightly inactivated by tachyplesin i, whereas herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, adenovirus 1, reovirus 2 and poliovirus 1 were resist ... | 1991 | 1666545 |
| suppression of ocular herpes recurrences by a thymidine kinase inhibitor in squirrel monkeys. | 5'-ethynylthymidine, an inhibitor of viral thymidine kinase (tk), was given intraperitoneally to squirrel monkeys previously infected by the ocular route with rodanus strain herpes simplex virus. spontaneous ocular recurrences were reduced during therapy, compared to saline-treated controls. this is the first in vivo demonstration that a viral tk inhibitor can reduce recurrences of hsv-1. similar benefit would be expected for hsv-2 and perhaps vzv (varicella zoster virus). | 1991 | 1666825 |
| sequence characteristics of a gene in equine herpesvirus 1 homologous to glycoprotein h of herpes simplex virus. | a gene in equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1, equine abortion virus) homologous to the glycoprotein h gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv) was identified and characterised by its nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence. the ehv-1 gh gene is located at 0.47-0.49 map units and contains an open reading frame capable of specifying a polypeptide of 848 amino acids, including n- and c-terminal hydrophobic domains consistent with signal and membrane anchor regions respectively, and 11 potential sites for n-g ... | 1991 | 1666854 |
| native hsv glycoprotein d subunit vaccine: analysis of in vitro t-cell activation and antigen presentation. | native herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d (ngd1) subunit vaccine, a potential human vaccine candidate, was examined to determine responsive murine lymphocyte populations in vitro. this vaccine preparation has been shown to protect against hsv challenge in mice and guinea pigs and to elicit humoral and cellular responses in rodents and primates. immunized balb/c mice were used in splenocyte lymphoproliferative studies to analyze the cellular response. after in vivo sensitization, the in vi ... | 1991 | 1667262 |
| [search for antimetabolites among 5-trimethylsilyluracil nucleosides and their nonglycoside analogs]. | the reaction of 2'-deoxy-5-trimethylsilyl(tms)uridine with methanesulfonyl chloride led to the corresponding 3',5'-di-o-mesyl derivative, which was treated with lithium toluylate in dmf to give 2,3'-anhydro-1-(2-deoxy-5-o-p-toluyl-beta-d-xylofurano- syl)-5-tms-uracil. under these conditions 1-(2,3-dideoxy-5-o-p-toluyl-alpha-d- glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl)-5-tms-uracil was obtained from 1-(2-deoxy-alpha-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-tms-uracil. interaction of 2,3'-anhydronucleoside with lin3 in dmf and succ ... | 1991 | 1667356 |
| isolation and typing of herpes simplex virus from clinical specimens collected at national taiwan university hospital, 1981-1990. | from 1981 to 1990, 10,167 clinical specimens were collected at national taiwan university hospital from the cases with suspected viral infections. three hundred of herpes simplex virus (hsv) were isolated from these samples (isolation rate; 3.0%). one hundred and fifty-one strains were isolated from non-genital, and 149 strains from genital areas. hsv strains were typed by direct immunofluorescence staining technique. the type specific monoclonal antibodies were used in the test. most of the hsv ... | 1991 | 1667988 |
| the use of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. | | 1991 | 1668696 |
| characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna during latent infection in mice. | micrococcal nuclease digestion technique in combination with spot-blotting hybridization have been used for the characterization of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna in mouse brainstems. two kinds of samples were used i.e. undigested dna from mouse brainstems and dna after prolonged digestion (i.e. for 30 minutes) with micrococcal nuclease from the same source. each sample contained 5 micrograms of dna (concentration was measured after digestion with micrococcal nuclease and isolati ... | 1991 | 1668805 |
| localization of p53, retinoblastoma and host replication proteins at sites of viral replication in herpes-infected cells. | replication of dna occurs at discrete sites in eukaryotic cell nuclei, where replication proteins are clustered into large complexes, or 'replicases'. similarly, viral dna replication is a highly structured process, notably in herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1; reviewed in ref. 4) in which large globular 'replication compartments' containing the viral replication machinery exist. replicating cellular dna redistributes to these compartments upon hsv-1 infection. we have now used antibodies raise ... | 1991 | 1671528 |
| productive infection of cd4+ and cd8+ mature human t cell populations and clones by human herpesvirus 6. transcriptional down-regulation of cd3. | the susceptibility to infection by human herpes-virus 6 (hhv-6) of mature human t lymphocytes belonging to the two major subpopulations (i.e., cd3+ cd4+ cd8- and cd3+ cd4- cd8+) was investigated by using cd4+ or cd8+ t cell populations and clones derived from normal adult peripheral blood. productive hhv-6 infection was observed in both cd4+ and cd8+ t cells. by days 2 to 6 after infection, increasing numbers of cells exhibited characteristic morphologic alterations, becoming enlarged, uniformly ... | 1991 | 1677024 |
| homogeneity and diversity of genome polymorphism in a set of herpes simplex virus type 1 strains classified as the same genotypic group. | restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of 327 strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) isolated in japan were analyzed using six restriction endonucleases (res) recognizing 6 base pairs (bamhi, hindiii, kpni, pvuii, sali, xhoi). the presence of strains with the same rflp profile became evident. fifteen strains of each of the two predominant sets with the same rflp profile were further analyzed using two different methods, that is analyses of rflp using 3 restriction endonucleases ... | 1991 | 1677803 |
| defective neutrophil and lymphocyte function in leucocyte adhesion deficiency. | we report a chinese girl with the moderate phenotype of leucocyte adhesion deficiency (lad), presenting with persistent omphalitis and recurrent soft tissue infections. she had subnormal adhesion-dependent neutrophil functions, such as chemotaxis and chemiluminescence response to a particulate stimulant (opsonised zymosan). despite her adequate humoral response to documented herpes simplex virus type 1, parainfluenza type 2 and adenovirus infection in vivo, there was marked impairment in the gen ... | 1991 | 1677833 |
| concurrent regeneration of t lymphocytes and susceptibility to hsv-1 corneal stromal disease. | in these studies, mice were simultaneously depleted of cd4 and cd8 t lymphocytes (t cell-depleted) by weekly intraperitoneal injections of rat monoclonal antibodies specific for l3t4 and lyt-2 respectively, beginning 1 day before topical corneal infection with kos herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). control mice were mock-depleted by weekly injections of saline. all mice developed dendritic epithelial lesions 2-3 days after infection, which healed within 2 days. fifty percent of the mock-deplet ... | 1991 | 1677883 |
| augmentation of cellular immune function during the early phase of zidovudine treatment of aids patients. | twenty-five patients with aids in aids clinical trials group protocol 002 were treated with either low or high dosages of zidovudine. this resulted in moderate, transient increases by 10 and 20 weeks in lymphocyte blastogenesis and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production in vitro in response to phytohemagglutinin with and without recombinant interleukin-2. immune responses to cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 antigens were augmented less frequently during therapy. natural killer (n ... | 1991 | 1680135 |
| serological responses to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot (wb). | serological response of 56 patients to primary and recurrent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and by western blot analysis (wb). elisa test showed a high sensitivity in detecting igg, igm, and iga antibodies. from 27 patients with recurrent infection, 13 (48%) had igm antibody. the percentage of patients positive for iga was similar among those with primary (72.4%) or recurrent (81%) infection. the band pattern in wb alone di ... | 1991 | 1681709 |
| differential susceptibility of a rat glioma cell line and its clones to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | a rat glioma cell line, c6-bu-1, showed differential susceptibility to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), namely, all the hsv-1 strains tested so far persisted in this cell line but the hsv-2 strains did not. two clones were derived from c6-bu-1 cells and designated c-17 and c-72. the c-72 as well as the parental c6-bu-1 cells supported the replication of hsv-1, but not that of hsv-2. in contrast, c-17 was highly resistant to both hsv-1 and hsv-2. hydrocortisone treatment co ... | 1991 | 1681710 |
| type-common and type-specific monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | seventeen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reacting specifically with the cells infected with herpes simplex viruses type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) were characterized by a variety of immunological tests such as radioimmunoprecipitation, immunoblotting and virus-neutralization. the majority of mabs was directed against glycoprotein b (anti-gb), six reacted with glycoprotein c (anti-gc) and one with glycoprotein g (anti-gg). six anti-gb mabs reacted with both types of hsv (anti-gb-1,2), two anti-gb ... | 1991 | 1681713 |
| the synthesis of the major dna-binding protein (icp8) in cells infected with the strain hszp or kos of herpes simplex virus type 1. | synthesis of the major dna-binding protein (icp8) was investigated in primary rabbit kidney (rk) and vero cells infected with the syncytial (syn) strain hszp or with the non-syn strain kos of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). results showed the following: 1. in contrast to strain kos, the rate of viral polypeptide synthesis was accelerated in vero cells infected with strain hszp. the icp8 could be detected in the nuclei of cells by one hour post-infection (hr p. i.) where it became associated ... | 1991 | 1683115 |
| transneuronal labeling of neurons in rabbit brain after injection of herpes simplex virus type 1 into the aortic depressor nerve. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) was injected into either the aortic depressor nerve or the vagus nerve in the rabbit. four or 5 days after injection of virus, the rabbit brain was processed immunohistochemically to demonstrate viral antigen. after injection into the aortic nerve hsv1 positive cells were found principally ipsilaterally within the nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, caudal and rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata, the spinal trigeminal complex, raphe nuclei, a5 area, ... | 1991 | 1685933 |
| pathogenicity and latency competence for rabbits of the herpes simplex virus type 1 angpath gc and ge defective mutants. | a total of 139 rabbits was infected to the right scarified cornea with hsv type 1 strains kupka, ang, angpath and their ge defective (angpathi2-4), gc defective (angpathgc18), gc/ge negative (angpathci-8) and gc/icp4 deletion (angpathy1) mutants. strains ang, angpath, angpathgc18 and angpathy1 were, in contrast to the two ge negative mutants, highly lethal, but 79% of rabbits infected with the non-encephalitogenic kupka strain survived. strain kupka and strain angpath ge-negative mutants i2-4 an ... | 1991 | 1688077 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus in the ependyma of experimentally infected mice. | forty-five swiss albino mice were inoculated with hsv-1 (strain mckrae) by the corneal route. the spread of hsv to the brain stem and the ventricular ependyma was investigated. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect hsv-dna in the csf during the course of infection. the ependyma of the third and fourth ventricle and the central canal contained viral antigen at a late stage of infection in up to 60% of mice. at this stage we found that many animals gave a positive pcr in the csf a ... | 1991 | 1688078 |
| immunological cross-reactivity between mimicking epitopes on a virus protein and a human autoantigen depends on a single amino acid residue. | recently we identified a novel autoantigenic region in the alpha chain of the human acetylcholine receptor (huachr), residues 160-167 (p. l. schwimmbeck, t. dyrberg, d. b. drachman, and m. b. a. oldstone, j. clin. invest., in press). antibodies to that sequence appeared in the sera of a subset of patients with myasthenia gravis (mg) and affinity-purified antibody was biologically active for an in vitro assay of the huachr. sequence homology between the autoantigen and two separate regions of her ... | 1990 | 1688524 |
| characterization of the antigenic structure of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c through dna sequence analysis of monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants. | earlier studies of a group of monoclonal antibody-resistant (mar) mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c (gc) operationally defined two distinct antigenic sites on this molecule, each consisting of numerous overlapping epitopes. in this report, we further define epitopes of gc by sequence analysis of the mar mutant gc genes. in 18 mar mutants studied, the mar phenotype was associated with a single nucleotide substitution and a single predicted amino acid change. the mutations were ... | 1990 | 1688628 |
| flow cytometric analysis of virus-infected cells and its potential use for screening antiviral agents. | virus-infected cells were analyzed using multiparameter flow cytometry. two virus-cell systems were investigated: hsv-1-infected vf cells and influenza c virus jhb/1/66-infected mdck cells. analysis included the measurement of the appearance of virus specific antigens. on individual cells, with polyclonal antibodies, antigens were first detected at 12 h p.i., and the numbers of labeled cells were followed up to 96 h p.i. the efficacy of four antiviral agents was tested with this system. the resu ... | 1990 | 1691199 |
| activity of herpes simplex virus type 1-specified glycoprotein c antigenic site ii epitopes reversibly modulated by peripheral fucose or galactose units of glycoprotein oligosaccharides. | we have previously shown that the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-specified glycoprotein c (gc-1) produced in epitheloid cells contains epitopes of peptide nature, which are dependent on galactose of oligosaccharides for their expression. in the present communication we report that these epitopes are expressed in a mouse neuroblastoma cell line (c1300) with low levels of galactosyl transferases. however, in place of galactose the glycoprotein from c1300 cells was found to contain oligosaccha ... | 1990 | 1691270 |
| evidence that hiv-1 gag precursor shares antigenic sites with the major capsid protein of human cytomegalovirus. | a rabbit antiserum prepared against disrupted sucrose-banded hiv-1 virus (strain fre-3) reacted with antigens present in nuclear inclusions, pathognomonic for human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). this cross-reactivity was observed in autopsy specimens from individuals infected with cmv, in the presence or absence of co-infection with hiv-1. a towbin immunoassay showed that the serum reacted specifically with the hcmv major capsid protein (mcp, 153 kda), both in the nuclear fraction of infected cells an ... | 1990 | 1691565 |
| topical delivery of liposomally encapsulated interferon evaluated by in vitro diffusion studies. | the topical delivery of several liposomal interferon formulations was evaluated by in vitro diffusion experiments in an effort to understand the effects of liposomal composition and method of preparation on the deposition of interferon into the stratum corneum and deeper strata of the skin. application of liposomes prepared from lipids with a composition similar to that of the stratum corneum resulted in almost twice the amount of interferon being deposited in the deeper skin layers than did app ... | 1990 | 1691613 |
| conserved epitopes of simian herpesvirus sa 8 and bovine herpesvirus type 2. | some major structural components of simian herpesvirus sa 8 were analyzed and the relationship of sa 8 with hsv-1 and especially with bhv-2 was further characterized using a panel of sa 8- and bhv-2-specific monoclonal antibodies directed against gb, gd, ge, and icp 8. it could be shown that sa 8 and bhv-2 expressed gb-1 equivalents, which differ in electrophoretic mobility, but share common epitopes with hsv-1. the antigenic determinants were detectable in the cytoplasm, on the surface of infec ... | 1990 | 1691622 |
| mapping of 10 epitopes on bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoproteins gi and giii. | in order to map some of the immunologically important sites on bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), deleted, truncated, and hybrid forms of glycoproteins gi and giii were expressed in transfected murine lmtk- cells. the cells were tested for reactivity with a panel of 16 gi- or giii-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) possessing conformation-independent antigen binding properties. this panel represented five epitopes on gi and five epitopes on giii. for gi, two epitopes were mapped between resid ... | 1990 | 1691884 |
| selective virus inhibitors. | our recent efforts have been directed at the development of selective inhibitors of different classes of viruses, including adeno, pox, and herpesviruses [herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), varicella-zoster (vzv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv)], (+/-)rna viruses (reo- and rotavirus), (-)rna viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, measles, respiratory syncytial, vesicular stomatitis and rabies virus) and retroviruses [i.e. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the ... | 1990 | 1693749 |
| identification of a site on herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d that is essential for infectivity. | herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d (gd) plays an essential role during penetration of the virus into cells. there is evidence that it recognizes a specific receptor after initial attachment of virions to cell surface heparan sulfate and also that gd-1, gd-2, and gp50 (the pseudorabies virus gd homolog) bind to the same receptor. although the antigenic structure of gd has been studied intensively, little is known about functional regions of the protein. antigenic site i is a major target for neu ... | 1990 | 1695252 |
| differential regulation of endogenous and transduced beta-globin genes during infection of erythroid cells with a herpes simplex virus type 1 recombinant. | we infected murine erythroleukemia cells with a nondefective herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 recombinant bearing the rabbit beta-globin gene under the control of its own promoter, in order to compare the regulation of a cellular gene residing in the viral genome to that of its active endogenous counterpart. we found that the viral globin gene was activated by hsv immediate-early polypeptides, whereas expression of the endogenous beta-globin gene was strongly suppressed: transcription was great ... | 1990 | 1695257 |
| identification of an hsv-1/hsv-2 cross-reactive t cell determinant. | the results from a number of studies have documented that the hsv glycoprotein gd is an important target for neutralizing antibodies. in contrast, little is known about the th cell determinants present on hsv that are required for anti hsv gd antibody production. in our study we have immunized balb/c mice with a recombinant source of hsv-1 gd lacking the carboxyl-terminal 93 amino acids. t cell hybridomas produced from the immunized animals recognized a single antigenic peptide (amino acids 246- ... | 1990 | 1697879 |
| in-vitro synthesis of functional varicella zoster and herpes simplex viral thymidine kinase. | the varicella zoster virus (vzv) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) thymidine kinase (tk) genes were cloned into the transcription vector pgem4. in-vitro translation (ivt) of rna transcribed from these genes showed prominent expression of functional tk proteins with the expected molecular weights of 36 kd for vzv and 43, 39, and 38 kd for hsv-1. the tk proteins were recognized by rabbit anti-vzv and anti-hsv-1 antibodies, respectively. analysis of the ivt products by thin-layer chromatograp ... | 1990 | 1698324 |
| optic nerve involvement in viral spread in herpes simplex virus type 1 retinitis. | colchicine was used to block fast axonal transport of the optic nerve of the uninjected eye after uniocular anterior chamber inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the results of these experiments suggest that second-wave virus is transported to the retina of the uninjected contralateral eye through the optic nerve of the uninjected eye, since intravitreal treatment with colchicine reduced both the viral titer and prevalence of animals with histopathologic evidence of retinitis. the ... | 1990 | 1698742 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1-specific immunity induced by peptides corresponding to an antigenic site of glycoprotein b. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) envelope glycoproteins are the prime targets of adaptive antiviral immunity. previous investigation identified a protective, neutralizing, glycoprotein b1 (gb-1)-reactive monoclonal antibody (mab b6) and localized the linear epitope recognized by the mab to residue 84 of gb-1. three overlapping peptides (two 20-mers and one 18-mer), together spanning amino acids 63 to 110 of the wild-type sequence of gb-1, were synthesized and analyzed for their ability to stimulate im ... | 1990 | 1698994 |
| acyclic nucleotide analogues: synthesis, antiviral activity and inhibitory effects on some cellular and virus-encoded enzymes in vitro. | several n-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) (hpmp) and n-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) (pme) derivatives of purine bases (adenine, guanine, 2-aminoadenine, 3-deazaadenine) and cytosine inhibit the growth of various dna viruses. pme-derivatives (pmea, pmeg and pmedap) are also active against retroviruses. both types of nucleotide analogues undergo phosphorylation by cellular nucleotide kinases to their mono- and diphosphates. the phosphorylation with crude extracts of l-1210 cells is potenti ... | 1990 | 1699493 |
| virucidal activity of hypericin against enveloped and non-enveloped dna and rna viruses. | hypericin is a polycyclic anthrone first isolated from the plant st. johnswort and was shown to have dramatic anti-retroviral activity against friend leukemia virus and radiation leukemia virus in mice. hypericin displayed marginal activity (ic50 = 6 micrograms/ml) against moloney murine leukemia virus (mo-mulv) in vitro. hypericin did not display selective antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus, influenza a, adenovirus, or poliovirus. the 50% cytotoxic concentration was approximately 2 ... | 1990 | 1699494 |
| effect of acyl substituents of synthetic lipid a-subunit analogues on their immunomodulating antiviral activity. | a chemically synthesized lipid a-subunit analogue, gla-60, 2-deoxy-4-o-phosphono-2-[(3r)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-3-o-[(3r)- 3- tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-d-glucose, has many of the activities of endotoxin but has little toxicity. then, compounds with various lengths of acyl side chain of the acyloxyacyl group at the 3-o position of gla-60 were synthesized and evaluated for interferon (ifn)-inducing activity, natural killer (nk) cell activation and antiviral activity. the compounds with acy ... | 1990 | 1699495 |
| monocyte-mediated lysis of hiv-infected tumor cells. | peripheral blood monocytes (pbm) can selectively lyse malignant or virus-infected cells. we investigated the effects of target cell infection with hiv-1 on pbm cytolytic function. cytokine-activated pbm lysed uninfected, hsv-1-infected or vaccinia virus-infected tumor cells, but did not lyse the same cell lines when infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). hiv did not impair pbm viability, and actinomycin d (act d) pretreatment of hiv-infected target cells restored their su ... | 1990 | 1699572 |
| natural killer cellular cytotoxicity against herpes simplex virus-infected cells in igh-1-disparate mice. | susceptibility to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) stromal keratitis (hsk) in the mouse has previously been linked to the igh-1 locus. the role of natural killer cells (nk) in resistance to viral infections is controversial. the authors studied the influence of the igh-1 locus on in vitro murine nk activity against hsv-1 infected cell lines. the hsv-1 infected targets were lysed better than uninfected cells by murine splenic lymphocytes. strain had no influence on virus-augmented cell lysis. ... | 1990 | 1700771 |
| individual nk cell clones lyse both tumor cell targets and herpes simplex virus-infected fibroblasts in the absence of interferon. | the target specificity of natural killer (nk) cells for either tumor cells or virus-infected cells has been investigated. lymphocyte clones with the surface phenotype of nk cells (cd3-, cd16+) were obtained by limiting dilution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with pha, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), or varicella-zoster antigens. clones were maintained in media with recombinant interleukin 2 (il-2). both nk-sensitive (k562 cells) and nk-resistant (raji cells) targets were l ... | 1990 | 1701642 |
| mutations in conformation-dependent domains of herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein b affect the antigenic properties, dimerization, and transport of the molecule. | glycoprotein b (gb) is a component of the herpes simplex virus 1 envelope that is required for penetration of virions into cells. we constructed 11 mutants in the gb gene by deleting the carboxy terminus of the molecule, inserting linkers into the ectodomain and intracellular region, and creating point mutations in cysteine residues. to identify regions of the molecule that affect the formation of epitopes on gb, we cloned the mutated genes into a eukaryotic expression vector, transfected them i ... | 1991 | 1701945 |
| in vivo protective effect of tumour necrosis factor alpha against experimental infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. | c57bl/6 mice, which differ genetically from other strains by their resistance to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection, were inoculated intraperitoneally with different doses of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha). mice pretreated with 100 ng, or even 10 ng, of tnf-alpha showed prolonged survival compared to control mice that were infected with 10(7) p.f.u. of hsv-1. significant protection was observed in mice injected 4 or 8 h prior to or after hsv-1 inoculation, respectively. prot ... | 1991 | 1703559 |
| induction of protective immunity with antibody to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein h (gh) and analysis of the immune response to gh expressed in recombinant vaccinia virus. | passive administration of neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) to glycoprotein h (gh) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was found to protect mice from an hsv-1 strain sc16 challenge infection. to investigate further the protective potential of gh, recombinant vaccinia viruses were constructed which expressed the hsv-1 gh open reading frame under the control of the vaccinia virus 7.5k early/late promoter or the 4b late promoter. immunization with recombinant viruses, however, did not induc ... | 1991 | 1704412 |
| antigenic and structural properties of mutants in herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein b. | | 1990 | 1705078 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid). | | 1990 | 1705079 |
| antiretroviral activity, biochemistry, and pharmacokinetics of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine. | 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine (cs-92, azddmec) is an antiviral nucleoside analogue structurally related to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt). cs-92 is a potent and selective inhibitor of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase and hiv-1 replication in human lymphocytes and macrophages. the ec50 for cs-92 in hiv-1-infected human pbm cells was 0.09 microm. in hiv-1-infected human macrophages, the ec50 was 0.006 microm. this compound was also effective against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in ly ... | 1990 | 1706574 |
| studies on glycoprotein 13 (gp13) of equid herpesvirus 1 using affinity-purified gp13, glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and synthetic peptides in a hamster model. | hamsters were immunized with either an affinity-purified preparation of equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) glycoprotein 13 (gp13) or synthetic peptides representing three sequences within the homologous glycoprotein of ehv-4, resulting in the production of anti-peptide (in the case of peptide-immunized animals) or antivirus antibodies. the sera from gp13-immunized hamsters contained antibodies which showed virus-neutralizing activity and complement-mediated antibody lysis of ehv-1-infected target cells ... | 1991 | 1707948 |
| characterization and sequence analyses of antibody-selected antigenic variants of herpes simplex virus show a conformationally complex epitope on glycoprotein h. | thirteen antigenic variants of herpes simplex virus which were resistant to neutralization by monoclonal antibody 52s or lp11 were isolated and characterized. the antibodies in the absence of complement potently neutralize infectivity of wild-type virus as well as inhibit the transfer of virus from infected to uninfected cells ("plaque inhibition") and decrease virus-induced cell fusion by syncytial strains. the first variant isolated arose in vivo. of 66 type 1 isolates analyzed from typing stu ... | 1991 | 1707982 |
| three cell lines from hamster buccal pouch tumors induced by topical 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, alone or in conjunction with herpes simplex virus inoculation. | three squamous carcinoma cell lines hbpc-1, hbpc-2, and hbpc-3 were established from hamster buccal pouch tumors induced by topical 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) treatment alone, topical dmba treatment in conjunction with type 1 herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) inoculation, and topical dmba application in combination with type 2 hsv (hsv-2) inoculation, respectively. the cells were epithelial in morphology, had a doubling time of approximately 18 h, and required bovine serum for optimal grow ... | 1991 | 1708371 |
| immediate-early gene expression is sufficient for induction of natural killer cell-mediated lysis of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected fibroblasts. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected human fibroblast (hsv-fs) targets are susceptible to lysis by natural killer (nk) cells, whereas uninfected fs are resistant to lysis. studies were undertaken to determine the mechanism of this preferential susceptibility. hsv-fs were not intrinsically less stable than fs, as determined by a 51cr release assay under hypotonic shock in the presence of rat granule cytolysin and by sensitivity to anti-human leukocyte antigen class i antibody plus complem ... | 1991 | 1709697 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes recognize immediate-early protein icp27. | the identity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) antigens that serve as targets for cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) and their ability to induce protective immunity remain uncertain. in this article, we report the identification of the immediate-early protein icp27 as a ctl antigen in h-2d mice but not in h-2k or h-2b mice. calculation of the frequencies of h-2d-restricted virus-specific ctl demonstrated that approximately one-fourth of the total hsv-1-specific response was directed against icp2 ... | 1991 | 1709698 |
| a follow-up study of children with neonatal herpes simplex virus infections with particular regard to late nervous disturbances. | forty-five children with neonatal herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection, representing all known cases in the diagnostic records of four virological laboratories within a 15-year period, were followed up. twelve children had died. sixteen of the 33 survivors were healthy. thirteen children had severe disabilities: all of them showed severe mental retardation; moreover, 11 were tetraplegic, one was hemiplegic with hydrocephalus and one had a pronounced behavioural abnormality. four children had sli ... | 1991 | 1709771 |
| 9-[(2rs)-3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] derivatives of purines: a class of highly selective antiretroviral agents in vitro and in vivo. | a new class of compounds, 9-[(2rs)-3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] [(rs)-fpmp] derivatives of purines, is described that has selective activity against a broad spectrum of retroviruses [including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2)] but not other rna or dna viruses. this activity spectrum is completely different from that of the parental compounds, 9-[(2s)-3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] [(s)-hpmp] derivatives of purines, which are active against a broad range ... | 1991 | 1711214 |
| multiple overlapping homologies between two rheumatoid antigens and immunosuppressive viruses. | amino acid (aa) sequence homologies between viruses and autoimmune nuclear antigens are suggestive of viral involvement in disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and scleroderma. we analyzed the frequency of exact homologies of greater than or equal to 5 aa between 61 viral proteins (19,827 aa), 8 nuclear antigens (3813 aa), and 41 control proteins (11,743 aa). both pentamer and hexamer homologies between control proteins and viruses are unexpectedly abundant, with hexamer matches ... | 1991 | 1712488 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase is expressed in the testes of transgenic mice under the control of a cryptic promoter. | we reported previously that the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) thymidine kinase reporter gene (tk) was expressed in the testes of transgenic mice when coupled to the promoter of a liver-specific mouse major urinary protein (mup) gene. here we show that hsv-1 tk is also expressed in the testis when coupled to a mup pseudogene promoter, to a truncated mup promoter that is not active in the liver, and to the promoter of the bovine thyroglobulin gene. furthermore, hsv-1 tk itself was expressed ... | 1991 | 1712906 |
| b and t cell epitopes of glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1. | | 1991 | 1713774 |
| neural spread of herpes simplex virus after anterior chamber inoculation. | a genetically engineered herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1, strain rh116) that expresses beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) was used as a marker to trace the route of interocular spread of hsv-1 after anterior chamber (ac) inoculation into balb/c mice. because rh116 is thymidine kinase deficient (tk-), the wild-type tk+ kos strain of hsv-1 was used as a helper virus to complement rh116 during in vivo infection. after coinfection of balb/c mice with rh116 and kos in the ac of one eye, beta-gal expres ... | 1991 | 1714427 |
| identification of a monocyte receptor on herpesvirus-infected endothelial cells. | the adhesion of circulating blood cells to vascular endothelium may be an initial step in atherosclerosis, inflammation, and wound healing. one mechanism for promoting cell-cell adhesion involves the expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of the target cell. herpes simplex virus infection of endothelium induces arterial injury and has been implicated in the development of human atherosclerosis. we now demonstrate that hsv-infected endothelial cells express the adhesion molecule gmp140 a ... | 1991 | 1714592 |
| selective induction of discrete epitopes of herpes simplex virus type 1-specified glycoprotein c by interference with terminal steps in glycosylation. | we have described two types of oligosaccharide modification influencing the antigenicity of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-specified glycoprotein c (gc-1). first, the expression of several epitopes belonging to antigenic site ii of gc-1 is dependent on the peripheral galactose of n-linked oligosaccharides. we have also shown that treatment of hsv-1-infected cells with 5-n-propyl-2'-deoxyuridine (pdu) under certain circumstances results in other modifications of peripheral carbohydrate d ... | 1991 | 1714943 |
| the influence of morphine on development of hsv-1 and m-msv virus infection in mice. | | 1990 | 1715654 |
| conformational and epitope mapping of herpes-simplex-virus type-1 thymidine kinase using synthetic peptide segments. | adjacent peptide segments covering the complete sequence of herpes-simplex-virus type-1 thymidine kinase (hsv1-tk) of 376 amino acids were synthesized in order to experimentally verify the three-dimensional structure of the hsv1-tk active site, which was previously determined by molecular modeling. 26 peptides have been prepared by multiple solid-phase synthesis using the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl strategy. the purified peptides were linked covalently to bovine serum albumin. the peptide/elisa ... | 1991 | 1716203 |
| prevention of herpes keratitis by monoclonal antibodies specific for discontinuous and continuous epitopes on glycoprotein d. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for defined discontinuous and continuous epitopes on glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were surveyed for their capacity to protect against virus-induced corneal disease in a murine ocular infection model. a known amount of purified mab was transferred passively to balb/c mice 24 hr after topical infection with hsv-1 on their scarified corneas. at high doses (50-136 micrograms), all seven mabs protected against the development of pers ... | 1991 | 1716618 |
| characterization of the bovine herpesvirus 4 major immediate-early transcript. | the major immediate-early (ie) rna of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) has been identified and characterized by analyzing cytoplasmic polyadenylated rna isolated from madin-darby bovine kidney cells infected with bhv-4(dn-599) in the presence of cycloheximide. hybridization of cdna to southern blots of viral dna, northern (rna) blot analysis, and s1 nuclease analyses showed that the major bhv-4 ie rna is a spliced, 1.7-kb rna, which is transcribed from right to left on the restriction map of the bhv ... | 1991 | 1716688 |
| lkm-1 autoantibodies recognize a short linear sequence in p450iid6, a cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase. | lkm-1 autoantibodies, which are associated with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, recognize p450iid6, a cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase. the reactivities of 26 lkm-1 antisera were tested with a panel of deletion mutants of p450iid6 expressed in escherichia coli. 22 sera recognize a 33-amino acid segment of p450iid6, and 11 of these recognize a shorter segment, dpaqpprd. paqppr is also found in ie175 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). antibodies for hsv-1 proteins were detected by elisa in ... | 1991 | 1717511 |
| transgenic mouse lines that are immunologically tolerant and nontolerant to herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d. | a construct containing the gene for glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus (hsv-gd), under the control of the simian virus 40 early promoter, was microinjected into single-cell embryos, and four transgenic mouse lines were established. three were homozygous (lines 75, 111, and 113) and one was hemizygous (line 108) for the hsv-gd gene. examination of sera revealed that only one of the lines (line 75) spontaneously produced antibody to hsv-gd. immunization of the other three lines with vaccinia v ... | 1991 | 1717714 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional mapping of the major capsid protein gene of pseudorabies virus. | the gene encoding the 142-kda major capsid protein (mcp142) of pseudorabies virus (prv) was isolated and sequenced. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the mcp142 gene has a single open reading frame of 3993 nucleotides (nt) encoding 1330 amino acids. the 4400-nt major rna from the mcp142 gene was detected in prv-infected cells. the 5' end of the transcript was located 60 nt upstream of the initiation codon. the 3' end of the transcript was located 18 nt downstream of a putative poly(a) s ... | 1991 | 1718089 |
| a related epitope is consistently present on glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. | a monoclonal antibody (ve8) directed to glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) cross-reacted with all hsv type 2 (hsv-2) strains tested. positive reaction was also observed with all investigated hsv-1 strains, indicating that the related epitope is consistently present in hsv-1 and hsv-2. | 1991 | 1719785 |
| identification of the main epitope on human cytochrome p450 iid6 recognized by anti-liver kidney microsome antibody. | antibodies present in the sera of a group of children with autoimmune hepatitis react with human cytochrome p450 iid6. cdna constructions of various fragments of human p450 iid6 were made and expressed and the resulting peptides were tested in immunoblot with patients' sera. these allowed identification of at least two antigenic sites on the p450 molecule. the main one, recognized by all sera tested, is located between amino acids 239 and 271. synthesis of three peptides covering this area of th ... | 1991 | 1723273 |