| [immunogenic capacity of a fractionated lyophilized smallpox vaccine]. | | 1988 | 3194618 |
| protection of cattle against rinderpest with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the ha or f gene. | rinderpest is a highly contagious ruminant viral disease manifested by a rapid course and greater than 90% mortality. infectious vaccinia virus recombinants were constructed that express either the hemagglutinin or the fusion gene of rinderpest virus. all cattle vaccinated with either recombinant or with the combined recombinants produced neutralizing antibodies against rinderpest virus and were protected against the disease when challenged with more than 1000 times the lethal dose of the virus. | 1988 | 3194758 |
| fine structure of the vaccinia virus gene encoding the precursor of the major core protein 4 a. | a 6008 base pair fragment of the vaccinia virus dna containing the gene for the precursor of the major core protein 4 a, which has been designated p4 a, was sequenced. a long open reading frame (orf) encoding a protein of molecular weight 102,157 started close to the position where the p4 a mrna had been mapped. analysis of the mrna by s1 nuclease mapping and primer extension indicated that the 5' end defined by the former method is not the true 5' end. this suggests that the p4 a coding region ... | 1988 | 3196167 |
| enhanced production of poxvirus vectors by high speed rolling. | the amount of cpe produced by vaccinia vectors in cultures rolled at 96 revolutions per minute (rpm) was significantly enhanced when compared to cultures rolled at 2 rpm or held stationary. cultures rolled at 96 rpm had significantly more foci (46.3 +/- 8.4) than cultures held stationary (16.3 +/- 6.5) or rolled at 2 rpm (27.6 +/- 2.8). the size of foci in cultures rolled at 96 rpm was also significantly larger than foci in cultures rolled at 2 rpm or held stationary (f = 12.65, p less than 0.01 ... | 1988 | 3198732 |
| high-level synthesis of biologically active reovirus protein sigma 1 in a mammalian expression vector system. | the reovirus cell-attachment protein, which modulates tissue tropism and the nature of the antiviral immune response, is protein sigma 1. this protein is present in reovirus particles in the form of 12 tetramers anchored in the projections or spikes. it is formed in infected cells in very small amounts only. in order to produce larger amounts of it that are necessary for studying its properties in detail, we have cloned it into a mammalian expression vector system that consists of the very stron ... | 1988 | 3201754 |
| first field trial of fox vaccination against rabies using a vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus. | a field trial of fox vaccination against rabies using a vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus was carried out in belgium on october 24, 1987. each vaccine capsule contained a suspension of 10(8) tcid50 of the recombinant virus and was introduced into a chicken head. each chicken head contained 150 mg of tetracycline as a marker of uptake. two hundred and fifty heads were distributed in an area of 6 km2 situated within a military zone. the bait uptake was monitored for 15 days after the distribution. ... | 1988 | 3201693 |
| purification and characterization of vaccinia virus structural protein vp8. | a major vaccinia virus core protein, designated vp8, has been purified from virions to homogeneity through deae-cellulose, cm-cellulose, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. vp8 migrates as a 25-kda band in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sediments as a monomeric species in neutral sucrose gradient centrifugation. this protein is a significant constitutent of the virion, comprising about 6.5% of the total viral polypeptides by mass. analysis by filter binding and by sucrose gradient cen ... | 1988 | 3201752 |
| biosynthesis and post-translational cleavage of vaccinia virus structural protein vp8. | we have obtained antiserum against highly purified vaccinia virus structural protein vp8, a major dna binding protein present in the viral core particle. the antiserum has been used to monitor the course of the biosynthesis of this protein. the protein can first be detected in extracts of infected cells at 4 hr postinfection (p.i.). its synthesis increases significantly at 5 hr p.i. and is maintained at about the same level up to 11 hr. the requirement of viral dna replication for vp8 synthesis ... | 1988 | 3201753 |
| immunization of foxes against rabies with a vaccinia recombinant virus expressing the rabies glycoprotein. | foxes were vaccinated orally (by bait), gastrically (by stomach tube) and by scarification with a vaccinia recombinant virus expressing the rabies glycoprotein. neutralizing antibodies against rabies virus were detected at two weeks postvaccination in 8/8 foxes in the bait-fed group, in 3/6 foxes inoculated by stomach tube and in 2/2 of the scarified foxes. after challenge at three months postvaccination with street rabies virus, all foxes that had developed antibodies were protected. the high r ... | 1988 | 3202696 |
| development of animal recombinant dna vaccine and its efficacy in foxes. | rabies is prevalent in most parts of the world. an extensive reservoir of the disease is present in the population of wild animals. the fox in particular is a major vector of the disease in north america and europe. although attempts to control rabies by vaccination of wild carnivores with attenuated rabies virus have met with some success, this approach remains controversial. the potential of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the rabies glycoprotein for the protection of foxes against rab ... | 1988 | 3206090 |
| efficacy of a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine in raccoons (procyon lotor). | raccoon rabies exists in epizootic proportions in the southeastern and mid-atlantic regions of the united states, but efficacious oral vaccines for control of rabies in this important vector have not been previously demonstrated. alternatively, a vaccinia recombinant virus vaccine (v-rg) expressing the era (evelyn-rokitnicki-abelseth) rabies virus glycoprotein was highly immunogenic for laboratory animals and raccoons by the intradermal, intramuscular, and oral routes. raccoons that ate a synthe ... | 1988 | 3206091 |
| mechanism of the analgesic effect of neurotropin. | neurotropin, an extract from the inflamed skin of vaccinia virus-inoculated rabbits, has been observed clinically to be effective for treating pain in patients with lumbago, smon and other neuropathies. in the present study, we examined the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of neurotropin in mice in relation to administration routes, opioids, and noradrenergic or gabaergic drugs, by the tail pressure method. the antinociceptive effects of neurotropin were large when administered by the i.p ... | 1988 | 3210443 |
| [griseochelin methyl ester, a new polyether derivative with antiviral activity]. | the methylester of griseochelin (1) is a new chemically-made antiviral derivate of the antibiotic griseochelin isolated from fermentations of streptomyces griseus. it belongs to the polyether group and possesses antiviral activity against enveloped rna and dna viruses cultivated in chicken embryo cells (cec), namely influenzavirus a/wsn, vesicularstomatitis virus (indiana), vaccinia virus (lister) and herpes simplex hominis virus type 1 (kupka). the methylester of griseochelin failed to show vir ... | 1988 | 3212020 |
| immunogenicity, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of a recombinant vaccinia virus in calves. | experiments concerned with the immunogenicity, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of a recombinant vaccinia:sindbis virus were conducted. the wr strain of the recombinant vaccinia:sindis virus was found to be infective for calves and mildly pathogenic, resulting in local tissue reaction. it was not transmissible to other calves. also, it was found to be immunogenic when inoculated intradermally into calves, and antibody was produced against the parent vector virus (vaccinia) and the sindbis ant ... | 1988 | 3239835 |
| use of recombinant vaccinia-rabies virus for oral vaccination of fox cubs (vulpes vulpes, l) against rabies. | thirteen fox cubs were orally administered 10(7.2) plaque-forming units of live vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus. on day 28 post-vaccination, all but 1 cub had produced rabies virus antibodies. twelve animals were intramuscularly inoculated with 10(3.2) mouse intracerebral ld50 of rabies virus suspension on days 33 (5 foxes), 180 (4 foxes) or 360 (3 foxes) after vaccination. eleven of them resisted rabies challenge. unvaccinated foxes, either put in contact with 1 vaccinated animal ... | 1988 | 3218072 |
| [immunization against the human immunodeficiency virus in zaire]. | the first experimental immunization of human against the aids retrovirus hiv-1 was started in a series of hiv seronegative healthy volunteers in november 1986. priming used a vaccinia virus recombinant (v25) expressing gp 160 env determinants of htlv iii b at the surface of infected cells. this priming which induced a weak immune reaction was performed on hiv seronegative french and zaïrian individuals living in zaïre (kinshasa). these results prompted to boost the primary immune response. four ... | 1988 | 3221792 |
| characterization of a binding factor that interacts with the sequences upstream of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase gene. | a small 176 base-pair cloned dna fragment, representing the nucleotide sequences proximal to the 5'-end of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase (vv tk) gene, was radiolabeled and used in concert with gel retention assays to detect, partially purify, and characterize a promoter binding factor (pbf) extracted from vaccinia virions. the vv tk pbf was purified from solubilized virus particles by a combination of ion-exchange and dna-affinity chromatographic procedures. the interaction between vv tk p ... | 1988 | 3227643 |
| behaviour of the typhoid vaccine intradermally administered in association with tetanus unadsorbed vaccine and soluble antigens of vaccinia virus. | | 1988 | 3250365 |
| analyses of the cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses to glycoprotein and nucleoprotein components of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. | the outcome of infection by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) in the natural murine host is determined in large part by the cytotoxic t lymphocyte response (ctl) mounted by the host. in order to define the specificities of ctl induced by lcmv infection, we have cloned and expressed the full-length nucleoprotein (np) gene and 75% of the glycoprotein (gp) gene of lcmv in vaccinia virus vectors and have used these recombinant viruses to sensitize syngeneic target cells to lysis by anti-lcmv ... | 1988 | 3257596 |
| in vitro mutagenesis identifies a region within the envelope gene of the human immunodeficiency virus that is critical for infectivity. | site-specific mutagenesis was used to introduce amino acid substitutions at the asparagine codons of four conserved potential n-linked glycosylation sites within the gp120 envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). one of these alterations resulted in the production of noninfectious virus particles. the amino acid substitution did not interfere with the synthesis, processing, and stability of the env gene polypeptides gp120 and gp41 or the binding of gp120 to its cellular receptor, ... | 1988 | 3257102 |
| immunotherapy of tumor-bearing mice utilizing virus help. | utilizing vaccinia virus (vv), a tumor-specific immunotherapy model was established in which a growing tumor regressed. c3h/hen mice were primed with vv after low dose irradiation to generate amplified vv-reactive t cell activities. then 4 weeks later, the mice were inoculated i.d. with syngeneic mh134 hepatoma cells, and 6 days after the tumor cell inoculation, live vv was injected into the tumor mass 3 times at 2-day intervals. of 10 mice which had received vv priming and subsequent vv injecti ... | 1988 | 3263207 |
| restoration of cytolytic t-lymphocyte response with a new immunopotentiator, n-(4-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]phenyl)acetamide (cl 259, 763), in mice. | the immunorestorative characteristics of a novel synthetic immunomodulator, n-(4-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]phenyl)acetamide (cl 259, 763), has been investigated in several experimental models. in one situation, the compound was shown to enhance the induction of a cytolytic t-lymphocyte response to the murine mbl-2 leukemia implanted in its syngeneic host in which only a minimal reactivity to the tumor is normally displayed. in a vaccinia virus model, the compound similarly augmented the lytic ac ... | 1988 | 3258185 |
| vaccinia colon oncolysate immunotherapy for murine hepatic metastases can be modulated with low-dose interleukin-2. third place winner: conrad jobst award. | a murine colon cancer hepatic metastases model was developed via intrasplenic injection of c-c36 tumor cells in syngeneic balb/c mice to determine the potential efficacy of vaccinia colon oncolysate (vco) immunoprophylaxis and therapy with and without low-dose interleukin-2 (il-2) immunomodulation. mice were injected with 40 micrograms vco subcutaneously, either prophylactically or therapeutically. il-2 (hoffman-la roche, nutley, nj) was administered at a dose of 25,000 units intraperitoneally t ... | 1988 | 3264127 |
| expression of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d on antigen presenting cells infected with vaccinia recombinants and protective immunity. | we studied the effect of the temporal regulation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 glycoprotein d (gd-1) expression in ia+ epidermal cells (ec) and macrophages on virus specific immunity and protection from hsv-2 challenge. gd-1 was expressed on the surface of cells infected with a vaccinia recombinant containing gd-1 under the control of an early vaccinia virus promoter (vp176). it was not expressed in cells infected with a recombinant (vp254) in which gd-1 is controlled by a late vaccinia v ... | 1988 | 3263886 |
| treatment of murine hepatic metastases with vaccinia colon oncolysates and il-2. | to evaluate the feasibility and utility of vaccinia colon oncolysates (vco) and low-dose interleukin-2 (il-2) immunotherapy for advanced colon cancer, we have developed a murine model and tested the efficacy of combined treatment regimens. we employed intrasplenic injection of cultured colon adenocarcinomas (c-c36) in syngeneic balb/c mice to produce experimental hepatic metastases. in the first set of experiments, animals were challenged with 5 x 10(5) tumor cells and sacrificed 14 days followi ... | 1988 | 3263545 |
| non-essential genes in the vaccinia virus hindiii k fragment: a gene related to serine protease inhibitors and a gene related to the 37k vaccinia virus major envelope antigen. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned copy of the hindiii k fragment of the wr strain of vaccinia virus has been determined. eight open reading frames (orfs) have been identified, on the basis of size and codon usage. the predicted amino acid sequences of the putative genes have been compared to the protein identification resource and to published vaccinia virus sequences. one gene, predicted to encode a 42.2k protein, is highly related to the family of serine protease inhibitors. it show ... | 1988 | 3264331 |
| protection of chickens from lethal influenza infection by vaccinia-expressed hemagglutinin. | to study the immune response of the chicken to specific influenza proteins, we have constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the hemagglutinin gene of influenza a/turkey/ireland/1378/83 (h5n8). in mammalian cell culture the hemagglutinin expressed by this recombinant virus was full-length, cleaved into ha1 and ha2 in the absence of trypsin, and transported to the cell surface, confirming that other virus products are not required for cleavage activation. chickens inoculated through th ... | 1988 | 3264429 |
| [expression of gag gene of human immunodeficiency virus in recombinant vaccinia virus]. | a fragment of htlv-iiib gag-gene, coding for the first 441 amino acids of the p53 gag-precursor was expressed in the recombinant vaccinia virus, vc5. two hiv specific proteins were detected by western blot in cv-1 cells infected with vc5. their relative molecular masses were 50 and 35 kd, pointing out that the first of the proteins is a full length expression product of the cloned sequence, while the second one is a result of processing or abortive translation. possibilities of using such a stra ... | 1988 | 3264887 |
| loss of cd4 membrane expression and cd4 mrna during acute human immunodeficiency virus replication. | using mabs and genomic probe to the cd4 molecule, the hiv receptor, we demonstrated that hiv replication induces the disappearance of its functional receptor from the cell surface by two distinct mechanisms. first, after being expressed onto the cell surface, hiv envelope gp110 will complex cd4, efficiently masking the cd4 epitope used by the virus to bind its receptor. this phenomenon occurs on the surface of each infected cell and is not due to the release of soluble gp110; infection with reco ... | 1988 | 3264318 |
| [experience with antirabies vaccination of foxes using the oral route coordinated among several european countries and perspectives on the use of recombinant vaccinia-rabies virus]. | campaigns of fox vaccination against rabies were carried out in belgium, grand-duchy of luxembourg and france in september 1986, june and september 1987. the sad b19 attenuated strain of rabies virus, contained in baits (tübingen baits) was used as vaccine. baits were distributed at a range density of 11 to 15 baits per km2. first results are very encouraging. a recombinant vaccinia virus harbouring the rabies virus glycoprotein gene has been developed. this recombinant virus can be given to the ... | 1988 | 3268767 |
| dna recombinant and monoclonal antibody directed methods for determining cytochrome p-450 specificity. | | 1988 | 3276324 |
| nucleotide sequence and molecular genetic analysis of the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase encoded by vaccinia virus. | we have mapped the vaccinia virus (vv) gene encoding the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (vv m1) within the hindiii i restriction fragment by using an oligonucleotide probe. nucleotide sequencing revealed a 2340-bp open reading frame (orf), 1-3, whose amino acid sequence is highly homologous to the mouse m1 protein. the 1-3 gene was expressed as an immediate-early gene product, being transcribed in a leftward direction into a 2.7-kb polyadenylated transcript. hybrid-selected translatio ... | 1988 | 3284177 |
| yeast kex2 endopeptidase correctly cleaves a neuroendocrine prohormone in mammalian cells. | mammalian cell lines (bsc-40, ng108-15, and gh4c1) that cannot process the murine neuroendocrine peptide precursor prepro-opiomelanocortin (mpomc) when its synthesis is directed by a vaccinia virus vector were coinfected with a second recombinant vaccinia virus carrying the yeast kex2 gene, which encodes an endopeptidase that cleaves at pairs of basic amino acid residues. mpomc was cleaved intracellularly to a set of product peptides normally found in vivo, including mature gamma-lipotropin and ... | 1988 | 3291117 |
| successful oral rabies vaccination of raccoons with raccoon poxvirus recombinants expressing rabies virus glycoprotein. | two infectious raccoon poxvirus (rcn) recombinants for expressing rabies virus surface spike glycoprotein (g) were produced by homologous recombination between raccoon poxvirus dna and chimeric plasmids previously used for production of vaccinia virus recombinants. expression of g protein was controlled by vaccinia virus promoter p7.5 (early/late class) or by p11 (late class). immunoprecipitation of infected cell extracts indicated that both of the rcn recombinants directed faithful expression o ... | 1988 | 3291388 |
| roles of vaccinia virus in the development of new vaccines. | vaccinia virus is an efficient expression vector with broad host range infectivity and large dna capacity. this vector has been particularly useful for identifying target antigens for humoral and cell-mediated immunity. with increased levels of gene expression, obtained either with stronger vaccinia promoters or through incorporation of the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase gene into the vaccinia genome, proteins may be synthesized in mammalian cells for use as subunit vaccines. for use as a live ... | 1988 | 3291453 |
| vaccinia virus recombinants: potential vaccines. | | 1987 | 3307346 |
| antigenic relatedness between glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b: evaluation of the contributions of f and g glycoproteins to immunity. | the degree of antigenic relatedness between human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroups a and b was estimated from antibody responses induced in cotton rats by respiratory tract infection with rsv. glycoprotein-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of antibody responses induced by rsv infection demonstrated that the f glycoproteins of subgroups a and b were antigenically closely related (relatedness, r approximately 50%), whereas the g glycoproteins were only distantly related (r app ... | 1987 | 3305988 |
| expression of herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein b by a recombinant vaccinia virus and protection of mice against lethal herpes simplex virus 1 infection. | the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) strain f gene encoding glycoprotein gb was isolated and modified at the 5' end by in vitro oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. the modified gb gene was inserted into the vaccinia virus genome and expressed under the control of a vaccinia virus promoter. the mature gb glycoprotein produced by the vaccinia virus recombinant was glycosylated, was expressed at the cell surface, and was indistinguishable from authentic hsv-1 gb in terms of electrophoretic mobility ... | 1987 | 3303033 |
| synthesis and cellular location of the ten influenza polypeptides individually expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. | a complete set of recombinant vaccinia viruses that express each of the influenza virus polypeptides has been constructed. pb1, pb2, pa, ha, np, m1, and ns1 genes were derived from influenza virus a/pr/8/34, na from influenza virus a/cam/46, and m2 and ns2 genes from influenza virus a/udorn/72. cells infected with these recombinant viruses synthesize influenza polypeptides that are precipitable with specific antisera and that have electrophoretic mobilities similar to the corresponding influenza ... | 1987 | 3310381 |
| thiosemicarbazones: inhibition of the growth of pox viruses and requirement for the growth of an isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone dependent mutant. | | 1987 | 3310129 |
| tomorrow's hepatitis b vaccines. arie zuckerman discusses hepatitis b vaccines of the future and the impact of aids on immunization. | recombinant hepatitis b vaccines produced in yeast and in mammalian cells are the first of future vaccines against this important public health problem. hybrid virus vaccines and the use of baculoviruses for expression of hepatitis b antigens in insect cell cultures will follow shortly and chemically synthetic vaccines are under development. the impact of aids on future immunization programmes should be considered. | 1987 | 3314219 |
| [possible connection of the vaccinia virus and carcinogenesis]. | the data are presented indicating a possible carcinogenic danger of vaccinia virus. vaccinia virus with reduced lytic properties was shown to be capable of inducing morphological and malignant transformation of cells of primary mammal tissue cultures (mouse, rat, man). | 1987 | 3314144 |
| immune and histopathological responses in animals vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia viruses that express individual genes of human respiratory syncytial virus. | previous reports have established that vaccinia virus (vv) recombinants expressing g, f, or n protein of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus protect small animals against intranasal challenge with live rs virus. this work demonstrates that a variety of parameters affect the protection induced by recombinant viruses. the route of vaccination, the subtype of challenge virus, and the species used influenced the antibody titers and extent of protection. during these studies, observations were also made ... | 1987 | 3316707 |
| structural and functional studies of a 39,000-mr immunodominant protein of vaccinia virus. | little is known about the nature of poxvirus proteins involved in the host immune response. screening a lambda gt11 expression library of genomic rabbit poxvirus dna with hyperimmune rabbit anti-vaccinia virus serum and selection of monospecific antibodies identified a highly antigenic viral protein of about 39,000 molecular weight (39k protein). the same-size protein of vaccinia virus was also identified with a monoclonal antibody (mab b6) obtained from hybridomas generated after fusion of hype ... | 1987 | 3316708 |
| expression of dengue virus structural proteins and nonstructural protein ns1 by a recombinant vaccinia virus. | a recombinant vaccinia virus containing cloned dna sequences coding for the three structural proteins and nonstructural proteins ns1 and ns2a of dengue type 4 virus was constructed. infection of cv-1 cells with this recombinant virus produced dengue virus structural proteins as well as the nonstructural protein ns1. these proteins were precipitated by specific antisera and exhibited the same molecular size and glycosylation patterns as authentic dengue virus proteins. infection of cotton rats wi ... | 1987 | 3316711 |
| the role of the host cell nucleus in vaccinia virus morphogenesis. | despite the fact that cells infected with wild type vaccinia virus synthesize viral dna and assemble progeny virus particles within the cytoplasm, the host cell nucleus is required for a productive infection. recent evidence suggests that vaccinia virus selectively recruits components from the host cell nucleus into the cytoplasm for use by the developing virus. one of these components is the largest subunit of the cellular rna polymerase ii (pol ii). | 1987 | 3318210 |
| comparison of the immune response to variant influenza type b hemagglutinins expressed in vaccinia virus. | to compare the immune response induced by influenza hemagglutinin (ha) variants differing by a single amino acid, the genes for each ha variant were cloned and expressed in vaccinia virus. these variant ha genes have been previously described as being present exclusively in either egg-derived or mdck cell-derived subpopulations of influenza b/england/222/82 virus. by using this approach we were able to vaccinate animals with homogeneous preparations of these viral antigens and thus circumvent th ... | 1987 | 3318092 |
| the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene of newcastle disease virus strain italien (ndv italien): comparison with hns of other strains and expression by a vaccinia recombinant. | a cdna library was constructed with poly(a+) mrna from cells infected with the virulent italien ndv strain. a clone that hybridized to the hn gene mrna was sequenced. a long open reading-frame encodes for a protein of 571 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 61,900, including 13 cysteine residues and six potential glycosylation sites. to define the sequence changes that occurred in the avian paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) during the evolution of virulence, we have s ... | 1987 | 3318761 |
| recombinant live virus vaccines. | many successful vaccines are based on live attenuated viruses. an attractive idea is to genetically engineer these live attenuated vaccines so that they express protective antigens from other pathogens. vaccinia virus, the smallpox vaccine, can be considered as the prototype for this sort of approach. over one hundred examples of vaccinia virus recombinants are recorded in the literature and many of these have been shown to protect animals against challenge with the appropriate pathogen. several ... | 1987 | 3327813 |
| transient expression system to measure the efficiency of vaccinia promoter regions. | a transient expression system has been developed to compare the relative efficiency of expression of various vaccinia virus dna sequences containing transcriptional regulatory elements. a plasmid vector was constructed containing both the escherichia coli galactokinase gene (galk) and the guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene (gpt). to direct the expression of gpt within this vector, a vaccinia virus promoter region was isolated from the hindiii-f fragment of the genome and inserted 5' to gpt c ... | 1987 | 3321110 |
| [trends in research in developing new type of vaccines--aiming at efficacy and safety. viral hepatitis b vaccine]. | | 1987 | 3329248 |
| use of vaccinia virus to express biopharmaceutical products. | recent technological advancements have fostered the continued development of vaccinia virus as an efficient eukaryotic cloning and expression vector system. genetically engineered vaccinia virus strains have been constructed for use (i) as recombinant vaccines for the prophylaxis of infectious disease, (ii) in producing significant quantities of biologically active polypeptide factors or enzymes, and (iii) as basic research tools with which to investigate primary structure-function relationships ... | 1987 | 3334412 |
| the development of novel hepatitis b vaccines. | the development of vaccines against hepatitis b has proceeded along four main lines. (i) human plasma-derived vaccines are safe, effective, and in general use. (ii) subunit polypeptide vaccines formulated in micelles have reached the stage of clinical trials. (iii) recombinant dna vaccines have been produced in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, notably in yeast. the yeast-derived recombinant vaccine has proved safe and effective in extensive clinical trials, eliciting antibodies of equal quantit ... | 1987 | 3332768 |
| characterization of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing human melanoma-associated antigen p97. | p97 is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed at high levels in most human melanomas but present only in trace amounts in normal adult tissues. we are interested in exploring the possibility of using recombinant vaccinia virus to express a specific tumor-associated antigen as a vaccine against human cancer. to this end, we constructed a recombinant virus, v-p97ny, which contains the entire coding sequence for p97 under the control of the vaccinia virus 7.5k promoter. upon infection of tissue cult ... | 1988 | 3334743 |
| molecular dissection of cis-acting regulatory elements from 5'-proximal regions of a vaccinia virus late gene cluster. | promoter elements responsible for directing the transcription of six tightly clustered vaccinia virus (vv) late genes (open reading frames [orfs] d11, d12, d13, a1, a2, and a3) from the hindiii d/a region of the viral genome were identified within the upstream sequences proximal to each individual locus. these regions were identified as promoters by excising them from the vv genome, abutting them to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene, and demonstrating their ability to drive e ... | 1988 | 3334746 |
| synthesis and biological evaluations of certain 2-halo-2'-substituted derivatives of 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine. | the synthesis of a series of 2-chloro- or 2-fluoro-9-(2-substituted-2-deoxy-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)adenines (4g-n) is described. new compounds were prepared from either 2-chloroadenosine or 2-fluoroadenosine by first blocking the 3'- and 5'-hydroxyls as the tetraisopropyldisiloxane derivatives. activation of o-2' by formation of a triflate followed by nucleophilic displacement allowed introduction of various groups in the proper configuration at c-2'. fluoride ion treatment then produced the de ... | 1988 | 3339610 |
| deletion of the vaccinia virus growth factor gene reduces virus virulence. | the vaccinia virus growth factor (vgf) gene encodes a polypeptide with amino acid sequence homology to epidermal growth factor (egf) and transforming growth factor alpha and is present twice, once at each end of the virus genome within the inverted terminal repetition. recombination procedures were used to replace more than half of both vgf genes with a beta-galactosidase cassette which served as a color indicator for isolating an unconditionally viable vgf- mutant. the vgf- mutant genotype and ... | 1988 | 3339716 |
| delineation of the viral products of recombination in vaccinia virus-infected cells. | plasmids containing the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase gene, its flanking dna sequences, and the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene were used in conjunction with a thymidine kinase-deficient virus to examine the viral products of recombination. progeny derived from single-crossover events could be distinguished from those generated by gene conversion or double-crossover events when the beta-galactosidase gene was separated from the thymidine kinase gene by the flanking sequences. using me ... | 1988 | 3339712 |
| characterization of vaccinia virus growth factor biosynthetic pathway with an antipeptide antiserum. | a synthetic peptide derived from vaccinia virus growth factor (vgf) was used as an immunogen to prepare antiserum able to immunoprecipitate native vgf from both vaccinia virus-infected cell lysate and cell-free medium. pulse-chase, tunicamycin treatment, and carbohydrate trimming experiments revealed that vgf is synthesized as a 19-kilodalton (kda) precursor which is rapidly modified to a high-mannose-type 22-kda protein. this cell-associated form is further processed into a 25-kda polypeptide w ... | 1988 | 3339713 |
| rift valley fever virus m segment: use of recombinant vaccinia viruses to study phlebovirus gene expression. | recombinant vaccinia viruses were constructed and used in conjunction with site-specific antisera to study the coding capacity and detailed expression strategy of the m segment of the phlebovirus rift valley fever virus (rvfv). the m segment could be completely and faithfully expressed in recombinant rvfv-vaccinia virus-infected cells, the gene products apparently being correctly processed and modified in the absence of the rvfv l and s genomic segments. the proteins encoded by the rvfv m segmen ... | 1988 | 3339714 |
| row over vaccine trial. | | 1988 | 3340199 |
| construction of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the lassa virus glycoprotein gene and protection of guinea pigs from a lethal lassa virus infection. | a cloned cdna (1.65 kb) containing the complete glycoprotein gene of the josiah strain of lassa virus was inserted into the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of the new york board of health (wyeth) strain of vaccinia virus. the lassa virus glycoprotein precursor, gpc, and the posttranslational cleavage products, g1 and g2, were shown by western blot analysis to be properly expressed in cells infected with the recombinant virus. northern blot hybridization of total cytoplasmic rna extracted from recombi ... | 1988 | 3354260 |
| stability of vaccinia virus dna during persistent infections: accumulation of left-end deletions and of tandem repeats at both ends of the viral genome and prevention by interferon. | the stability of the large vaccinia virus genome (122 mda) has been studied in long-term cultures of persistently infected friend erythroleukemia (fel) cells. deletions of about 8 mda at the left terminus of vaccinia dna are generated at early passages, and are maintained even after 2 years of continuous cell passages. the generation of deletions is followed by a stable accumulation of tandem repeats up to 6 mda at the left end and up to 2 mda at the right end of vaccinia dna. neither translocat ... | 1988 | 3347996 |
| molecular cloning and sequence of the concatemer junction from vaccinia virus replicative dna. viral nuclease cleavage sites in cruciform structures. | the concatemer junction from replicative forms of vaccinia virus dna was cloned into plasmid vectors and shown to be a precise duplex copy of the viral terminal hairpin structure, with each strand corresponding to one of the alternative sequence isomers. the plasmids were relaxed circles with extruded cruciforms representing two copies of the vaccinia telomere hairpin structure. head-to-head dimers containing two copies of the vaccinia virus concatemer junction were observed to contain only one ... | 1988 | 3351934 |
| transient expression and sequence of the matrix (m1) gene of wsn influenza a virus in a vaccinia vector. | a cdna encoding the entire amino acid sequence of the matrix (m1) protein of influenza a/wsn/33 virus was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in a vaccinia virus system consisting of the t7 bacteriophage rna polymerase and a plasmid carrying the m1 gene flanked by t7 polymerase promoter and terminator sequences. the transiently expressed m1 gene product comigrated on sds-polyacrylamide gels with the endogenous wsn virus m1 protein and was recognized in western blot analysis by three epitope-specifi ... | 1988 | 3354209 |
| human dna polymerase alpha gene expression is cell proliferation dependent and its primary structure is similar to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic replicative dna polymerases. | we have isolated cdna clones encoding the human dna polymerase alpha catalytic polypeptide. studies of the human dna polymerase alpha steady-state mrna levels in quiescent cells stimulated to proliferate, or normal cells compared to transformed cells, demonstrate that the polymerase alpha mrna, like its enzymatic activity and de novo protein synthesis, positively correlates with cell proliferation and transformation. analysis of the deduced 1462-amino-acid sequence reveals six regions of strikin ... | 1988 | 3359994 |
| transport to the cell surface of a peptide sequence attached to the truncated c terminus of an n-terminally anchored integral membrane protein. | attempts to construct hybrid proteins that are transported to the plasma membrane are frequently unsuccessful because of perturbations in polypeptide folding. in seeking to minimize this problem, we have used the less common type of integral membrane protein, which has an uncleaved signal-anchor domain and an extracellular carboxyl portion, to transport a peptide sequence of interest to the cell surface. a set of plasmids was constructed that contained the gene encoding respiratory syncytial vir ... | 1988 | 3380095 |
| processing of the native nerve growth factor precursor to form biologically active nerve growth factor. | in the mouse submaxillary gland beta nerve growth factor (beta-ngf) forms a complex with two members of the kallikrein family of serine proteases, termed the alpha- and gamma-subunits of ngf. we demonstrate that the beta-ngf precursor produced in mammalian cells via a recombinant vaccinia virus can be cleaved by stoichiometric quantities of the gamma-subunit to produce beta-ngf. trypsin in catalytic quantities also produces native beta-ngf. proper cleavage depends critically on the conformation ... | 1988 | 3360808 |
| parameters of field inversion gel electrophoresis for the analysis of pox virus genomes. | the effects of variation in the lengths of forward and reverse pulses, voltage gradient, gel concentration and gel temperature on the mobility of dna molecules in agarose gels during field inversion gel electrophoresis (fige) have been determined. a curve, which best fits the empirical data, is presented and allows the choice of pulse conditions and voltage gradient most suitable for the resolution of molecules of chosen size. the use of fige in the analysis and direct mapping of large virus gen ... | 1988 | 3380683 |
| high expression of functional adenovirus dna polymerase and precursor terminal protein using recombinant vaccinia virus. | initiation of adenovirus (ad) dna replication occurs by a protein-priming mechanism in which the viral precursor terminal protein (ptp) and dna polymerase (pol) as well as two nuclear dna-binding proteins from uninfected hela cells are required. biochemical studies on the ptp and dna polymerase proteins separately have been hampered due to their low abundance and their presence as a ptp-pol complex in ad infected cells. we have constructed a genomic sequence containing the large open reading fra ... | 1988 | 3362670 |
| cell proliferative response to vaccinia virus is mediated by vgf. | vgf, a polypeptide encoded by vaccinia virus, shares amino acid sequence homology and functional properties with cellular growth factors egf and tgf-alpha. the availability of a vgf minus (vgf-) virus mutant has enabled us to examine the role of vgf in the replication of virus in vitro and in vivo. studies in vitro with a431 cells (high egf receptor density) showed that vgf+ wild-type virus induced the rapid formation of a focus of infection (not a plaque) which could be blocked by a monoclonal ... | 1988 | 3363864 |
| nucleotide sequence and molecular genetic analysis of the vaccinia virus hindiii n/m region encoding the genes responsible for resistance to alpha-amanitin. | the genomic location of the gene(s) which provides vaccinia virus (vv) alpha-amanitin-resistant mutants with a drug-resistant phenotype have been mapped to the hindiii n/m region of the genome by the use of marker rescue techniques [e. c. villarreal and d. e. hruby (1986) j. virol. 57, 65-70]. nucleotide sequencing of a 2356-bp hindiii-sau3a fragment of the vaccinia virus genome encompassing this region reveals the presence of two complete leftward-reading open reading frames (orfs, n2 and m1) a ... | 1988 | 3388767 |
| differences in the susceptibility of human blood cell lines to vaccinia virus. | the replication of vaccinia virus in human hematopoietic cell lines was studied, to ascertain whether the cell type and the stage of differentiation can influence the outcome of the infection. lymphocytic nb104 cells and myelogenous leukemic k562 cells can be productively infected with vaccinia. whereas nb104 cells were readily lysed, cells from the k562 line stayed persistently infected. infection of promyelocytic leukemia hl60 cells results in an abortive infection in which the virus is uncoat ... | 1988 | 3384630 |
| use of vaccinia virus vectors to study protein processing in human disease. normal nerve growth factor processing and secretion in cultured fibroblasts from patients with familial dysautonomia. | familial dysautonomia is a hereditary disorder that affects autonomic and sensory neurons. nerve growth factor (ngf) is required for the normal development of sympathetic and sensory neurons and it has been postulated that an abnormality involving ngf may be responsible for familial dysautonomia. previous studies have shown that the beta-ngf gene is not linked to the disease. however, ngf appears to be abnormal by immunochemical assays; the putative altered form of ngf could result from a distur ... | 1988 | 3392215 |
| antiviral and immunomodulating activities of chemically synthesized lipid a-subunit analogues gla-27 and gla-60. | biological and antiviral activities of chemically synthesized lipid a-subunit analogues, gla-27 and gla-60, were investigated with respect to defense mechanisms such as macrophage and natural killer (nk) cell activation and interferon (ifn)-inducing activity. gla-27, a 4-o-phosphono-d-glucosamine derivative carrying 3-o-tetradecanoyl (c14) and 2-n-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl (c14-o-(c14] group, and gla-60, a similar analogue carrying 3-o-linked c14-o-(c14) and 2-n-linked 3-hydroxytetradecano ... | 1988 | 3389769 |
| purification of a factor required for transcription of vaccinia virus early genes. | partially purified dna-dependent rna polymerase from infectious vaccinia virus particles exhibits the following two activities: 1) specific transcription of double-stranded dna templates containing vaccinia early promoters and 2) nonspecific transcription of single-stranded dna templates. after further purification of the rna polymerase, specific transcriptase activity was selectively diminished suggesting the loss of a transcription factor. in agreement with the latter hypothesis, transcriptase ... | 1988 | 3392040 |
| [vaccinia inoculata]. | a case of vaccinia inoculata in a 58-year-old woman with a bullous lesion on the left cheek is reported. the diagnosis was established by reference to her professional background and by electron microscopy (negative staining method). | 1988 | 3403269 |
| potential inhibitors of s-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. 11. molecular dissections of neplanocin a as potential inhibitors of s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. | a series of 9-(hydroxyalkenyl)purines (adenines and 3-deazaadenines), which are analogues of neplanocin a, were synthesized. the analogues were tested as inhibitors of bovine liver and murine l929 cell s-adenosyhomocysteine (adohcy) hydrolase (ec 3.3.1.1) and as inhibitors of vaccinia virus replication in murine l929 cells. compounds 1b, 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 7, 9a, and 9b showed the best inhibitory effects toward bovine liver adohcy hydrolase, with compound 4b being the most potent. the compounds tha ... | 1988 | 3411600 |
| vaccinia virus late transcripts generated in vitro have a poly(a) head. | a cell free system mediating accurate transcription of vaccinia virus genes was established using lysates of cells in the late phase of infection. vaccinia late genes are faithfully transcribed in this extract whereas cellular pol ii and pol iii promoters are not recognized. the late viral transcripts contain a poly(a) head of approximately 35 nt at the 5' end which is not co-linearly encoded in the externally added template. the transcripts obtained in vitro are indistinguishable from the matur ... | 1988 | 3402436 |
| dengue 2 virus envelope protein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus fails to protect monkeys against dengue. | a cdna copy of the dengue (den) 2 virus genome region encoding the virion capsid, membrane and envelope structural proteins has been inserted into vaccinia virus (vv) dna under the control of its 11k late promoter. the den-2 envelope protein was expressed and processed in cells infected with the vv recombinant (vv/d2s). no den-2 virus antibody response was detected in mice, hamsters or monkeys vaccinated with vv/d2s. furthermore, a viraemia was observed in recombinant-vaccinated monkeys after ch ... | 1988 | 3404119 |
| processing and secretion of nerve growth factor: expression in mammalian cells with a vaccinia virus vector. | to study posttranslational mechanisms for the control of nerve growth factor (ngf), we used a recombinant vaccinia virus vector to independently express the two major ngf transcripts in a variety of mammalian cell lines. the two major transcripts contain ngf (12.5 kilodaltons [kda]) at the c-terminus and differ by alternative splicing of an n-terminal exon, so that the large precursor (34 kda) had 67 amino acids upstream of an internal signal peptide and the smaller precursor (27 kda) had this s ... | 1988 | 3405211 |
| vaccinia virus encodes a secretory polypeptide structurally related to complement control proteins. | several polypeptides are secreted into the medium of cells infected with vaccinia virus, a cytoplasmic dna virus belonging to the poxvirus family. one of these, a polypeptide of relative molecular mass 19,000 is structurally related to epidermal growth factor and binds to epidermal growth factor receptor stimulating proliferation of uninfected cells in vitro and in vivo. here, we show that a second, and much more abundant secretory polypeptide, is also encoded by vaccinia virus and is structural ... | 1988 | 3412473 |
| vaccinia virus gene d8 encodes a virion transmembrane protein. | transcription mapping studies and dna sequence analysis of the vaccinia virus hindiii d fragment predict that gene d8 encodes a protein 304 amino acids in length, with a molecular mass of 35,426 daltons, that is expressed at late times in infection. in order to determine whether the native d8 protein is required for virus propagation, we constructed a frameshift mutation in the d8 coding sequence. virus containing this mutation were isolated and shown to replicate in a single-step growth experim ... | 1988 | 3418784 |
| recombinant vaccinia virus vaccine against the human melanoma antigen p97 for use in immunotherapy. | we have constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus, v-p97ny, which expresses the human melanoma-associated glycoprotein p97. immunization with v-p97ny could induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity to p97, including delayed-type hypersensitivity, in mice and in two of two monkeys (macaca fascicularis). the fact that an immune response was induced also in monkeys is important because normal cells from monkeys, but not from mice, express a low level of cross-reactive p97. mice immunized with v-p97n ... | 1988 | 3422478 |
| protection of mice from fatal measles encephalitis by vaccination with vaccinia virus recombinants encoding either the hemagglutinin or the fusion protein. | vaccinia virus recombinants encoding the hemagglutinin or fusion protein of measles virus have been constructed. infection of cell cultures with the recombinants led to the synthesis of authentic measles proteins as judged by their electrophoretic mobility, recognition by antibodies, glycosylation, proteolytic cleavage, and presentation on the cell surface. mice vaccinated with a single dose of the recombinant encoding the hemagglutinin protein developed antibodies capable of both inhibiting hem ... | 1988 | 3422488 |
| expression of the firefly luciferase gene in vaccinia virus: a highly sensitive gene marker to follow virus dissemination in tissues of infected animals. | we have introduced the firefly luciferase gene of photinus pyralis into the vaccinia virus genome. this gene is expressed in a coordinate fashion during virus infection. luminescence produced by the action of luciferase [photinus-luciferin:oxygen 4-oxidoreductase(decarboxylating, atp-hydrolyzing), ec 1.13.12.7] was easily detectable in infected cells in culture as well as in cells of tissues of infected mice. the limits of detection were about one infected cell in a background of a million nonin ... | 1988 | 3422754 |
| characterization of vaccinia virus early promoters and evaluation of their informational content. | we have reported the isolation of cis-acting regulatory dna sequences promoting expression of the herpes virus thymidine kinase gene in vaccinia virus recombinants. in this work we show that each of the inserts from recombinants vpt25, 28, 36 and 56 contains a vaccinia virus early promoter. the position of each of the early rna start sites in the nucleotide sequence of these four vaccinia virus inserts was precisely mapped by an s1 nuclease mapping procedure. among the four recombinants analysed ... | 1987 | 3430623 |
| novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine nucleoside analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. | a novel nucleoside analog, 4(5h)-oxo-1-beta-d- ribofuranosylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-3-thiocarboxamide (n10169), was evaluated in cell culture and in animals for antiviral activity against dna and rna viruses. the compound was highly active against strains of adeno-, vaccinia, influenza b, paramyxo-, picorna-, and reoviruses, with 50% inhibition of virus-induced cytopathology at 1 to 10 microm. lesser or no antiviral effects were observed against herpes simplex, cytomegalo-, corona-, influenza ... | 1987 | 3435102 |
| recombinant vaccinia viruses as live vaccines. | recombinant vaccinia viruses can be constructed that express foreign antigens. these viruses retain their infectivity and synthesise the foreign gene product in tissue culture and in vaccinated animals. following vaccination, specific antibody and cell-mediated immune responses are generated against the foreign protein and in several cases these have protected the animal against subsequent challenge with the corresponding pathogen. the potential use of recombinant vaccinia viruses as medical or ... | 1987 | 3443401 |
| effects of neurotropin on immunodeficiency and ulcer-development of rats exposed to activity-stress. | young adult rats exposed to a 1 hr feeding schedule in activity-wheel cages daily, show immunological incompetence and stomach ulcer. this stress procedure is called "activity-stress (as)". the present study examined the effects of neurotropin (nsp), which is an extract from rabbit skin tissues inflamed with vaccinia virus, on the immunosuppression and stomach ulcer induced by as. the i.p. treated nsp showed a significant immunopotentiation effect (50 and 100 mg/kg), but did not significantly pr ... | 1987 | 3444116 |
| [trends in research in developing new type of vaccines--aiming at efficacy and safety. influenza vaccines]. | | 1987 | 3448272 |
| [trends in research in developing new type of vaccines--aiming at efficacy and safety. rabies vaccine]. | | 1987 | 3448274 |
| [trends in research in developing new type of vaccines--aiming at efficacy and safety. present status of the development of aids vaccine]. | | 1987 | 3448276 |
| antiviral activity of phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives of purine and pyrimidines. | various 3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl (hpmp) and 2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl (pme) derivatives of purine [adenine (a), guanine (g), 2,6-diaminopurine (dap), 2-monoaminopurine (map), hypoxanthine (hx)] and pyrimidine [cytosine (c), uracil (u), thymine (t)] have been evaluated for their antiviral properties. pmedap, (s)-hpmpa [and the cyclic phosphonate thereof, (s)-chpmpa)], (s)-hpmpc, pmeg, pmea, hpmpg and hpmpdap proved to be effective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and ty ... | 1987 | 3451698 |
| expression of the major glycoprotein g of human respiratory syncytial virus from recombinant vaccinia virus vectors. | the major glycoprotein, g, of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus is a mr 84,000-90,000 species that has about 60% of its mass contributed by carbohydrate, most of which is in the form of o-linked oligosaccharides. the g protein contains neither a hydrophobic n-terminal signal sequence nor a hydrophobic c-terminal anchor region. instead, its amino acid sequence reveals only one region with significant hydrophobic character, which is between residues 38 and 66. in order to study the synthesis, ... | 1986 | 3455762 |
| [cowpox virus infection in a young girl]. | an genuine cowpox virus was isolated in a 6-year-old girl with a circumscribed skin lesion between the thumb and forefinger. in the beginning, the lesion was a proliferating skin change, which later became ulcerative with central hemorrhagic necrosis (umbilicated pock). electron microscopy as well as histological, biological (cell and host range) and serological methods were used to characterize the virus. cats and rodents are discussed as potential virus carriers. voluntary vaccination against ... | 1987 | 3453696 |
| vaccinia core transcription prevents in vitro depolymerization of polyribosomes in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. | when a rabbit reticulocyte lysate is incubated in the presence of vaccinia cores, protein synthesis is impaired at the level of the initiation step and the polyribosomes are depolymerized. however, when the same system is coupled with virus transcription: a) protein synthesis is restored, b) the initiation step is not inhibited, and c) the polyribosomes are not disaggregated. a viral factor activated in the absence of virus transcription and not activated when rna synthesis occurs may be involve ... | 1987 | 3455255 |
| mapping the genomic location of the gene encoding alpha-amanitin resistance in vaccinia virus mutants. | to facilitate the determination of the genomic location of the vaccinia virus gene(s) encoding alpha-amanitin resistance (alpha r) (villarreal et al., j. virol. 51:359-366, 1984), a collection of alpha r, temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were isolated. the premise of these experiments was that mutants might be found whose dual phenotypes were the result of a single or two closely linked mutations. genetic analyses of the alpha rts mutant library revealed two mutants, alpha rts7 and alpha rts12 ... | 1986 | 3455730 |
| isolation of cowpox virus a-type inclusions and characterization of their major protein component. | a-type inclusions (ati)2 are large well-defined structures that appear in the cytoplasm during the late stages of the multiplication cycles of many poxviruses. the atis produced by the cprc1 strain of cowpox virus in strain 143 human osteosarcoma cells have been isolated and characterized. these inclusions which can be recovered in large amounts (about 20 mg per 10(9) cells), appear to consist entirely of a single protein species that has a molecular weight of 160,000. it is a late protein, stab ... | 1986 | 3456179 |
| poly(riboadenylic acid) preferentially inhibits in vitro translation of cellular mrnas compared with vaccinia virus mrnas: possible role in vaccinia virus cytopathology. | vaccinia virus-induced inhibition of host protein synthesis seems to be mediated by viral transcripts based on their differential inhibition of cellular mrna translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. in this study, we demonstrated that the removal of poly(riboadenylic acid) [poly(a)] from the in vitro viral transcripts abolished this inhibition in the same cell-free system. this observation led us to the finding that less than 1 microm poly(a) completely inhibited hela cell mrna transl ... | 1986 | 3456588 |