| factors involved in the expression of cowpox virus-specific antigen in sendai virus carrier cells. | formation of cowpox virus-specific cell surface antigen (cpvs-ag) hvj (sendai virus) carrier cells compared to that in parent cells. temperature shifts from 32 to 35 to 37 degrees c for these carrier cultures reduced this enhancing activity, making them equivalent to parent cells. the eclips phase and one-step growth of cpv in the carrier cells were shorter than in normal cells. extracts of carrier cells exhibited a stimulating activity causing the temporary rise and subsequent lowering of cpv i ... | 1976 | 185330 |
| differentiation of variola, monkeypox, and vaccinia antisera by radioimmunoassay. | poxvirus antisera adsorbed with "homologous" and "heterologous" poxvirus-infected chorioallantoic membranes (cam) were differentiated by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria). mixtures of the antiserum dilutions and infected cam were added directly (without centrifugation) to poxvirus-infected cam antigens affixed to wells of microtitration plates. the affixed antigens combined with unadsorbed antibodies, and the cross-reactive antigen-antibody complexes were removed by washing. the results showed ... | 1977 | 201390 |
| possible antigenic sub-divisions within the variola/vaccinia subgroup of poxviruses. | | 1977 | 196573 |
| poxvirus hosts and reservoirs. brief review. | | 1977 | 202224 |
| rescue of host-dependent conditional lethal mutants of vaccinia and rabbitpox viruses by yaba virus. brief report. | | 1977 | 202231 |
| a new approach in specific, active immunotherapy. | a vaccinia virus-lysed autochthonous tumor cell vaccine (vaccinia oncolysate) is introduced as a new specific, active immunotherapeutic agent against human cancer. mouse experiments showed the vaccine to be a safe and potent immune mechanism stimulator. human experimentation was undertaken in the knowledge of relative safety of the components of the vaccine, i.e. vaccinia vaccine and lysed, autochthonous tumor cells. vaccine-treated patients had advanced metastatic cancer but reacted to one or m ... | 1977 | 189895 |
| enhancement of virus growth produced by thiols and disulphides. | several thiols and disulphides have been found able both to shorten the latency phase and to increase the growth of several virus strains in cell cultures. | 1977 | 196894 |
| 5-o-alkylated derivatives of 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxyuridine as potential antiviral agents. anti-herpes activity of 5-propynyloxy-2'-deoxyuridine. | alkylation of 5-hydroxyuridine or 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxyuridine with various activated alkylating agents in the presence of 1 equiv of naoh gave a series of new nucleoside analogues which were evaluated for antiviral activity against vaccinia virus, herpes simplex-1 virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus in both primary rabbit kidney cells and human skin fibroblasts. one of these analogues, 5-propynyloxy-2'-deoxyuridine, was a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus. structure-activity consideration ... | 1978 | 202709 |
| [determination of autohemolysin formation using the plaque test. demonstration of autoimmune phenomena following vaccinations and infections]. | a simple and sensitive modification of the plaque assay for the evaluation of autohaemolysin-producing cells (apc) in the peripheral blood is described: very small chambers, (volume less than or equal to 0.03 cc) made out of glass slides (75 x 25 mm), are filled with a diluted (1:7) blood cell suspension. after incubation for 26 hours the haemolytic plaques produced by apc in the thin monolayer of blood cells can be counted under the microcope at a magnification up to 320-fold. the number of apc ... | 1977 | 190096 |
| comparison of antiviral and antitumor activity of activated macrophages. | | 1977 | 191199 |
| isolation of two dna-binding proteins from the intracellular replication complex of vaccinia virus. | | 1978 | 203092 |
| quantitative immunoelectrophoretic studies of the l and s antigens of vaccinia virus. | the l (10s) and s (7s) antigens of vaccinia virus have been characterized by their sensitivity to heat, to proteolytic enzymes and to periodate. the l antigen was heat labile and inactivated by proteolytic enzymes and periodate. treatment with trypsin for 1 min indicated that the s antigen was built up of at least two protein subunits of about 3s and 5s. one of the subunits was highly sensitive to heat and to proteolytic enzymes. on further treatment with trypsin the other subunit was split in t ... | 1977 | 203163 |
| hindiii and sst i restriction sites mapped on rabbit poxvirus and vaccinia virus dna. | the dnas of two closely related orthopoxviruses, rabbit poxvirus (rpv) and vaccinia virus (vv), were mapped by overlapping-fragment analysis using restriction endonucleases hindiii and sst i. the exact arrangement of these fragments was accomplished by total digestion of isolated partial restriction products and by end-fragment determination. rpv and vv dnas showed identical restriction patterns in an internal region comprising approximately 60% of the genome. the size, by electrophoretical anal ... | 1977 | 197263 |
| poxvirus infection of the baboon (papio cynocephalus). | ten serial passages of monkeypox (mpv), vaccinia, variola, and chimpanzeepox (chimp-9) viruses were performed in baboons (papio cynocephalus) via skin scarification. comparisons of clinical and virological results indicate that mpv and vaccinia are very closely related and that variola and chimp-9 viruses are identical. these findings suggest that infections of simians with chimp-9 virus resulted from contact with variola virus, the source of which is still unknown. on the other hand, mpv in mon ... | 1976 | 191209 |
| structural polypeptides of several strains of orthopoxvirus. | | 1977 | 198638 |
| in vitro and in vivo inhibition of virus multiplicaton by microwave hyperthemia. | the effect of microwave hyperthermia (41 degrees and 43 degrees c) on virus multiplication have been explored in vitro (hsv-1 infected primary rabbit kidney cultures) and in vivo (mice infected with hsv-1 or vaccinia). in vitro the cells were inoculated with hsv-1 and heated to 41 degrees or 43 degrees c either before or after infection. virus yields were significantly decreased when the cells were exposed to hyperthemia within the first few hours after infection, while hyperthemia was without e ... | 1977 | 192183 |
| [potential virostatics. 1. quinoxalines]. | | 1977 | 203954 |
| [prevention and therapy of viral diseases with special reference to interferon]. | human leukocyte interferon (hli) was used for treatment of human diploid fibroblasts before and after infection with vaccinia virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv 2), and varicella zoster virus (vzv). vero cells were infected with medical lake macaque herpes virus (mlmv), and treated with hli in the same way. in all of these systems hli exhibited an antiviral effect when administered before infection, and this effect could be increased by additional hli tr ... | 1977 | 192653 |
| synthesis and antiviral and antimicrobial activity of certain 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-4,5-disubstituted imidazoles. | starting with aica ribonucleoside the following nucleosides were prepared. methyl 5-amino-1-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate (5) was converted into methyl 5-chloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate (6) via diazotization in the presence of cuprous chloride. similarly, 5-amino-1-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-ribofuanosyl)imidazole-4-carbonitrile (9) was converted into 5-chloro-, 5-bromo-, and 5-iodo-1-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-ribofura ... | 1976 | 184281 |
| interferon-induced transfer of viral resistance between animal cells. | | 1977 | 198670 |
| mammalian nucleolytic enzymes. | | 1977 | 198848 |
| [research on substances with antiviral activity. viii. benzindanoncarboxylic acids]. | new derivatives (esters, amides, nitriles, amidines, thiosemicarbazones and guanylhydrazones) of 1h-benz[e]indene-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-1-oxo-3-carboxylic acid and 1h-benz[e]indene-2,3-dihydro-7-methyl-3-oxo-1-carboxylic acid were prepared and tested for antiviral activities in vitro against vaccinia virus, hid stock and parainfluenza type 3 virus, ha-i/cr-8 stock. four compounds (ii g), (ii i), (iii b), (iii g), showed weak activity in vitro against vaccinia virus. | 1978 | 204512 |
| synthesis and anti-dna -virus activity of the 5'-monophosphate and the cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate of 9-(beta-d-xylofuranosyl) guanine. | 9-(beta-td-xylofuranosyl)guanine (xylo-g) was converted chemically to the 9-(beta-d-xylofuranosyl)guanine 5'-monophosphate (xylo-gmp) and 9-(beta-d-xylofuranosyl)guanine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate (c-xylo-gmp). these compounds were tested against a variety of dna viruses in tissue culture in parallel with 9-(beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (ara-a). this evaluation revealed that xylo-g, xylo-gmp, and c-xylo-gmp were all moderately active but less effective than ara-a. when the four compounds were ... | 1976 | 184282 |
| enhanced virus replication in mammalian cells exposed to commercial emulsifiers. | mammalian cell cultures were used to show that a variety of commercial emulsifiers are capable of enhancing the sensitivity of these cells to infection with several viruses. some emulsifiers were not active as enhancers, and those viruses that responded to the enhancing emulsifiers were single-stranded ribonucldic acid viruses. the double-stranded viruses that were tested were nonresponders. | 1978 | 205172 |
| antiviral activity of o'-methylated derivatives of adenine arabinoside. | | 1977 | 193517 |
| cell surface antigens induced by herpes simplex virus (hsv). | among the antigens induced by hsv on the surface of infected cells there are antigens binding anti-hsv antibodies by their combining (fab) site (hsv-ag), and others binding antibodies of various specificities, probably through their fc fragment (igr). hsv-ag were demonstrated by cytotoxicity and mixed agglutination tests; igr were made evident by passive hemadsorption. the ability to induce igr is especially characteristic of hsv-1 strains, being absent or limited with hsv-2 strains. igr were no ... | 1976 | 188230 |
| synthesis of n6- or 8-substituted 9-(beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-adenines and their antiviral activities against herpes simplex and vaccinia viruses. | | 1977 | 201386 |
| multiple sclerosis: cellular and humoral immune responses to several viruses. | one hundred and eight multiple sclerosis (ms) patients and 108 matched controls were studied for antibody levels and cellular immune responses to several viruses. there were significant increases in the mean titers of complement fixation (cf) or hemagglutination inhibition (hi), and complement-mediated cytotoxicity (cmc) tests for measles antibodies in ms patients; there was no increase in antibody titers to herpesviruses 1 and 2, or cytomegalovirus (cmv). the direct migration inhibition (dmi) t ... | 1978 | 206860 |
| molecular complexity of vaccinia dna and the presence of reiterated sequences in the genome. | | 1977 | 194409 |
| characterization of a dna-binding phosphoprotein from vaccinia virus replication complex. | | 1978 | 208247 |
| increased resistance of trisomic-21 cells to virus replication: role of interferon. | | 1978 | 208250 |
| 5,6-dihydro-5-azathymidine: in vitro antiviral properties against human herpesviruses. | 5,6-dihydro-5-azathymidine (dhadt), a novel water-soluble nucleoside antibiotic, inhibits herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in appropriately infected cell cultures to a greater extent than herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). vaccinia virus was less susceptible than hsv-2, and pseudorabies virus yields were not reduced at the concentrations studied. plaque formation by varicella-zoster virus was suppressed by dhadt. dhadt was slightly toxic to cells at concentrations that were inhibitory for h ... | 1978 | 208459 |
| determination of the mass of viruses by quantitative electron microscopy. | the photometric method of quantitative determination of dry mass by electron microscopy has been applied to the study of various types of viruses: animal, plant, insect, and bacterial. the method is applicable to all viruses having a mass of 1 x 10-18g or greater. the molecular weight of viruses can be calculated from the mass value by multiplying it by avogadro's number. in comparison to other methods of determining the molecular weight of viruses, sedimentation and diffusion, sedimentation equ ... | 1976 | 189345 |
| inactivation of cytomegalovirus and semliki forest virus by butylated hydroxytoluene. | butylated hydroxytoluene (bht) is an antioxidant that is widely used in foods because it prevents spoilage by delaying degradation of lipid components. this hydrophobic compound inactivated human and murine cytomegalovirus (cmv) and semliki forest virus (sfv). both human and murine cmv were inactivated more than 90% by 40 microgram of bht/ml after incubation for 1 hr at 37 c. under the same conditions, svf was inactivated about 75%, whereas poliovirus, which does not contain lipid membrane as a ... | 1978 | 210237 |
| sedimentation characteristics and molecular weights of three poxvirus dnas. | | 1978 | 210571 |
| attachment of herpes simplex virus to neurons and glial cells. | cells of brain tissue of rabbits, rats and mice were dissociated and glial cells, neuronal perikarya and synaptosomes were separated by centrifugation on discontinuous ficol gradients. hsv was shown to attach well to rat and rabbit glial cells and synaptosomes but not to neuronal perikarya. of intracerebrally infected mice the fractions with glial cells contained the infective virus. the interactions between hsv and neuronal cells and the implication of the observations on the hsv infection of t ... | 1978 | 211185 |
| synthesis and antiviral acticity of some phosphates of the broad-spectrum antiviral nucleoside, 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin). | 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide 5'-phosphate (2) was prepared and converted into the following derivatives: the 5'-phosphoramidate 3, the 5'-diphosphate 4, the 5'-triphosphate 5, and the cyclic 3',5'-phosphate 6. the cyclic 2',3'-phosphate 7 was prepared from the parent nucleoside, 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (1), and was opened to the 2'(3')-phosphate 8. these compounds were found to exhibit significant antiviral activity against several viruses in ce ... | 1978 | 211234 |
| in vivo and in vitro models of demyelinating diseases. ii. persistence and host-regulated thermosensitivity in cells of neural derivation infected with mouse hepatitis and measles viruses. | | 1978 | 211715 |
| [inactivation of viruses in water by anodic oxidation (author's transl)]. | the inactivating effect of anodic oxidation on viruses performed in an experimental electrolytic polarization unit was investigated with 11 different viruses suspended in tap and superficial water. furthermore attempts were made to define the influence of factors important in experimental and water respect. using concentrations up to 10(4) infectious units per ml representing a multiple quantity of the virus demonstrable in contaminated environmental waters all the viruses investigated could be ... | 1978 | 211753 |
| differential inhibitory effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on vaccinia and monkeypox viruses. | replication of vaccinia and monkeypox viruses was impeded in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (budr) in rl-33 cells derived from rabbit lung tissue. the different degree of inhibition was found among strains of those viruses, in which it was evident that five strains (cv-1, lister, ihd, dairen-i and ikeda) of vaccinia viruses resulted in more reduced yields of infectious virus than four strains (sen-19, orang utan, copenhagen and sierra leone) of monkeypox viruses. there was also strain varia ... | 1978 | 212474 |
| ir-genes in h-2 regulate generation of anti-viral cytotoxic t cells. mapping to k or d and dominance of unresponsiveness. | h-2 dependent and virus-specific ir genes regulate the generation of primary virus-specific k or d restricted cytotoxic t-cell responses in vivo. the following examples have been analyzed in some detail: first, dk restricted responses to vaccinia in sendai viruses are at least 30 times lower than the corresponding k-restricted responses irrespective of the h-2 haplotypes (k, b, d, dxs, dxq) of k and i regions; in contrast, lcmv infection generates high responses to dk. these findings are consist ... | 1978 | 212503 |
| survival of some viruses in the sea-water samples collected from the gulf of gdańsk. preliminary studies. | | 1976 | 189869 |
| activation of endogenous type c virus in balb/c mouse cells by herpesvirus dna. | several virion and nonvirion dnas were tested for the ability to activate endogenous type c virus in balb/c-derived mouse cells using the calcium precipitation technique. the dnas from all herpesviruses tested activated xenotropic type c virus synthesis. these included dnas from herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, epstein-barr virus, human cytomegalovirus, sa8 virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, pseudorabies virus, and herpes saimiri virus (m-dna). in contrast, dnas from vaccinia vir ... | 1978 | 212761 |
| [suppression of viral reproduction by means of specific action on the cell]. | | 1978 | 212895 |
| biogenesis of poxviruses: analysis of the morphogenetic sequence using a conditional lethal mutant defective in envelope self-assembly. | a conditional lethal, temperature-sensitive mutant of vaccinia, defective in assembly of the virus envelope and maturation, was characterized and shown to mimic exactly the aberrations produced by rifampicin. analyses of the infection at restrictive and permissive temperatures were conducted with electron microscopy, isotopic pulse-chase experiments in which polypeptides were separated by polyacrylamide slab gels, and assays of core enzymatic activities. the data collected by several approaches ... | 1977 | 194248 |
| cytotoxic interactions of virus specific effector cells with virus infected targets of different cell type. | the action of sendai virus specific cytolytic t lumphocytes (ctl) against sendai virus infected macrophages was found to be h-2 restricted while sendai virus infected cell lines, including fibroblasts and tumour cells, were lysed across the h-2 barrier to some extent. the properties of the meth-a tumour cell, which was resistant to lysis by allogenic killer cells was investigated. sendai virus specific ctl failed to kill sendai virus infected meth-a cells but after vaccinia virus infection these ... | 1977 | 194984 |
| improved synthesis and in vitro antiviral activities of 5-cyanouridine and 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine. | in order to evaluate the influence of the cyano group on the antiviral activity of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides, a moderate yield, unified approach to the synthesis of both 5-cyanouridine and 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine was developed. thus, treatment of the appropriate acetylated 5-bromouracil nucleoside with nacn or kcn in me2so at 90-110 degrees c gave, after deblocking, 35-45% yields of the corresponding 5-cyanouracil nucleosides. 5-cyanouridine was devoid of significant activity against vacci ... | 1977 | 195058 |
| oncogenic transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts with photoinactivated herpes simplex virus: rapid in vitro cloning of transformed cells. | | 1977 | 196034 |
| peritoneal macrophage activation indicated by enhanced chemiluminescence. | a number of studies have demonstrated the ability of various bacterial preparations, protozoa, and chemicals to activate macrophages and concomitantly to enhance host resistance to both tumors and infections. recently, viral infections have been shown to have a similar effect upon macrophage function. to better define the metabolic state of activated macrophages, we have evaluated the ability of peritoneal cells (pc) from vaccinia virus- or murine cytomegalovirus-infected or corynebacterium parv ... | 1978 | 213391 |
| virus infection of murine teratocarcinoma stem cell lines. | | 1977 | 202395 |
| comparison of five poxvirus genomes by analysis with restriction endonucleases hindiii, bami and ecori. | | 1978 | 202667 |
| dna-binding proteins in the cytoplasm of vaccinia virus-infected mouse l-cells. | mouse l cell fibroblasts were infected with vaccinia virus and labeled 2 to 3 h postinfection with [35s]methionine. labeled proteins were fractionated on native and denatured dna-cellulose columns and then analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. twenty-four 90,000 to 12,500, were detected. vdp-12a (molecular weight, 29,750) had affinity for denatured but not native dna, and its synthesis was dependent on viral dna replication. vdp-20 (molecular weight, 41,000) boun ... | 1978 | 202739 |
| cell-mediated immunity to measles virus in multiple sclerosis: correlation with disability. | the blastogenic transformation of lymphocytes on exposure to antigen was used to investigate cell-mediated immune responses to viruses implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. in 12 patients with "early" multiple sclerosis, lymphocyte reactivity to measles virus, parainfluenza virus, and vaccinia virus did not differ significantly from reactivity in a healthy control group. however, there was a significant inverse correlation between the lymphocyte blastogenic response to measles an ... | 1978 | 202889 |
| factors concerning the immunity to poxvirus infection. | two kinds of early antigens were shown in vaccinia-infected cells, one heat (56 degrees, 30 min)-stable (es antigen) and the other heat-labile (el antigen). both antigens do not induce circulating neutralizing antibody in rabbits, but resistance to intradermal inoculation of active virus was observed when animals were immunized with either antigen in combination with freund's complete adjuvant. vaccinia-specific haemagglutinin (vha) associated with infected cell membrane was purified and its ant ... | 1977 | 203217 |
| effect of vaccinia virus and herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, on the chromosomal system of human lymphocytes, in cultures in vitro. | | 1977 | 203354 |
| viral antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis and control patients: comparison between radioimmunoassay and conventional techniques. | cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to measles, rubella, vaccinia, herpes simplex, and varicella-zoster viruses in four patient study groups (clinically definite multiple sclerosis [ms], early probable ms, optic neuritis, and control patients with other neurological diseases) were assayed by radioimmunoassay, complement fixation, hemagglutination-inhibition, or complement-enhanced plaque reduction methods. antibodies were more frequently found and at higher dilutions by radioimmunoassay than by other ... | 1978 | 203605 |
| defective macrophage immunity in newborn rabbits with fibroma virus-induced tumors. | | 1978 | 203693 |
| [combined action of dna-synthesis inhibitors on the reproduction of dna viruses]. | | 1977 | 204162 |
| inhibition of a complete replication cycle of human cytomegalovirus in actinomycin pre-treated cells. | the study of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in cultures of human embryo lung fibroblasts, pre-treated with actinomycin d, has shown that under these conditions the virus infection does not proceed beyond the 'early' events of the virus replication cycle. in the same experimental conditions the growth of poliovirus type i, vaccinia virus and herpes simplex type i virus, was completely unaffected. these results suggest that the complete hcmv replication cycle requires some cellular function(s) betwe ... | 1979 | 217966 |
| identification and study of a poxvirus isolated from wild rodents in turkmenia. | a new poxvirus was isolated in 1974 from the kidney of a wild big gerbil (rhombomys opimus) caught in turkmenia, where these gerbils are wide-spread. the virus resembles cowpox virus and is markedly different from the virus of infectious ectromelia, the best-known poxvirus of rodents. the new virus is apparently identical to other poxvirus isolates made from white rats and felidae in the moscow zoo. experimental inoculation of the natural hosts--big gerbils and yellow susliks (citellus fulvus)-- ... | 1978 | 204271 |
| [antiviral effect of aqueous plant extracts in tissue culture]. | the aqueous extracts from 178 kinds of medicinal plants belonging to 69 families were examined from the point of their virustatic activity against herpes-, influenza-, vaccine- and poliovirus. 75 kinds proved to be virustatic against one or more kinds of virus. nearly one-third of the active plants belong to families that are known as especially rich in tannin. besides the virustatic activity a great number of extracts showed also a cytostatic activity. | 1978 | 204315 |
| physical characterization of a stomatitis papulosa virus genome: a cleavage map for the restriction endonucleases hindiii and ecori. | the genome of stomatitis papulosa virus (a parapoxvirus) was cleaved with the restriction endonucleases hindiii and ecori, each giving rise to 6 fragments respectively. double digestion with both enzymes resulted in 8 bands, two of which contained dna fragments in double molar concentrations as revealed by reciprocal digests of isolated dna fragments. the genome size, estimated by summation of the molecular weights of the fragments, is approximately 86 x 10(6) daltons, some 30 x 10(6) daltons sm ... | 1979 | 218532 |
| absence of interferon production in a newly established human cell line. | a cell line established from human embryonic lung, hel-r66, was demonstrated to be highly susceptible to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, vaccinia virus, newcastle disease virus (ndv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), western equine encephalitis (wee) virus, sindbis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), and rabies virus. the maximal yields of ndv, jev, wee virus, and rabies virus in this cell line exceeded by 2--4 logs those in control human embryonic lung cells. inability of this cell l ... | 1979 | 218901 |
| changes in whole blood and serum components during francisella tularensis and rabbit pox infections of rabbits. | rabbits infected with virulent francisella tularensis strain schu s4 or rabbit pox virus (utrecht strain) showed significant early changes in serum levels of trace metals, neutral fat and alkaline phosphatase activity. with f. tularensis infections a marked early leukopenia and a decrease in serum amino acids were also observed; the effect on amino acid levels was less pronounced in rabbit pox infections. in both diseases these changes preceded the appearance of acute phase globulins in the seru ... | 1977 | 204323 |
| potential role of amphotericin b methyl ester in the prevention and therapy of herpetic keratitis. | amphotericin b methyl ester (ame), a semisynthetic derivative of amphotericin b, was studied in the rabbit cornea for its potential role in prevention and therapy of hsv, vaccinia virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus. it was effective in the prevention of lesion formation by these three viruses and dose-related antiviral effects were shown. of these viruses hsv was the most sensitive to ame. the antiviral effect of ame was additive with those of idu and ribavirin. however, it was not effective ... | 1977 | 205016 |
| the virion and soluble antigen proteins of variola, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses. | the structural proteins in purified preparations of variola, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses were separated and compared by using a high resolution sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system. about 30 proteins were resolved for each virus by autoradiography of longitudinally-sliced gel rods. although the autoradioelectropherograms of each virus were similar, it was possible to differentiate them by their unique protein pattern in the 30,000 to 40,000 molecular weight region of the gels. a sin ... | 1977 | 205632 |
| antiviral action of benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-diones: 5-nitro-2-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) and 5-nitro-2-[2-(1-pyrrolidine)-ethyl] derivatives. | two benzo[de]isoquinoline-diones, namely 5-nitro-2-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione and 5-nitro-2-[2-(1-pyrrolidine)-ethyl]-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione, caused inhibition of the viral replication, when assayed against herpes simplex and vaccinia viruses in chick embryo cell cultures. influenza and sindbis virus replication were unaffected by these chemicals. virucidal effects were unobserved. the inhibitory activity is time-related. ocular and dermal infections with vac ... | 1979 | 221156 |
| activation of reticuloendothelial cells following infection with murine cytomegalovirus. | macrophage and reticuloendothelial system function was investigated in adult, female c3h mice during the course of a nonlethal infection with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). peritoneal macrophages harvested from mice infected three to 21 days previously were tumoricidal in vitro for a syngeneic mammary tumor cell line and showed antiviral activity by suppressing replication of vaccinia virus in a fibroblast monolayer. in addition, macrophages harvested from animals on days 7 and 14 after mcmv inf ... | 1979 | 221597 |
| (s)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine: an aliphatic nucleoside analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. | (s)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine, a novel nucleoside analog, the sugar moiety of which is replaced by an aliphatic chain, inhibits the replication in vitro of several dna and rna viruses, including vaccinia, herpes simplex (types 1 and 2), measles, and vesicular stomatitis. it is also effective in vivo in reducing the mortality rate of mice inoculated intranasally with vesicular stomatitis virus. | 1978 | 205946 |
| identification of orthopoxviruses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of intracellular polypeptides. i. four major groupings. | | 1979 | 222049 |
| antiviral effects of amphotericin b methyl ester. | the methyl ester of amphotericin b (ame) is water soluble, retains antifungal activity, and is significantly less toxic in mammals than amphotericin b. in contrast to amphotericin b, which is not water soluble, ame exhibits antiviral effects against vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, sindbis virus, and vaccinia virus in a plaque reduction assay. no antiviral effects could be demonstrated against the unenveloped adenovirus type 4 or echovirus type 11. the extent of vi ... | 1978 | 206201 |
| antiviral activity of aliphatic nucleoside analogues: structure-function relationship. | of a series of 58 aliphatic nucleoside analogues, (s)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine [(s)-dhpa] proved to be the most active congener, when assayed for antiviral activity in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures challenged with either vaccinia or vesicular stomatitis virus. whereas most analogues derived from substituted purine and pyrimidine bases and bearing various hydroxy- or amino-substituted alkyl chains did not show evidence of antiviral activity at a concentration of 2 mm, (s)-dhpa inhibit ... | 1979 | 222906 |
| synthesis and antiviral activities of arabinofuranosyl-5-ethylpyrimidine nucleosides. selective antiherpes activity of 1-(beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-ethyluracil. | | 1979 | 222908 |
| immunological studies of heat-labile virus inhibitors. i. specificity of absorption onto sensitive viruses and specific response after virus infections. | heat-labile virus inhibitor (hli) in normal sera of various mammalian species capable of neutralizing variola (vrv) and newcastle disease viruses (ndv) was studied immunologically. after sucrose density gradient centrifugation of guinea pig serum, the hli activity against vrv and that against ndv were both demonstrated in the same region sedimenting fastor than igm. absorption with partially purified vrv or ndv removed the hli activity on the homologous virus but not that on the other. prior sat ... | 1978 | 207952 |
| the use of cytochalasins in studies on the molecular biology of virus--host cell interactions. | in conclusion, one can say that the cytochalasins--in their brief history of application in virology--have proven to be valuable tools in studies on the molecular biology of virus--host cell interactions. on the other hand, viral systems can be useful in defining the primary sites of action of cytochalasins in certain cells. in interpreting the effects of cytochalasins on virus replication, however, one must take into consideration that the cytochalasins exert a wide variety of alterations in ce ... | 1978 | 208877 |
| vaccination against pox diseases under immunosuppressive conditions. | pox diseases, caused either by smallpox virus or zoonotic pox viruses or animals, continue to be of potential danger to a non-vaccinated population. mass vaccinations will become necessary and will then also be administered to persons with immunological aberrations. the vaccines which are presently used against smallpox cause severe complications in such hosts. in contrast, the attenuated vaccinia virus strain mva is safe even under the conditions of immunosuppression and is recommended for the ... | 1978 | 223909 |
| effect of viruses on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of human neutrophils. | the effects of newcastle disease, herpes simplex, vaccinia, encephalomyocarditis, vesicular stomatitis and reoviruses on in vitro function of neutrophils were studied in ficoll-hypaque-separated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) employing the technique of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. newcastle disease, herpes simplex vaccinia, and reoviruses depressed chemiluminescence by 98, 65, 46, and 29%, respectively, while encephalomyocarditis and vesicular stomatitis viruses had no inhibitory eff ... | 1979 | 223982 |
| effect of aphidicolin on viral and human dna polymerases. | | 1979 | 224865 |
| 1,2,4-triazole amino nucleosides. 1-beta-d-3'-amino-3'-deoxyribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide and related nucleosides. | the synthesis of 1-beta-d-3'-amino-3'-deoxyribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide--the 3'-amino analogue of ribavirin--and five related nucleoside analogues is described. each analogue exhibited ld50 concentrations greater than 100 microgram/ml against p-388 mouse lymphoid leukemia cells in tissue culture. antiviral testing indicated that none of the compounds exhibited significant activity. | 1977 | 201758 |
| inverted terminal repeats in rabbit poxvirus and vaccinia virus dna. | in both rabbit poxvirus and vaccinia virus dna have demonstrated an identical distribution of eight hinfi. the length of the terminal repeats was found to be 3.4 to 3.6 megadaltons (mdaltons) for rabbit poxvirus dna and 7.4 to 8.0 mdaltons for vaccinia virus dna. maps of the hinfi restriction sites within isolated ecori end fragments of rabbit poxvirus and vaccinia virus dna phave demonstrated an identical distribution of eight hinfi sites in an internal part (approximately 2 mdaltons) of the ec ... | 1978 | 212601 |
| antiviral potential of phosphonoacetic acid. | phosphonoacetate has been found to inhibit specifically the replication of herpes-viruses. a partial inhibition of vaccinia virus represents the only activity outside the herpesvirus class. the drug was found to be a specific inhibitor of the virus-induced dna polymerases. normal cellular polymerases were relatively insensitive to phosphonoacetate, resulting in low cellular toxicity. our working hypothesis is that the drug binds to the enzyme and that initiation of polynucleotide synthesis occur ... | 1977 | 212978 |
| contact inactivation of rna and dna viruses by n-methyl isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone and cuso4. | | 1977 | 212986 |
| orthopoxvirus strains defective in surface antigen induction. | various strains of vaccinia, variola, whitepox, monkeypox and cowpox viruses were examined for their capacity to induce a specific early antigen detectable on the surface of infected cells. the elstree strain of vaccinia, two strains of variola minor and white variants of cowpox and monkeypox viruses lacked the capacity to induce the antigen. variation of the parent cowpox and monkeypox viruses to white variants was always accompanied by the loss of the antigen-inducing capacity. | 1979 | 227999 |
| effect of a novel adenosine deaminase inhibitor (co-vidarabine, co-v) upon the antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo of vidarabine (vira-atm) for dna virus replication. | a new potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (co-vidarabine) was used in combination studies with adenine arabinoside (vidarabine, vira-atm) to protect this purine nucleoside from enzymatic deamination to the more weakly active metabolite, hypoxanthine arabinoside. comparing the combination to vidarabine alone, a significant increase (10-fold) of the antiviral activity of the combined drugs was observed against herpes and vaccinia viruses in tissue culture and subcutaneously, against cranial he ... | 1977 | 212990 |
| comparison of cowpox-like viruses isolated from european zoos. brief report. | poxviruses isolated from captive carnivores in russia (moscow virus) and elephants in germany (elephant virus) were very closely-related to cowpox virus. immunological analysis with absorbed sera separated elephant virus but not cowpox and moscow virus, whereas polypeptide analysis separated cowpox but not elephant and moscow virus. a combination of biological tests separated all three. the epidemiological implications are briefly reviewed. | 1979 | 229799 |
| effect of isoleucine deprivation of rabbitpox virus dna synthesis in mouse l cells. | synthesis of rabbitpox dna was inhibited in mouse l cells deprived of isoleucine. time-course patterns of incorporation of radiolabelled precursors into viral dna revealed that synthesis of viral dna began about 6 h after reversal of the isoleucine-deficient state. | 1975 | 213534 |
| high voltage electron microscopic observations of some poxviruses. | | 1977 | 214503 |
| [inhibition of vaccinia, sindbis and para-influenza virus replication by isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone derivative and methisazone in vitro and in vivo]. | | 1979 | 232050 |
| permeability changes of plasma and lysosomal membranes in hela cells infected with rabbit poxvirus. | infection of hela-cell monolayer cultures with rabbit poxvirus induces a marked decrease in cell-associated protein and in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase. this effect begins to occur around 10 hours post-infection (p.i.) and is accompanied by a concomitant rise of these enzyme activities in the culture medium. only few cells detach from infected monolayers and these cannot account for protein release. virion release can be inhibited at 4 degrees ... | 1978 | 215105 |
| the effect of mixed infections induced by adenovirus type 5 and vaccinia or smallpox virus, on the ultrastructure of kb cells ii. observations of changes in the ultrastructure of kb cells during 6--11 days infection with adenovirus type 5 and vaccinia virus. | | 1978 | 215254 |
| cell-free translation of purified virion-associated high-molecular-weight rna synthesized in vitro by vaccinia virus. | virion-associated high-molecular-weight (hmw) rna synthesized in vitro by purified vaccinia virus particles has been translated in a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesizing system. purified hmw rna directs the synthesis of translation products which are identical to the translation products made in response to in vitro-synthesized, virion-released 8 to 12s mrna. the translation of hmw rna proceeds exclusively through a 5'-terminal cap-mediated initiation step. furthermore, only one coding sequ ... | 1978 | 215785 |
| glycyrrhizic acid inhibits virus growth and inactivates virus particles. | screening investigations in antiviral action of plant extracts have revealed that a component of glycyrrhiza glabra roots, found to be glycyrrhizie acid, is active against viruses. we report here that this drug inhibits growth and cytopathology of several unrelated dna and rna viruses, while not affecting cell activity and ability to replicate. in addition, glycyrrhizic acid inactivates herpes simplex virus particles irreversibly. | 1979 | 233133 |
| 5-propyl-2'-deoxyuridine: a specific anti-herpes agent. | in both primary rabbit kidney cells and human skin fibroblasts, 5-propyl-2'-deoxyuridine proved inhibitory to herpes simplex virus at a concentration as low as 1 micrograms/ml, whereas concentrations higher than 200 micrograms/ml were required to inhibit vaccinia virus replication or normal cell metabolism. | 1978 | 233730 |
| enzymatic conversion of 5'-phosphate-terminated rna to 5'-di- and triphosphate-terminated rna. | we have isolated from vaccinia virus cores an enzyme, 5'-phosphate-polyribonucleotide kinase, that in the presence of atp and mg2+ catalyzes the conversion of 5'-phosphate and 5'-diphosphate termini of rna to the 5'-triphosphate species. with the exception of datp, other nucleoside triphosphates were inactive as phosphate donors; activity with datp was 10% of that observed with atp. the purified enzyme did not phosphorylate 5'-hydroxyl- or 5'-monophosphate-terminated polydeoxyribonucleotides, al ... | 1978 | 217000 |
| [substances having antiviral activity. ix. synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-acyl-2-halo-3-formylindole thiosemicarbazones]. | some thiosemicarbazones of 1-acyl-2-chloro-3-formylindoles were synthesized and investigated for antiviral activity against vaccinia virus, hid stock and parainfluenza virus type 3 ha-i/cr-8 stock. evidence of antiviral activity was found only against vaccinia virus, and was particular significant with the m-substituted 1-benzoyl-2-chloro-3-formylindoles. the first results of 2-substitution of chlorine by bromine in the indole skeleton, are reported. | 1978 | 217729 |
| replication of animal viruses in differentiating muscle cells: vaccinia and herpes simplex virus type 1. | cells cultured from the breast muscles of 11 to 12-day-old chick embryos were infected in the undifferentiated mitotic myoblast stage or in the terminally differentiated non-mitotic myotube stage with one of two dna viruses, vaccinia and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). dna synthesis was measured and production ov virus-specific dna detected in cells infected as myoblasts or myotubes by isotope labelling, autoradiographic and buoyant density centrifugation techniques. furthermore, fully fuse ... | 1978 | 217953 |
| isolation of vaccinia virus from children with postvaccinal encephalitis at late intervals after vaccination. | | 1975 | 235206 |
| 3-substituted adenines. in vitro enzyme inhibition and antiviral activity. | the direct alkylation of adenine at the 3 position has been extended to produce series of 3-alkyl-, 3-allyl-, and 3-(substituted benzyl)adenines. when these compounds were tested for enzyme inhibition and antiviral activity in vitro, 3-n-pentyladenine was found to be the most active compound in inhibiting the enzyme dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and 3-(2-bromobenzyl)adenine showed the most striking inhibition of multiplication of vaccinia virus and of herpes simplex virus in tissue culture. | 1979 | 218008 |
| [differences in the quality of vaccinia viruses with normal and abnormal post-vaccination course (with neurological complications) (author's transl)]. | conventional vaccinia strains were cultured at different temperatures, because it is known that vaccinia viruses which are human pathogens grow even at higher temperatures (41 degrees c). neither the vaccination strains nor the vaccinia viruses which were isolated from vaccination vesicles after normal (n equals 7) or abnormal primary vaccinations (n equals 2) multiplied at higher incubation temperatures; vaccinia viruses isolated from csf of four patients with neurological complications behaved ... | 1975 | 236900 |
| 5-substituted uracil arabinonucleosides as potential antiviral agents. | | 1979 | 218014 |