| detection and evaluation of antibody response to a baylisascaris-specific antigen in rodent hosts with the use of western blotting and elisa. | diagnosis of parasitic diseases that involve tissue-stage larvae is challenging, and serology remains the most effective antemortem test for detecting these infections. baylisascaris procyonis, the raccoon roundworm, is a zoonotic ascarid. raccoons are the usual definitive host, and humans may be infected as accidental hosts. more than 150 species of birds and mammals may act as paratenic hosts, and rodents play an important role in the transmission and maintenance of this parasite in nature. mi ... | 2018 | 30074878 |
| epidemiological and genetic studies suggest a common leishmania infantum transmission cycle in wildlife, dogs and humans associated to vector abundance in southeast spain. | leishmania infantum infection was investigated in 202 wild carnivores, rodents and lagomorphs in southeast spain using a real-time pcr (rtpcr) in skin and organ samples, mostly spleen. lesions compatible with leishmaniosis were not observed in any of the animals. prevalence defined as the percentage of rtpcr-positive animals was 32% overall, and 45% in foxes (n = 69), 30% in rabbits (n = 80) and stone martens (n = 10), 19% in wood mice (n = 16), 0% in black rats (n = 10) and ranged between 0% an ... | 2018 | 30056986 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in commensal rodents sampled across senegal, west africa. | risks related to toxoplasma gondii infection in humans remain poorly known in senegal. although rodent surveys could help to assess the circulation of t. gondii, they have seldom been set up in sub-saharan africa. the aim of this study was to examine toxoplasma seroprevalence in rodents from villages and towns across senegal. rodents were sampled in 40 localities using a standardised trapping protocol. detection of t. gondii antibodies was performed on 1205 rodents, using a modified agglutinatio ... | 2018 | 30016257 |
| detection of rat hepatitis e virus, but not human pathogenic hepatitis e virus genotype 1-4 infections in wild rats from lithuania. | rat hepatitis e virus (hev) is an orthohepevirus which is related to other hev found in humans and other mammals. it was first identified in norway rats (rattus norvegicus) from germany in 2010, and later it has been detected in black rats (rattus rattus) and norway rats from usa, china, indonesia, vietnam and many european countries. in this study, we describe molecular and serological investigations of black and norway rats trapped in lithuania, eastern europe, for infections with rat hev and ... | 2018 | 29981698 |
| trypanosoma cruzi load in synanthropic rodents from rural areas in chile. | trypanosoma cruzi is the agent of chagas disease, a major public health problem in latin america. many wild and domestic animals are naturally infected with t. cruzi; rodents are one of the groups which have been consistently detected infected in different countries. the aim of this work was to characterize blood t. cruzi load in naturally infected rodents from a chagas disease endemic region in chile. | 2018 | 29530074 |
| tick-borne pathogens in dogs, wild small mammals and their ectoparasites in the semi-arid caatinga biome, northeastern brazil. | caatinga is a biome exclusive to the semiarid zone of brazil, where studies on ticks and tick-borne diseases are scarce. herein, we investigated the occurrence of rickettsia, ehrlichia, and coxiella in wild mammals, domestic dogs and their ectoparasites using molecular and serological techniques. during 2014-2016, blood samples and ectoparasites were collected from 70 small mammals (51 rodents, 18 marsupials, 1 wild canid) and 147 domestic dogs in three areas of the caatinga. through serological ... | 2020 | 32111546 |
| reservoirs of porcine circoviruses: a mini review. | porcine circovirus (pcv) is one of the smallest known dna viruses in mammals. at present, pcvs are divided into three species, pcv1, pcv2, and pcv3. pcv1 and pcv2 were found in the 1970s and the 1990s, respectively, whereas pcv3 was discovered recently in 2016. pcv1 does not cause diseases in pigs. however, pcv3, similar to pcv2, is reported to be associated with several swine diseases, including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns) and reproductive failure. pcvs are very common in ... | 2019 | 31616677 |
| efficacy of management and monitoring methods to prevent post-harvest losses caused by rodents. | the presence of pest rodents around food production and storage sites is one of many underlying problems contributing to food contamination and loss, particularly influencing food and nutrition security in low-income countries. by reducing both pre- and post-harvest losses by rodents, millions of food-insecure people would benefit. as there are limited quantitative data on post-harvest rice losses due to rodents, our objectives were to assess stored rice losses in local households from eight rur ... | 2020 | 32917037 |
| molecular investigation of tick-borne pathogens in ixodid ticks infesting domestic animals (cattle and sheep) and small rodents (black rats) of corsica, france. | although livestock farming (sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle) is an important economic activity in corsica, a french mediterranean island, knowledge about the tick fauna and microorganisms carried by them remains scarce. this study aimed to investigate the presence and perform molecular characterization of anaplasmataceae, rickettsia spp., and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) in tick species collected in corsica. ticks from cattle (bos taurus), sheep (ovis aries), and rodents (rattus rattus) w ... | 2019 | 30777731 |
| population increase and changes in behavior and morphology in the critically endangered redonda ground lizard (pholidoscelis atratus) following the successful removal of alien rats and goats. | redonda is a small volcanic caribbean island that is home to at least four endemic lizard species, including the critically endangered ground lizard, pholidoscelis atratus. black rats (rattus rattus) and domestic goats (capra hircus) were introduced to the island at some time after its discovery by europeans in the late 1500s. they had a devastating effect on the island, resulting in the loss of nearly all trees and most of the ground vegetation. point count surveys of p. atratus in 2012 indicat ... | 2020 | 33166046 |
| molecular characterization of calodium hepaticum in grey dwarf hamster (cricetulus migratorius). | calodium hepaticum (bancroft, 1893) moravec, 1982 (syn. capillaria hepatica) is a zoonotic nematode that causes hepatic capillariosis, an uncommon zoonotic infection. the nematode is globally distributed and parasitizes the liver of mammals, mainly muroidea. cricetulus migratorius pallas, 1773 (cricetinae) was rarely reported as a host for c. hepaticum. in turkey, c. hepaticum was recorded in three rodent species; rattus rattus, r. norvegicus, and apodemus flavicollis. in this study, c. migrator ... | 2020 | 32407938 |
| prevalence of hepatozoon and sarcocystis spp. in rodents and their ectoparasites in nigeria. | using polymerase chain reaction targeting the 18s rrna gene and dna sequencing the prevalence and diversity of apicomplexa and piroplasmida infections in rodents from nigeria was studied. overall, 13 of 194 (7.7%) rodent blood samples tested were positive for hepatozoon spp. while 2 (1.0%) were positive for sarcocystis dispersa. hepatozoon spp. dna was detected in all the rodentspecies tested except neotoma spp., and was most prevalent (50%) in the african giant rat (cricetomys gambianus), follo ... | 2018 | 30071191 |
| differential immune gene expression associated with contemporary range expansion in two invasive rodents in senegal. | biological invasions are major anthropogenic changes associated with threats to biodiversity and health. however, what determines the successful establishment and spread of introduced populations remains unclear. here, we explore several hypotheses linking invasion success and immune phenotype traits, including those based on the evolution of increased competitive ability concept. we compared gene expression profiles between anciently and recently established populations of two major invading sp ... | 2020 | 33106535 |
| molecular survey of bartonella spp. in rodents and fleas from chile. | the aim of this study was to molecularly survey bartonella spp. in rodents from the valdivia province, southern chile and from wild black rat-fleas in guafo island, chilean patagonia. thrity-three spleens from synanthropic (mus musculus, rattus novergicus and rattus rattus) and wild (abrothrix longipilis, oligoryzomys longicaudatus, abrothrix sp.) rodents from valdivia and 39 fleas/flea-pools (plocopsylla sp. and nosopsyllus sp.) from r. rattus in guafo island were obtained. all samples were scr ... | 2020 | 32835672 |
| a vkorc1-based snp survey of anticoagulant rodenticide resistance in the house mouse, norway rat and roof rat in the usa. | we conducted a vitamin k epoxide reductase subcomponent 1 (vkorc1)-based nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (nssnp) screen with focus on the house mouse (mus musculus domesticus), but that also considered the norway rat (rattus norvegicus) and roof rat (r. rattus) in the usa. | 2020 | 32687688 |
| pathogenic leptospira species in rodents from corsica (france). | leptospirosis is a worldwide emerging zoonotic disease caused by leptospira species, that in some patients develop severe forms with high mortality. in france, corsica is the area where the highest incidences have been reported. the present study was focused on the analysis of pathogenic leptospira species in rodents of corsica, as these micromammals are the main natural reservoirs of the bacteria, in order to identify the circulating species and to locate possible risk focuses of transmission, ... | 2020 | 32502160 |
| zoonotic gastrointestinal helminths in rodent communities in southern guatemala. | rodents are reservoirs and hosts of several pathogens around the world, including zoonotic parasite species. this study aimed to determine the occurrence of zoonotic gastrointestinal helminths in rodents captured inside households in a rural community from southern guatemala. sixty-nine rodents were captured in 33% (49/148) of the surveyed households, including rattus rattus, rattus norvegicus, mus musculus, and sigmodon hispidus. thirty-six percent (25/69) of these rodents (3 rattus and 22 mus ... | 2020 | 32227228 |
| rapid host expansion of an introduced parasite, the spiny rat louse polyplax spinulosa (psocodea: phthiraptera: polyplacidae), among endemic rodents in australia. | historical european exploration and colonization resulted in the introduction of four species of rodents to the australian continent from eurasia: the brown rat, rattus norvegicus, the black rat, r. rattus, the pacific rat, r. exulans, and the house mouse, mus musculus. the spread of these rodents created opportunities for their co-introduced sucking lice to parasitize and adapt to endemic rodents in australia. | 2020 | 32070404 |
| synanthropic rodents as virus reservoirs and transmitters. | this review focuses on reports of hepatitis e virus, hantavirus, rotavirus, coronavirus, and arenavirus in synanthropic rodents (rattus rattus, rattus norvegicus, and mus musculus) within urban environments. despite their potential impact on human health, relatively few studies have addressed the monitoring of these viruses in rodents. comprehensive control and preventive activities should include actions such as the elimination or reduction of rat and mouse populations, sanitary education, redu ... | 2020 | 32049206 |
| genetic diversity and lack of molecular evidence for hemoplasma cross-species transmission between wild and synanthropic mammals from central-western brazil. | globally, hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) comprise an emerging or remerging bacteria group that attaches to red blood cells of several mammal's species and in some cases, causing hemolytic anemia. herein, we assessed the occurrence, genetic diversity, the factors coupled to mammals infection, and the phylogeographic distribution of hemoplasmas in sylvatic and synanthropic mammals and their associated ectoparasites from brazil. we collected spleen and/or blood samples from synanthropic roden ... | 2020 | 31857081 |
| molecular detection of leptospira spp. in rodents trapped in the mozambique island city, nampula province, mozambique. | leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by a bacteria of the genus leptospira. in africa it is frequently mistaken for frequently occurring conditions such as malaria. the aim of this study was to identify rodent species involved in the transmission of the disease, the prevalence of pathogenic leptospira spp. in selected rodent species and risk factors for human leptospirosis. | 2018 | 31681910 |
| evidence of toxoplasma gondii in rodents from bangladesh. | rodents contribute to the life cycle of the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii as an intermediate host and key prey animal of cats, the definitive host. as there is limited scientific knowledge available about the incidence and prevalence of t. gondii in commensal rodents in many asian countries, we tested rodents from a commercial rice mill and eight local villages in bangladesh for the presence of t. gondii dna using rodent brain material preserved in ethanol. overall, 10 of 296 (3.4%) roden ... | 2019 | 31343397 |
| genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii from wild rodents in sichuan province, southwestern china. | wild rodents are the intermediate hosts of toxoplasma gondii. the distribution of genetic diversity of t. gondii in wild rodents is of importance to understand the transmission of this parasite. this study aimed to genetically characterize t. gondii isolates from wild rodents in sichuan province, southwestern china in 2013. | 2020 | 31123474 |
| prevalence and genotype identification of toxoplasma gondii in suburban rodents collected at waste disposal sites. | to assess the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in native and commensal rodents as indicators of environmental pollution, we analyzed brain tissue from small mammals collected on legal and illegal waste sites in the slovenian and croatian parts of istria. a total of 136 animals and five species of the family muridae were analyzed: black rat (rattus rattus), domestic mouse (mus musculus), wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus), striped field mouse (apodemus agrarius), and yellow-necked mouse (a ... | 2019 | 31041898 |
| toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections in synanthropic rodents from argentina. | toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum are closely related coccidian parasites (phylum apicomplexa). this is the first study from urban synanthropic rodent species that involved serological and molecular diagnosis of t. gondii and n. caninum infection, and genotyping of t. gondii in argentina. a total of 127 rodent samples were trap captured: mus musculus (n = 78), rattus norvegicus (n = 26) and rattus rattus (n = 23). antibodies against t. gondii and n. caninum were detected by ifat in 32.8% (4 ... | 2019 | 30916257 |
| patterns of helminth infections in rattus rattus and mus musculus from two mayan communities in mexico. | the black rat rattus rattus and the house mouse mus musculus are two commensal rodent species that harbour and shed zoonotic pathogens, including helminths. the aim of this survey was to study the helminth community and the patterns of infections in r. rattus and m. musculus from two mayan communities in mexico. gastrointestinal helminths were isolated from 322 m. musculus and 124 r. rattus, including gongylonema neoplasticum, hassalstrongylus aduncus, hassalstrongylus musculi, hydatigera taenia ... | 2019 | 30714552 |
| structure of parasite communities in urban environments: the case of helminths in synanthropic rodents. | identifying patterns with sufficient predictive power is a constant challenge for ecologists to address ecological problems related to species conservation, pollution or infectious disease control. during the last years, the amounts of parasitological studies in this sense increased, but they are still scarce in urban environments. the main aim of this study was to investigate if the helminth communities of urban rodents are structured within host assembly (compound community) or they are a resu ... | 2018 | 30183669 |
| isotopic evidence for niche partitioning and the influence of anthropogenic disturbance on endemic and introduced rodents in central madagascar. | we applied a multi-isotope approach to examine aspects of niche partitioning, competition, and mobility for rodents in the central highlands of madagascar. specifically, we used carbon (δ13c), nitrogen (δ15n), and strontium (87sr/86sr) isotope ratios in bone to investigate diet and mobility for endemic tufted tail rats (eliurus spp.), and introduced black rats (rattus rattus) and house mice (mus musculus) within and outside a fragment of montane humid forest in the ambohitantely special reserve. ... | 2018 | 29959538 |
| leishmania major and trypanosoma lewisi infection in invasive and native rodents in senegal. | bioinvasion is a major public health issue because it can lead to the introduction of pathogens in new areas and favours the emergence of zoonotic diseases. rodents are prominent invasive species, and act as reservoirs in many zoonotic infectious diseases. the aim of this study was to determine the link between the distribution and spread of two parasite taxa (leishmania spp. and trypanosoma lewisi) and the progressive invasion of senegal by two commensal rodent species (the house mouse mus musc ... | 2018 | 29958273 |
| a checklist of the helminth parasites of sympatric rodents from two mayan villages in yucatán, méxico. | in this survey, 19 species of helminths including cestoda (davaineidae, hymenolepididae, and taeniidae), acanthocephala (oligacanthorhynchidae), and nematoda (trichuridae, ornithostrongylidae, heligmonellidae, oxyuridae, and gongylonematidae) from rattus rattus, mus musculus, sigmodon toltecus, heteromys gaumeri, and peromyscus yucatanicus in two mayan villages in yucatán, méxico, were recorded. ten species of helminths were collected in both localities. the highest species richness was recorded ... | 2018 | 29690219 |
| rodents are carriers of clostridioides difficile strains similar to those isolated from piglets. | features of clostridioides difficile transmission in swine and the role of rodents as c. difficile reservoir are not clear. to investigate if rodents can carry strains of c. difficile that are genetically similar to those isolated from swine, 97 fecal samples from neonatal piglets and 41 intestinal contents from rodents were collected in two farms. all samples were subjected to c. difficile culture and the presence of a/b toxins in piglet feces were accessed by commercial enzyme imunoassay (eia) ... | 2018 | 29680295 |
| endoparasites of small mammals in edo state, nigeria: public health implications. | some small mammals occur as household pests and harbour a number of parasites that could be of public health importance. this study profiled the helminth and protozoan parasites in trapped small mammals within and around human dwelling places (houses) located across 4 major towns (auchi, benin, ekpoma, and uromi) and environs in edo state, nigeria. six genera (apodemus sp., crocidura sp., mastomys natalensis, mus musculus, rattus sp., and sorex sp.) were identified from 502 trapped small mammals ... | 2018 | 29529857 |
| photons and foraging: artificial light at night generates avoidance behaviour in male, but not female, new zealand weta. | avoiding foraging under increased predation risk is a common anti-predator behaviour. using artificial light to amplify predation risk at ecologically valuable sites has been proposed to deter introduced mice (mus musculus) and ship rats (rattus rattus) from degrading biodiversity in island ecosystems. however, light may adversely affect native species; in particular, little is known about invertebrate responses to altered lighting regimes. we investigated how endemic orthopterans responded to a ... | 2018 | 29414377 |
| [the role of rodents in the transmission of leptospira spp. in swine farms]. | different species of rodents are potential transmitters of multiple zoonotic agents such as leptospira spp., a spirochete that causes leptospirosis. this is an infectious disease that has a negative impact on pig production because it generates large productive, reproductive and economic losses. in swine farms, the most common rodent species are house mice (mus musculus), brown rats (rattus norvegicus) and black rats (rattus rattus), which act as maintenance hosts for different serovars of lepto ... | 2019 | 30183862 |
| molecular survey for cyst-forming coccidia (toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, sarcocystis spp.) in mediterranean periurban micromammals. | rodents and other micromammals constitute important reservoirs of infectious diseases; their role in the life cycle of apicomplexan parasites such as toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and sarcocystis spp. still needs clarification. in the present study, we analyzed by pcr and sanger sequencing methods the presence of specific parasite dna within brain and heart tissues of 313 individuals of five synanthropic small mammal species (apodemus sylvaticus, mus spretus, m. musculus, rattus rattus, a ... | 2020 | 32588173 |
| widespread arenavirus occurrence and seroprevalence in small mammals, nigeria. | lassa fever, killing thousands of people annually, is the most reported viral zoonotic disease in nigeria. recently, different rodent species carrying diverse lineages of the lassa virus (lasv) in addition to a novel mobala-like genetic sequence were detected within the country. here, screening 906 small mammal specimens from 11 localities for igg antibodies and incorporating previous pcr detection data involving the same populations, we further describe arenavirus prevalence across nigeria in r ... | 2018 | 30005641 |
| redescription and molecular characterization of sarcocysts of sarcocystis cymruensis from norway rats (rattus norvegicus) and sarcocystis ratti from black rats (r. rattus) in china. | in the present study, sarcocysts of sarcocystis cymruensis were found in four of 42 (9.5%) norway rats and those of s. ratti were observed in six of 60 (10%) black rats in china. with light microscopy, the sarcocysts of the two parasites were microscopic, and had smooth, thin cyst walls (≤ 1 μm). ultrastructurally, the sarcocysts of s. cymruensis had small, osmiophilic, bleb-like protrusions, similar to type 1c; those of s. ratti had a cyst wall with regular, short, conical protrusions, similar ... | 2020 | 32944798 |
| first mtdna sequences and body measurements for rattus norvegicus from the mediterranean island of cyprus. | invasive species are the primary driver of island taxa extinctions and, among them, those belonging to the genus rattus are considered as the most damaging. the presence of black rat (rattus rattus) on cyprus has long been established, while that of brown rat (rattus norvegicus) is dubious. this study is the first to provide molecular and morphological data to document the occurrence of r. norvegicus in the island of cyprus. a total of 223 black rats and 14 brown rats were collected. each sample ... | 2020 | 32764388 |
| rapidrat: development, validation and application of a genotyping-by-sequencing panel for rapid biosecurity and invasive species management. | invasive alien species (ias) are among the main causes of global biodiversity loss. invasive brown (rattus norvegicus) and black (r. rattus) rats, in particular, are leading drivers of extinction on islands, especially in the case of seabirds where >50% of all extinctions have been attributed to rat predation. eradication is the primary form of invasive rat management, yet this strategy has resulted in a ~10-38% failure rate on islands globally. genetic tools can help inform ias management, but ... | 2020 | 32555734 |
| rattus population genomics across the haida gwaii archipelago provides a framework for guiding invasive species management. | invasive species have led to precipitous declines in biodiversity, especially in island systems. brown (rattus norvegicus) and black rats (r. rattus) are among the most invasive animals on the planet, with eradication being the primary tool for established island populations. the need for increased research for defining eradication units and monitoring outcomes has been highlighted as a means to maximize success. haida gwaii is an archipelago ~100 km off the northern coast of british columbia, c ... | 2020 | 32431741 |
| history, rats, fleas, and opossums: the ascendency of flea-borne typhus in the united states, 1910-1944. | flea-borne typhus, due to rickettsiatyphi and rickettsiafelis, is an infection causing fever, headache, rash, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, and diverse organ manifestations. although most cases are self-limited, 26%-28% have complications and up to one-third require intensive care. flea-borne typhus was recognized as an illness similar to epidemic typhus, but having a milder course, in the southeastern united states and tx from 1913 into the 1920s. kenneth maxcy of the us public health service (u ... | 2020 | 32121541 |
| ectoparasites of brown rats (rattus norvegicus) in grenada, west indies. | arthropod ectoparasites (mites, lice, ticks, and fleas) on common house rats or brown rats (rattus norvegicus) are known to transmit zoonotic pathogens and diminish rat health. to the best of our knowledge, there is no published information regarding the prevalence of ectoparasites on r. norvegicus in grenada. this study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of ectoparasites present on brown rats from grenada. | 2019 | 31749572 |
| long-term retrospective observation reveals stabilities and variations of hantavirus infection in hebei, china. | hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is an emerging zoonotic infectious disease caused by hantaviruses which circulate worldwide. so far, it was still considered as one of serious public health problems in china. the present study aimed to reveal the stabilities and variations of hantavirus infection in hebei province located in north china through a long-term retrospective observation. | 2019 | 31477045 |
| morphological and molecular description of sarcocystis ratti n. sp. from the black rat (rattus rattus) in latvia. | rodents have been widely studied as intermediate hosts of sarcocystis; however, only a few reports on these parasites in the black rat (rattus rattus) are known. having examined 13 black rats captured in latvia, sarcocysts were found in skeletal muscles of two mammals and were described as sarcocystis ratti n. sp. under a light microscope, sarcocysts were ribbon-shaped, 0.9-1.3 × 0.09-0.14 mm in size and had a thin (0.8-1.3 μm) and smooth cyst wall. the lancet-shaped bradyzoites were 8.3 × 4.3 ( ... | 2019 | 31297600 |
| seroprevalence of rodent pathogens in wild rats from the island of st. kitts, west indies. | a pilot seroprevalence study was conducted to document exposure to selected pathogens in wild rats inhabiting the caribbean island of st. kitts. serum samples collected from 22 captured wild rats (rattus norvegicus and rattus rattus) were tested for the presence of antibodies to various rodent pathogens using a rat mfi2 serology panel. the samples were positive for cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (13/22; 59.1%), clostridium piliforme (4/22; 18.2%), mycoplasma pulmonis (4/22; 18.2%), pneumo ... | 2019 | 31083284 |
| rat-borne diseases at the horizon. a systematic review on infectious agents carried by rats in europe 1995-2016. | to investigate the spectrum of rat-borne pathogens circulating in europe a systematic review spanning across 55 european countries during the years 1995-2016 was performed. the study surveyed viruses, bacteria, macroparasites and unicellular eukaryotes (protozoa). fifty-three different infectious agents, all with zoonotic potential, were reported to be carried by commensal rats; 48 by the brown rat (rattus norvegicus) and 20 by the black rat (r. rattus). there was a tendency for rural areas to h ... | 2019 | 30834071 |
| prevalence of wēnzhōu virus in small mammals in yunnan province, china. | mammarenaviruses are associated with human hemorrhagic fever diseases in africa and america. recently, a rodent mammarenavirus, wēnzhōu virus (wenv) and related viruses, have been reported in china, cambodia, and thailand. moreover, in cambodia, these viruses were suspected to be associated with human disease. in china, yunnan province is famous for its abundant animal and plant diversity and is adjacent to several south-eastern asia countries. therefore, it is necessary to know whether wenv-rel ... | 2019 | 30768614 |
| norway and black rats in europe: potential reservoirs for zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens? | norway rats (rattus norvegicus) and black rats (r. rattus) are known to be cosmopolitan reservoirs for zoonotic agents. nevertheless, little is known about prevalence and distribution of arthropod-borne pathogens in rats from europe. therefore, this survey focused on the detection of arthropod-borne pathogens. spleen-derived dna samples were available from 528 norway rats and 74 black rats collected in several european countries. further, these samples were processed by polymerase chain reaction ... | 2019 | 30624020 |
| a new species of sucking louse hoplopleura villosissima n. sp. (psocodea: phthiraptera: hoplopleuridae) and a new host record of the spiny rat louse polyplax spinulosa burmeister, 1839 (psocodea: phthiraptera: polyplacidae) from the long-haired rat rattus villosissimus waite (rodentia: muridae) in australia. | the sucking louse fauna of endemic australian rodents has been under-studied for decades. sixty-five species of native rodents have been recorded in australia. however, only 11 species of lice have been reported from 11 species of endemic australian rodents. | 2018 | 30139365 |
| genetic differentiation of the oriental rat flea, xenopsylla cheopis, from two sympatric host species. | the oriental rat flea (xenopsylla cheopis), which infests several mammals, primarily rats (rattus spp.), is the most notorious vector of human plague. in this study, we measured the genetic differentiation among populations of fleas from the asian house rat (rattus tanezumi) and the brown rat (r. norvegicus) using microsatellite markers in order to investigate the extent of host-switching in this parasite. | 2018 | 29884224 |
| clinical infection in house rats (rattus rattus) caused by streptobacillus notomytis. | rat bite fever is an under-reported, under-diagnosed emerging zoonosis with worldwide distribution. besides spirillum minus, streptobacillus moniliformis is the major causative microorganism although it usually colonises rats without any clinical signs. a group of house rats (rattus rattus) kept in a zoo exhibition for educational purposes suffered from neurological signs including disorientation, torticollis, stall walking, ataxia and death. gross pathological and histo-pathological examination ... | 2018 | 29671179 |
| molecular characterization of cosmopolitan and potentially co-invasive helminths of commensal, murid rodents in gauteng province, south africa. | concurrent studies of helminth parasites of introduced and native rodent species are few and miss the opportunity to identify potential co-invasive parasite species. this study employed molecular tools to infer the phylogeny and elucidate the origin of potentially co-invasive parasites of commensal, murid rodents by assessing introduced rattus norvegicus, rattus rattus, rattus tanezumi, and native mastomys coucha in gauteng province, south africa. genotypes of nippostrongylus brasiliensis recove ... | 2018 | 29623437 |
| spatial modeling of rat bites and prediction of rat infestation in peshawar valley using binomial kriging with logistic regression. | in this study, we propose to develop a geostatistical computational framework to model the distribution of rat bite infestation of epidemic proportion in peshawar valley, pakistan. two species rattus norvegicus and rattus rattus are suspected to spread the infestation. the framework combines strengths of maximum entropy algorithm and binomial kriging with logistic regression to spatially model the distribution of infestation and to determine the individual role of environmental predictors in mod ... | 2018 | 29574620 |
| rat-bites of an epidemic proportion in peshawar vale; a gis based approach in risk assessment. | contemporary studies demonstrate that rodent bites do not occur frequently. however, a huge number of cases were reported from peshawar vale, pakistan during 2016. two species, the local black rat rattus rattus (linnaeus, 1758) and the invasive brown rat rattus norvegicus (berkenhout, 1769) might be the suspected cause. several studies indicated the invasion of brown rats into pakistan presumably via port city of karachi. in this study, we modeled geospatial distribution of rodent bites for risk ... | 2018 | 29556789 |
| molecular genetic diversity of gongylonema neoplasticum (fibiger & ditlevsen, 1914) (spirurida: gongylonematidae) from rodents in southeast asia. | more than a dozen gongylonema spp. (spirurida: spiruroidea: gongylonematidae) have been described from a variety of rodent hosts worldwide. gongylonema neoplasticum (fibiger & ditlevsen, 1914), which dwells in the gastric mucosa of rats such as rattus norvegicus (berkenhout) and rattus rattus (linnaeus), is currently regarded as a cosmopolitan nematode in accordance with global dispersion of its definitive hosts beyond asia. to facilitate the reliable specific differentiation of local rodent gon ... | 2018 | 29446034 |
| response of dominant rodents to coumatetralyl and bromadiolone in greater cairo, egypt. | since the 1950s, anticoagulant rodenticides are used to control rodents in public health and agriculture sectors. the extensive use of these compounds has acted as selective force to rodents, leading to resistance. resistance mechanisms have been iden- tified in rats and mice, including the modification of the enzyme that activates vitamin k, vitamin k epoxide reductase (vkor). susceptibility levels of the norway rat, rattus norvegicus and the roof rat, rattus rattus to coumatetralyl (first gene ... | 2016 | 30230752 |
| wild black rats (rattus rattus linnaeus, 1758) as zoomonitor of genotoxicity and systemic toxicity induced by hazardous emissions from abule egba unsanitary landfill, lagos, nigeria. | wild black rats (rattus rattus) inhabiting abule egba landfill (ael) were used as zoomonitor to assess health risk associated with exposure to hazardous chemicals from landfills. twenty five r. rattus (16♂ and 9♀) captured within ael and 15 (9♂ and 6♀) (control) caught from iyano ipaja (10 km away from ael) were examined for bone marrow micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mnpce) and polychromatic erythrocytes/normochromatic erythrocytes (pce/nce) ratio, abnormal sperm morphology, alterati ... | 2020 | 33098559 |
| climate oscillation and the invasion of alien species influence the oceanic distribution of seabirds. | spatial and temporal distribution of seabird transiting and foraging at sea is an important consideration for marine conservation planning. using at-sea observations of seabirds (n = 317), collected during the breeding season from 2012 to 2016, we built boosted regression tree (brt) models to identify relationships between numerically dominant seabird species (red-footed booby, brown noddy, white tern, and wedge-tailed shearwater), geomorphology, oceanographic variability, and climate oscillatio ... | 2020 | 32953065 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in saudi arabia: from hundreds of cases to zero. | the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa) has succeeded in bringing the reported numbers of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) cases from hundreds during the 1980s and 1990s to zero case in 2019. the endemicity of vl has been confined mainly to the southwest regions, namely jazan and aseer regions. leishmania donovani species have been identified as the causative species of vl, while l. infantum have been isolated only from dogs in the endemic areas. many species of sand flies were caught in southwest, but p. ... | 2020 | 32950481 |
| rickettsiae exposure related to habitats of the oriental house rat (rattus tanezumi, temminck, 1844) in salaya suburb, thailand. | rickettsial zoonotic diseases, in particular scrub typhus, murine typhus, and tick typhus, are caused by orientia tsutsugamushi, rickettsia typhi, and rickettsia honei infections. rickettsiae exposure is typically related to a rodent host in various habitats of marginal regions, including between rural areas and communities such as the salaya suburb. this allows the oriental house rat (ohr), a highly adaptive species, to live in close proximity to the community and possibly introduce rickettsial ... | 2020 | 32793413 |
| the expanded role of roof-rats (rattus rattus) in salmonella spp. contamination of a commercial layer farm in east japan. | rodents serve as amplifiers of salmonella infections in poultry flocks and can serve as a source of salmonella contamination in the environment even after thorough cleaning and disinfection. this study aims to determine the dynamics of salmonella occurrence in rodents and its relation to salmonella contamination in the layer farm environment, including air dusts and eggs. from 2008 to 2017, roof rats (rattus rattus), environmental swabs, air dusts, and eggs were collected from an intensive comme ... | 2020 | 32267124 |
| forest edges affect ectoparasite infestation patterns of small mammalian hosts in fragmented forests in madagascar. | habitat loss and fragmentation drive the worldwide depletion of biodiversity. although it is known that anthropogenic disturbances severely affect host and ecosystem integrity, effects on parasites are largely understudied. this study aims to investigate if and how habitat fragmentation affects the composition of ectoparasite communities on small mammalian hosts in two networks of dry deciduous forest fragments in northwestern madagascar. forest sites differing in size, proportion of edge habita ... | 2020 | 32224123 |
| ship rats and island reptiles: patterns of co-existence in the mediterranean. | the western mediterranean archipelagos have a rich endemic fauna, which includes five species of reptiles. most of these archipelagos were colonized since early historic times by anthropochoric fauna, such as ship rats (rattus rattus). here, i evaluated the influence of ship rats on the occurrence of island reptiles, including non-endemic species. | 2020 | 32219035 |
| molecular identification of the trypanosoma (herpetosoma) lewisi clade in black rats (rattus rattus) from australia. | invasive rodent species are known hosts for a diverse range of infectious microorganisms and have long been associated with the spread of disease globally. the present study describes molecular evidence for the presence of a trypanosoma sp. from black rats (rattus rattus) in northern sydney, australia. sequences of the 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) locus were obtained in two out of eleven (18%) blood samples with subsequent phylogenetic analysis confirming the identity within the trypanosoma lewisi c ... | 2020 | 32198627 |
| gut bacteria of animals living in polluted environments exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. | infectious diseases, in particular bacterial infections, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality posing a global threat to human health. the emergence of antibiotic resistance has exacerbated the problem further. hence, there is a need to search for novel sources of antibacterials. herein, we explored gut bacteria of a variety of animals living in polluted environments for their antibacterial properties against multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. a variety of species were procured ... | 2020 | 32124096 |
| bartonella kosoyi sp. nov. and bartonella krasnovii sp. nov., two novel species closely related to the zoonotic bartonella elizabethae, isolated from black rats and wild desert rodent-fleas. | the genus bartonella (family: bartonellaceae; order: rhizobiales; class: alphaproteobacteria) comprises facultative intracellular gram-negative, haemotropic, slow-growing, vector-borne bacteria. wild rodents and their fleas harbor a great diversity of species and strains of the genus bartonella, including several zoonotic ones. this genetic diversity coupled with a fastidious nature of the organism results in a taxonomic challenge that has led to a massive collection of uncharacterized strains. ... | 2020 | 32100689 |
| the mitochondrial genome of angiostrongylus mackerrasae is distinct from a. cantonensis and a. malaysiensis. | the native rat lungworm (angiostrongylus mackerrasae) and the invasive rat lungworm (angiostrongylus cantonensis) occur in eastern australia. the species identity of a. mackerrasae remained unquestioned until relatively recently, when compilation of mtdna data indicated that a. mackerrasae sensu aghazadeh et al. (2015b) clusters within a. cantonensis based on their mitochondrial genomes (mtdna). to re-evaluate the species identity of a. mackerrasae, we sought material that would be morphological ... | 2020 | 32052727 |
| immunolocalization of aromatase p450 in the epididymis of podarcis sicula and rattus rattus. | the goal of this study was to evaluate p450 aromatase localization in the epididymis of two different vertebrates: the lizard podarcis sicula, a seasonal breeder, and rattus rattus, a continuous breeder. p450 aromatase is a key enzyme involved in the local control of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis and we proved for the first time that this enzyme is represented in the epididymis of both p. sicula and r. rattus. in details, p450 aromatase was well represented in epithelial and myoid cells an ... | 2020 | 31988532 |
| low frequency of antibodies anti-neospora caninum in rodents in fernando de noronha island, brazil. | this study aimed to evaluate the frequency of neospora caninum antibodies in rodents from the island of fernando de noronha, brazil, and to contribute to epidemiological data on neosporosis in this region. blood samples were collected from 154 black-rats (rattus rattus) and 12 rock-cavies (kerodon rupestris). the search for anti-n. caninum antibodies was made using the nat technique, with a cut-off of 1:20. the frequency of positive mice was 5.19% (8/154 - 1:20 titer) and all rock-cavies were ne ... | 2019 | 31800709 |
| sera/organ lysates of selected animals living in polluted environments exhibit cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. | species of crocodiles and cockroaches can withstand high radiation, reside in unsanitary conditions, thrive on germ-infested feed, and are exposed to heavy metals, yet they are not reported to develop cancer. it has been postulated that such species have mechanisms to defend themselves against developing cancer. here, selected species have been tested for potential cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines. | 2019 | 31660845 |
| ecological fragmentation effects in mouse lemurs and small mammals in northwestern madagascar. | habitat loss and fragmentation are major ecological forces threatening animal communities across the globe. these issues are especially true in madagascar, where forest loss is ongoing. we examined the effects of forest fragmentation on the distribution and abundance of sympatric, endemic gray, and golden-brown mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus and microcebus ravelobensis), the endemic western tuft-tailed rat (eliurus myoxinus), and the invasive black rat (rattus rattus) in two regions in northwe ... | 2020 | 31608491 |
| identification of antibacterial molecule(s) from animals living in polluted environments. | snakes feed on germ-infested rodents, while water monitor lizards thrive on rotten matter in unhygienic conditions. we hypothesize that such creatures survive the assault of superbugs and are able to fend off disease by producing antimicrobial substances. in this study, we investigated the potential antibacterial activity of sera/lysates of animals living in polluted environments. | 2020 | 31577204 |
| toxoplasma gondii in invasive animals on the island of fernando de noronha in brazil: molecular characterization and mouse virulence studies of new genotypes. | this study aimed to genetically characterize and to determine virulence from toxoplasma gondii samples from invasive animals in the island of fernando de noronha, brazil. blood samples were collected from 21 tegu-lizard (salvator merianae), 12 rock-cavies (kerodon rupestris) and 154 black-rats (rattus rattus) from the island and mat (cutoff 1:25) detected anti-t. gondii antibodies in 0% of the tegus (0/21); 58.3% of the rock-cavies (7/12) and 22.7% of rats (35/154). tissue samples (brain, heart, ... | 2019 | 31546127 |
| angiostrongylus (parastrongylus) cantonensis on intermediate and definitive hosts in ecuador, 2014-2017 | introduction: angiostrongylus cantonensis is a serious public health problem and is widely distributed in the country. when the parasite infects the snails, it becomes deeply embedded in their interior and accidentally, it can infect people and other mammals.objective: to establish the geographical distribution of a. cantonensis intermediate hosts (achatina fulica) and definitive hosts (rattus spp.) in ecuador from 2014 to 2017.materials and methods: we collected 2,908 a. fulica specimens in 16 ... | 2019 | 31529823 |
| spatio-temporal survey of small mammal-borne trypanosoma lewisi in cotonou, benin, and the potential risk of human infection. | human trypanosomoses are the sleeping sickness in africa and chagas disease in latin america. however, atypical human infections by animal trypanosomes have been described, but poorly investigated. among them, the supposed rat-specific t. lewisi was shown to be responsible for a few severe cases. in africa, the scarcity of data and the null awareness about the atypical human trypanosomoses suggest that the number of cases may be higher that currently thought. furthermore, t. lewisi is resistant ... | 2019 | 31344489 |
| serological evidence of thailand orthohantavirus or antigenically related virus infection among rodents in a chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology endemic area, girandurukotte, sri lanka. | we have reported high seroprevalence to thailand orthohantavirus (thaiv) or thaiv-related orthohantavirus (trhv) among patients with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in girandurukotte, sri lanka. thaiv or trhv infection is considered to be transmitted by rodent hosts in this area, but its reservoir rodents have not yet been identified. hence, 116 rodents were captured, and seroprevalences were examined by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (immunofluorescence assay [ifa]) using ... | 2019 | 31339833 |
| the application of naked dna plasmid (drzp3) and recombinant adenovirus (ad-rzp3) in rat animal model to determine comparative efficacy of zp3-immunocontraceptive vaccines. | the common physical and chemical methods for controlling rat pest are less than satisfactory and inhumane. immunocontraception approach has been considered more humane and it can be accomplished by inducing the relevant host immune response that block further development of reproductive gametes. zp3 proteins are known to play very important role during sperm-ovum fertilization. it is a self-antigen and only localized in female ovaries. therefore, an immunization with zp3 protein elsewhere will i ... | 2019 | 31163251 |
| using molecular diet analysis to inform invasive species management: a case study of introduced rats consuming endemic new zealand frogs. | the decline of amphibians has been of international concern for more than two decades, and the global spread of introduced fauna is a major factor in this decline. conservation management decisions to implement control of introduced fauna are often based on diet studies. one of the most common metrics to report in diet studies is frequency of occurrence (fo), but this can be difficult to interpret, as it does not include a temporal perspective. here, we examine the potential for fo data derived ... | 2019 | 31110660 |
| [first report on leptospira interrogans in the sigmodontine rodent scapteromys aquaticusprimeiro relato da presença de leptospira interrogans em roedores sigmodontíneos scapteromys aquaticus]. | leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonosis that can be transmitted through direct or indirect contact with the urine or tissues of infected animals. in argentina, leptospirosis is endemic in the province of santa fe and epidemic outbreaks occur during floods. however, very little is known about the role that wild rodents play in the spread of the disease in argentina. the objective of this study was to identify the host species of pathogenic leptospira among rodents in a riverine settlemen ... | 2018 | 31093111 |
| the third plague pandemic in europe. | plague has a long history on the european continent, with evidence of the disease dating back to the stone age. plague epidemics in europe during the first and second pandemics, including the black death, are infamous for their widespread mortality and lasting social and economic impact. yet, europe still experienced plague outbreaks during the third pandemic, which began in china and spread globally at the end of the nineteenth century. the digitization of international records of notifiable di ... | 2019 | 30991930 |
| increasing predation risk with light reduces speed, exploration and visit duration of invasive ship rats (rattus rattus). | exploiting predation cues to deter pests remains an untapped management tool for conservationists. we examined foraging and movement patterns of 20 wild ship rats (rattus rattus) within a large, outdoor 'u maze' that was either illuminated or dark to assess if light (an indirect predation cue) could deter rodents from ecologically vulnerable locations. light did not alter rats' foraging behaviour (latency to approach seed tray, visits to seed tray, time per visit to seed tray, total foraging dur ... | 2019 | 30842448 |
| association of rodent-borne leptospira spp. with urban environments in malaysian borneo. | although leptospirosis is traditionally considered a disease of rural, agricultural and flooded environments, leptospira spp. are found in a range of habitats and infect numerous host species, with rodents among the most significant reservoirs and vectors. to explore the local ecology of leptospira spp. in a city experiencing rapid urbanization, we assessed leptospira prevalence in rodents from three locations in malaysian borneo with differing levels of anthropogenic influence: 1) high but stab ... | 2019 | 30811387 |
| social-housing and use of double-decker cages in rat telemetry studies. | rat telemetry is widely used for biomedical research purposes and is used routinely in early pre-clinical drug development to screen for the potential cardiovascular risk of candidate drugs. historically, these studies have been conducted in individually housed conditions which can impact significantly on an animal's welfare. here we present data from a survey of pharmaceutical companies and contract research organisations to define current industry practices relating to the housing of rats duri ... | 2019 | 30779962 |
| dispersal route of the asian house rat (rattus tanezumi) on mainland china: insights from microsatellite and mitochondrial dna. | rattus tanezumi is a common commensal rat and an important host animal of bubonic plague in south china and southeast asia. the northward dispersal of this species in mainland china has been reported in recent decades, along with more recent intercontinental expansion. population genetics of r. tanezumi in mainland china were studied to explain the relationship between dispersal history and the ancient and modern transportation networks of china. | 2019 | 30669977 |
| biocontrol of rats in an urban environment in southeast asia using sarcocystis singaporensis. | upon request of the local administration a control campaign targeting commensal rats (rattus rattus, r. exulans) was conducted in 30 sub-districts (villages) of the world heritage town luang prabang, northern laos, using rat bait containing lethal quantities of the parasitic protist sarcocystis singaporensis. the associated investigations assessed the short-term control efficacy, willingness of residents to co-operate (community approach), and temporal and spatial changes of the urban rat popula ... | 2019 | 30637908 |
| exposure to yersinia pestis increases resistance to plague in black rats and modulates transmission in madagascar. | in madagascar, plague (yersinia pestis infection) is endemic in the central highlands, maintained by the couple rattus rattus/flea. the rat is assumed to die shortly after infection inducing migration of the fleas. however we previously reported that black rats from endemic areas can survive the infection whereas those from non-endemic areas remained susceptible. we investigate the hypothesis that lineages of rats can acquire resistance to plague and that previous contacts with the bacteria will ... | 2018 | 30551741 |
| invasive rat control is an efficient, yet insufficient, method for recovery of the critically endangered hawaiian plant hau kuahiwi (hibiscadelphus giffardianus). | biological invasions of rodents and other species have been especially problematic on tropical islands. invasive rattus rattus consumption of hibiscadelphus giffardianus (malvaceae; common hawaiian name hau kuahiwi) fruit and seeds has been hypothesized to be the most-limiting factor inhibiting the critically endangered tree, but this has not been experimentally tested, and little is known about other factors affecting seed dispersal, germination, and seedling establishment. thus, we do not know ... | 2018 | 30485341 |
| frequency of trypanosoma cruzi infection in synanthropic and wild rodents captured in a rural community in southeast of mexico. | the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of the chagas disease, which is endemic in southeastern mexico and is transmitted by the vector triatoma dimidiata (triatomide). t. cruzi infect a great variety of domestic and wild mammals; rodents are considered one of the most important reservoirs of the parasite in the transmission cycles of t. cruzi. the objective of this study was to determine the frequency of t. cruzi infection and to determine the parasitic load in synanthro ... | 2018 | 30410717 |
| ticks, rickettsial and erlichial infection in small mammals from atlantic forest remnants in northeastern brazil. | we evaluated infection by rickettsia spp. and ehrlichia spp in small mammals and their ticks from two atlantic forest conservation areas in the state of rio grande do norte, northeastern brazil. a total of 39 small mammals were captured during 2012-2013, encompassing 33 marsupials (29 didelphis albiventris, four monodelphis domestica), three cricetidae rodents (two necromys lasiurus, one rattus rattus), one caviomorpha rodent (thrichomys apereoides) and two armadillos (euphractus sexcinctus). th ... | 2018 | 30370217 |
| integrative taxonomic approach of trypanosomes in the blood of rodents and soricids in asian countries, with the description of three new species. | trypanosoma lewisi (kinetoplastea: trypanosomatida: trypanosomatidae) with a cosmopolitan distribution is the type species of the subgenus herpetosoma, which includes ca. 50 nominal species isolated mainly from rodents. since members of herpetosoma in different host species have an almost identical morphology of bloodstream forms, these trypanosomes are referred to as 't. lewisi-like', and the molecular genetic characterization of each species is necessary to verify their taxonomy. in the presen ... | 2019 | 30353232 |
| vertical foraging shifts in hawaiian forest birds in response to invasive rat removal. | worldwide, native species increasingly contend with the interacting stressors of habitat fragmentation and invasive species, yet their combined effects have rarely been examined. direct negative effects of invasive omnivores are well documented, but the indirect effects of resource competition or those caused by predator avoidance are unknown. here we isolated and examined the independent and interactive effects of invasive omnivorous black rats (rattus rattus) and forest fragment size on the in ... | 2018 | 30248110 |
| impacts of rainforest fragmentation on the composition of ground-active vertebrate communities and their patterns of seed consumption. | post-dispersal seed consumption by rainforest vertebrates on the forest floor can substantially influence the community dynamics of rainforest trees. studies of rainforest vertebrate seed predators at a community level, however, are lacking. furthermore, there is very limited understanding of the effects of forest fragmentation on seed predators and their feeding behaviour. here, we test whether communities of vertebrate seed predators, and their patterns of feeding on rainforest tree seeds, are ... | 2018 | 30208055 |
| gut microflora may facilitate adaptation to anthropic habitat: a comparative study in rattus. | anthropophilic species ("commensal" species) that are completely dependent upon anthropic habitats experience different selective pressures particularly in terms of food than their noncommensal counterparts. using a next-generation sequencing approach, we characterized and compared the gut microflora community of 53 commensal rattus rattus and 59 noncommensal rattus satarae captured in 10 locations in the western ghats, india. we observed that, while species identity was important in characteriz ... | 2018 | 30038748 |
| invasive rat eradication strongly impacts plant recruitment on a tropical atoll. | rat eradication has become a common conservation intervention in island ecosystems and its effectiveness in protecting native vertebrates is increasingly well documented. yet, the impacts of rat eradication on plant communities remain poorly understood. here we compare native and non-native tree and palm seedling abundance before and after eradication of invasive rats (rattus rattus) from palmyra atoll, line islands, central pacific ocean. overall, seedling recruitment increased for five of the ... | 2018 | 30016347 |
| calliphoridae (diptera) associated with rattus rattus carcasses in the tijuca national park, rio de janeiro, brazil. | forensic entomology is a complementary tool for penal procedures, mainly on estimating postmortem interval. study of cadaveric fauna in various environments is primary as source of information to support this science. this study collected information about the fauna of calliphoridae associated to carcasses of rattus rattus in the tijuca national park, rj. four collections were conducted, one for each season of 2015, exposing six carcasses at georeferenced points in each collection. the carcasses ... | 2018 | 29961829 |
| reemergence of human plague in yunnan, china in 2016. | the third plague pandemic originated from yunnan province, china in the middle of the 19th century. the last human plague epidemic in yunnan occurred from 1986-2005. on june 6, 2016, a case of human plague was reported in the xishuangbanna prefecture, yunnan. the patient suffered from primary septicemic plague after exposure to a dead house rat (rattus flavipectus), which has been identified as the main plague reservoir in the local epizootic area. moreover, a retrospective investigation identif ... | 2018 | 29897940 |
| investigation of hepatic warfarin metabolism activity in rodenticide-resistant black rats (rattus rattus) in tokyo by in situ liver perfusion. | anti-blood coagulation rodenticides, such as warfarin, have been used all over the world. they inhibit vitamin k epoxide reductase (vkor), which is necessary for producing several blood clotting factors. this inhibition by rodenticides results in lethal hemorrhage in rodents. however, heavy usage of these agents has led to the appearance of rodenticide-resistant rats. there are two major mechanisms underlying this resistance, i.e., mutation of the target enzyme of warfarin, vkor, and enhanced me ... | 2018 | 29891376 |
| different segments within vertebrate muscles can operate on different regions of their force-length relationships. | to relate in vivo behavior of fascicle segments within a muscle to their in vitro force-length relationships, we examined the strain behavior of paired segments within each of three vertebrate muscles. after determining in vivo muscle activity patterns and length changes of in-series segments within the semimembranosus muscle (sm) in the american toad (bufo americanus) during hopping and within the sternohyoid (sh) muscle in the rat (rattus rattus) during swallowing, and of spatially separated f ... | 2018 | 29889253 |
| molecular detection of bartonella coopersplainsensis and b. henselae in rats from new zealand. | aim to identify bartonella spp. in rats from new zealand using molecular methods. methods dna was extracted from the spleens of 143 black rats (rattus rattus) captured in the tongariro national park, new zealand. pcr was performed using bartonella genus-specific primers amplifying segments of the 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacer and citrate synthase (glta) and beta subunit of the rna polymerase (rpob) genes. pcr products were sequenced and compared online with sequences stored in the dat ... | 2018 | 29874523 |
| an evaluation of removal trapping to control rodents inside homes in a plague-endemic region of rural northwestern uganda. | rodents pose a significant threat to human health, particularly in rural subsistence farming communities in africa, where rodents threaten food security and serve as reservoirs of human pathogens, including the agents of plague, leptospirosis, murine typhus, rat-bite fever, lassa fever, salmonellosis, and campylobacteriosis. our study focused on the plague-endemic west nile region of uganda, where a majority of residents live in uganda government-defined poverty, rely on subsistence farming for ... | 2018 | 29768127 |