Publications

segregation analysis of the testis-determining autosomal trait, tda, that differs between the c57bl/6j and dba/2j mouse strains suggests a multigenic threshold model.	the testis-determining autosomal trait (tda) of the mouse was uncovered when the y chromosome of the poschiavinus variety of mus musculus domesticus was introduced into the c57bl/6j laboratory strain background. testis development is normal in the f1 generation but, in the backcross and subsequent crosses to c57bl/6j females, xy individuals with the poschiavinus y chromosome expressed bilateral ovaries or various combinations of an ovotestis with a contralateral ovary or testis or bilateral ovot ...	1996	8984004
characterization and localization of the mprox1 gene directly upstream of the mouse alpha-globin gene cluster: identification of a polymorphic direct repeat in the 5'utr.	the alpha-globin major regulatory element (alpha mre) positioned far upstream of the gene cluster is essential for the proper expression of the alpha-globin genes. analysis of the human and mouse alpha-globin upstream flanking regions (alpha ufr) has identified three nonglobin genes in the order dist1-mpg-prox1-alpha-globin. further characterization of the whole region indicates that the alpha mre and several other erythroid dnase hsss are associated with the transcription unit of the prox1 gene ...	1996	8995756
genetic distinctiveness of a village population of house mice: relevance to speciation and chromosomal evolution.	a population of house mice, mus musculus domesticus, from the village of migiondo was found to be genetically distinct from nearby populations in upper valtellina (italian alps). at the supernatant malic enzyme locus, mod1, the only alleles found in migiondo (c and n2) were virtually absent from the other populations in the valley, which were characterized by allele a. the extraordinary genetic distinctiveness of the migiondo population is apparently the result of genetic drift, perhaps coupled ...	1997	9107050
sex and death in the mouse: genetically delayed reproduction and senescence.	a mammalian model of genetically postponed aging would be an important tool to test not only different mechanisms of aging but also the predictive value of various biomarkers of the aging process. under conventional conditions, the historical strains of the laboratory mouse produce their first litter between 9 and 13 weeks of age and have a median time of death in their 2nd year. our posch-2 strain, which was derived from wild-caught mus musculus domesticus, produces its first litter in the curr ...	1997	9134704
hippocampal morphology and open-field behavior in mus musculus domesticus and mus spretus inbred mice.	mus spretus is extensively used in interspecific mouse backcross analyses employed to generate genetic linkage maps. however, little is known about its behavior and neuroanatomy, phenotypes for which large interstrain differences have been observed in mus musculus domesticus. behavioral and hippocampal neuroanatomical variables were measured in adult male mice from the inbred strains c57bl/6j (mus musculus domesticus) and seg (mus spretus). clear differences were found for behavioral responses t ...	1997	9145545
the prevalence of cryptosporidium parvum and c. muris in mus domesticus, apodemus sylvaticus and clethrionomys glareolus in an agricultural system.	wild mice and voles were tested for cryptosporidium during a 2-year survey at an agricultural site in warwickshire, united kingdom. c. parvum and c. muris, the two cryptosporidial species known to infect mammals, were detected. prevalence figures of 22%, 21% and 13% noted for c. parvum for mus domesticus, apodemus sylvaticus and clethrionomys glareolus, respectively, were higher than those recorded for c. muris at 10%, 6% and 2%. c. parvum causes the sometimes severe diarrhoeal disease cryptospo ...	1997	9197396
the genetic structure of escherichia coli populations in feral house mice.	escherichia coli was isolated from feral house mice (mus domesticus) during the course of a mouse plague in the state of victoria, australia. two farms were sampled over a period of 7 months and a total of 447 isolates were collected. the isolates were characterized using the techniques of randomly amplified polymorphic dna and multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis. the mean genetic diversity of this e. coli population (h = 0.24) was found to be substantially lower than the diversity of an e. col p ...	1997	9202479
the gene encoding protein 4.2 is distinct from the mouse platelet storage pool deficiency mutation pallid.	previous studies identified the gene encoding the erythrocyte membrane protein 4.2 (epb4.2) as a candidate for the mouse mutation pallid (pa); epb4.2 genetically colocalized near pa on mouse chromosome 2, and a truncated epb4.2 transcript was present in tissues derived from pallid mice. we report here evidence that epb4.2 and pa are not allelic. the pallid cdna and intron/exon boundaries show no significant variation from the known balb/c and c57bl/6j epb4.2 sequence, and normal immunoreactive 7 ...	1997	9205130
the effect of early experience on mhc-based mate preferences in two b10.w strains of mice (mus domesticus).	previous experiments have demonstrated that mice of some strains show mate preferences that are based on genes of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc), and rearing environment appears to influence these preferences. this experiment investigated if fostering affected mhc-based mate preferences in two additional strains of mice for which it was known that females exhibited mhc-dissimilar preferences. pups were exchanged between families of b10.gaa37 and b10.chr51 mouse strains, which differe ...	1997	9210793
the sycp1 loci of the mouse genome: successive retropositions of a meiotic gene during the recent evolution of the genus.	the murine sycp1 gene is expressed at the early stages of meiosis. we show that it is composed of a number of small exons and localized on mouse chromosome 3. in the laboratory strains, two retrogenes were also identified. the first one (sycp1-ps1), on chromosome 7, has accumulated point mutations and deletions and is not transcribed. a second retrogene (sycp1-ps2), on chromosome 8, is inserted within the continuity of a moderately repeated element, in an intron of another gene (cad11). the two ...	1997	9286707
chromosomal transmission bias in laboratory hybrids between wild strains of the two european subspecies of house mice.	laboratory crosses between wild strains of the two european house mouse subspecies mus musculus domesticus (2n = 34) and m. m. musculus (2n = 40) were performed to analyze the selective processes involved in the non-introgression of centromeric regions of robertsonian (rb) fusions in the danish hybrid zone. the chromosomal analysis of 226 backcross progeny from 22 reciprocal crosses showed that the segregation of the three rb fusions present did not significantly differ from mendelian expectatio ...	1997	9383070
patterns of dna variability at x-linked loci in mus domesticus.	introns of four x-linked genes (hprt, plp, glra2, and amg) were sequenced to provide an estimate of nucleotide diversity at nuclear genes within the house mouse and to test the neutral prediction that the ratio of intraspecific polymorphism to interspecific divergence is the same for different loci. hprt and plp lie in a region of the x chromosome that experiences relatively low recombination rates, while glra2 and amg lie near the telomere of the x chromosome, a region that experiences higher r ...	1997	9383072
comparison of alkaline single cell gel (comet) and peripheral blood micronucleus assays in detecting dna damage caused by direct and indirect acting mutagens.	the alkaline single cell gel (scg) or 'comet' and peripheral blood micronucleus (pbmn) assay have been used to compare the effects of the direct acting mutagens, methyl methanesulfonate (mms) and n-nitroso-n-methylurea (nmu), and the indirect acting mutagens, benzo[a]pyrene (bap), cyclophosphamide (cp) 9, 10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (dmba), and mitomycin c (mmc) in an inbred house mouse (mus domesticus) strain. the alkaline scg assay was able to detect dna damage from direct acting mutagens. ...	1997	9403028
models for male infertility: the t haplotypes.	the t haplotypes are variant alleles of genes in the proximal region of mouse chromosome 17, linked together by four inversions. while females carrying two t haplotypes are fertile, males are sterile. their spermatozoa exhibit severe motility defects and are unable to penetrate zona pellucida-free oocytes. spermatozoa from males carrying one t haplotype (t/+) exhibit mild motility deficits and a delay in penetration of the zona-free oocyte. the inversions of the t haplotypes contain several gene ...	1997	9414479
hst7: a male sterility mutation perturbing sperm motility, flagellar assembly, and mitochondrial sheath differentiation.	hst7, a mouse hybrid sterility locus, has been mapped in close linkage to four other hybrid sterility loci, on proximal chromosome 17 within the t complex. when an allele (s) of hst7 from the species mus spretus is crossed into the mus musculus domesticus (laboratory mouse) background, all male offspring are sterile. this occurs regardless of whether the hst7 allele on the other chromosome 17 homolog is wild-type (+) or an allele (t) derived from the structurally variant homolog known as a t hap ...	1997	9432139
evidence for cyclophosphamide-induced gene conversion and mutation in mouse germ cells.	cyclophosphamide (cp) is a widely used antineoplastic drug. it tests positive in several genotoxicity assays, including those with endpoints such as chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells, mitotic recombination in drosophila melanogaster, and dominant lethal mutations in rodents. we have explored the effects of cp on genome stability of mouse (mus domesticus) spermatogenic cells, using a recombination-based transgenic assay called muscateer. in this system, intrachromosomal gene conversion e ...	1997	9439729
sound pressure transformation at the pinna of mus domesticus.	sound pressure transformation properties at the pinna of laboratory mice. mus domesticus, were studied by measuring the sound pressure level of continuous tone at a series of frequencies at the tympanic membrane as a function of the position of a sound source under free-field stimulation conditions. sound pressure transformation functions showed some prominent spectral notches throughout the frequency range of 10-80 khz tested. when delivered from some angles within the ipsilateral frontal hemis ...	1997	9442865
a microsatellite-based mhc genotyping system for house mice (mus domesticus).	major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes are the most polymorphic loci known for vertebrates. although this has been known for over two decades, the selective forces maintaining this genetic diversity are unclear. efforts to study selection on these loci in nature have been hampered because no simple mhc typing systems are available. here, we describe and evaluate a microsatellite-based mhc genotyping system for house mice (mus domesticus). thirty-five mhc-linked microsatellite loci were tes ...	1997	9420473
salivary androgen-binding protein (abp) mediates sexual isolation in mus musculus.	we wanted to determine whether the microevolution of the mouse salivary androgen-binding protein (abp) alpha subunit gene (abpa) could mediate sexual selection and thereby have a potential role in maintaining gene pool integrity where radiating mouse subspecies make secondary contact. this hypothesis is based upon previous work in this laboratory, which has shown that each subspecies apparently has its own allele and that these alleles have a 25-fold excess of nonsynonymous/synonymous base subst ...	1997	28565121
the effect of demonstrator age and number on duration of socially-induced food preferences in house mouse (mus domesticus).	present research was undertaken to investigate whether the transfer of food preference from a demonstrator mouse to an observer can be influenced by their relative age. in experiment 1 an adult female mouse, the observer, was allowed to interact with a recently-fed demonstrator which was a pup of her litter or an adult female mouse. the observer was then tested to assess whether it acquired a preference for the demonstrator's diet. the results showed that a pup demonstrator's influence on an adu ...	1997	24896381
developmental stability, fitness, and trait size in laboratory hybrids between european subspecies of the house mouse.	the effects of hybridization on developmental stability and size of tooth characters were investigated in intersubspecific crosses between random-bred wild strains of the house mouse (mus musculus domesticus and m. m. musculus). fluctuating asymmetry (fa) and trait size were compared within and between parental, f1 , backcross, and f2 hybrid groups. the relationship between fa and reproductive fitness within the f1 hybrids was also studied. the results indicated that both fa and character size l ...	1997	28565477
low frequency of t haplotypes in natural populations of house mice (mus musculus domesticus).	t haplotypes are a naturally occurring, autosomal, meiotic-drive system found on chromosome 17 of the house mouse. they show non-mendelian transmission from heterozygous +/t males, such that 90% or more of the male's offspring inherit the t-bearing chromosome. although they are expected to become rapidly fixed, surveys of natural populations typically report low overall frequencies of only ~15-25% +/t heterozygotes. generally, such studies of t haplotypes in wild populations have sampled only sm ...	1998	28565222
centromeric incompatibilities in the hybrid zone between house mouse subspecies from denmark: evidence from patterns of nor activity.	the introgression pattern of centromeric nucleolar organizer regions (nors) was studied in house mice from the hybrid zone between mus musculus musculus and mus musculus domesticus in denmark. in this region, the two subspecies are chromosomally differentiated: m. m domesticus carries three pairs of robertsonian (rb) fusion chromosomes (2n = 34), while m. m. musculus exhibits the ancestral karyotype of 2n = 40 acrocentric chromosomes. a previous chromosomal analysis showed that the rb clines wer ...	1998	28568333
scent marks as reliable signals of the competitive ability of mates.	the quality of an individual's odour can allow potential mates to discriminate against individuals of low social class, poor health status or unsuitable genotype. competitive scent marking provides a further mechanism which could allow mates to discriminate between individuals of apparently high quality. the presence or absence of fresh countermarks from competitors within an owner's territory or area marked by a dominant animal provides a reliable indicator of the owner's ability to defend its ...	1998	9784223
proteins in urine scent marks of male house mice extend the longevity of olfactory signals.	the binding of volatile semiochemicals to lipocalin proteins in many mammalian scent marks may provide a gradual release of volatile ligands, extending the life of airborne odour signals. we tested this by using menadione to displace semiochemical ligands from major urinary proteins (mups) in urine streaks obtained from adult male house mice, mus domesticus, and assessed the responses of other males to these and to intact urine marks as they aged. dominant male mice scent-mark their territories ...	1998	9632512
artificial selection for increased wheel-running behavior in house mice.	replicated within-family selection for increased voluntary wheel running in outbred house mice (mus domesticus; hsd:icr strain) was applied with four high-selected and four control lines (10 families/line). mice were housed individually with access to activity wheels for a period of 6 days, and selection was based on the mean number of revolutions run on days 5 and 6. prior to selection, heritabilities of mean revolutions run per day (rev/day), average running velocity (rpm), and number of minut ...	1998	9670598
effects of voluntary activity and genetic selection on aerobic capacity in house mice (mus domesticus).	an animal model was developed to study effects on components of exercise physiology of both "nature" (10 generations of genetic selection for high voluntary activity on running wheels) and "nurture" (7-8 wk of access or no access to running wheels, beginning at weaning). at the end of the experiment, mice from both wheel-access groups were significantly lighter in body mass than mice from sedentary groups. within the wheel-access group, a statistically significant, negative relationship existed ...	1998	9451619
glucocorticoid response to forced exercise in laboratory house mice (mus domesticus).	we examined the time course and sex differences of the glucocorticoid response to forced, moderate-intensity treadmill exercise in outbred laboratory house mice. mice (n = 64 total) were divided into eight groups, each of four males and four females, which were run on a motorized treadmill at 1.0 km/h for either 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 25, 40, or 60 min. serum samples were taken immediately after exercise and corticosterone (cort) concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. resting cort levels ra ...	1998	9423970
population genetic structure in a robertsonian race of house mice: evidence from microsatellite polymorphism.	genetic evidence was assessed for inbreeding and population subdivision in a robertsonian fusion (rb) race of the western european form of house mouse, mus musculus domesticus, in central belgium. inbreeding, and the factors responsible for subdivision (genetic drift and extinction-recolonization) can theoretically influence the fixation of underdominant rb variants. the data consisted of allele frequencies of eight microsatellite loci and of the rb(4.12) and rb(5.10) chromosomes. six population ...	1998	9474776
live-borns from xx but not xy oocytes in the chimeric mouse ovary composed of b6.y(tir) and xx cells.	when the y chromosome of some mus musculus domesticus subspecies is placed onto a c57bl/6j mouse background, the xy (b6.y(tir)) progeny develop only ovaries or ovotestes during fetal life. the xy sex-reversed female is infertile mainly because of death of embryos during preimplantation development. in the present study, we constructed female mouse chimera composed of b6.y(tir) and xx balb/c cells to determine whether developmental incompetence of xy oocytes can be attributed to defects in the oo ...	1998	9475416
evolution of transcriptional regulatory elements within the promoter of a mammalian gene.	transcription of the murine d7rp2e gene is highly variable among species of the genus mus, indicating that extensive modifications in the gene's regulatory elements have occurred during evolution. since promoter regions are well known to harbor cis-acting information that controls gene transcription, we compared the sequence and function of the d7rp2e promoter in several mus species, with the goal of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interspecies variations in expression. thr ...	1998	9501498
multiple copies of the ala-d gene are located at the lv locus in mus domesticus mice.	incremental differences in delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ala-d; the second enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway) activity among inbred mouse strains can be attributed to variation in the number of copies of the ala-d gene. we have cloned and characterized the lv locus from an inbred mouse strain (dba/2j) that has three times the normal ala-d activity levels. the entire 12-kb ala-d gene plus 16 kb of flanking dna are found in 28-kb tandemly repeating units. we used the derived nucleotide ...	1998	9521876
a description of the ontogeny of mouse agonistic behavior.	the development of agonistic behavior was characterized in outbred swiss cd-1 male mus domesticus. at weaning (postnatal day [pnd] 21), mice were housed either individually or as male pairs. social encounters were carried out between dyads of initially unfamiliar same-age and same-housing subjects every 3rd day, from pnd 23 to 47. the majority of both offensive and defensive elements had their onset around pnd 29. overall, their expression increased around puberty (i.e., on pnd 35), which also r ...	1998	9528111
pregnancy block in house mice (mus domesticus) as a function of t-complex genotype: examination of the mate choice and male infanticide hypotheses.	pregnancy block, whereby recently mated female mice abort their pregnancies when exposed to novel (strange) males, was studied in house mice (mus domesticus) differing in t-complex genotype; t-mutations are deleterious and +/t females avoid +/t males as mates. the results of experiment 1, in which the genotype of the female, stud male, and strange male was systematically varied, showed that pregnancy block was most frequent when the strange male was +/+. because this effect was not enhanced amon ...	1998	9528117
lymphocyte proliferative response in brown bears: cytokine role and glucocorticoid effect.	lymphocyte stimulation and proliferation play a pivotal role in the immune response to soluble as well as to cellular, bacterial, and viral antigens. in this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), mainly composed of lymphocytes, were separated by ficoll-hypaque density gradient centrifugation from 50-ml jugular vein blood samples drawn from six captive and five wild-caught brown bears (ursus arctos) (eight apennine brown bears from the italian population; three of undetermined origin) ...	1998	9542157
decreased physical performance of congenic mice with mismatch between the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome.	maternal transmission of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) allows us to generate mtdna congenic strain by repeating backcrosses of female mice to male mice of an inbred strain, which carries different mtdna haplotype from that of the female progenitor. since genetic backgrounds of inbred strains commonly used (e.g., c57bl/6j [b6] and balb/c) are mainly derived from an european subspecies of mus musculus domesticus, congenic strains, in which mtdna originated from an asian subspecies m. musculus musculus ...	1998	9546205
[natural hybridization between two subspecies of the house mouse, mus musculus domesticus and mus musculus castaneus, near lake casitas, california].	the house mouse mus musculus is a polytypic species, distributed worldwide, with three main subspecies: m. m. musculus in the north-east of eurasia, m. m. castaneus in south-east asia, and m. m. domesticus in europe, the near-east, and africa. this last subspecies may also be found in australia and the americas, where it was brought by european colonization. previous studies, however, have shown the presence of specific antiviral determinants of asian origin in a mouse population at lake casitas ...	1998	9549063
prenatal and postnatal maternal effects on body weight in cross-fostering experiment on two subspecies of mice.	a cross-fostering experiment was conducted on two quite distinct subspecies of mice, domesticated laboratory mouse of cf#1 (mus musculus domesticus) and yonakuni wild mouse (yk, mus musculus molossinus yonakuni), to estimate the prenatal and postnatal maternal effects on body weight of offspring. mating was done between subspecies, two or three females being mated to a male at nine-ten weeks of age. two dams of different subspecies that littered at the same day were used as a group of foster dam ...	1998	9606419
evolution of a mammalian promoter through changes in patterns of transcription factor binding.	previously, we identified evolutionarily derived changes in the pattern of nuclear factor binding to overlapping sites (termed a, b, and c, in proximal to distal order) within the promoter region of the murine d7rp2e gene. in mus domesticus, strong binding occurs at site b, with weak binding at sites a and c; in m. pahari, strong binding is observed at sites a and c, with weak binding at site b. the m. pahari-specific occupancy pattern is associated with repression of transcription. presently, w ...	1998	9608046
genetically determined resistance to flavivirus infection in wild mus musculus domesticus and other taxonomic groups in the genus mus.	inherited resistance to flaviviruses in laboratory mice is a rare trait conferred by an autosomal dominant gene (flvr). to provide information on genetic resistance to flaviviruses in wild mice, we analysed (i) wild m. m. domesticus trapped in australia, and (ii) mice representing other species and subspecies in the genus mus. mice were screened for resistance relative to c3h/hej mice by intracerebral challenge with murray valley encephalitis virus or yellow fever virus, and breeding studies wer ...	1998	9638142
recombination between subtypes creates a mosaic lineage of line-1 that is expressed and actively retrotransposing in the mouse genome.	line-1, or l1, elements are retrotransposons that have amplified to high-copy number during the evolution of mammals. l1 appears to amplify in waves, spawning large numbers of progeny such that elements with distinct sequence features dominate the dispersal process in a given window of time. this process generates discrete subfamilies of l1 within mammalian genomes, with the oldest being remnants, or fossils, of earlier waves of amplification. in mice, at least three distinct subfamilies of l1 w ...	1998	9677292
mhc-disassortative mating preferences reversed by cross-fostering.	house mice (mus musculus domesticus) avoid mating with individuals that are genetically similar at the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). mice are able recognize mhc-similar individuals through specific odour cues. however, to mate disassortatively for mhc genes, individuals must have a referent, either themselves (self-inspection) or close kin (familial imprinting), with which to compare the mhc identity of potential mates. although studies on mhc-dependent mating preferences often assume ...	1998	9718737
temporal changes in the frequency of colicinogeny in escherichia coli from house mice.	escherichia coli was isolated from feral house mice (mus domesticus) during the course of a mouse plague in the state of victoria, australia. the isolates were characterized for the production of colicins and their resistance to the co-occurring colicins. of the 447 isolates examined, 59% were found to be colicinogenic. phenotypic and pcr-based genotypic methods were used to determine the types of colicins being produced. colicin e2 was the most common, representing 27% of the colicin-producing ...	1998	9720045
wild isolates of murine cytomegalovirus induce myocarditis and antibodies that cross-react with virus and cardiac myosin.	the laboratory-adapted k181 strain of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) induces both acute and chronic myocarditis, associated with autoantibodies to cardiac myosin, in susceptible balb/c mice. however, the k181 mcmv strain has been maintained in the laboratory for many years and may not resemble naturally occurring strains of mcmv in its ability to induce myocarditis. accordingly, six different isolates of mcmv from wild mus domesticus were compared with k181 mcmv for their ability to induce myocar ...	1998	9741351
neuronal and behavioral differences between mus musculus domesticus (c57bl/6jby) and mus musculus castaneus (cast/ei).	previous studies have demonstrated that classical inbred strains of laboratory mice do not exhibit large genetic distances when simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are used to test for their polymorphisms whereas mice from wild origin exhibit high polymorphisms (more than 90%) for these sequence when compared with classical inbred strains of laboratory mice. the difference between mus musculus castaneus and c57bl/6j reaches 98% and f1s male and female are fertile. these two properties pave the way fo ...	1998	9754885
olfactory preferences in two strains of wild mice, mus musculus musculus and mus musculus domesticus, and their hybrids.	we studied olfactory preferences of two strains of mice, mus musculus musculus and mus musculus domesticus (considered here to be subspecies), and their hybrids, to examine the possible role of odours as a behavioural, premating mechanism that could explain the characteristics of their natural hybrid zone. we used a choice test with the bedding material of animals of the opposite sex from the animal tested and from both subspecies. male and female m. m. domesticus showed no preference either for ...	1998	9787027
chromosomal heterozygosity and fertility in house mice (mus musculus domesticus) from northern italy.	following the discovery of over 40 robertsonian (rb) races of mus musculus domesticus in europe and north africa, the house mouse has been studied extensively as an ideal model to determine the chromosomal changes that may cause or accompany speciation. current models of chromosomal speciation are based on the assumption that heterozygous individuals have a particularly low fertility, although recent studies indicate otherwise. despite their importance, fertility estimates for the house mouse ar ...	1998	9799266
competitive behaviour in an island population of house mice, mus domesticus.	because of the cryptic nature of small mammals inhabiting vegetation with widely scattered food resources, little is known about the behavioural mechanisms underlying their spatial dispersion. while house mice exploiting human-built environments attempt to exclude intruders aggressively from small territories that contain concentrated food resources, comparative tests show that the grassland mouse, m. spretus, establishes dominance relationships and then avoids sites used by dominant competitors ...	1998	9819347
y chromosome variation of mice and men.	dna sequences from the nonrecombining portion of the y chromosome were compared with autosomal and x-linked sequences from mice and humans to test the neutral prediction that ratios of polymorphism to divergence are the same for different genes. intraspecific variation within mus domesticus was compared with divergence between m. domesticus and mus caroli for sry, a region 5' to sry, and four x-linked genes, hprt, plp, amg, and glra2. none of these comparisons revealed significantly reduced vari ...	1998	9866208
female sexual preferences differ in mus spicilegus and mus musculus domesticus: the role of familiarization and sexual experience.	mating systems correspond to particular ecological conditions and result from proximate interactions between individuals. we compared the mating preferences of female mice of two species: the house mouse, mus musculus domesticus, and the mound-builder mouse, mus spicilegus. because of differences in their habitat, we expected to observe differences in their sexual preferences. we studied female preferences for a familiar or an unfamiliar male and the occurrence of copulation with the unfamiliar ...	1998	9933543
use of the mhc for mate choice in wild house mice (mus domesticus).	the mechanisms maintaining natural diversity at the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) are not well understood. to increase knowledge of one potential mechanism, i examined the use of mhc genes for mate choice by wild house mice in a controlled laboratory setting. three rearing groups of wild test mice were produced: non-fostered control mice, mice fostered into families of an inbred laboratory mouse strain, and mice fostered into families of a second, mhc-congenic mouse strain. mature test ...	1998	10386390
conspecific and heterospecific behavioural discrimination of individual odours by mound-building mice.	we have tested the ability of male mound-building mice, mus spicilegus, to discriminate on the basis of their social odours a) two males of their own species; and b) two males of the house mouse, mus musculus domesticus. an habituation-dishabituation procedure was used. an experimental animal was presented with the scent from the same stimulus animal for four trials; on the fifth trial, scent from a second stimulus animal was presented. male mus spicilegus were able to discriminate the olfactory ...	1998	10877600
epoc and the energetics of brief locomotor activity in mus domesticus.	excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (epoc) is normally not considered in determinations of the metabolic cost of activity. this approach overlooks an important energetic cost that an animal incurs as a result of activity. to examine the importance of epoc, we determined how the energetic cost of locomotion was affected by activity of short duration and high intensity. mice were run at maximum speed on a treadmill while enclosed in an open-flow respirometry system. after sprinting for 5, 15, ...	1998	9433798
the origin of a robertsonian chromosomal translocation in house mice inferred from linked microsatellite markers.	the western european house mouse, mus domesticus, includes many distinct robertsonian (rb) chromosomal races. two competing hypotheses may explain the distribution of rb translocations found in different populations: they may have arisen independently multiple times, or they may have arisen once and been spread through long-distance dispersal. we investigated the origin of the rb 5.15 translocation using six microsatellite loci linked to the centromeres of chromosomes 5 and 15 in 84 individuals ...	1999	10605117
water and sodium balances and metabolic physiology of house mice (mus domesticus) and short-tailed mice (leggadina lakedownensis) under laboratory conditions.	a laboratory study investigated the metabolic physiology, and response to variable periods of water and sodium supply, of two arid-zone rodents, the house mouse (mus domesticus) and the lakeland downs short-tailed mouse (leggadina lakedownensis) under controlled conditions. fractional water fluxes for m. domesticus (24 +/- 0.8%) were significantly higher than those of l. lakedownensis (17 +/- 0.7%) when provided with food ad libitum. in addition, the amount of water produced by m. domesticus and ...	1999	10633560
crest staining of micronuclei from free-living rodents to detect environmental contamination in situ.	in this work immunofluorescent antikinetochore (crest) staining was used to analyse bone marrow micronuclei (mn) from free-living animals belonging to four different rodent species. yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) were trapped in the czech republic, algerian mice (mus spretus) in spain and house mice (mus musculus domesticus) in italy. animals were collected in areas displaying low or high environmental pollution in order to investigate the sens ...	1999	10390506
induction of estrus in grouped female mice (mus domesticus) by synthetic analogues of preputial gland constituents.	two major volatile constituents of the male mouse preputial gland, e,e-alpha-farnesene and e-beta-farnesene, were examined for their role in inducing estrous cycles in grouped female mice. the results indicated that the mixture of the farnesenes was as effective as the homogenate of the intact preputial gland, while the extract of the castrate preputial tissue did not show a pronounced response.	1999	10400447
[characterization of a novel wild-type t(wmpi) haplotype of the house mouse (mus domesticus l.) from peru].	data on molecular genetic analysis of the novel wild-type twmp1 haplotype found in a population of mus domesticus from peru are presented. complementation attribution of the novel haplotype as well as fertility of heterozygotes and transmission ratio distortion (trd) of the t-carrying chromosome in the progeny of the heterozygous males were studied. molecular analysis was carried out by means of blot hybridization with the four t-specific probes (tu48, tu66, tu119, and tu122). comparison of the ...	1999	10420281
perception and recognition discriminated in the mouse auditory cortex by c-fos labeling.	the functions of the fields of the mammalian auditory cortex in sound perception and recognition are unknown. we used fos (a protein of the inducible immediate-early gene c-fos) as a cellular marker of activated brain areas to show in the mouse (mus domesticus) that sound is processed differentially in auditory cortical fields according to its actual significance in a behavioral context. recognition, compared with perception of exactly the same sound, produced significantly less but well focused ...	1999	10439460
isolation and microinjection of somatic cell-derived mitochondria and germline heteroplasmy in transmitochondrial mice.	at present, there are no means for creation of relevant animal models of human mitochondrial dna (mtdna)-based diseases in a directed fashion. as an initial step towards this end, we have developed a microinjection technique for transfer of isolated, viable mitochondria between two mouse species. previously, we reported detection, by nested pcr with species-specific primer sets, of mus spretus mtdna in mus musculus domesticus blastocyts following zygote microinjection and culture. we now report ...	1999	10481311
reduced nucleotide variability at an androgen-binding protein locus (abpa) in house mice: evidence for positive natural selection.	previous work has shown that the gene for the alpha subunit of androgen-binding protein, abpa, may be involved in premating isolation between different subspecies of the house mouse, mus musculus. we investigated patterns of dna sequence variation at abpa within and between species of mice to test several predictions of a model of neutral molecular evolution. intraspecific variation among 10 mus musculus domesticus alleles was compared with divergence between m. m. domesticus and m. caroli for a ...	1999	10486974
experimental trypanosomiasis of natural hybrids between house mouse subspecies.	this study characterises the extent of the susceptibility to parasites (first demonstrated with helminths) of hybrids between mus musculus domesticus and mus musculus musculus. experimental infections with trypanosoma musculi of m. m. domesticus, m. m. musculus and their natural hybrids have been performed to compare their level of resistance/susceptibility. it appears that contrary to the results with helminths, hybrid mice present the same level of resistance/susceptibility to the trypanosome ...	1999	10501611
contact zones between chromosomal races of mus musculus domesticus. 1. temporal analysis of a hybrid zone between the cd chromosomal race (2n=22) and populations with the standard karyotype.	a temporal analysis of a hybrid zone between chromosomal races of mus musculus domesticus was performed to evaluate its dynamics over a 20-year period. the transect chosen was one previously analysed by spirito et al. (1980) across the hycbrid zone between the chromosomal race cd 2n=22 (central italy) and the surrounding populations with standard karyotype (2n=40). the results show that 20 years of hybridization have not had any significant effect on the position of this hybrid zone, nor on the ...	1999	10504430
evolutionary rate of a gene affected by chromosomal position.	genes evolve at different rates depending on the strength of selective pressure to maintain their function. chromosomal position can also have an influence [1] [2]. the pseudoautosomal region (par) of mammalian sex chromosomes is a small region of sequence identity that is the site of an obligatory pairing and recombination event between the x and y chromosomes during male meiosis [3] [4] [5] [6]. during female meiosis, x chromosomes can pair and recombine along their entire length. recombinatio ...	1999	10508587
panel of microsatellite markers for whole-genome scans and radiation hybrid mapping and a mouse family tree.	to facilitate whole-genome scan experiments, we selected a panel of 128 microsatellite markers on the basis of spacing and polymorphism in the strains dba/2, balb/c, akr, c57bl/6, c57bl/10, a/j, c3h, 129/j, sjl/j, jf1, and pwb. many of the primer pairs were redesigned for better performance. the last four strains were not characterized previously using these markers. jf1 and pwb are particularly interesting for intersubspecific crosses offering high polymorphism. we provide allele size data for ...	1999	10508847
water and sodium requirements of field populations of house mice (mus domesticus) and short-tailed mice (leggadina lakedownensis) on thevenard island, in the arid pilbara region of western australia.	the coexistence of the lakeland downs short-tailed mouse leggadina lakedownensis and house mouse mus domesticus on thevenard island, in the arid north of western australia, prompted a study to compare their seasonal water and sodium metabolism using tritiated water and sodium-22 as tracers. fractional water influx rates for m. domesticus (40.3 +/- 1.6% total body-water day-1) were significantly higher than those for l. lakedownensis (25.3 +/- 1.2% total body-water day-1). water effluxes were hig ...	1999	10549142
fertility of y(tir).b6 sex-reversal females with xx orthotopic ovarian transplants.	when the y chromosome of mus musculus domesticus (y(tir)) was introduced onto the c57bl/6j (b6) mouse background, testis development was impaired and half of the xy progeny (y(tir).b6) developed a female phenotype. y(tir).b6 fetal ovaries showed massive death of medullary oocytes and, after birth, produced abnormal levels of steroid hormones, exhibited irregular estrous cycles, and failed to become fertile. in this study we examined whether alterations during perinatal development observed in y( ...	1999	10569985
sex reversal caused by mus musculus domesticus y chromosomes linked to variant expression of the testis-determining gene sry.	when the y chromosomes from certain populations of mus musculus domesticus are introduced into the mouse strain c57bl/6 (b6), testis determination can fail, resulting in gonads developing either as ovotestes (with both ovarian and testicular components) or as ovaries. not all y(dom) chromosomes cause sex reversal. y(dom) chromosomes are divided into three classes based upon their ability to induce testes in b6. the molecular basis underlying the three y(dom) classes is an enigma. the simplest ex ...	1999	10588871
unravelling the chemical basis of competitive scent marking in house mice.	major urinary proteins (mups) in the urine of male house mice, mus domesticus, bind the male signalling volatiles 2- sec -butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole (thiazole) and 3,4-dehydro- exo -brevicomin (brevicomin) and slowly release these volatiles from urinary scent marks. to examine the role of urinary proteins and volatiles, either attached or unattached to the proteins, in competitive scent marking, we fractionated urine from isolated male balb/c laboratory mice, mus musculus, by size-exclusion chrom ...	1999	10600138
ecg of the "newborn" mouse (mus domesticus) with specific reference to comparative av transmission.	the objective of this study was to record the ecg of the smallest living mammal to extend the domain of data for comparative av nodal electrophysiologic purposes. these data are needed to establish the relationship between the pr interval and heart size in mammalian species of all sizes.	1999	10090220
the cryptosporidium "mouse" genotype is conserved across geographic areas.	a 298-bp region of the cryptosporidium parvum 18s rrna gene and a 390-bp region of the acetyl coenzyme a synthetase gene were sequenced for a range of cryptosporidium isolates from wild house mice (mus domesticus), a bat (myotus adversus), and cattle from different geographical areas. previous research has identified a distinct genotype, referred to as the "mouse"-derived cryptosporidium genotype, common to isolates from australian mice. comparison of a wider range of australian mouse isolates w ...	1999	10203475
murine viruses in an island population of introduced house mice and endemic short-tailed mice in western australia.	house mice (mus domesticus) were recently introduced to thevenard island, off the northwest coast of western australia. this island is also habitat for an endangered native rodent, the short-tailed mouse (leggadina lakedownensis). concerns have been raised that house mice may pose a threat to l. lakedownensis both through competition and as a source of infection. to assess the threat to l. lakedownensis posed by viral pathogens from m. domesticus, a serological survey was conducted from 1994 to ...	1999	10231757
organisation of complex nuclear domains in somatic mouse cells.	the number and associations of heterochromatin chromocenters, nucleoli, centromeres and telomeres were studied in the nucleus of different somatic cells of mus domesticus. fibroblasts of the cell line 3t3, kidney cells (primary culture), and bone marrow cells were used. the above mentioned nuclear and chromosome markers were identified by dapi/actinomycin d, indirect immunofluorescence with anti-centromere antibodies, silver impregnation for nucleolar proteins and fluorescence in situ hybridisat ...	1999	10321023
mus and peromyscus chromosome homology established by fish with three mouse paint probes.	fluorescence-labeled dna probes constructed from three whole house mouse (mus domesticus) chromosomes were hybridized to metaphase spreads from deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) to identify homologies between the species. mus chr 7 probe hybridized strongly to the ad-centromeric two-thirds of peromyscus chr 1q. most of mus 3 probe hybridized principally to two disjunct segments of peromyscus chr 3. mus chr 9 probe hybridized entirely to the whole peromyscus chr 7. three peromyscus linkage grou ...	1999	10384049
non-random distribution of the pericentromeric heterochromatin in meiotic prophase nuclei of mammalian spermatocytes.	the central or peripheral distribution of condensed chromatin (cc) was studied in pachytene spermatocyte nuclei in mus domesticus, 2n = 40; pudu puda, 2n = 70; ctenomys opimus, 2n = 26 and octodon degus, 2n = 58. species were chosen according to the morphological characteristics of their chromosomal complements and in particular, the terminal or medial chromosomal localisation of the pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin. counts were made by defining the areas corresponding to peripheral ...	1999	10897793
behaviour of house mice artificially selected for high levels of voluntary wheel running.	we have developed a novel model to study the correlated evolution of behavioural and morphophysiological traits in response to selection for increased locomotor activity. we used selective breeding to increase levels of voluntary wheel running in four replicate lines of laboratory house mice, mus domesticus, with four random-bred lines maintained as controls. the experiment presented here tested for correlated behavioural responses in the wheel-cage complex, with wheels either free to rotate or ...	1999	10600154
the competing countermarks hypothesis: reliable assessment of competitive ability by potential mates.	scent marking on top of (overmarking), or in the vicinity of, a scent mark already present is commonly termed countermarking. scent marks and countermarks provide a continuous record of competitive challenges between conspecifics, thus providing a reliable advertisement of an individual's ability to dominate or defend an area to other competitors and potential mates. to test the hypothesis that females should prefer males that countermark competing scent marks in their territory over those whose ...	1999	10564605
whole body cholesterol, fat, and fatty acid concentrations of mice (mus domesticus) used as a food source.	the concentrations of dry matter, cholesterol, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and 29 fatty acids were measured in four size categories of whole mice (mus domesticus) that are commonly fed to zoo animals. dry matter increased with age/size of mice, whereas cholesterol decreased with age/size. significant differences in fatty acid content were found among mice categories with capric, lauric, and myristic acids. mice categories had similar levels of palmitic, palmitoleic, heptadecenoic, steari ...	1999	10484136
artificial selection for increased wheel-running activity in house mice results in decreased body mass at maturity.	to test the hypothesis that body size and activity levels are negatively genetically correlated, we conducted an artificial selection experiment for increased voluntary wheel-running activity in house mice (mus domesticus). here, we compare body masses of mice from control and selected lines after 14 generations of selection. in both groups, beginning at weaning and then for 8 weeks, we housed half of the individuals with access to running wheels that were free to rotate and the other half with ...	1999	10460738
genetic variation and correlations between genotype and locomotor physiology in outbred laboratory house mice (mus domesticus).	laboratory strains of house mice (mus domesticus) are increasingly used as model organisms in evolutionary physiology, so information on levels of genetic variation is important. for example, are levels of genetic variation comparable to those found in populations of wild house mice? we studied allozymes to estimate genetic variation in outbred hsd:icr mice, which have been used in several studies with evolutionary emphasis. the physiological significance of allozyme variation remains obscure. s ...	1999	10425735
structural complexity of territories: preference, use of space and defence in commensal house mice, mus domesticus.	previous studies suggest the physical structure of a habitat has profound effects on intraspecific competition and spacing behaviour among small mammals. we compared habitat preferences and the exploratory behaviour and aggressive territorial defence of male house mice in three types of enclosure differing only in their degree of structural complexity. each enclosure contained a nestbox placed in one corner, a central food hopper and 10 house bricks. the bricks were either placed around the oute ...	2000	11124874
nesting behavior of house mice (mus domesticus) selected for increased wheel-running activity.	nest building was measured in "active" (housed with access to running wheels) and "sedentary" (without wheel access) mice (mus domesticus) from four replicate lines selected for 10 generations for high voluntary wheel-running behavior, and from four randombred control lines. based on previous studies of mice bidirectionally selected for thermoregulatory nest building, it was hypothesized that nest building would show a negative correlated response to selection on wheel-running. such a response c ...	2000	10979598
body temperatures of house mice artificially selected for high voluntary wheel-running behavior: repeatability and effect of genetic selection.	we studied rectal body temperatures of house mice (mus domesticus) that had been artificially selected for high voluntary wheel running.1. at generation 17, mice from the four replicate selected lines ran, on average, 2.5-times as many revolutions/day as did mice from the four random-bred control lines.2. during the day, repeatability of individual differences in body temperature measured 4 days apart was low; at night, repeatability was statistically significant across three time scales (1 day, ...	2000	10838179
male-male competition magnifies inbreeding depression in wild house mice.	the detrimental effects of inbreeding on vertebrates are well documented for early stages of the life cycle in the laboratory. however, the consequences of inbreeding on long-term survival and reproductive success (darwinian fitness) are uncertain for vertebrates in the wild. here, we report direct experimental evidence for vertebrates that competition increases the harmful effects of inbreeding on offspring survival and reproduction. we compared the fitness of inbred (from full-sib matings) and ...	2000	10716731
[new discoveries in experimental cancer].	this 7th international symposium organized by the national academy of medicine on new directions in cancer management, was sponsored by iucc (international union against cancer) and received important financial assistance from the fritz bender foundation. in 1996 and 97, the first two symposia also dealt with cancer, specifically with tumor immunology and with the relation of human breast cancer with mmtv (murine mammary tumor virus). the aim of these introductory remarks is to emphasize recent ...	2000	11188923
the prevalence of viral antibodies during a large population fluctuation of house mice in australia.	we studied the seroprevalence of three viruses (mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv), minute virus of mice (mvm), and mouse parvovirus (mpv)) in house mice (mus domesticus) in 1995 7. in the first year average mouse density was less than 1 mouse/ha. from november 1995 to may 1996 the population increased at an average rate of 7% per week, a doubling time of about 10 weeks. from august 1996 to may 1997 the population increased at an average rate of 10% per week, a doubling time of about 7.5 weeks. from a ...	2000	11218223
rodents and leptospira transmission risk in terceira island (azores).	the role of rodents as leptospira renal carriers in terceira island was evaluated (1993-1995) through kidney culture and serology [microscopic aglutination test (mat)] of 94 mice and rats. fifty-nine animals were positive (n = 41 by serology + culturing; n = 11 serology; n = 7 culturing), presenting a wide distribution in man-made and natural areas. house mice had the highest bacteriological (82.9%) and serological (90.9%) rates, being strictly related to serovar arborea. black rats were involve ...	2000	11484805
an axonemal dynein at the hybrid sterility 6 locus: implications for t haplotype-specific male sterility and the evolution of species barriers.	poor sperm motility characterized by a distinct aberration in flagellar waveform known as "curlicue" is a hallmark of t haplotype (t) homozygous male sterility. previous studies have localized "curlicue" and a flagellar developmental defect, "whipless", to the hybrid sterility 6 locus (hst6), between the markers pim1 and crya1. more recent heterospecific breeding experiments between mus spretus (spretus) and mus musculus domesticus (domesticus) have mapped the primary source(s) of both "curlicue ...	2000	10602986
breast cancer incidence highest in the range of one species of house mouse, mus domesticus.	incidence of human breast cancer (hbc) varies geographically, but to date no environmental factor has explained this variation. previously, we reported a 44% reduction in the incidence of breast cancer in women fully immunosuppressed following organ transplantation (stewart et al (1995) lancet 346: 796-798). in mice infected with the mouse mammary tumour virus (mmtv), immunosuppression also reduces the incidence of mammary tumours. dna with 95% identity to mmtv is detected in 40% of human breast ...	2000	10646903
spontaneous mutation in the db gene results in obesity and diabetes in cd-1 outbred mice.	five allelic mutants of the diabetes (db) gene have been previously described in mice and rats causing obesity, infertility, and varying degrees of diabetes. we have identified a new, spontaneous mutation resulting in obesity and diabetes in a colony of cd-1 outbred mice, mus musculus domesticus. genetic complementation studies indicated that the new mutation was an allele of the diabetes locus. sequence analysis of cdna fragments showed a deletion of one g residue located in exon 12 of the lept ...	2000	10666131
both nuclear and cytoplasmic components are defective in oocytes of the b6.y(tir) sex-reversed female mouse.	in the mammalian gonadal primordium, activation of the sry gene on the y chromosome initiates a cascade of genetic events leading to testicular organization whereas its absence results in ovarian differentiation. an exception occurs when the y chromosome of mus musculus domesticus from tirano, italy (y(tir)), is placed on the c57bl/6j (b6) genetic background. the b6.y(tir) progeny develop only ovaries or ovotestes despite sry transcription in fetal life. consequently, the xy offspring with bilat ...	2000	10694422
gene flow of unique sequences between mus musculus domesticus and mus spretus.	allelic diversity has been examined from a variety of mus musculus subspecies and mus spretus strains by sequencing at a 453-bp unique sequence locus. one m. m. domesticus classic inbred strain, c57bl/ksj, contained a sequence identical to that in the m. spretus wild-derived inbred strain seg, and other wild m. spretus isolates. such a result should have been precluded by the expected divergence between the species unless there has been interspecies gene flow. examination of c57bl/ksj for m. spr ...	2000	10723728
line-1 (l1) lineages in the mouse.	recently, a rapidly amplifying family of mouse line-1 (l1) has been identified and named t(f). the evolutionary context surrounding the derivation of the t(f) family was examined through phylogenetic analysis of sequences in the 3' portion of the repeat. the mus musculus domesticus t(f) family was found to be the terminal subfamily of the previously identified l1md4 lineage. the l1md4 lineage joins the other prototypical mouse line-1 lineage (the l1mda2 lineage) approximately 1 mya at about the ...	2000	10742052
complete repopulation of mouse mitochondrial dna-less cells with rat mitochondrial dna restores mitochondrial translation but not mitochondrial respiratory function.	by the fusion of mtdna-less (rho(0)) cells of mus musculus domesticus with platelets from different species, mtdna repopulated cybrids were obtained for finding the mtdna species that could induce mitochondrial abnormalities. expression of mitochondrial dysfunction might be expected in these cybrids due to incompatibility between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes from different species. the results showed that mouse rho(0) cells could receive mtdna from a different mouse species, m. spretus, or ...	2000	10790404
a new family of genes and pseudogenes potentially expressing testis- and brain-specific leucine zipper proteins in man and mouse.	we have characterized a new mouse gene highly transcribed in the testis, and a derived intronless gene expressed in the embryo. the latter gene is present in mus musculus domesticus and in mus musculus castaneus but is absent in mus spretus. the sequencing of different clones from a testis cdna library reveals a complex transcriptional regulation for the intron-containing gene. the use of several promoters, alternative splicing and trans-splicing, and of two different polyadenylation sites accou ...	2000	10831844
effect of somatostatin on electrogenic ion transport in the duodenum and colon of the mouse, mus domesticus.	in this study, we have used the mouse intestine and the ussing short circuit technique to compare the effects and mechanism of action of somatostatin (sst, 0.1 microm) on camp- and ca(2+)-mediated ion secretion in the duodenum and colon of the swiss-webster mouse. the camp-dependent secretagogues, prostaglandin e(2) (1 microm) and dibutyryl-camp (150 microm) increased short circuit current (i(sc)) in both regions, but only the colonic response was inhibited by sst. this inhibition was independen ...	2000	10840221
mitochondrial dna and chromosomal studies of wild mice (mus) from turkey and iran.	complete d-loop sequences of 20 mus from three localities in turkey and seven in iran were characterized. these countries are thought to be close to the place of origin of the subspecies mus musculus domesticus. five new m. m. domesticus haplotypes were added to the nine already known for the region. four of these 14 haplotypes were very similar to the consensus d-loop sequence for western europe defined by nachman et al. (1994), which may represent the ancestral condition for m. m. domesticus. ...	2000	10849070
functional constraints of nuclear-mitochondrial dna interactions in xenomitochondrial rodent cell lines.	the co-evolution of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in vertebrates led to more than 100 specific interactions that are crucial for an optimized atp generation. these interactions have been examined by introducing rat mtdna into mouse cells devoid of mitochondrial dna (mtdna). when mtdna-less cells derived from the common mouse (mus musculus domesticus) were fused to cytoplasts prepared from mus musculus, mus spretus, or rat (rattus norvegicus), a comparable number of respiring clones could be ...	2000	10908562
defective mesonephric cell migration is associated with abnormal testis cord development in c57bl/6j xy(mus domesticus) mice.	during the critical period of mouse sex determination, mesenchymal cells migrate from the mesonephros into the adjacent developing testis. this process is thought to initiate cord development and is dependent on sry. the presence of sry, however, does not always guarantee normal testis development. for example, transfer of certain mus domesticus-derived y chromosomes, i.e., m. domesticus sry alleles, onto the c57bl/6j (b6) inbred mouse strain results in abnormal testis development. we tested the ...	2000	10964462
learning to cope with two different food distributions: the performance of house mice (mus musculus domesticus).	search abilities of mice (mus musculus domesticus) were evaluated using an arena closed by a ceiling in which 9 food sources (which mice could reach standing on their hind legs) could be arranged according to 2 configurations: a 3 x 3 square matrix and 3 clusters each containing 3 food sources. testing conditions prevented olfactory and visual cues from being left after visits to food sources, and mice were able to choose alternative routes between food sources. results showed that mice were mor ...	2000	10994843