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the carcinogenic effect of dibutylnitrosamine in syrian and chinese hamsters. 20144254292
[effect of ionizing radiation on the membrane potential and electrical input resistance of chinese hamster fibroblast membranes].x-irradiation with a dose of 8 gy leads to a sharp decrease in membrane potential of cultured chinese hamster cells followed by restoration thereof. changes in the membrane potential are accompanied by a monotonous increase of mean values of input cell resistance. it is assumed that radiation elicits a decrease in the resistance of a plasma membrane and a concurrent increase in the resistance of intercellular gap contacts which lead to impairment of cell interaction.20144080988
[dna degradation during radiation death of cultured cells].the method of flow cytofluorometry was used to study postirradiation changes in plasma membrane permeability and dna content of the burkitt's lymphoma cells (raji line). at a dose of 10 gy, the increase in membrane permeability preceded the appearance of cells with diminished dna content. the synchronization of cells in phase g2 was associated with a virtually complete radiation arrest of mitoses. the postirradiation electrophoretic analysis of dna of the burkitt's lymphoma cells and of syrian a ...20144070564
[karyotypic characteristics of the chinese hamster cell line cho-k1 resistant to colchicine].karyological analysis was made of g-banded chromosomes in the cells of three independent cho-k1 clones stably resistant to colchicine (clch) selected for resistance to clch at the concentration 0.1 mkg/ml (the first step of selection), and of one clone with higher but unstable level of resistance (2 mkg/ml--the second level of resistance). the results obtained revealed a morphological instability of the p-shoulder of chromosome z6: more often an additional genetical material (agm) at the distal ...20143952816
sce induction is uncoupled from mutation induction in mammalian cells following exposure to ethylnitrosourea (enu).it has been suggested not only that sister chromatid exchange (sce) induction might serve as a qualitative indicator of mutagenesis, but also that induced sce frequencies are linearly related to induced mutation frequencies. the consistency of the relationship between sces and mutations was tested in the present work. confluent chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells were exposed to ethylnitrosourea (enu) and then held at confluency for various times prior to initiation of sce and mutation assays. cel ...20143971960
[changes in the level of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured chinese hamster cells undergoing limited proliferation]."stationary phase ageing" of cultured chinese hamster cells (when proliferation rate decreases and in the stationary growth phase) produces an increase in the frequency of spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges (sce). thiophosphamide-induced (24 h) frequency of sce increases from 2-day to 5-day "age" and later (in the stationary phase) is practically the same. the "stationary ageing" cultured cells are suggested to be used as a model system for studying molecular-genetic age changes.20143923673
temperature effect on mitoxantrone cytotoxicity in chinese hamster cells in vitro.the effect of heat on 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethylamino]-9, 10-anthracenedione dihydrochloride (dhad; mitoxantrone, nsc 301739) cytotoxicity was studied in v79 chinese hamster cells. an overnight exposure to the drug at 40 degrees c enhanced drug damage in chromosome aberrations, culture growth, and cellular reproductive integrity. preincubation of cells overnight in medium containing no drug at this temperature also showed some enhancement in subsequent dhad lethality (a ...20144016740
minor xp21 chromosome deletion in a male associated with expression of duchenne muscular dystrophy, chronic granulomatous disease, retinitis pigmentosa, and mcleod syndrome.we are reporting a male patient who suffered from chronic granulomatous disease associated with cytochrome b-245 deficiency and mcleod red cell phenotype, duchenne muscular dystrophy, and retinitis pigmentosa. on cytogenetic analysis, he seemed to have a very subtle interstitial deletion of part of band xp21. since it was impossible to know whether this material was truly deleted or inserted elsewhere in the genome, somatic cell and molecular studies were carried out. in somatic cell hybrids, th ...20144039107
5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (z-riboside) metabolism in eukaryotic cells.metabolites of 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (z-riboside) have potential roles in the regulation of cellular metabolism and as pharmacological agents in several pathological situations. before studying z-riboside metabolism it was necessary to develop methods for identifying and quantitating 5(4)-amino-4(5)-imidazolecarboxamide metabolites. these studies utilized chinese hamster ovary fibroblast auxotrophic mutants to identify and isolate compounds relevant to z-riboside metabolism by ...20143997815
different efficiencies of interaction between 3-aminobenzamide and various monofunctional alkylating agents in the induction of sister chromatid exchanges.3-aminobenzamide (3ab), an inhibitor of poly(adp-ribose) polymerase, interacts synergistically with certain monofunctional alkylating agents to increase the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (sces) in chinese hamster ovary cells (cho). not all alkylating agents interact with 3ab to the same extent. because 3ab has been reported to inhibit dna strand break rejoining, experiments were carried out to determine if 3ab interacts preferentially with alkylation-induced dna strand breaks or some o ...20144006055
kinetics of micronucleus expression in synchronized irradiated chinese hamster ovary cells.the kinetics of expression of radiation-induced micronuclei (mn) in synchronized chinese hamster cells (cho) was examined. the purpose of the study was to determine if the cell cycle distribution of a population significantly influences the levels of radiation induced mn, thereby obscuring the exact quantification of the radiation effect. cells were synchronized by centrifugal elutriation, irradiated, and then different phases of the cell cycle were examined for: cell cycle progression, division ...20143986869
arrest of chinese hamster cells in g 2 following treatment with the anti-tumor drug bleomycin. 20144112708
animal cell mutants defective in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis.we have obtained chinese hamster ovary cell mutants defective in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans by screening replicate colonies immobilized on polyester cloth. depending upon the strain, the mutants accumulated less 35s-labeled glycosaminoglycans per microgram of cell protein by a factor of 6-60 compared to the wild type. some of the mutants incorporated [6-3h]glucosamine into glycosaminoglycans to the same extent as the wild type, suggesting that sulfate addition was specifically altere ...20133858816
enhancing effects of cytosine arabinoside on ethyl methanesulfonate-induced 6-thioguanine resistance mutations in chinese hamster v79 cells.we studied the synergistic enhancement effects of two chemicals which are different in their mechanism of action on dna in cells. the test chemicals used were ethyl methanesulfonate (ems) as an alkylating agent and cytosine arabinoside (ara-c) as an analogue of cytidine. for determination of mutagenesis we measured the induction of resistance to 6-thioguanine (6-tg) in chinese hamster v79 cells. ems had a strong mutagenic effect on v79 cells, but for ara-c the results were less clear. in this st ...20133574339
mutagen-sensitive cell lines are obtained with a high frequency in v79 chinese hamster cells.a replica-plating technique has been adopted for the isolation of mutagen-sensitive mutants of chinese hamster v79 and cho cell lines. after the mutagenic treatment (enu) clones derived from these cell lines were replica plated into micro wells and replicas were treated with uv (254 nm), x-ray, mmc, emc or mms. clonal cell lines which demonstrated mutagen sensitivity were retested by the determination of survival. only one uv-sensitive line was obtained in 1500 clonal lines derived from cho cell ...20133587254
effect of aging on the frequency of metaphase chromosome aberrations in the liver of the chinese hamster. 20134745474
the radiomimetic properties of a platinum drug.chip (cis-dichlorobis isopropylamine trans-dihydroxy platinum iv) is a second-generation platinum co-ordination complex which potentiates the effects of radiation. comparisons of the biological effects of chip and x rays upon chinese hamster (ovary) cells have shown similarities with respect to the shape of the dose-response curves, clone size distributions and perturbation of the cell cycle. unlike irradiated cells however, chip-treated cells showed no recovery from sublethal damage and no vari ...20133840711
aneuploidy is not induced by ethanol during spermatogenesis in the chinese hamster.aneuploidy was scored in spermatogonial stages and at both meiotic divisions in male chinese hamsters exposed to alcohol in vivo. after light ether anesthetization, the animals were intubated (by gastric tube) with 1.5 ml of 12.5% ethanol, whereas controls were given 1.5 ml of distilled water. gonadectomy was performed 3.5-24 h after ethanol exposure. ethanol-dosed animals were obviously intoxicated, as evidenced by a rolling gait; serum alcohol levels in 10 animals that were tested peaked 1-2 h ...20133816304
studies on the mechanisms of the radiosensitizing and cytotoxic properties of rsu-1069 and its analogues.rsu 1069 is a substantially more efficient sensitizer than misonidazole when hypoxic chinese hamster v79 cells are irradiated in vitro at room temperature; such that for 0.5 mmol dm-3 sensitizer an er of 3.0 is obtained for rsu 1069 whereas an er of only 1.6 is obtained for misonidazole. however, when irradiation is done at 4 degrees c, the radiosensitization caused by rsu 1069 is reduced to a level close to that obtained with misonidazole, the action remaining unaltered at the lower temperature ...20133755712
differential effects of pre- and posttreatment of sodium arsenite on the genotoxicity of methyl methanesulfonate in chinese hamster ovary cells.pretreatment of sodium arsenite reduces hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase mutagenicity and overcomes the inhibition of mitosis and cell proliferation but has no apparent effect on the cytotoxicity and clastogenicity in methyl methanesulfonate (mms)-treated chinese hamster ovary cells. posttreatment of sodium arsenite drastically increases the cytotoxicity, clastogenicity, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase mutagenicity, and inhibition of mitosis and cell proliferation in ...20133753897
verapamil hypersensitivity of vincristine resistant chinese hamster ovary cell lines.vincristine resistant cho cell lines, obtained by prolonged selection in semi-inhibitory drug concentrations show considerable hypersensitivity to verapamil. their d10 values are around 0.2 micrograms/ml compared to 23 micrograms/ml for unselected controls. reversion of vincristine resistance during growth in vincristine free medium is correlated with reversal of verapamil sensitivity indicating that the two aspects of the cells' phenotype have a common underlying cause. the rate of uptake of ca ...20133719706
cell surface glycoproteins of cho cells. i. internalization and rapid recycling.the major cell surface proteins of chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells have been investigated after reacting cells at 4 degrees c with the membrane-impermeant reagent, trinitrobenzenesulfonate (tnbs). immunoprecipitation and subsequent two-dimensional, sodium-dodecyl sulfate, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of proteins from derivatized cells that had been labelled previously with [3h]d-glucosamine or [3h]l-leucine showed that tnbs reacted with most of the high molecular weight (hmw) ...20133709690
[recovery from thermal damage of mammalian cells fixed by treatment with a hypertonic sodium chloride solution].the survival of chinese hamster cell v79-4 after hyperthermic treatment (42 degrees c, 40 minutes) in the exponential growth phase considerably increases with the duration of holding them in the growth medium at 37 degrees c before hypertonic salt treatment (1.5 m nacl, 15 minutes). the experimental data are interpreted as a recovery of mammalian cells from thermal lesions, whose lethal action manifests itself at high salt concentrations.20133672644
[localization of dihydrofolate reductase amplified genes in chinese hamster cells resistant to methotrexate].new sublines of bffr1 and bffr3 cells were obtained as a result of prolonged cultivation of chinese hamster cells of blld-ii-faf 28 line (clone 431) in the presence of increasing concentrations of methotrexate (mtx). the lines obtained were resistant to 200 and 300 mcm of mtx, respectively. amplification of the gene for dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), similar to normal dhfr gene in restriction patterns, was proved by blot-hybridization of the resistant cells' dna with 32p-labeled plasmid dhfr-26 ...20133692154
absence of dna overreplication in chinese hamster cells incubated with inhibitors of dna synthesis.previous reports have suggested that transient inhibition of dna synthesis by chemicals or ultraviolet light causes some of the dna to replicate more than once in one cell cycle, i.e., that it induces overreplication of dna. the data that led to this suggestion were obtained from cesium chloride equilibrium density gradient analyses, in which cells were incubated with bromodeoxyuridine so that the dna synthesized after incubation with the inhibitor could be densitometrically separated from the d ...20133664465
antibody labelling and flow cytometric analysis of metaphase chromosomes reveals two discrete structural forms.metaphase chromosomes from cultured chinese hamster ovary cells were labelled in suspension with a monoclonal antibody to histone 2b, counterstained with propidium iodide (pi) and analysed by flow cytometry. contour plots of antibody binding (fitc fluorescence) against dna content (pi fluorescence) revealed two discrete forms of each individual chromosome, showing high and low levels of antibody binding respectively. the two types of chromosome were easily distinguishable by immunofluorescence m ...20133622080
effect of increase in ploidy on the activation of nucleolar organizer regions in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells.the effect of increased ploidy on the activation of specific nucleolar organizer regions (nors) was examined by comparing the distribution and frequency of active nors in pseudodiploid chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells with a quasi-tetraploid hybrid line. active nors were identified on both unrearranged chromosomes and isochromosomes of the z group by silver staining. the increase in cell ploidy in the hybrid did not result in the complete inactivation of specific nors or the activation of a pre ...20133709688
mortality in two cohorts of welders exposed to high- and low-levels of hexavalent chromium.hexavalent chromium particles are generated in the welding of stainless steel. these particles have manifested a mutagenic action in bacterial test systems and produced chromosome aberrations in cultured chinese hamster cells. a cohort consisting of 234 welders working on stainless steel and exposed to high levels of chromium was selected. according to an earlier survey the hexavalent chromium exposure of such welders was often above 20 micrograms/m3. another cohort consisting of 208 railway tra ...20133616554
[lethal action of accelerated heavy ions on mammalian cells as affected by inhibitors of dna synthesis. a theoretical analysis].günter-schulz's model and the authors' own model were used to study the dependence of radiosensitivity (d0(-1)) of chinese hamster cells on linear energy transfer (let) upon irradiation in standard conditions and in the presence of dna synthesis inhibitors, arabinosylcytosine and hydroxyurea. a better agreement of the experimental and theoretical results was obtained using kozubek-krasavin's model than the model of günter and schulz.20133575666
effects of temperature, ph elevators, and energy production inhibitors on horseradish peroxidase transport through endocytic vesicles.we investigated the effects of reduced temperature, the ph elevators nh4cl, monensin, and hepes (n-2-hydroxy-ethylpiperazine-n'-2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer, as well as the metabolic poisons naf/kcn on transport of the fluid phase pinocytic marker, horseradish peroxidase (hrp), to lysosomes in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. in cell fractionation experiments, these agents appeared to block hrp transit at specific point(s) from "early" to "late" (i.e., low to high density) prelysosomal vesicl ...20133571336
influence of pulsing electromagnetic field on the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges in cultured mammalian cells.exposures of chinese hamster cells to pulsing electromagnetic field (pemf) with 0.18-2.5 mt did not influence the baseline frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (sce). the results suggest that pemf with the magnetic intensity examined does not interfere with dna replication nor produce dna lesions, thereby leading to an increased frequency of sce.20133556530
g1- and s-phase syntheses of histones h1 and h1o in mitotically selected cho cells: utilization of high-performance liquid chromatography.we have employed high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) to investigate the syntheses of histones h1 and h1o as synchronized cells traverse from mitosis to s phase. chinese hamster (line cho) cells were synchronized by mitotic selection, and, at appropriate times, they were pulse labeled for 1 h with [3h]lysine. histones h1 and h1o were extracted by blending radiolabeled and carrier cells directly in 0.83 m hc1o4; the total hc1o4-soluble, cl3cco2h-precipitable proteins were then separated ...20133925990
adaptive cellular response to hyperthermia: 31p-nmr studies.dynamic intracellular atp and pi levels were measured non-invasively for chinese hamster v79 cells by 31p-nmr under conditions of thermotolerance and heat-shock protein induction. high densities of cells were embedded in agarose strands, placed within a standard nmr sample tube, and perfused with medium maintained either at 37 or 43 degrees c at ph 7.35. cell survival and heat-shock protein synthesis were assessed either from parallel monolayer cultures or cells dislodged from the agarose strand ...20133995087
atp-dependent degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase in permeabilized cells.a system for the assay of 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl (hmg) coenzyme a (coa) reductase in digitonin-permeabilized chinese hamster ovary cells is described. under these conditions, hmg-coa reductase remained intact and associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, and values for km (hmg-coa), ki (mevinolin), and active/total activity were similar to those seen in sonicated cell preparations. however, the mechanism by which this rapidly turned over (half-life approximately 2 h) enzyme is degraded was d ...20133584146
[proliferation characteristics of multinucleate cells during prolonged exposure to cytochalasin b].the growth of the chinese hamster cell cultures for 7 days after the stopping of the prolonged cell cultivation with cytochalasin b (5 micrograms/ml, 7 days), on the one hand, results in the decrease in the amount of multinucleate cells from 75 to 25%. on the other hand, it leads to the appearance of a new class of multinucleate cells with more than 7 nuclei. by the 2nd day a rapid increase in the proliferation rate is observed both in uninucleate and multinucleate cells. then, by the 7th day, t ...20133576701
changes in bleb formation following hyperthermia treatment of chinese hamster ovary cells.chinese hamster ovary cells in suspension cultures were heated for various times at 41.5, 43.5, and 45.5 degrees c, and quantitative determinations of microblebbing and macroblebbing of the cell membrane were performed for cells maintained at 4, 25, and 37 degrees c after hyperthermia. the percentage of cells with blebs following heating at 45.5 degrees c was dependent upon the duration of heating with increases from 40% for 5 min to 90% for 30 min. cells exposed to lower temperatures exhibited ...20133754340
a fractionated cell-free system for analysis of prophase nuclear disassembly.we describe a cell-free system in which a postribosomal supernatant (s140) from metaphase chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells induces prophase-like changes in isolated cho cell nuclei, including chromatin condensation, and nuclear envelope and lamina disassembly. these events are strongly promoted by gamma-s-atp and an atp-regenerating system, and do not take place with an s140 derived from g2-phase cells. the metaphase cell s140 also induces disassembly of an isolated nuclear lamina fraction that ...20133782291
abnormal mitotic spindle assembly and cytokinesis induced by d-limonene in cultured mammalian cells.d-limonene is found widely in citrus and many other plant species; it is a major constituent of many essential oils and is used as a solvent for commercial purposes. with the discovery of its chemotherapeutic properties against cancer, it is important to investigate the biological effects of the exposure to d-limonene and elucidate its, as yet unknown, mechanism of action. we reported here that d-limonene is toxic in v79 chinese hamster cells in a dose-dependent manner. moreover, to determine th ...201323913329
the desaturase opin17 from phytophthora infestans converts arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid in cho cells.we demonstrate the ability to increase the amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (epa, 20:5n-3) in mammalian cells using opin17 desaturase gene. this gene was codon optimized based on genomic sequence of δ17 from phytophthora infestans and introduced into chinese hamster ovary cells using liposome-mediated transfection protocol. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was utilized to evaluate co-expression of acgfp1 and opin17. our results indicate that the opin17 gene can be expressed in mamm ...201323912207
phototoxicity testing in vitro: evaluation of mammalian cell culture techniques.we have studied the effects of ultraviolet light on cells, and the phototoxic actions of a range of uv- or visible light-absorbing compounds in three separate in vitro tests (photolysis of red blood cells and phototoxicity to macrophages and to chinese hamster chv79 cells). exposure to uv light for short periods was non-toxic to primary macrophages and red blood cells, but produced extensive killing of chv79 cells. chv79 cells can repair a considerable amount of uv-induced damage by unscheduled ...20133781431
cytotoxicity, dna fragmentation and sister-chromatid exchange in chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal and homologous aldehydes.the cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of 4-hydroxypentenal (hpe), 4-hydroxyhexenal (hhe), 4-hydroxyoctenal (hoe), 4-hydroxynonenal (hne) and 4-hydroxyundecenal (hue) were investigated in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. all five 4-hydroxyalkenals reduced plating efficiency in a concentration (ranging from 7 to 170 microm) lower than that producing a parallel reduction of trypan blue-excluding cells, but with both methods the increase in molarity needed to obtain a lethal effect was constantly ...20133755798
evaluation of the interaction of three genotoxic agents in eliciting sister-chromatid exchanges using response surface methodology.chinese hamster cells (v79) were treated with ethylnitrosourea (enu), bischloroethylnitrosourea (bcnu), and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii) (ddp) alone and in combination. sister chromatid exchanges (sces) were quantitated as measures of genotoxicity of the three agents. the combination experiment employed a factorial design in which cells were treated, in various concentration combinations, with all agents simultaneously. response surface methodology using a polynomial model in treatment varia ...20133692012
recovery from sublethal and potentially lethal damage in an x-ray-sensitive cho cell.it has been suggested that dna strand breaks are the molecular lesions responsible for radiation-induced lethality and that their repair is the basis for the recovery of irradiated cells from sublethal and potentially lethal damage. em9 is a chinese hamster ovary cell line that is hypersensitive to killing by x rays and has been reported to have a defect in the rate of rejoining of dna single-strand breaks. to establish the importance of dna strand-break repair in cellular recovery from subletha ...20133602355
temperature-sensitive hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in mutant chinese hamster cells.by selecting variants of chinese hamster cells that were resistant to 6tg at 39 degrees c, but which would continue to grow in hat medium at 33 degrees c, we have isolated cell lines with thermosensitive phenotypes for hgprt controlled properties. the hgprt produced by those clones is temperature sensitive. these results indicate that the selected clones carry missense mutations in the structural gene for the enzyme.20131149068
[modifying effect of caffeine in the induction of cytogenetic damage by gamma rays in a chinese hamster cell culture]. 20135580570
[changes in permeability and labeled thymidine incorporation into dna in a culture of chinese hamster cells exposed to mea and low temperatures]. 20131013308
late replication patterns of chromosomal dna in somatic tissues of the chinese hamster. 20135964763
[role of atp in dna repair of gamma-irradiated chinese hamster cells]. 20131237917
effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on the male meiosis in chinese hamsters (cricetus griseus). 20135708070
chromosome studies on bone marrow from chinese hamsters treated with benzodiazepine tranquillizers and cyclophosphamide. 20135801080
effects of lithium deficiency in some insulin-sensitive tissues of diabetic chinese hamsters.in this work, we report the effect of low-dose lithium carbonate on blood glucose levels and tissue lithium content in hereditary spontaneous diabetic chinese hamsters (hsdchs). hepatic lithium levels are significantly lower in diabetic hamsters when compared to healthy controls: 2.05 +/- 0.26 and 3.04 +/- 0.11 micrograms/g, respectively. the same trend was observed in kidney and muscle: 18.26 +/- 0.24 vs 20.23 +/- 1.10 micrograms/g and 4.66 +/- 0.17 vs 5.95 +/- 0.67 micrograms/g, respectively. ...20139363324
detection of the lethal effects of t-2 mycotoxin on cells using a rapid colorimetric viability assay.a colorimetric method of determining cell viabilities in cultured cells is described. the system is based on the ability of mitochondrial enzymes in live but not dead cells to chemically reduce a tetrazolium salt (mtt) into a colored formazan dye which can be detected at 570 nm using a multiwell scanning spectrophotometer. 48 h chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell cultures are used in the assay and the amount of colored product formed is directly proportional to cell number over a range of 0.39-12.5 ...20133686557
cell surface glycoproteins of cho cells. ii. surface distribution and pathway of internalization.the surface distribution and pathway for internalization of the major cell surface proteins of chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells have been investigated after reacting cells at 4 degrees c with the membrane-impermeant reagent trinitrobenzenesulfonate. molecules, haptenized with trinitrophenol groups, the majority of which are in a group of high molecular weight acidic glycoproteins (hmwag), were labelled at 4 degrees c with anti-dinitrophenol immunoglobulins coupled to fluorescein isothiocyanate ...20133709691
effects of thialysine on cho cells growth.thialysine, the lysine isolog with the 4-methylene group substituted by a sulfur atom, inhibits the growth rate and plating efficiency of chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. the inhibition can be reversed by lysine, when added to the culture medium together with thialysine or shortly after; to have a complete reversion a lysine concentration five times that of thialysine is necessary. cells grown in the presence of thialysine show a decreased viability and an increased volume. thialysine inhibits ...20133934502
frequency of chromosomally unbalanced gametes in male and female hamsters heterozygous for reciprocal translocation.by using male and female chinese hamsters heterozygous for reciprocal translocation, t(2;10) 3idr and t(1;2)9idr, features of metaphase ii cells were observed, and the difference in frequency of each class of cells derived from quadrivalents was investigated. the result showed no difference between sexes in the segregation ratio of chromosomes from the quadrivalents in either strain. in four-day embryos from crosses between normal animals and translocation heterozygotes in both strains, the inci ...20133585112
quantitative detection of vibrio cholera toxin by real-time and dynamic cytotoxicity monitoring.we report here the quantitative detection of vibrio cholerae toxin (ct) in isolates and stool specimens by dynamic monitoring of the full course of ct-mediated cytotoxicity in a real-time cell analysis (rtca) system. four cell lines, including y-1 mouse adrenal tumor cells, chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells, small intestine epithelial (fhs74int) cells, and mouse adrenal gland (pc12-adh) cells, were evaluated for their suitability for ct-induced cytotoxicity testing. among them, the y-1 line was ...201324048535
radioimmunotherapy of cryptococcus neoformans spares bystander mammalian cells.previously, we showed that radioimmunotherapy (rit) for cryptococcal infections using radioactively labeled antibodies recognizing the cryptococcal capsule reduced fungal burden and prolonged survival of mice infected with cryptococcus neoformans. here, we investigate the effects of rit on bystander mammalian cells.201324020737
mechanism of action of novel lung edema therapeutic ap301 by activation of the epithelial sodium channel.ap301 [cyclo(cgqretpegaeakpwyc)], a cyclic peptide comprising the human tumor necrosis factor lectin-like domain (tip domain) sequence, is currently being developed as a treatment for lung edema and has been shown to reduce extravascular lung water and improve lung function in mouse, rat, and pig models. the current paradigm for liquid homeostasis in the adult mammalian lung is that passive apical uptake of sodium via the amiloride-sensitive epithelial na⁺ channel (enac) and nonselective cyclic- ...201324077967
characterization of host-cell line specific glycosylation profiles of early transmitted/founder hiv-1 gp120 envelope proteins.glycosylation plays an essential role in regulating protein function by modulating biological, structural, and therapeutic properties. however, due to its inherent heterogeneity and diversity, the comprehensive analysis of protein glycosylation remains a challenge. as part of our continuing effort in the analysis of glycosylation profiles of recombinant hiv-1 envelope-based immunogens, we evaluated and compared the host-cell specific glycosylation pattern of recombinant hiv-1 surface glycoprotei ...201323339644
a single-amino-acid polymorphism in chikungunya virus e2 glycoprotein influences glycosaminoglycan utilization.chikungunya virus (chikv) is a reemerging arbovirus responsible for outbreaks of infection throughout asia and africa, causing an acute illness characterized by fever, rash, and polyarthralgia. although chikv infects a broad range of host cells, little is known about how chikv binds and gains access to the target cell interior. in this study, we tested whether glycosaminoglycan (gag) binding is required for efficient chikv replication using chikv vaccine strain 181/25 and clinical isolate sl1564 ...201324371059
confocal microscopy study of pertussis toxin and toxoids on cho-cells.pertussis toxin in its detoxified form is a major component of all current acellular pertussis vaccines. here we report the membrane translocation and internalization activities of pertussis toxin and various pertussis toxoids using chinese hamster ovary cells and confocal microscopy based on indirect immunofluorescence labeling. chemically detoxified pertussis toxoids were able to translocate/internalize into cells at the concentration about 1,000 times higher than the native toxin. pertussis t ...201323291938
molecular cloning and functional characterization of the diapause hormone receptor in the corn earworm helicoverpa zea.the diapause hormone (dh) in the heliothine moth has shown its activity in termination of pupal diapause, while the orthology in the silkworm is known to induce embryonic diapause. in the current study, we cloned the diapause hormone receptor from the corn earworm helicoverpa zea (hzdhr) and tested its ligand specificities in a heterologous reporter system. hzdhr was expressed in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells, which were co-transfected with the aequorin reporter, and was used to measure the ...201324257143
cytochrome p450 cyp1b1 interacts with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-mop) and influences psoralen-ultraviolet a (puva) sensitivity.there are unpredictable inter-individual differences in sensitivity to psoralen-uva (puva) photochemotherapy, used to treat skin diseases including psoriasis. psoralens are metabolised by cytochrome p450 enzymes (p450), and we hypothesised that variability in cutaneous p450 expression may influence puva sensitivity. we previously showed that p450 cyp1b1 was abundantly expressed in human skin and regulated by puva, and described marked inter-individual differences in cutaneous cyp1b1 expression.201324086543
enhanced expression of codon optimized interferon gamma in cho cells.the human interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) is a potential drug candidate for treating various diseases due to its immunomodulatory properties. the efficient production of this protein can be achieved through a popular industrial host, chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. however, recombinant expression of foreign proteins is typically suboptimal possibly due to the usage of non-native codon patterns within the coding sequence. therefore, we demonstrated the application of a recently developed codon optimi ...201323876479
identification of a novel endogenous regulatory element in chinese hamster ovary cells by promoter trap.the objective of this study was to identify and isolate endogenous promoters in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells using a promoter trap approach. a promoter-less vector harboring a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-hygromycin resistance gene cassette was designed and transfected into cho cells. putative promoters were identified by selecting for gfp(+) clones under hygromycin selection. genomic dna from these clones was then digested and self-ligated to give rise to a plasmid carrying the putative ...201323850860
investigation of the mutagenic potential of cold atmospheric plasma at bactericidal dosages.in the past few years, cold atmospheric plasma (cap) has evolved into a new tool in the fight against nosocomial infections and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. the products generated by the plasma-electrons, ions, reactive species and uv light-represent a 'lethal cocktail' for different kinds of pathogen, which opens up possible applications in hygiene and medicine. nevertheless, to ensure the safe usage of cap on skin (e.g., to treat wounds or skin diseases) several pre-clinical in vitro s ...201323416235
identification of var2csa domain-specific inhibitory antibodies of the plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 using a novel flow cytometry assay.var2csa, a member of the plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (pfemp1) family, is a leading candidate for use in vaccines to protect first-time mothers from placental malaria (pm). var2csa, which is comprised of a series of six duffy binding-like (dbl) domains, binds chondroitin sulfate a (csa) on placental syncytiotrophoblast. several recombinant dbl domains have been shown to bind csa. in order to identify and develop recombinant proteins suitable for clinical development, dbl2 ...201323345587
dose-dependent efficacy and safety toxicology of hydroxypyridinonate actinide decorporation agents in rodents: towards a safe and effective human dosing regimen.two hydroxypyridinone-containing actinide decorporation agents, 3,4,3-li(1,2-hopo) and 5-lio(me-3,2-hopo), are being developed for the treatment of internal actinide contamination by chelation therapy. dose-response efficacy profiles in mice were established for the removal of intravenously injected (238)pu and (241)am after parenteral and oral treatment with these chelators. in both cases, presumed efficacious doses promoted substantially greater actinide elimination rates than the currently ap ...201323289385
analysis of the landscape of biologically-derived pharmaceuticals in europe: dominant production systems, molecule types on the rise and approval trends.a thorough sort of the human drugs approved by the european medicines agency (ema) between its establishment in 1995 until june 2012 is presented herein with a focus on biologically-derived pharmaceuticals. over 200 (33%) of the 640 approved therapeutic drugs are derived from natural sources, produced via recombinant dna technology, or generated through virus propagation. a breakdown based on production method, type of molecule and therapeutic category is presented. current ema approvals demonst ...201323262060
mc3: a steady-state model and constraint consistency checker for biochemical networks.stoichiometric models provide a structural framework for analyzing steady-state cellular behavior. models are developed either through augmentations of existing models or more recently through automatic reconstruction tools. there is currently no standardized practice or method for validating the properties of a model before placing it in the public domain. considerable effort is often required to understand a model's inconsistencies before its reuse within new research efforts.201324261865
chimeric hepatitis b virus/hepatitis c virus envelope proteins elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies and constitute a potential bivalent prophylactic vaccine.the development of a prophylactic vaccine against hepatitis c virus (hcv) has become an important medical priority, because 3-4 million new hcv infections are thought to occur each year worldwide. hepatitis b virus (hbv) is another major human pathogen, but infections with this virus can be prevented with a safe, efficient vaccine, based on the remarkable ability of the envelope protein (s) of this virus to self-assemble into highly immunogenic subviral particles. chimeric hbv-hcv envelope prote ...201323150224
lipopolysaccharide-induced m2 to m1 macrophage transformation for il-12p70 production is blocked by candida albicans mediated up-regulation of ebi3 expression.macrophages are heterogeneous cell populations that are present in all tissues. macrophages can be divided into classically activated inflammatory macrophages (m1) and alternatively activated anti-inflammatory macrophages (m2). it has been generally accepted that m1 macrophages are polarised in an inflammatory environment to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, whilst m2 macrophages are involved in anti-inflammation and aid tissue repair in wound healing. bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; ...201323724011
the bacillus cereus hbl and nhe tripartite enterotoxin components assemble sequentially on the surface of target cells and are not interchangeable.bacillus cereus is a spore-forming, gram-positive bacterium commonly associated with outbreaks of food poisoning. it is also known as an opportunistic pathogen causing clinical infections such as bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia, and gas gangrene-like cutaneous infections, mostly in immunocompromised patients. b. cereus secretes a plethora of toxins of which four are associated with the symptoms of food poisoning. two of these, the non-hemolytic enterotoxin nhe and the hemolysin bl (hbl) toxin, ...201324204713
role of phospholipase a₂ (pla₂) inhibitors in attenuating apoptosis of the corneal epithelial cells and mitigation of acanthamoeba keratitis.the aim of this study is to determine if the mannose-induced protein (mip-133) from acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites induces apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells through a cytosolic phospholipase a2α (cpla2α)-mediated pathway. the efficacy of cpla2α inhibitors to provide protection against acanthamoeba keratitis was examined in vivo. chinese hamster corneal epithelial (hcorn) cells were incubated with or without mip-133. mip-133 induces significant increase in cpla2α and macrophage inflamm ...201323792108
imaging living cells surface and quantifying its properties at high resolution using afm in qi™ mode.since the last 10 years, afm has become a powerful tool to study biological samples. however, the classical modes offered (imaging or tapping mode) often damage sample that are too soft or loosely immobilized. if imaging and mechanical properties are required, it requests long recording time as two different experiments must be conducted independently. in this study we compare the new qi™ mode against contact imaging mode and force volume mode, and we point out its benefit in the new challenges ...201323522742
zebrafish encoded 3-o-sulfotransferase-2 generated heparan sulfate serves as a receptor during hsv-1 entry and spread.previously we reported the role of zebrafish (zf) encoded glucosaminyl 3-o-sulfotransferase-3 (3-ost-3) isoform in assisting herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) entry and spread by generating an entry receptor to hsv-1 envelope glycoprotein d (gd). however, the ability of zf encoded 3-ost-2 isoform to participate in hsv-1 entry has not been determined although it is predominantly expressed in zf brain, a prime target for hsv-1 to infect and establish lifelong latency. here we report the expressi ...201323416072
the amino terminus of herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein k is required for virion entry via the paired immunoglobulin-like type-2 receptor alpha.the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein k (gk)/ul20 protein complex is incorporated into virion envelopes and cellular membranes and functions during virus entry and cell-to-cell spread. to investigate the role of gk/ul20 in the context of a highly neurovirulent virus strain, the hsv-1(mckrae) genome was cloned into a bacterial artificial chromosome plasmid (mckbac) and utilized to construct the mutant virus mck(gkδ31-68), carrying a 37-amino-acid deletion within the gk amino terminus. t ...201323302878
an ultra scale-down characterization of low shear stress primary recovery stages to enhance selectivity of fusion protein recovery from its molecular variants.fusion proteins offer the prospect of new therapeutic products with multiple functions. the primary recovery is investigated of a fusion protein consisting of modified e2 protein from hepatitis c virus fused to human igg1 fc and expressed in a chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell line. fusion protein products inevitably pose increased challenge in preparation and purification. of particular concerns are: (i) the impact of shear stress on product integrity and (ii) the presence of product-related con ...201323436198
inactivation of caliciviruses.the caliciviridae family of viruses contains clinically important human and animal pathogens, as well as vesivirus 2117, a known contaminant of biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes employing chinese hamster cells. an extensive literature exists for inactivation of various animal caliciviruses, especially feline calicivirus and murine norovirus. the caliciviruses are susceptible to wet heat inactivation at temperatures in excess of 60 °c with contact times of 30 min or greater, to uv-c inact ...201324276023
inhibition of dna synthesis is not sufficient to cause mutagenesis in chinese hamster cells.experiments were designed to test whether the inhibition of dna synthesis in chinese hamster v79 cells would result in increased mutagenesis by a mechanism similar to "sos repair" in e. coli. treatment of cells for 16 hours with excess of the deoxynucleosides tdr, udr, adr and gdr was mutagenic, whereas treatment with hydroxyurea demonstrated no mutagenic effect. the mutagenicity of tdr could be reversed by the addition of cdr. in e. coli, inhibition of dna synthesis by a short exposure to hydro ...20136814532
comparative study of chinese hamster ovary cell versus escherichia coli-derived bone morphogenetic protein-2 using the critical-size supraalveolar peri-implant defect model.chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhbmp-2) has been introduced for spine, long bone, and craniofacial indications. escherichia coli- (e. coli) derived rhbmp-2 displays comparable efficacy to cho cell-derived rhbmp-2 in vitro and in small-animal models. the objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of e. coli-derived rhbmp-2 compared to the benchmark cho cell-derived rhbmp-2 using an established large-animal model.201322612368
synthesis, characterization and antimalarial activity of quinoline-pyrimidine hybrids.the aim of this study was to synthesize a series of quinoline-pyrimidine hybrids and to evaluate their in vitro antimalarial activity as well as cytotoxicity. the hybrids were brought about in a two-step nucleophilic substitution process involving quinoline and pyrimidine moieties. they were screened alongside chloroquine (cq), pyrimethamine (pm) and fixed combinations thereof against the d10 and dd2 strains of plasmodium falciparum. the cytotoxicity was determined against the mammalian chinese ...201323168082
synthesis, antimycobacterial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of 5-chloro-n-phenylpyrazine-2-carboxamides.5-chloropyrazinamide (5-cl-pza) is an inhibitor of mycobacterial fatty acid synthase i with a broad spectrum of antimycobacterial activity in vitro. some n-phenylpyrazine-2-carboxamides with different substituents on both the pyrazine and phenyl core possess significant in vitro activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis. to test the activity of structures combining both the 5-cl-pza and anilide motifs a series of thirty 5-chloro-n-phenylpyrazine-2-carboxamides with various substituents r on th ...201324317522
mycoplasma hyorhinis markedly degrades β-amyloid peptides in vitro and ex vivo: a novel biological approach for treating alzheimer's disease?accumulation of amyloid-β (aβ) peptides (predominantly aβ40, 42) and their aggregation into plaques in the brain are thought to be the one of the major causes of alzheimer's disease (ad). originally discovered in our chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell line stably expressing human wild-type amyloid precursor protein (app) (cho/appwt) cultures devoid of aβ production, we found that mycoplasma selectively degrades soluble aβ in a time and dose (colony forming unit) dependent manner. moreover, we full ...201324093060
activation of an immune response in litopenaeus vannamei by oral immunization with phagocytosis activating protein (pap) dna.the phagocytosis activating protein (pap) gene has been reported to stimulate the phagocytic activity of shrimp hemocytes and to protect shrimp from several pathogens. in this study oral administration of the chitosan-pap gene to shrimp was investigated for its ability to induce immunity. the pap gene was cooperated into a phmgfp plasmid, named pap-phmgfp. chitosan-pap-phmgfp nanoparticles were formed by mixing a low molecular weight chitosan (50 kda) and a high molecular weight chitosan (150 kd ...201323353001
inhibition of binding of vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (vvh) by mβcd.vibrio vulnificus secrets a pore-forming toxin called vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (vvh). in this study, we showed that methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (mβcd), an oligosaccharide, decreased binding of vvh to chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells, resulting in inhibition of its cytotoxicity. when the vvh was incubated with mβcd, cytotoxicity of the toxin was inhibited from 100.3 ± 7.2% to 19.6 ± 5.3%. binding analysis showed that the amount of vvh on the cells was decreased from 101.4 ± 9.2% to 18.1 ± 8.0% o ...201323238452
reprint of neutrophil cell surface receptors and their intracellular signal transduction pathways.neutrophils play a critical role in the host defense against bacterial and fungal infections, but their inappropriate activation also contributes to tissue damage during autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. neutrophils express a large number of cell surface receptors for the recognition of pathogen invasion and the inflammatory environment. those include g-protein-coupled chemokine and chemoattractant receptors, fc-receptors, adhesion receptors such as selectins/selectin ligands and integrins, ...201324263067
neutrophil cell surface receptors and their intracellular signal transduction pathways.neutrophils play a critical role in the host defense against bacterial and fungal infections, but their inappropriate activation also contributes to tissue damage during autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. neutrophils express a large number of cell surface receptors for the recognition of pathogen invasion and the inflammatory environment. those include g-protein-coupled chemokine and chemoattractant receptors, fc-receptors, adhesion receptors such as selectins/selectin ligands and integrins, ...201323994464
proteome wide evaluation of the separation ability of hydrophobic interaction chromatography by fluorescent dye binding analysis.hydrophobic interaction chromatography (hic) is an important tool in the industrial purification of proteins from various sources. the hic separation behavior of individual (or model) proteins has been widely researched by others. on the contrary, this study focused on the fractionation ability of hic when it is challenged with whole proteomes. the impact of the nature of three different proteomes, that is, yeast, soybean, and chinese hamster ovary cells, on hic separation was investigated. in d ...201324277606
the identification of novel proteins that interact with the glp-1 receptor and restrain its activity.glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (glp-1r) controls diverse physiological functions in tissues including the pancreatic islets, brain, and heart. to understand the mechanisms that control glucagon-like peptide 1 (glp-1) signaling better, we sought to identify proteins that interact with the glp-1r using a membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid (myth) assay. a screen of a human fetal brain cdna prey library with an unliganded human glp-1r as bait in yeast revealed 38 novel interactor prot ...201323864651
close association between paralogous multiple isomirs and paralogous/orthologues mirna sequences implicates dominant sequence selection across various animal species.micrornas (mirnas) are crucial negative regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. next-generation sequencing technologies have identified a series of mirna variants (named isomirs). in this study, paralogous isomir assemblies (from the mirna locus) were systematically analyzed based on data acquired from deep sequencing data sets. evolutionary analysis of paralogous (members in mirna gene family in a specific species) and orthologues (across different animal species) mirna ...201323856130
validated detection of anti-gd2 antibody ch14.18/cho in serum of neuroblastoma patients using anti-idiotype antibody ganglidiomab.human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody (mab) ch14.18 is directed against disialoganglioside gd2 and has demonstrated activity and efficacy in high-risk neuroblastoma (nb). for the purpose of industrial production, ch14.18 was manufactured in chinese hamster ovarian cells (ch14.18/cho) in order to facilitate clinical trials in europe. to determine immunopharmacological effects of ch14.18 in preclinical models and clinical trials, a validated method of quantitative detection of ch14.18/cho in se ...201324055592
preparation and properties of nanometer silk fibroin peptide/polyvinyl alcohol blend films for cell growth.nanometer silk fibroin peptide (nano-sfp) was prepared from silkworm cocoons through the process of dissolution, dialysis and enzymolysis. for comparison, silk fibroin was decomposed with α-chymotrypsin, trypsin and neutrase, respectively. from the sem and particle size analysis results, the nano-sfp prepared by neutrase was found to be the most desirable at about 50-200 nm. nano-sfp/polyvinyl alcohol films (nano-sfp/pva) were prepared by blending nano-sfp and pva in water with different weight ...201323831539
gly161 mutations associated with primary hyperoxaluria type i induce the cytosolic aggregation and the intracellular degradation of the apo-form of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase.primary hyperoxaluria type i (ph1) is a severe rare disorder of metabolism due to inherited mutations on liver peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (agt), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzyme whose deficiency causes the deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys and urinary tract. ph1 is an extremely heterogeneous disease and there are more than 150 disease-causing mutations currently known, most of which are missense mutations. moreover, the molecular mechanisms ...201324055001
identification of voltage-gated k(+) channel beta 2 (kvβ2) subunit as a novel interaction partner of the pain transducer transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel (trpv1).the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (trpv1, vanilloid receptor 1) ion channel plays a key role in the perception of thermal and inflammatory pain, however, its molecular environment in dorsal root ganglia (drg) is largely unexplored. utilizing a panel of sequence-directed antibodies against trpv1 protein and mouse drg membranes, the channel complex from mouse drg was detergent-solubilized, isolated by immunoprecipitation and subsequently analyzed by mass spectrometry. a number of potent ...201324036102
reactive oxygen species spermine metabolites generated from amine oxidases and radiation represent a therapeutic gain in cancer treatments.the most frequent interventions in cancer therapy are currently the destruction of cells by irradiation or administration of drugs both able to induce radical formation and toxic metabolites by enzyme-catalyzed reactions. the aim of this study was to determine the cell viability of cells undergoing a dna damage threshold accomplished by ros overproduction via both ectopic expression of murine spermine oxidase (msmox) and bovine serum amine oxidase (bsao) enzymes. low dose of x-irradiation delive ...201323857253
identification of autocrine growth factors secreted by cho cells for applications in single-cell cloning media.chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell lines are widely used for the expression of therapeutic recombinant proteins, including monoclonal antibodies and other biologics. for manufacturing, cells derived from a single-cell clone are typically used to ensure product consistency. presently, fetal bovine serum (fbs) is commonly used to support low cell density cultures to obtain clonal cell populations because cells grow slowly, or even do not survive at low cell densities in protein-free media. however, ...201323763710
macrophage folate receptor-targeted antiretroviral therapy facilitates drug entry, retention, antiretroviral activities and biodistribution for reduction of human immunodeficiency virus infections.macrophages serve as vehicles for the carriage and delivery of polymer-coated nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoart). although superior to native drug, high drug concentrations are required for viral inhibition. herein, folate-modified ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (atv/r)-encased polymers facilitated macrophage receptor targeting for optimizing drug dosing. folate coating of nanoart atv/r significantly enhanced cell uptake, retention and antiretroviral activities without altering cell v ...201323680933
multiarray formation of cho spheroids cocultured with feeder cells for highly efficient protein production in serum-free medium.functional proteins like antibody, cytokine and growth factor have been widely used for basic biological research, diagnosis and cancer therapy. particularly, antibody drugs as attractive biopharmaceuticals will be expected to create an enormous new market. chinese hamster ovay (cho) cells are being increasingly used in industry for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins including antibody drugs. although three-dimensional culture is preferred to two-dimensional monolayer culture for ...201323646721
multiple mechanisms of action of pyridoxine in primary hyperoxaluria type 1.primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (ph1) is a rare hereditary calcium oxalate kidney stone disease caused by a deficiency of the liver-specific pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent peroxisomal enzyme alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (agt). about one third of patients are responsive to pharmacological doses of pyridoxine (vitamin b6), but its mechanism of action is unknown. using stably transformed chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells expressing various normal and mutant forms of agt, we have shown that pyrid ...201323597595
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