Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| effect of deworming on milk production in dairy cattle and buffaloes infected with gastrointestinal parasites in the kavrepalanchowk district of central nepal. | in nepal, knowledge of proper handling, management and causes of cattle diseases is still limited. the main objective of this study was to explore the impact of deworming on milk production and its effect on milk qualities. | 2020 | 32153784 |
| relationship between expression pattern of vitamin d receptor, 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, and chemokine rantes genes and selected serum parameters during transition period in holstein dairy cows. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of genetic expression of vitamin d receptor (vdr), 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1α-ohase) enzyme and chemokine regulated on activation normal t-cell expressed and secreted (rantes) in peripheral blood of holstein dairy cows during transition period. | 2020 | 32153783 |
| microbial community and its association with physicochemical factors during compost bedding for dairy cows. | overproduction of livestock manure can cause significant environmental challenges. compost bedding (cb) is considered an effective approach for recycling the agricultural byproducts and improving the welfare of dairy cattle. during the cb preparing, the composition of microbial communities is usually altered; however, the patterns and drivers of cb microbial communities remains to be investigated. the current study aimed to explore the dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities during the vari ... | 2020 | 32153538 |
| automated prediction of mastitis infection patterns in dairy herds using machine learning. | mastitis in dairy cattle is extremely costly both in economic and welfare terms and is one of the most significant drivers of antimicrobial usage in dairy cattle. a critical step in the prevention of mastitis is the diagnosis of the predominant route of transmission of pathogens into either contagious (cont) or environmental (env), with environmental being further subdivided as transmission during either the nonlactating "dry" period (edp) or lactating period (el). using data from 1000 farms, ra ... | 2020 | 32152401 |
| a case-control study of herd- and cow-level risk factors associated with an outbreak of mycoplasma mastitis in nemuro, japan. | the objective of this case-control study was to determine the herd- and cow-level risk factors associated with an outbreak of mycoplasma bovine mastitis in the winter of 2014-2015 in nemuro, hokkaido, japan. two questionnaire surveys were sent to all 40 mycoplasma-infected farms in the area and 73 non-infected farms for the farm-level analysis. infected cows were matched to twice the number of non-infected cows in the same herds by parity and days after calving. movement records, dairy herd test ... | 2020 | 32151783 |
| effects of extruded linseed and soybean dietary supplementation on lactation performance, first-service conception rate, and mastitis incidence in holstein dairy cows. | this study quantifies the effects of extruded linseed and soybean (els) dietary supplementation on milk yield, composition, and fatty acid profiles, as well as first-service conception rate in holstein dairy cows. seventy-eight open holstein dairy cows were divided into two groups: (1) a control, which received a basal diet; and (2) a test group, which received a basal diet supplemented with the els (650 g/kg of extruded linseed and 150 g/kg of extruded soybean) at a rate of 100 g/kg. in the els ... | 2020 | 32150851 |
| interaction of salmonella enterica with bovine epithelial cells demonstrates serovar-specific association and invasion patterns. | dairy cows are known reservoirs of salmonella enterica and human salmonellosis has been attributed to the consumption of contaminated dairy and beef products as well as poultry meat and eggs. although many s. enterica serovars are known to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of cattle, the interactions between dairy commensal (or persistent) and transient salmonella serovars with bovine epithelial cells are not well understood. association-invasion assays were used to characterize the interactio ... | 2020 | 32150696 |
| effects of calliandra and sesbania on daily milk production in dairy cows on commercial smallholder farms in kenya. | there is a growing interest in protein supplementation of dairy-cow diets using leguminous shrubs. the study objective was to ascertain the association between diet supplementation with calliandra calothyrsus and sesbania sesban and milk production in dairy cattle on commercial smallholder farms. this trial involved 235 cows from 80 smallholder dairy farms in kenya randomly allocated to 4 intervention groups: (1) receiving calliandra and sesbania and nutritional advice; (2) receiving reproductiv ... | 2020 | 32148747 |
| characterizing the attitudes and motivations of ontario dairy producers toward udder health. | considerable research has focused on identifying risk factors for intramammary infections, yet mastitis remains a pervasive disease on dairy farms. increasingly, researchers are appreciating the role of dairy producer mindset in determining management style and thus udder health status of the herd. the objective of this study was to explore the attitudes and motivations of ontario dairy farmers toward udder health in herds with varying bulk milk somatic cell count (bmscc). in december 2011, 5 fo ... | 2020 | 32147271 |
| liquid molasses interacts with buffers to affect ruminal fermentation, milk fatty acid profile, and milk fat synthesis in dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets. | we aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding sugarcane liquid molasses (lm) with or without a commercial buffer mix (bfm) on ruminal fermentation parameters, milk fatty acid (fa) profile, and milk yield and composition in dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets (35:65 forage-to-concentrate ratio). eight multiparous holstein cows (4 ruminally cannulated) averaging 165 ± 12 d in milk at the beginning of the study were randomly assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial ... | 2020 | 32147270 |
| potential of milk mid-infrared spectra to predict nitrogen use efficiency of individual dairy cows in early lactation. | improving nitrogen use efficiency (nue) at both the individual cow and the herd level has become a key target in dairy production systems, for both environmental and economic reasons. cost-effective and large-scale phenotyping methods are required to improve nue through genetic selection and by feeding and management strategies. the aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using mid-infrared (mir) spectra of milk to predict individual dairy cow nue during early lactation. data were c ... | 2020 | 32147266 |
| methane emission, metabolism, and performance of holstein dairy cows with low, medium, and high lymphocyte proliferation during transition. | this study aimed to identify interactions between state of lactation (dry or early lactating) and immune responder group (low, medium, or high) for energy metabolism traits as well as metabolic and immunological traits in dairy cows. in early lactation, when the energy priority of cows shifts toward the mammary gland, the energy available to be partitioned toward the immune system may differ among individuals. the equilibrium between energy supply from feed, digestion, and body reserve mobilizat ... | 2020 | 32147260 |
| evaluation of 4 different teat disinfection methods prior to collection of milk samples for bacterial culture in dairy cattle. | the first objective of this study was to determine whether differences would occur among teat end preparation techniques with regard to potential contamination of milk samples collected for bacterial culture. the second objective was to determine whether differences would be detected in genus or species of bacteria isolated from samples collected using the various methods as well as from contaminated or uncontaminated samples. mammary quarter foremilk samples were collected from lactating dairy ... | 2020 | 32147259 |
| symposium review: considerations for the future of dairy cattle housing: an animal welfare perspective. | many contemporary dairy cattle housing practices are at odds with societal perceptions of positive animal welfare. the public (i.e., those external to the dairy industry) typically emphasizes the importance of naturalness for dairy cattle, such as through provision of pasture, freedom of movement, and the ability to interact socially with conspecifics. yet, in the united states, the majority of lactating dairy cattle are reportedly housed without any access to pasture, and almost 39% of dairy fa ... | 2020 | 32147258 |
| an economic comparison of pasture-based production systems differing in sward type and cow genotype. | the objective of this study was to compare the economic performance of 2 sward types [perennial ryegrass (prg; lolium perenne l.) sown with or without white clover (trifolium repens l.)] grazed by 3 cow genotypes. physical performance data were collected from a 4-yr systems experiment based at clonakilty agricultural college, clonakilty, co. cork, ireland. the experiment compared 2 sward types (prg-only swards and prg-white clover swards), with each sward type being grazed by cows from 3 genotyp ... | 2020 | 32147257 |
| occurrence of β-lactam-resistant staphylococcus aureus in milk from primiparous dairy cows in the northeastern region of brazil. | the objective of the current study was to isolate and identify staphylococcus (s.) aureus strains resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics from primiparous cows' milk. a total of 432 milk samples were collected from all primiparous dairy cows in early lactation that originated from 9 dairy properties. all samples were cultured in mannitol salt agar enriched with egg yolk emulsion. determination of genotypic resistance of s. aureus was achieved by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for amplification of ... | 2020 | 32146685 |
| chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils against pathogens often related to cattle endometritis. | endometritis is a condition marked by inflammation of the endometrium that affects dairy cows from 21 days after parturition, causing damage to herd fertility and economic losses on farms. the use of active compounds obtained from plant sources has gained importance as disease treatment agents in farm animals due to the high resistance rates currently observed against traditional antibiotics commonly used. the study was carried out to examine the chemical composition and to investigate the antib ... | 2020 | 32146452 |
| identification of a novel bacterial taxon associated with bovine mastitis showing a close evolutionary relationship with elizabethkingia sp. | recently, the characteristics of prevalent bacterial pathogens causing bovine mastitis have become increasingly complicated, and many commensal or unusual bacterial species have been isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis. strain js20170427cow was isolated dominantly from the milk of holstein friesian cows with mastitis in jiangsu province in china. colonies of this strain showed a hillock-like protrusion, with a pale-yellow color at the protrusion and a transparent edge, 4-5 mm in dia ... | 2020 | 32146293 |
| ovarian and uterine arteries blood flow waveform response in the first two cycles following superstimulation in cows. | to investigate the ovarian and uterine blood flow responses, hemodynamic, circulating ovarian hormones and nitric oxide (no) after end of treatment by folltropin. holstein friesian (12) cows previously synchronized with cidr underwent doppler ultrasound after administrating of fsh daily for 4 days in eight injections started on day 10 of the second ovulation (day -5). oestradiol (e2), progesterone (p4) and nitric oxide (noms) were measured. during the follicular phase, follicle area and antrum a ... | 2020 | 32145122 |
| moringa oleifera leaf flavonoids protect bovine mammary epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in vitro. | bovine mammary epithelial cells (bmecs) of high-producing dairy cows are subject to constant oxidative stress as a result of high metabolic rate and physiological adaptation to intensive farming. moringa (moringa oleifera) leaf has been proposed to have the antioxidant potential in scavenging free radicals due to the presence of flavonoids. in this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effects of moringa leaf flavonoids in alleviating oxidative stress in bmecs in vitro. oxidative stress was ... | 2020 | 32144827 |
| impacts of compost bedded pack barns on the welfare and comfort of dairy cows. | three loose housing systems for lactating cows (compost bedded pack, cbp; conventional bedded pack, bp; and freestalls, fs) were assessed on one farm in terms of cow behavior and welfare. an on-farm welfare assessment based on the welfare quality protocols was used four times every three months on 757 cows. video recordings taken twice over four days were used to assess behavior patterns at resting areas. cows in cbp and bp were dirtier than those in fs (p < 0.0001). fewer integument alterations ... | 2020 | 32143352 |
| combined signature of rumen microbiome and metabolome in dairy cows with different feed intake levels. | feed intake is a major factor in maintaining the balance between ruminal fermentation and the microbial community of dairy cows. to explore the relationship among feed intake, microbial metabolism, and ruminal fermentation, we examined the combined signatures of the microbiome and metabolome in dairy cows with different feed intake levels. eighteen dairy cows were allocated to high feed intake (hfi), medium feed intake (mfi), and low feed intake (lfi) groups according to their average daily feed ... | 2020 | 32141506 |
| promoter hypermethylation of piwi/pirna pathway genes associated with diminished pachytene pirna production in bovine hybrid male sterility. | hybrid male sterility (hms) is a postzygotic reproductive isolation mechanism that enforces speciation. a bovine example of hms is the yattle (also called dzo), an interspecies hybrid of taurine cattle (bos taurus) and yak (bos grunniens). the molecular mechanisms underlying hms of yattle are not well understood. epigenetic modifications of dna methylation and p-element induced wimpy testis (piwi)-interacting rna (pirnas) are important regulators in spermatogenesis. in this study, we investigate ... | 2020 | 32141383 |
| alterations in vaginal temperature during the estrous cycle in dairy cows detected by a new intravaginal device-a pilot study. | estrus identification is important in dairy cow production. at present, estrus identification is automated with a pedometer or accelerometer and the results remain unsatisfactory. it was previously reported that body temperature changes during estrus. in the present study, dairy cow vaginal temperature (vt) was monitored during various seasons, and an increase in vt of 0.3 °c was suggested for the onset of estrus, using an automated vt monitoring system developed in-house. natural and synchroniz ... | 2020 | 32140971 |
| serpina1 gene identified in rna-seq showed strong association with milk protein concentration in chinese holstein cows. | the detection of candidate genes and mutations associated with phenotypic traits is important for livestock animals. a previous rna-seq study revealed that serpina1 gene was a functional candidate that may affect milk protein concentration in dairy cows. to further confirm the genetic effect of serpina1 on milk protein traits, genetic polymorphisms were identified and genotype-phenotype associations were performed in a large chinese holstein cattle population. the entire coding region and the 5' ... | 2020 | 32140298 |
| feed additives differentially impact the epimural microbiota and host epithelial gene expression of the bovine rumen fed diets rich in concentrates. | the success of nutritional strategies for the prevention of subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) and the related microbial dysbiosis still remains unpredictable due to the complexity of the rumen ecosystem. the rumen epimural community, due to proximity, has the greatest opportunity to influence host gene expression. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of two separate feed additives on the rumen epimural community and host epithelial gene expression. eight rumen cannulated holstein cow ... | 2020 | 32140139 |
| suitability of individual and bulk milk samples to investigate the humoral immune response to lumpy skin disease vaccination by elisa. | the detection of antibodies against capripoxvirus has become easier with a commercially available elisa validated for serum and plasma. in order to explore its suitability for immunological investigations on alternative samples, this study targeted milk as sample matrix available through non-invasive sampling. | 2020 | 32138740 |
| evaluation of production parameters and health of dairy cows treated with pegbovigrastim in the transition period. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pegbovigrastim injection (imrestor, elanco animal health, greenfield, in) on production parameters and postpartum disease occurrence (retained placenta, metritis, displaced abomasum, and clinical mastitis) in dairy cows. study cows (n = 270) were blocked by parity group (multiparous or primiparous) and randomly assigned to control (con, n = 144) or pegbovigrastim treatment (imr, n = 126). ten ± 4 days before expected calving and again at calvi ... | 2020 | 32135413 |
| the seroprevalence of brucellosis and molecular characterization of brucella species circulating in the beef cattle herds in albania. | brucellosis is a ubiquitous zoonotic disease globally. it is endemic among bovines, sheep, and goats in albania. the national control and eradication programs for brucellosis has been applied on sheep and goat farms as well as large dairy cattle farms, i.e., those with more than ten milking cows. the current study aims at estimating the herd and average individual animal prevalence of brucellosis in the national beef cattle herds, the missing information that was essential to propose the most ap ... | 2020 | 32134953 |
| lactation stage impacts the glycolytic function of bovine cd4+ t cells during ex vivo activation. | dairy cattle undergo dynamic physiological changes over the course of a full lactation into the dry period, which impacts their immunocompetence. during activation, t cells undergo a characteristic rewiring to increase the uptake of glucose and metabolically reprogram to favor aerobic glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation. to date it remains to be completely elucidated how the altered energetic demands associated with lactation in dairy cows impacts t cell metabolic reprogramming. thus, in o ... | 2020 | 32132555 |
| prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and its association with milking practices in an intensive dairy production region of uganda. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for sub-clinical mastitis (scm) in mbarara district, an intensive dairy production region of uganda where hand-milking is dominant. in 30 farms, herd-level milking practices and scm prevalence were studied. the scm prevalences were 68.6% (417/608, 95% confidence interval (ci): 64.9-72.2%) and 39.2% (946/2,411, 37.3-41.2%) at the cow- and quarter-levels, respectively. a preventive factor for scm was cow calmness at the end of m ... | 2020 | 32132316 |
| milk production responses and rumen fermentation of dairy cows supplemented with summer brassicas. | forage brassicas, such as summer turnip (st; brassica rapa) and forage rape (fr; brassica napus), are used as supplementary crops during summer. however, studies with lactating dairy cows fed these forages are limited and report inconsistent productive responses. the aim of this study was to determine dry matter intake, rumen fermentation and milk production responses of dairy cows in mid-lactation supplemented with and without summer ('st' or 'fr') brassicas. twelve multiparous lactating dairy ... | 2020 | 32131931 |
| determination of in situ ruminal degradation of phytate phosphorus from single and compound feeds in dairy cows using chemical analysis and near-infrared spectroscopy. | the ruminal degradation of p bound in phytate (insp6) can vary between feeds, but data on ruminal degradation of insp6 from different feedstuffs for cattle are rare. one objective of this study was to increase the data base on ruminal effective degradation of insp6 (insp6ed) and to assess if insp6ed of compound feeds (cf) can be calculated from comprising single feeds. as a second objective, use of near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) to predict insp6 concentrations was tested. nine single feeds (m ... | 2020 | 32131928 |
| concordance rate between copy number variants detected using either high- or medium-density single nucleotide polymorphism genotype panels and the potential of imputing copy number variants from flanking high density single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes in cattle. | the trading of individual animal genotype information often involves only the exchange of the called genotypes and not necessarily the additional information required to effectively call structural variants. the main aim here was to determine if it is possible to impute copy number variants (cnvs) using the flanking single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) haplotype structure in cattle. while this objective was achieved using high-density genotype panels (i.e., 713,162 snps), a secondary objective i ... | 2020 | 32131735 |
| first evidence of bovine immunodeficiency virus infection in mexican cattle. | this study set out to identify the presence of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) in animals geographically located in mexico. biv was first discovered in the united states in a dairy cow with persistent lymphocytosis, lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphocytic encephalitis. many studies indicate that biv infection is globally distributed, but its presence in mexico remains unknown. we collected 1,168 heparinized blood samples from cattle in ten states across the mexican republic, then separated plas ... | 2020 | 32129921 |
| challenges for controlling bovine tuberculosis in south africa. | all effects taken together, bovine tuberculosis (btb) has a long-term detrimental effect on bovine herds and many wildlife species in south africa. the disease is not only found in domestic cattle but also in african buffaloes and has to date been diagnosed in 21 wildlife species, including several rare and endangered species, thus having a potentially serious effect on conservation and biodiversity. in cattle, btb is mostly characterised by sporadic outbreaks, but bovine herds chronically infec ... | 2020 | 32129639 |
| intranasal bacterial therapeutics reduce colonization by the respiratory pathogen mannheimia haemolytica in dairy calves. | six lactobacillus strains originating from the nasopharyngeal microbiota of cattle were previously characterized in vitro and identified as candidate bacterial therapeutics (bts) for mitigating the bovine respiratory pathogen mannheimia haemolytica in the present study, these bt strains were evaluated for their potential to (i) reduce nasal colonization by m. haemolytica, (ii) modulate the nasal microbiota, and (iii) stimulate an immune response in calves experimentally challenged with m. haemol ... | 2020 | 32127421 |
| bartonella bovis and bartonella chomelii infection in dairy cattle and their ectoparasites in algeria. | bartonella are blood-borne and vector-transmitted bacteria, some of which are zoonotic. b. bovis and b. chomelii have been reported in cattle. however, no information has yet been provided on bartonella infection in cattle in algeria. therefore, 313 cattle from 45 dairy farms were surveyed in kabylia, algeria, in order to identify bartonella species infecting cattle using serological and molecular tests. in addition, 277 ticks and 33 hippoboscidae flies were collected. bartonella bovis and b. ch ... | 2020 | 32126432 |
| antimicrobial use for treatment of clinical mastitis in dairy herds from brazil and its association with herd-level descriptors. | the aims of this prospective and descriptive study were to: (a) characterize treatment profile and quantify antimicrobial consumption for treatment of clinical mastitis (cm) in dairy herds of brazil; and, (b) determine the association of antimicrobial use (amu) for treatment of cm and herd-level descriptors, such as herd size, average milk yield, bulk milk somatic cell count (bmscc), bulk milk total bacterial count (bmtbc), season and housing type. data on treatment practices were obtained from ... | 2020 | 32126401 |
| effect of two postpartum intramuscular treatments with β-carotene (carofertin®) on the blood concentration of β-carotene and on the reproductive performance parameters of dairy cows. | the aim of the study was to determine whether two postpartum intramuscular treatments with 200 mg of beta-(β-)carotene (carofertin; alvetra u. werfft, vienna, austria) in a 14-day interval increases β-carotene concentrations in blood, particularly around the time of the first artificial insemination (ai), and to test the effect of the treatment on fertility parameters, luteal size, and progesterone blood levels of dairy cows. a total of 297 holstein dairy cows were enrolled in the study. between ... | 2020 | 32126391 |
| critical thi thresholds based on the physiological parameters of lactating dairy cows. | the severity of heat stress conditions in high-yielding dairy cows is currently underestimated. the present study aimed to determine the heat load threshold of the temperature-humidity index (thi) on physiological parameters of lactating holstein-friesian cows under a continental climatic zone in germany. physiological parameter measurements, such as respiration rate (rr), measured hourly, and heart rate (hr) and rectal temperature (rt), both measured twice daily, were performed in a total of 13 ... | 2020 | 32125999 |
| daily rumination time of lactating dairy cows under heat stress conditions. | the dairy industry in regions with moderate climates, such as central europe, will be increasingly challenged in the future by climate change. the problem of heat stress will especially affect dairy husbandry in naturally ventilated barns (nvb). the approach of the study was to determine a heat stress threshold of the average daily temperature-humidity index (thi) that results in changes in the daily rumination time (rt) of lactating, high-yielding cows. the data set was composed of a high sampl ... | 2020 | 32125974 |
| effect of high temperature on physiological parameters of nelore (bos taurus indicus) and caracu (bos taurus taurus) cattle breeds. | the climate-related problems that affect animal production in tropical countries have encouraged seeking solutions to increase herd productivity and one alternative is the use of breeds adapted to high-temperature environments. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on 77 caracu and nelore males submitted to three different environments: morning period (8:00 to 10:00 am), afternoon in the sun, and afternoon in a shaded environment (11:00 am to 1:00 pm). the followi ... | 2020 | 32125597 |
| dynamics of the within-herd prevalence of mycoplasma bovis intramammary infection in endemically infected dairy herds. | we aimed to identify the dynamics of the within-herd prevalence of mycoplasma (m.) bovis intramammary infection (imi) in four dairy herds, estimate prevalence of m. bovis in colostrum and clinical mastitis cases and compare m. bovis strains from calves' respiratory and cow clinical mastitis samples. within a six-month study period, cow composite milk samples (cms) were collected three times during routine milk recording, first milking colostrum samples from all calving cows and udder quarter mil ... | 2020 | 32122612 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy herds of china. | to determine the nationwide prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in china, 92 dairy farms with more than 500 animals in 19 provinces of china were surveyed in 2017. at each farm, ear notch samples from calves less than six months old and bulk tank milk (btm) samples were collected. a total of 901 ear notch samples and 329 btm samples from 183 tanks were sampled. a total of 20 (20/901, 2.22 %) ear notch samples from 10 (10/92, 10.86 %) farms tested positive for b ... | 2020 | 32122580 |
| fatty acid biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of stearoyl-coa desaturase 1 (scd1) in buffalo milk. | buffalo milk is considered as a highly nutritious food owing to its higher contents of fatty acids (fa) and rich nutrient profile. higher fat contents of buffalo milk make it suitable for processing to develop various healthy and nutritious products. moreover, buffalo milk contains more unsaturated fas (ufa) such as oleic and linolenic acid, which are important from the human health point of view owing to their desirable physiological effects. however, inadequate information is available about t ... | 2020 | 32122301 |
| welfare assessment of dairy cows in small farms in bangladesh. | protocols for assessing the welfare of dairy cows in large scale intensive dairy systems in the developed world have been used extensively. little attention has been paid to the use of similar welfare assessment protocols for small dairy enterprises in developing countries. we modified part of the standard assessment protocol and used it to assess aspects of the welfare of dairy cows in a field survey of 70 small farms in the sirajgonj district of bangladesh. welfare indicators selected were mai ... | 2020 | 32121116 |
| associations between circulating levels of natural antibodies, total serum immunoglobulins, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in early postpartum dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to investigate the associations between natural antibodies (nabs) and total serum immunoglobulins (igs) concentrations (both from igg and igm isotypes), with variables of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) function of dairy cows in the early postpartum period. seventy-five healthy postpartum dairy cows at 2 ± 1 days in milk were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. natural and total antibodies in serum samples were measured by elisa. flow cytometry was used to det ... | 2020 | 32120071 |
| characterization of dairy cow rumen bacterial and archaeal communities associated with grass silage and maize silage based diets. | the objective of the present study was to characterize the rumen bacterial and archaeal communities in dairy cows fed different ratios of maize silage (ms) and grass silage (gs), and place the findings in the context of ruminal fermentation as well as previously reported methane (ch4) emissions. rumen fluid from 12 rumen cannulated dairy cows was collected after 10 and 17 days of feeding one of four diets, all of which had the same roughage to concentrate ratio of 80:20 based on dry matter (dm). ... | 2020 | 32119709 |
| genomic regions associated with skeletal type traits in beef and dairy cattle are common to regions associated with carcass traits, feed intake and calving difficulty. | linear type traits describing the skeletal characteristics of an animal are moderately to strongly genetically correlated with a range of other performance traits in cattle including feed intake, reproduction traits and carcass merit; thus, type traits could also provide useful insights into the morphological differences among animals underpinning phenotypic differences in these complex traits. the objective of the present study was to identify genomic regions associated with five subjectively s ... | 2020 | 32117439 |
| biomarkers of fitness and welfare in dairy cattle: healthy productivity. | milk production intensification has led to several unwanted aspects, such as sustainability issues and environmental pollution. among these, increased milk outputs that have been achieved over the last 70 years have led to several health and pathophysiological conditions in high yielding dairy animals, including metabolic diseases that were uncommon in the past. increased occurrence of diverse metabolic diseases in cattle and other domestic animals is a key feature of domestication that not only ... | 2020 | 32114995 |
| cooling management effects on dry matter intake, metabolic hormones levels and welfare parameters in dairy cows during heat stress. | this research paper addresses the hypothesis that intensive cooling management during the summer improves the secretion of metabolic hormones in dairy cows. to test this hypothesis, we characterized the effect of different cooling managements on the different ghrelin isoforms and leptin secretion of 20 israeli-holstein dairy cows during 5 weeks during heat stress. the cows were divided into two groups: one was exposed to 5 cooling sessions per day (5 cs) and the other to 8 cooling sessions per d ... | 2020 | 32114989 |
| alterations of the acylcarnitine profiles in blood serum and in muscle from periparturient cows with normal or elevated body condition. | the objective of the current study was to characterize muscle and blood serum acylcarnitine (acylcn) profiles and to determine the mrna abundance of muscle carnitine acyltransferases in periparturient dairy cows with high (hbcs) and normal body condition (nbcs). fifteen weeks antepartum, 38 pregnant multiparous holstein cows were assigned to 2 groups that were fed differently to reach the targeted bcs and backfat thickness (bft) until dry-off at -49 d before calving (hbcs: bcs >3.75 and bft >1.4 ... | 2020 | 32113781 |
| effects of a novel heat-treated protein and carbohydrate supplement on feed consumption, milk production, and cheese yield in early-lactation dairy cows. | protein is an expensive component of the dairy cow diet, and overfeeding protein can have adverse economic and environmental impacts. our objective was to maintain milk production and components while decreasing dietary crude protein (cp) through use of a heat-treated, rumen-resistant sugar amino acid complex (saac) as the schiff base, as an addition to low-protein diets. dietary treatments included a negative control [nc, 146 g of cp/kg of dry matter (dm)], a positive control (pc, 163 g of cp/k ... | 2020 | 32113775 |
| genetic and genomic analysis of long insemination interval in israeli dairy cattle as an indicator of early abortions. | one of the causes of observed low fertility is embryo loss after fertilization. previous findings suggested that more than half of fertilizations result in embryo loss before pregnancy is detected. we proposed reinsemination between 49 and 100 d after the first insemination as an indicator trait for early abortion (ea) in dairy cattle based on the mean estrus interval of 21 d. this trait was compared with conception rate from first insemination and conception status, computed as the inverse of t ... | 2020 | 32113774 |
| short communication: evaluation of a foot dirtiness scoring system for dairy cows. | lameness in dairy cattle is an important health and welfare concern directly affecting the economic benefits of farmers. although foot dirtiness is a recognized risk factor for diseases inducing lameness, there is a lack of scoring systems that focus specifically on the foot. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a 3-point dirtiness scoring system recently conceived for the assessment of the dirtiness present at the lower legs and claws of dairy cows. the scores of ... | 2020 | 32113771 |
| effects of anionic supplement source in prepartum negative dietary cation-anion difference diets on serum calcium, feed intake, and lactational performance of multiparous dairy cows. | incidence of subclinical hypocalcemia in early postpartum dairy cows continues to be an animal welfare concern and an economic burden for producers. feeding prepartum negative dietary cation-anion difference (dcad) diets produces metabolic acidosis, which supports mobilization of bone calcium and reduces the incidence of hypocalcemia. achieving a sufficient degree of metabolic acidosis without reducing dry matter intake (dmi) can be difficult. this study compared the ability of meganion (ma; ori ... | 2020 | 32113769 |
| relationship between energy balance and metabolic profiles in plasma and milk of dairy cows in early lactation. | negative energy balance in dairy cows in early lactation is related to alteration of metabolic status. however, the relationships among energy balance, metabolic profile in plasma, and metabolic profile in milk have not been reported. in this study our aims were: (1) to reveal the metabolic profiles of plasma and milk by integrating results from nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) with data from liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (lc-ms); and (2) to investigate the relationsh ... | 2020 | 32113768 |
| feeding diets varying in forage proportion and particle length to lactating dairy cows: ii. effects on duodenal flows and intestinal digestibility of amino acids. | a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of forage-to-concentrate (f:c) ratio and forage particle length (fpl) on intake, duodenal flow, and digestibility of individual aa in the intestine of lactating dairy cows. the experiment was designed as a 4 × 4 latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments using 4 lactating dairy cows (parity 2) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas. low (35:65) and high (60:40) f:c ratios (dry matter basis) were combined with 2 fpl of alfalfa silage (s ... | 2020 | 32113766 |
| effects of simulated quarter and udder teat cup removal settings on strip milk and milking duration in dairy cows. | the aim of this study was to estimate the amount of milk left in quarters and udders and the milking duration for a variety of teat cup removal strategies. a combination of empirical data and simulated quarter and udder teat cup removal settings were used to make these estimates. milking duration is an important factor in both automatic and conventional milking systems because it directly influences milking efficiency and hence can affect farm profitability. strategies investigated in the litera ... | 2020 | 32113765 |
| short communication: investigation of the temporal relationships between milk mid-infrared predicted biomarkers and lameness events in later lactation. | this study reports on the exploration of temporal relationships between milk mid-infrared predicted biomarkers and lameness events. lameness in dairy cows is an issue that can vary greatly in severity and is of concern for both producers and consumers. metabolic disorders are often associated with lameness. however, lameness can arise weeks or even months after the metabolic disorder, making the detection of causality difficult. we already use mid-infrared technology to predict major milk compon ... | 2020 | 32113764 |
| sire selection and genetic improvement of dairy cattle assuming pure market competition. | breeding companies and farmers rely on selection indices to identify sires they expect to improve production system profitability. such indices combine estimates of genetic merit for individual traits with corresponding economic values that are fixed based on circumstances at a particular time. perfect market competition has also been proposed as an economic basis to value alternative sires. the objective of this study was to propose an economic model and develop it for the evaluation of dairy s ... | 2020 | 32113763 |
| body weight of dairy heifers is positively associated with reproduction and stayability. | this study investigated the relationships between body weight (bw) and stayability, and bw and calving pattern, of 189,936 new zealand dairy heifers. heifers were classified into 5 breed groups: holstein-friesian (f), holstein-friesian crossbred (fx), jersey (j), jersey crossbred (jx), and holstein-friesian × jersey crossbred (fj). body weight was predicted using legendre polynomials at 6, 12, and 15 mo of age, and we analyzed their relationships with stayability, calving rate, and re-calving ra ... | 2020 | 32113762 |
| comparison of antibody repertories against staphylococcus aureus in healthy and infected dairy cows with a distinct mastitis history and vaccinated with a polyvalent mastitis vaccine. | staphylococcus aureus is one of the pathogens most frequently isolated from cases of mastitis worldwide. to decrease the effect of s. aureus mastitis in dairy farming, alternative strategies for controlling mastitis are needed that depend on a better knowledge of cow-to-cow variations in s. aureus antibody production. the present study sought to explore the diversity of s. aureus antibodies produced by dairy cows with a distinct mastitis history and vaccinated with a polyvalent mastitis vaccine. ... | 2020 | 32113759 |
| precision feed restriction improves feed and milk efficiencies and reduces methane emissions of less efficient lactating holstein cows without impairing their performance. | a possible driver of feed inefficiency in dairy cows is overconsumption. the objective was therefore to test precision feed restriction as a lever to improve feed efficiency of the least efficient lactating dairy cows. an initial cohort of 68 holstein lactating cows was monitored from calving to end of ad libitum feeding at 196 ± 16 d in milk, with the last 70 d being used to estimate feed efficiency. for a given expected dry matter (dm) intake (dmi) during ad libitum feeding, offered dmi during ... | 2020 | 32113758 |
| short communication: virulence profiles of staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank milk and adherences on milking equipment on chilean dairy farms. | staphylococcus aureus is an important intramammary pathogen for dairy cows that also is remarkably important for public health. multiple virulence factors can be involved simultaneously during the pathogenesis of a staphylococcal disease, including adhesion proteins, extracellular enzymes, and toxins. the main objective of this study was to assess virulence factors that are associated with cow intramammary infection (imi) and of human health concern among staph. aureus isolates obtained from bul ... | 2020 | 32113752 |
| technical note: extrapolation of hepatic glycogen concentration of the whole organ by performing a liver biopsy. | glycogen, a complex polysaccharide, is the form of storage of glucose in mammals that can be released rapidly when needed. recent studies have mainly reported hepatic glycogen concentration for early-lactating cows, when the energy demand is higher than the energy supply from dry matter intake, driving the cow to use the energy stored as hepatic glycogen. generally, liver samples are obtained through percutaneous needle biopsies in the right lobe of the liver. our objective was to analyze the va ... | 2020 | 32113751 |
| genetic parameters for milk yield in imported jersey and jersey-friesian cows using daily milk records in sri lanka. | this study was conducted to estimate genetic parameters for milk yield traits using daily milk yield records from parlour data generated in an intensively managed commercial dairy farm with jersey and jersey-friesian cows in sri lanka. | 2020 | 32106654 |
| association of udp-galactose-4-epimerase with milk protein concentration in the chinese holstein population. | an initial rna-sequencing study revealed that udp-galactose-4-epimerase (gale) was one of the most promising candidates for milk protein concentration in chinese holstein cattle. this enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of udp-galactose and udp-glucose, an important step in galactose catabolism. to further validate the genetic effect of gale on milk protein traits, genetic variations were identified, and genotypes-phenotypes associations were performed. | 2020 | 32106650 |
| effects of ruminal administration of soy sauce oil on functional fatty acids in the rumen, blood and milk of dairy cows. | soy sauce oil, a byproduct of whole soybean processing by the soy sauce industry, was evaluated as a source of linoleic acid for dairy cows for the purpose of manipulating the composition of milk. | 2020 | 32106647 |
| use of condensed molasses fermentation solubles as an alternative source of concentrates in dairy cows. | the purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of condensed molasses fermentation solubles (cms) on lactation performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and serum parameters of dairy cows. | 2020 | 32106645 |
| on-farm net benefit of genotyping candidate female replacement cattle and sheep. | the net benefit from investing in any technology is a function of the cost of implementation and the expected return in revenue. the objective of the present study was to quantify, using deterministic equations, the net monetary benefit from investing in genotyping of commercial females. three case studies were presented reflecting dairy cows, beef cows and ewes based on irish population parameters; sensitivity analyses were also performed. parameters considered in the sensitivity analyses inclu ... | 2020 | 32103786 |
| rumen-protected glucose stimulates the insulin-like growth factor system and mtor/akt pathway in the endometrium of early postpartum dairy cows. | this study aimed to elucidate the effects of a dietary rumen-protected glucose (rpg) addition on uterine involution through the analysis of an insulin-like growth factor (igf) system and associated pathways in the post-natal endometrium. twelve holstein cows were assigned equally to two groups: a control group (ct) and an rpg group (200 g of rpg per cow per day). the plasma content of insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1) was determined by using the elisa method. expressions of igf members, the ma ... | 2020 | 32102173 |
| changes in ionized calcium concentration in the blood of dairy cows with peracute coliform mastitis. | we determined the clinical signs and blood ionized calcium (ica) levels in dairy cows with peracute coliform mastitis (pcm). the clinical scores at the onset of the disease (day 0) and on day 2 and subsequent days were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those of healthy cows. we found a positive correlation (r=0.894, p<0.01) between ica and total calcium (tca) concentrations in the blood of healthy cows ; however there was no correlation from day 0 to day 3 in the blood of pcm cows. multiple reg ... | 2020 | 32101824 |
| correction: evaluating the impact of meloxicam oral suspension administered at parturition on subsequent production, health, and culling in dairy cows: a randomized clinical field trial. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209236.]. | 2020 | 32101595 |
| molly reborn in c++ and r. | the dairy cow model 'molly' is a mixed discrete event-continuous system model that simulates feeding, metabolism and lactation of dairy cows. decades of model development have resulted in a valuable tool in dairy science. due to the deprecation of the acsl (advanced continuous simulation language) programming language, molly has been translated into c++. this paper describes the translation process and discusses the advantages of the new implementation, one of which is the ability to run molly w ... | 2020 | 32100671 |
| the potential interaction between body condition score at calving and dietary starch content on productive and reproductive performance of early-lactating dairy cows. | improving reproductive performance is one of the most important factors affecting the profitability of dairy herds. this study investigated the effect of feeding a high starch (hs) diet and body condition score (bcs) at calving on blood metabolites, fertility and ovarian function and milk production in holstein dairy cows. one hundred seventy-four multiparous cows were fed common close-up and early lactation diets during the first 15 days in milk (dim). cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 expe ... | 2020 | 32100665 |
| physical exercise prepartum to support metabolic adaptation in the transition period of dairy cattle: a proof of concept. | in dairy cattle, the hormonal changes around calving induce large metabolic changes to support milk production. mobilization of adipose reserves is one of the changes involved, imposing a metabolic load on the liver. we hypothesized that the risk for excessive lipolysis and hepatic lipidosis postpartum can be reduced by starting fat mobilization and processing during the prepartum period by physical exercise, especially in cows with a high body condition score (bcs). as a proof of concept, 32 pr ... | 2020 | 32100380 |
| assessing selection signatures within and between selected lines of dual-purpose black and white and german holstein cattle. | the aim of this study was to detect selection signatures considering cows from the german holstein (gh) and the local dual-purpose black and white (dsn) population, as well as from generated sub-populations. the 4654 gh and 261 dsn cows were genotyped with the bovinesnp50 genotyping beadchip. the geographical herd location was used as an environmental descriptor to create the east-dsn and west-dsn sub-populations. in addition, two further sub-populations of gh cows were generated, using the extr ... | 2020 | 32100321 |
| natural selection supports escape from concerted evolution of a recently duplicated ceacam1 paralog in the ruminant cea gene family. | concerted evolution is often observed in multigene families such as the cea gene family. as a result, sequence similarity of paralogous genes is significantly higher than expected from their evolutionary distance. gene conversion, a "copy paste" dna repair mechanism that transfers sequences from one gene to another and homologous recombination are drivers of concerted evolution. nevertheless, some gene family members escape concerted evolution and acquire sufficient sequence differences that ort ... | 2020 | 32099040 |
| evaluation of the physical properties of bedding materials for dairy cattle using fuzzy clustering analysis. | the bedding materials used in dairy cow housing systems are extremely important for animal welfare and performance. a wide range of materials can be used as bedding for dairy cattle, but their physical properties must be analysed to evaluate their potential. in the present study, the physical properties of various bedding materials for dairy cattle were investigated, and different fuzzy clustering algorithms were employed to cluster these materials based on their physical properties. a total of ... | 2020 | 32098358 |
| rna sequencing (rna-seq) based transcriptome analysis in immune response of holstein cattle to killed vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus type i. | immune response of 107 vaccinated holstein cattle was initially obtained prior to the elisa test. five cattle with high and low bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type i antibody were identified as the final experimental animals. blood samples from these animals were then utilized to determine significant differentially expressed genes (degs) using the rna-seq transcriptome analysis and enrichment analysis. our analysis identified 261 degs in cattle identified as experimental animals. functional ... | 2020 | 32098229 |
| tlr2 signaling pathway combats streptococcus uberis infection by inducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. | mastitis caused by streptococcus uberis (s. uberis) is a common and difficult-to-cure clinical disease in dairy cows. in this study, the role of toll-like receptors (tlrs) and tlr-mediated signaling pathways in mastitis caused by s. uberis was investigated using mouse models and mammary epithelial cells (mecs). we used s. uberis to infect mammary glands of wild type, tlr2-/- and tlr4-/- mice and quantified the adaptor molecules in tlr signaling pathways, proinflammatory cytokines, tissue damage, ... | 2020 | 32098158 |
| effects of a dietary l-carnitine supplementation on performance, energy metabolism and recovery from calving in dairy cows. | dairy cows are metabolically challenged during the transition period. furthermore, the process of parturition represents an energy-consuming process. the degree of negative energy balance and recovery from calving also depends on the efficiency of mitochondrial energy generation. at this point, l-carnitine plays an important role for the transfer of fatty acids to the site of their mitochondrial utilisation. a control (n = 30) and an l-carnitine group (n = 29, 25 g rumen-protected l-carnitine pe ... | 2020 | 32098123 |
| field survey to evaluate space allowances for dairy cows in great britain. | housing conditions can affect health of cows by increasing exposure to biological, chemical, and physical hazards, resulting in increased disease. a report in 2014 indicated that 99% of uk dairy cows are housed during winter months and that an increasing number of farms are committing to year-round indoor-housing management systems. current literature does not provide a clear understanding of the relationship between cow health, welfare, and production, and the housing environment. loafing space ... | 2020 | 32008789 |
| different distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence profiles of staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical mastitis in six countries. | staphylococcus aureus is recognized worldwide as one of the main contagious mastitis agents in cattle and can express a set of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence-associated genes that explain the wide range of outcomes of intramammary infections. staphylococcus aureus strains are heterogeneous: their different resistance and virulence patterns, associated with host-level factors and treatment factors, are related to the severity of infection. the aim of this study was to determine phen ... | 2020 | 32008788 |
| milk coagulation traits and cheese yields of purebred holsteins and 4 generations of 3-breed rotational crossbred cows from viking red, montbéliarde, and holstein bulls. | crossbreeding is a strategy to counter the declining fertility, resilience, and longevity of purebred holstein (ho) cows. however, little is known of the effects of long-term systematic rotational crossbreeding on milk technological properties and cheese yield (cy). in this study, we compared the individual milk composition, milk coagulation properties (mcp), and cy of 468 purebred ho and 648 crossbred (cr) cows obtained from two 3-breed rotational crossbreeding systems using viking red (vr), mo ... | 2020 | 32008786 |
| performance and feeding behavior of dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets containing steam-flaked or ground corn varying in particle size. | steam-flaked corn (sfc) and ground corn (gc) of different particle sizes were evaluated for their effects on dry matter intake (dmi), milk yield and components, chewing activity, ration sorting, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility in lactating dairy cows. eight multiparous holstein cows in mid-lactation (46.6 ± 3.5 kg/d milk production and 101 ± 10 d in milk) were used in a double 4 × 4 latin square design with 21-d periods. cows were fed diets (dry matter basis) containing 36.2% forage (alf ... | 2020 | 32008785 |
| us respondents' willingness to pay for cheddar cheese from dairy cattle with different pasture access, antibiotic use, and dehorning practices. | cheese is a widely consumed product in american diets and an important economic driver of us dairy markets. given the widespread interest in credence attributes of fluid dairy products, the lack of knowledge of demand for animal welfare, environmental, and other credence attributes in cheeses is surprising. increasing attention surrounding dairy cattle welfare has been placed on the disbudding or dehorning of dairy cattle, in addition to the longer term debates surrounding pasture access and ant ... | 2020 | 32008783 |
| a randomized trial to study the effect of automatic cluster remover settings on milking performance, teat condition, and udder health. | the objectives were to study the effect of 2 different automatic cluster remover settings on (1) milking characteristics, (2) milk component yields, (3) teat tissue condition, and (4) udder health. in a randomized controlled field trial, holstein cows (n = 689) from 1 commercial dairy farm with a thrice-daily milking schedule were allocated to 2 treatment groups. treatment consisted of a cluster remover take-off milk flow threshold of 1.2 (acr1.2) or 0.8 kg/min (acr0.8) for 57 d. milking charact ... | 2020 | 32008782 |
| hot weather increases competition between dairy cows at the drinker. | heat-stressed dairy cows on pasture will compete for resources that aid cooling, but it is not known how heat stress affects the competition for water by indoor-housed cows. the aim of this observational study was to evaluate how heat stress affects the behavior of indoor-housed cows at the drinker at both group and cow levels. for 3 wk after calving, cows were housed in a dynamic group of 20 animals in a pen with 12 electronic feed bins, 2 electronic water bins, and 24 freestalls. a total of 69 ... | 2020 | 32008780 |
| effect of outdoor open pack space allowance on the behavior of freestall-housed dairy cows. | providing dairy cows access to pasture is desirable, given their strong motivation for pasture access, but this practice is hindered by several practical constraints, including lack of available pasture. an alternative to pasture is an outdoor area that is bedded with a soft material such as sand or wood chips that requires less space than pasture, given the absence of soil or grass that can otherwise be damaged by cow traffic. however, little is known about space requirements for alternative ou ... | 2020 | 32008778 |
| prevalence and characterization of staphylococcus aureus isolates from subclinical bovine mastitis in southern xinjiang, china. | staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens causing mastitis in dairy herds. the colonization of dairy cows and subsequent contamination of raw milk by s. aureus, especially strains exhibiting multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming and toxin-producing abilities, remains an important issue for both dairy farmers and public health. in this study, we investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation, and genetic diversity of s. aureus from subclinical bovine mas ... | 2020 | 32008777 |
| body condition and insulin resistance interactions with periparturient gene expression in adipose tissue and lipid metabolism in dairy cows. | adipose tissue plays an important role in a cow's ability to adapt to the metabolic demands of lactation, because of its central involvement in energy metabolism and immunity. high adiposity and adipose tissue resistance to insulin are associated with excessive lipid mobilization. we hypothesized that the response to a glucose challenge differs between cows of different body condition 21 d before and after calving and that the responses are explainable by gene expression in subcutaneous adipose ... | 2020 | 32008773 |
| symposium review: nutrition strategies for improved health, production, and fertility during the transition period. | dairy cow nutritional programs are a major determinant of the profitability of dairy farms. despite this, the sustainability of the dairy enterprise is beyond just cow nutrition. for almost 50 yr, the nc-2042 project (management systems to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of dairy enterprises) has been addressing most of these components as individual research units and in integrated ways. this review has the objective to report the body of research developed by members of t ... | 2020 | 32008772 |
| metabolome profiling in skeletal muscle to characterize metabolic alterations in over-conditioned cows during the periparturient period. | the transition from late gestation to early lactation is associated with extensive changes in metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions in dairy cows. skeletal muscle plays an important role in maintaining the homeorhetic adaptation to the metabolic needs of lactation. the objective of this study was to characterize the skeletal muscle metabolome in the context of the metabolic changes that occur during the transition period in dairy cows with high (hbcs) versus normal body condition (nbcs). fi ... | 2020 | 32008771 |
| on-farm use of a water hardness test kit to assess total blood calcium level in dairy cattle. | in this research communication we report the measurement of total blood calcium concentration with a water hardness test kit (whtk) in dairy cattle and compare the results to a reference method. the study was carried out on 107 holstein friesian cows from three commercial dairy farms in sardinia (italy). blood samples were collected ≤7 d from calving and total serum calcium concentration was determined using a biochemical analyzer and a whtk. the relationship between the laboratory results and t ... | 2020 | 32008593 |
| abomasally infused sfa with varying chain length differently affect milk production and composition and alter hepatic and mammary gene expression in lactating cows. | the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of post-ruminally infused fat supplements, varying in fatty acid (fa) chain length, on animal performance, metabolism and milk fa. eleven multiparous holstein dairy cows were used in a replicated incomplete 3 × 3 latin square design with 7-d periods, separated by 7-d washouts. treatments were administered as abomasal infusions of enrichments providing 280 g/d of fa: (1) palmitic acid (98·4 % 16 : 0; pa), (2) caprylic and capric acids (56·2 ... | 2020 | 32008585 |
| short-term testicular warming under anesthesia causes similar increases in testicular blood flow in bos taurus versus bos indicus bulls, but no apparent hypoxia. | bull testes must be 4-5 °c below body temperature, with testicular warming more likely to cause poor-quality sperm in bos taurus (european/british) versus bos indicus (indian/zebu) bulls. despite a long-standing dogma that testicular hyperthermia causes hypoxia, we reported that increasing testicular temperature in bulls and rams enhanced testicular blood flow and o2 delivery/uptake, without hypoxia. our objective was to determine effects of short-term testicular hyperthermia on testicular blood ... | 2020 | 32007637 |
| prevalence and characterisation of methicillin-resistant staphylococci from bovine bulk tank milk in england and wales. | to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of methicillin-resistant staphylococci on dairy farms in england and wales including zoonotic mrsa. | 2020 | 32006753 |