Publications

structure and function of the reduced folate carrier a paradigm of a major facilitator superfamily mammalian nutrient transporter.	folates are essential for life and folate deficiency contributes to a host of health problems including cardiovascular disease, fetal abnormalities, neurological disorders, and cancer. antifolates, represented by methotrexate, continue to occupy a unique niche among the modern day pharmacopoeia for cancer along with other pathological conditions. this article focuses on the biology of the membrane transport system termed the "reduced folate carrier" or rfc with a particular emphasis on rfc struc ...	0	18804694
phosida (phosphorylation site database): management, structural and evolutionary investigation, and prediction of phosphosites.	phosida http://www.phosida.com, a phosphorylation site database, integrates thousands of high-confidence in vivo phosphosites identified by mass spectrometry-based proteomics in various species. for each phosphosite, phosida lists matching kinase motifs, predicted secondary structures, conservation patterns, and its dynamic regulation upon stimulus. using support vector machines, phosida also predicts phosphosites.	0	18039369
hepatitis e virus in yellow cattle, shandong, eastern china.		0	27869603
schmallenberg virus in zoo ruminants, france and the netherlands.		0	27869605
aquaporins in ovine amnion: responses to altered amniotic fluid volumes and intramembranous absorption rates.	aquaporins (aqps) are transmembrane channel proteins that facilitate rapid water movement across cell membranes. in amniotic membrane, the aqp-facilitated transfer of water across amnion cells has been proposed as a mechanism for amniotic fluid volume (afv) regulation. to investigate whether aqps modulate afv by altering intramembranous absorption (ima) rate, we tested the hypothesis that aqp gene expression in the amnion is positively correlated with ima rate during experimental conditions when ...	0	27440743
mastitomics, the integrated omics of bovine milk in an experimental model of streptococcus uberis mastitis: 1. high abundance proteins, acute phase proteins and peptidomics.	a peptidomic investigation of milk from an experimental model of streptococcus uberis mastitis in dairy cows has incorporated a study of milk high abundance and acute phase (app) proteins as well as analysis of low molecular weight peptide biomarkers. intramammary infection (imi) with s. uberis caused a shift in abundance from caseins, β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin to albumin, lactoferrin and igg with the increase in lactoferrin occurring last. the app response of haptoglobin, mammary associ ...	0	27412456
mastitomics, the integrated omics of bovine milk in an experimental model of streptococcus uberis mastitis: 2. label-free relative quantitative proteomics.	mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most common and costly disease of dairy cattle in the western world. it is primarily caused by bacteria, with streptococcus uberis as one of the most prevalent causative agents. to characterize the proteome during streptococcus uberis mastitis, an experimentally induced model of intramammary infection was used. milk whey samples obtained from 6 cows at 6 time points were processed using label-free relative quantitative proteomics. this proteomi ...	0	27412694
bi-allelic mutations in klhl7 cause a crisponi/ciss1-like phenotype associated with early-onset retinitis pigmentosa.	crisponi syndrome (cs)/cold-induced sweating syndrome type 1 (ciss1) is a very rare autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by a complex phenotype with high neonatal lethality, associated with the following main clinical features: hyperthermia and feeding difficulties in the neonatal period, scoliosis, and paradoxical sweating induced by cold since early childhood. cs/ciss1 can be caused by mutations in cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (crlf1). however, the physiopathological role of crlf1 is ...	0	27392078
screening the partial coding region of metallothionein isoform-2 gene in zebu cattle.	metallothionein (mt) is important because it binds tightly to heavy metals to decrease their toxicity. dna was isolated from 30 toxic metal exposed and 30 toxic metal unexposed zebu cows. the amplified metallothionein isoform-2 (mt-2) pcr product (489 bp) was further used for pcr-rflp and dna sequencing. mt-2 taqi pcr-rflp revealed homozygous genotype (aa) except for the e23 animal (ab). the genotype frequency of aa and ab (e23) genotypes in the exposed groups was 0.967 and 0.033 respectively. d ...	0	27822243
extracellular chloride signals collagen iv network assembly during basement membrane formation.	basement membranes are defining features of the cellular microenvironment; however, little is known regarding their assembly outside cells. we report that extracellular cl(-) ions signal the assembly of collagen iv networks outside cells by triggering a conformational switch within collagen iv noncollagenous 1 (nc1) domains. depletion of cl(-) in cell culture perturbed collagen iv networks, disrupted matrix architecture, and repositioned basement membrane proteins. phylogenetic evidence indicate ...	0	27216258
the toxic effects and possible mechanisms of bisphenol a on oocyte maturation of porcine in vitro.	bisphenol a (bpa) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp) are widely used in the plastic industry such as water bottles, containers, packaging and toys. bpa and dehp are shown to be the endocrine disruptors which disturb the endocrine system and are linked to several diseases including infertility. in this study, we investigated the effects of bpa exposure on porcine oocyte maturation and its possible reasons. our results showed that: (i) the rates of oocyte maturation significantly decreased wit ...	0	27086915
mutations in the 5' utr of ankrd26, the ankirin repeat domain 26 gene, cause an autosomal-dominant form of inherited thrombocytopenia, thc2.	thc2, an autosomal-dominant thrombocytopenia described so far in only two families, has been ascribed to mutations in mastl or acbd5. here, we show that ankrd26, another gene within the thc2 locus, and neither mastl nor acbd5, is mutated in eight unrelated families. ankrd26 was also found to be mutated in the family previously reported to have an acbd5 mutation. we identified six different ankrd26 mutations, which were clustered in a highly conserved 19 bp sequence located in the 5' untranslated ...	0	21211618
distribution of lameness lesions in beef cattle: a retrospective analysis of 745 cases.	the objective of this retrospective study was to characterize the relative prevalence of diagnoses and location of lameness lesions in beef cattle. medical records from 2005 to 2012 were reviewed and 745 cases of beef cattle that had presented for lameness were identified. information regarding signalment, lesion location, and cause of lameness was analyzed. the cause of lameness was localized to the foot in approximately 85% of cases; a hind limb was affected over 70% of the time. the lateral c ...	0	27041758
detecting positive selection within genomes: the problem of biased gene conversion.	the identification of loci influenced by positive selection is a major goal of evolutionary genetics. a popular approach is to perform scans of alignments on a genome-wide scale in order to find regions evolving at accelerated rates on a particular branch of a phylogenetic tree. however, positive selection is not the only process that can lead to accelerated evolution. notably, gc-biased gene conversion (gbgc) is a recombination-associated process that results in the biased fixation of g and c n ...	0	20643747
comparison analysis of primary ligand-binding sites in seven-helix membrane proteins.	seven-helix transmembrane proteins, including the g-protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs), mediate a broad range of fundamental cellular activities through binding to a wide range of ligands. understanding the structural basis for the ligand-binding selectivity of these proteins is of significance to their structure-based drug design. comparison analysis of proteins' ligand-binding sites provides a useful way to study their structure-activity relationships. various computational methods have been de ...	0	20672377
two novel mutations of the mybpc3 gene identified in chinese families with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hcm) is one of the most common genetic cardiovascular disorders. mutations in the mybpc3 gene are one of the most frequent genetic causes of hcm.	0	21165360
evolutionary change in agriculture: the past, present and future.		0	25567934
cgmp-dependent protein kinases and cgmp phosphodiesterases in nitric oxide and cgmp action.	to date, studies suggest that biological signaling by nitric oxide (no) is primarily mediated by cgmp, which is synthesized by no-activated guanylyl cyclases and broken down by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (pdes). effects of cgmp occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cgmp-dependent protein kinases (pkgs), cgmp-gated cation channels, and pdes. cgmp binding activates pkg, which phosphorylates serines and threonines on many cellular proteins, frequently resulting in changes i ...	0	20716671
using exome sequencing to reveal mutations in trem2 presenting as a frontotemporal dementia-like syndrome without bone involvement.	to identify new genes and risk factors associated with frontotemporal dementia (ftd). several genes and loci have been associated with different forms of ftd, but a large number of families with dementia do not harbor mutations in these genes.	0	23318515
regulation of dlk-1 kinase activity by calcium-mediated dissociation from an inhibitory isoform.	mapkkk dual leucine zipper-bearing kinases (dlks) are regulators of synaptic development and axon regeneration. the mechanisms underlying their activation are not fully understood. here, we show that c. elegans dlk-1 is activated by a ca(2+)-dependent switch from inactive heteromeric to active homomeric protein complexes. we identify a dlk-1 isoform, dlk-1s, that shares identical kinase and leucine zipper domains with the previously described long isoform dlk-1l but acts to inhibit dlk-1 functio ...	0	23141066
vertebrate paralogous conserved noncoding sequences may be related to gene expressions in brain.	vertebrate genomes include gene regulatory elements in protein-noncoding regions. a part of gene regulatory elements are expected to be conserved according to their functional importance, so that evolutionarily conserved noncoding sequences (cnss) might be good candidates for those elements. in addition, paralogous cnss, which are highly conserved among both orthologous loci and paralogous loci, have the possibility of controlling overlapping expression patterns of their adjacent paralogous prot ...	0	23267051
low diversity in the mitogenome of sperm whales revealed by next-generation sequencing.	large population sizes and global distributions generally associate with high mitochondrial dna control region (cr) diversity. the sperm whale (physeter macrocephalus) is an exception, showing low cr diversity relative to other cetaceans; however, diversity levels throughout the remainder of the sperm whale mitogenome are unknown. we sequenced 20 mitogenomes from 17 sperm whales representative of worldwide diversity using next generation sequencing (ngs) technologies (illumina gaiix, roche 454 g ...	0	23254394
full genome sequences of all nine chlamydia psittaci genotype reference strains.	chlamydia psittaci primarily infects birds, but zoonotic transmission occurs in people in close contact with infected birds. the clinical outcome ranges from inapparent disease to pneumonia. here we report the genome sequences of all 9 chlamydia psittaci genotype reference strains.	0	23209198
evaluation of bta1 and bta5 qtl regions for growth and carcass traits in american and korean cattle.	previously identified qtl regions on bta1 and bta5 were investigated to validate the qtl regions and to identify candidate genes for growth and carcass traits in commercial cattle populations from the usa and korea. initially, a total of 8 polymorphic microsatellite (ms) markers in the bta1 and 5 qtl regions were used for chi-square tests to compare the frequencies of individual alleles between high and low phenotypic groups for the us (michigan cattleman's association/michigan state university; ...	0	25049512
genome sequence of oscillibacter ruminantium strain gh1, isolated from rumen of korean native cattle.	oscillibacter ruminantium strain gh1 was isolated from the rumen of korean native cattle (hanwoo; bos taurus coreanae). here, we present the 3.07-mb draft genome of this strain, which could reveal the presence of certain fiber-specific glycoside hydrolases and butyric acid-producing genes.	0	23105088
novel epitopes identified by anti-prp monoclonal antibodies produced following immunization of prnp0/0 balb/cj mice with purified scrapie prions.	prions, or infectious proteins, cause a class of uniformly fatal neurodegenerative diseases. prions are composed solely of an aberrantly folded isoform (prp(sc)) of a normal cellular protein (prp(c)). shared sequence identity of prp(sc) with prp(c) has limited the detection sensitivity of immunochemical assays, as antibodies specific for the disease-causing prp(sc) isoform have not been developed. here we report the generation of three new monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to prp, which were isolated ...	0	23098297
structural basis for microtubule binding and release by dynein.	cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule-based motor required for intracellular transport and cell division. its movement involves coupling cycles of track binding and release with cycles of force-generating nucleotide hydrolysis. how this is accomplished given the ~25 nanometers separating dynein's track- and nucleotide-binding sites is not understood. here, we present a subnanometer-resolution structure of dynein's microtubule-binding domain bound to microtubules by cryo-electron microscopy that wa ...	0	22997337
effects of stocking density or group size on intake, growth, and meat quality of hanwoo steers (bos taurus coreanae).	this study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density or group size on feed intake, daily gain, and carcass characteristics of hanwoo (korean indigenous breed) steers reared from 7 months to 31 months of age. thirty hanwoo steers were divided into four groups with three replicates each (a total of 12 pens). in each group, one (g1), two (g2), three (g3), and four steers (g4) per pen were allocated as treatments. pen size was 32.0 m(2), and therefore hanwoo steers in g1, g2, g3, ...	0	25049516
reliance: a machine learning and literature-based prioritization of receptor--ligand pairings.	the prediction of receptor-ligand pairings is an important area of research as intercellular communications are mediated by the successful interaction of these key proteins. as the exhaustive assaying of receptor-ligand pairs is impractical, a computational approach to predict pairings is necessary. we propose a workflow to carry out this interaction prediction task, using a text mining approach in conjunction with a state of the art prediction method, as well as a widely accessible and comprehe ...	0	22962483
mutational properties of amino acid residues: implications for evolvability of phosphorylatable residues.	as françois jacob pointed out over 30 years ago, evolution is a tinkering process, and, as such, relies on the genetic diversity produced by mutation subsequently shaped by darwinian selection. however, there is one implicit assumption that is made when studying this tinkering process; it is typically assumed that all amino acid residues are equally likely to mutate or to result from a mutation. here, by reconstructing ancestral sequences and computing mutational probabilities for all the amino ...	0	22889909
hdac8 mutations in cornelia de lange syndrome affect the cohesin acetylation cycle.	cornelia de lange syndrome (cdls) is a dominantly inherited congenital malformation disorder, caused by mutations in the cohesin-loading protein nipbl for nearly 60% of individuals with classical cdls, and by mutations in the core cohesin components smc1a (~5%) and smc3 (<1%) for a smaller fraction of probands. in humans, the multisubunit complex cohesin is made up of smc1, smc3, rad21 and a stag protein. these form a ring structure that is proposed to encircle sister chromatids to mediate siste ...	0	22885700
effect of population reduction on mtdna diversity and demographic history of korean cattle populations.	the population sizes of three korean indigenous cattle populations have been drastically reduced over the past decades. in this study, we examined the extent to which reduction in populations influenced genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history using complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region sequences. the complete mtdna control region was sequenced in 56 individuals from korean black (kb), jeju black (jeb) and korean brindle (bri) cattle populations. we included 27 ...	0	25049684
determination of genetic diversity among korean hanwoo cattle based on physical characteristics.	this study was conducted to establish genetic criteria for phenotypic characteristics of hanwoo cattle based on allele frequencies and genetic variance analysis using microsatellite markers. analysis of the genetic diversity among 399 hanwoo cattle classified according to nose pigmentation and coat color was carried out using 22 microsatellite markers. the results revealed that the inra035 locus was associated with the highest fis (0.536). given that the fis value for the hanwoo inra035 populati ...	0	25049682
pathogen translocation and histopathological lesions in an experimental model of salmonella dublin infection in calves receiving lactic acid bacteria and lactose supplements.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a lactic acid bacteria (lab) inoculum to protect calves with or without lactose supplements against salmonella dublin infection by evaluating histopathological lesions and pathogen translocation. fifteen calves were divided into three groups [control group (c-g), a group inoculated with lab (lab-g), and a group inoculated with lab and given lactose supplements (l-lab-g)] with five, six, and four animals, respectively. the inoculum, compos ...	0	23000583
caspases: evolutionary aspects of their functions in vertebrates.	caspases (cysteine-dependent aspartyl-specific protease) belong to a family of cysteine proteases that mediate proteolytic events indispensable for biological phenomena such as cell death and inflammation. the first caspase was identified as an executioner of apoptotic cell death in the worm caenorhabditis elegans. additionally, a large number of caspases have been identified in various animals from sponges to vertebrates. caspases are thought to play a pivotal role in apoptosis as an evolutiona ...	0	20735596
progress in elucidating the structural and dynamic character of g protein-coupled receptor oligomers for use in drug discovery.	g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) are the most targeted group of proteins for the development of therapeutic drugs. until the last decade, structural information about this family of membrane proteins was relatively scarce, and their mechanisms of ligand binding and signal transduction were modeled on the assumption that gpcrs existed and functioned as monomeric entities. new crystal structures of native and engineered gpcrs, together with important biochemical and biophysical data that reveal ...	0	20028319
a sweet cycle for arabidopsis g-proteins: recent discoveries and controversies in plant g-protein signal transduction.	heterotrimeric g-proteins are a class of signal transduction proteins highly conserved throughout evolution that serve as dynamic molecular switches regulating the intracellular communication initiated by extracellular signals including sensory information. this property is achieved by a guanine nucleotide cycle wherein the inactive, signaling-incompetent galpha subunit is normally bound to gdp; activation to signaling-competent galpha occurs through the exchange of gdp for gtp (typically cataly ...	0	19513240
network of protein interactions within the drosophila inner kinetochore.	the kinetochore provides a physical connection between microtubules and the centromeric regions of chromosomes that is critical for their equitable segregation. the trimeric mis12 sub-complex of the drosophila kinetochore binds to the mitotic centromere using cenp-c as a platform. however, knowledge of the precise connections between mis12 complex components and cenp-c has remained elusive despite the fundamental importance of this part of the cell division machinery. here, we employ hydrogen-de ...	0	26911623
oxidative stress, lens gap junctions, and cataracts.	the eye lens is constantly subjected to oxidative stress from radiation and other sources. the lens has several mechanisms to protect its components from oxidative stress and to maintain its redox state, including enzymatic pathways and high concentrations of ascorbate and reduced glutathione. with aging, accumulation of oxidized lens components and decreased efficiency of repair mechanisms can contribute to the development of lens opacities or cataracts. maintenance of transparency and homeosta ...	0	18831679
the opossum genome: insights and opportunities from an alternative mammal.	the strategic importance of the genome sequence of the gray, short-tailed opossum, monodelphis domestica, accrues from both the unique phylogenetic position of metatherian (marsupial) mammals and the fundamental biologic characteristics of metatherians that distinguish them from other mammalian species. metatherian and eutherian (placental) mammals are more closely related to one another than to other vertebrate groups, and owing to this close relationship they share fundamentally similar geneti ...	0	18676819
voltage-gated proton channels.	the history of research on voltage-gated proton channels is recounted, from their proposed existence in dinoflagellates by hastings in 1972 and their demonstration in snail neurons by thomas and meech in 1982 to the discovery in 2006 (after a decade of controversy) of genes that unequivocally code for proton channels. voltage-gated proton channels are perfectly selective for protons, conduct deuterons half as well, and the conductance is strongly temperature dependent. these properties are consi ...	0	18463791
alternative parameterizations of relatedness in whole genome association analysis of pre-weaning traits of nelore-angus calves.	gestation length, birth weight, and weaning weight of f2 nelore-angus calves (n = 737) with designed extensive full-sibling and half-sibling relatedness were evaluated for association with 34,957 snp markers. in analyses of birth weight, random relatedness was modeled three ways: 1) none, 2) random animal, pedigree-based relationship matrix, or 3) random animal, genomic relationship matrix. detected birth weight-snp associations were 1,200, 735, and 31 for those parameterizations respectively; e ...	0	25249774
semi-domesticated and irreplaceable genetic resource gayal (bos frontalis) needs effective genetic conservation in bangladesh: a review.	several studies arduously reported that gayal (bos frontalis) is an independent bovine species. the population size is shrinking across its distribution. in bangladesh, it is the only wild relative of domestic cattle and also a less cared animal. their body size is much bigger than bangladeshi native cattle and has prominent beef type characters along with the ability to adjust in any adverse environmental conditions. human interactions and manipulation of biodiversity is affecting the habitats ...	0	25178382
study on growth curves of longissimus dorsi muscle area, backfat thickness and body conformation for hanwoo (korean native) cows.	the objective of this study was to estimate the parameters of gompertz growth curves with the measurements of body conformation, real-time ultrasound longissimus dorsi muscle area (lma) and backfat thickness (bft) in hanwoo cows. the hanwoo cows (n = 3,373) were born in 97 hanwoo commercial farms in the 17 cities or counties of gyeongbuk province, korea, between 2000 and 2007. a total of 5,504 ultrasound measurements were collected for the cows at the age of 13 to 165 months in 2007 and 2008. wi ...	0	25178367
a whole genome association study on meat palatability in hanwoo.	a whole genome association (wga) study was carried out to find quantitative trait loci (qtl) for sensory evaluation traits in hanwoo. carcass samples of 250 hanwoo steers were collected from national agricultural cooperative livestock research institute, ansung, gyeonggi province, korea, between 2011 and 2012 and genotyped with the affymetrix bovine axiom array 640k single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) chip. among the snps in the chip, a total of 322,160 snps were chosen after quality control te ...	0	25178363
a survey to detect toxocara vitulorum and other gastrointestinal parasites in bison (bison bison) herds from manitoba and saskatchewan.	an egg count survey using environmental fecal samples obtained in spring or early summer was conducted to estimate the apparent prevalence of toxocara vitulorum in unweaned bison calves and of other intestinal parasites in adult bison on 98 farms in manitoba and saskatchewan. calf samples were pooled (maximum 5 samples per pool) by farm and positive pools were examined to determine individual t. vitulorum counts. toxocara vitulorum eggs were found on 4 farms in manitoba and none in saskatchewan. ...	0	25183895
effects of metformin and other biguanides on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.	the biguanide metformin is widely prescribed for type ii diabetes and has anti-neoplastic activity in laboratory models. despite evidence that inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex i by metformin is the primary cause of its cell-lineage-specific actions and therapeutic effects, the molecular interaction(s) between metformin and complex i remain uncharacterized. in the present paper, we describe the effects of five pharmacologically relevant biguanides on oxidative phosphorylation in ma ...	0	25017630
genetic analysis of hair samples attributed to yeti, bigfoot and other anomalous primates.	in the first ever systematic genetic survey, we have used rigorous decontamination followed by mitochondrial 12s rna sequencing to identify the species origin of 30 hair samples attributed to anomalous primates. two himalayan samples, one from ladakh, india, the other from bhutan, had their closest genetic affinity with a palaeolithic polar bear, ursus maritimus. otherwise the hairs were from a range of known extant mammals.	0	24990672
tandemly arrayed genes in vertebrate genomes.	tandemly arrayed genes (tags) are duplicated genes that are linked as neighbors on a chromosome, many of which have important physiological and biochemical functions. here we performed a survey of these genes in 11 available vertebrate genomes. tags account for an average of about 14% of all genes in these vertebrate genomes, and about 25% of all duplications. the majority of tags (72-94%) have parallel transcription orientation (i.e., they are encoded on the same strand) in contrast to the geno ...	0	18815629
acceleration of an aldo-keto reductase by minimal loop engineering.	aldo-keto reductases tighten coenzyme binding by forming a hydrogen bond across the pyrophosphate group of nad(p)(h). mutation of the hydrogen bonding anchor lys24 in candida tenuis xylose reductase prevents fastening of the "safety belt" around nad(h). the loosened nad(h) binding leads to increased turnover numbers (k(cat)) for reductions of bulky-bulky ketones at constant substrate and coenzyme affinities (i.e. k(m ketone), k(m nadh)).	0	24951537
microrna mir-124 controls the choice between neuronal and astrocyte differentiation by fine-tuning ezh2 expression.	polycomb group protein ezh2 is a histone h3 lys-27 histone methyltransferase orchestrating an extensive epigenetic regulatory program. several nervous system-specific genes are known to be repressed by ezh2 in stem cells and derepressed during neuronal differentiation. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation remain poorly understood. here we show that ezh2 levels are dampened during neuronal differentiation by brain-enriched microrna mir-124. expression of mir-124 in a neuro ...	0	24878960
fibrin binds to collagen and provides a bridge for αvβ3 integrin-dependent contraction of collagen gels.	the functional significance of fibrin deposits typically seen in inflammatory lesions, carcinomas and in healing wounds is not fully understood. in the present study, we demonstrate that fibrinogen/fibrin specifically bound to native col i (collagen type i) and used the col i fibre network as a base to provide a functional interface matrix that connects cells to the col i fibres through αvβ3 integrins. this allowed murine myoblast c2c12 cells to contract the collagenous composite gel via αvβ3 in ...	0	24840544
identification of the determinants of trna function and susceptibility to rapid trna decay by high-throughput in vivo analysis.	sequence variation in trna genes influences the structure, modification, and stability of trna; affects translation fidelity; impacts the activity of numerous isodecoders in metazoans; and leads to human diseases. to comprehensively define the effects of sequence variation on trna function, we developed a high-throughput in vivo screen to quantify the activity of a model trna, the nonsense suppressor sup4oc of saccharomyces cerevisiae. using a highly sensitive fluorescent reporter gene with an o ...	0	25085423
structure prediction of the second extracellular loop in g-protein-coupled receptors.	g-protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) play key roles in living organisms. therefore, it is important to determine their functional structures. the second extracellular loop (ecl2) is a functionally important region of gpcrs, which poses significant challenge for computational structure prediction methods. in this work, we evaluated cabs, a well-established protein modeling tool for predicting ecl2 structure in 13 gpcrs. the ecl2s (with between 13 and 34 residues) are predicted in an environment of ...	0	24896119
exome sequencing identifies a novel foxp3 mutation in a 2-generation family with inflammatory bowel disease.	inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is heritable, but a total of 163 variants commonly implicated in ibd pathogenesis account for only 25% of the heritability. rare, highly penetrant genetic variants may also explain mendelian forms of ibd and some of the missing heritability. to test the hypothesis that rare loss-of-function mutations can be causative, we performed whole exome sequencing (wes) on 5 members of a 2-generation family of european ancestry presenting with an early-onset and atypical fo ...	0	24792626
an ethnopharmacological survey of natural remedies used by the chinese community in mauritius.	to collect, preserve and document primary ethnopharmacological information on common natural remedies (nrs) used by the chinese community to treat and/or manage common diseases in mauritius, a tropical multicultural island in the indian ocean.	0	25183116
proteomic analysis of bovine pregnancy-specific serum proteins by 2d fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis.	two dimensional-fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2d dige) is an emerging technique for comparative proteomics, which improves the reproducibility and reliability of differential protein expression analysis between samples. the purpose of this study was to investigate bovine pregnancy-specific proteins in the proteome between bovine pregnant and non-pregnant serum using dige technique. serums of 2 pregnant holstein dairy cattle at day 21 after artificial insemination and those of 2 no ...	0	25925056
linkage disequilibrium estimation of chinese beef simmental cattle using high-density snp panels.	linkage disequilibrium (ld) plays an important role in genomic selection and mapping quantitative trait loci (qtl). in this study, the pattern of ld and effective population size (ne ) were investigated in chinese beef simmental cattle. a total of 640 bulls were genotyped with illuminabovinsnp50beadchip and illuminabovinhdbeadchip. we estimated ld for each autosomal chromosome at the distance between two random snps of <0 to 25 kb, 25 to 50 kb, 50 to 100 kb, 100 to 500 kb, 0.5 to 1 mb, 1 to 5 mb ...	0	25049849
reshaping antibody diversity.	some species mount a robust antibody response despite having limited genome-encoded combinatorial diversity potential. cows are unusual in having exceptionally long cdr h3 loops and few v regions, but the mechanism for creating diversity is not understood. deep sequencing reveals that ultralong cdr h3s contain a remarkable complexity of cysteines, suggesting that disulfide-bonded minidomains may arise during repertoire development. indeed, crystal structures of two cow antibodies reveal that the ...	0	23746848
acceleration of x-chromosome gene order evolution in the cattle lineage.	the gene order on the x chromosome of eutherians is generally highly conserved, although an increase in the rate of rearrangement has been reported in the rodent lineage. conservation of the x chromosome is thought to be caused by selection related to maintenance of dosage compensation. however, we herein reveal that the cattle (btau4.0) lineage has experienced a strong increase in the rate of x-chromosome rearrangement, much stronger than that previously reported for rodents. we also show that ...	0	23790974
quality assessment of longissimus and semitendinosus muscles from beef cattle subjected to non-penetrative and penetrative percussive stunning methods.	this study provides a comparative analysis of the effects of pre-slaughter penetrative and non-penetrative stunning and post-slaughter stunning on meat quality attributes in longissimus lumborum (ll) and semitendinosus (st) muscles in heifers. ten animals were assigned to each of four treatment groups: i) animals were subjected to conventional halal slaughter (a clean incision through the structures at the front of the upper neck - the trachea, oesophagus, carotid arteries and jugular veins) and ...	0	25049845
regulating the many to benefit the few: role of weak small rna targets.	small regulatory rnas are central players in the regulation of many cellular processes across all kingdoms of life. experiments in mouse and human have shown that a typical small rna may regulate the expression of many different genes, suggesting that small rnas act as global regulators. it is noted though that most targets respond only weakly to the presence of the small rna. at the same time, evidence in bacteria and animals suggest that the phenotypes associated with small rna mutants are onl ...	0	23601324
polymorphisms in the promoter region of the chinese bovine ppargc1a gene.	the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha protein, encoded by the ppargc1a gene, plays an important role in energy homeostasis. the genetic variations within the ppargc1a gene promoter region were scanned in 808 chinese native bovines belonging to three cattle breeds and yaks. a total of 6 snps and one 4 bp insertion variation in the promoter region of the bovine ppargc1a gene were identified: snp -259 t>a, -301_-298inscttt, -915 a>g, -1175 t>g, -1590 c>t, -1665 c> ...	0	25049813
the abcs of membrane transporters in health and disease (slc series): introduction.	the field of transport biology has steadily grown over the past decade and is now recognized as playing an important role in manifestation and treatment of disease. the slc (solute carrier) gene series has grown to now include 52 families and 395 transporter genes in the human genome. a list of these genes can be found at the hugo gene nomenclature committee (hgnc) website (see www.genenames.org/genefamilies/slc). this special issue features mini-reviews for each of these slc families written by ...	0	23506860
identification and function prediction of novel micrornas in laoshan dairy goats.	micrornas are a class of endogenous small rnas that play important roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation by directing degradation of mrnas or facilitating repression of target gene translation. in this study, three small rna cdna libraries from the mammary gland tissues of laoshan dairy goats (capra hircus) were constructed and sequenced, individually. through solexa high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we obtained 50 presumptive novel mirnas candidates, and 55,448 put ...	0	25049792
national genetic evaluation (system) of hanwoo (korean native cattle).	hanwoo (also known as korean native cattle; bos taurus coreanae) have been used for transportation and farming for a long time in south korea. it has been about 30 yrs since hanwoo improvement began in earnest as beef cattle for meat yield. the purpose of this study was to determine the trend of improvement as well as to estimate genetic parameters of the traits being used for seedstock selection based on the data collected from the past. hanwoo proven bulls in south korea are currently selected ...	0	25049770
improving genome-wide scans of positive selection by using protein isoforms of similar length.	large-scale evolutionary studies often require the automated construction of alignments of a large number of homologous gene families. the majority of eukaryotic genes can produce different transcripts due to alternative splicing or transcription initiation, and many such transcripts encode different protein isoforms. as analyses tend to be gene centered, one single-protein isoform per gene is selected for the alignment, with the de facto approach being to use the longest protein isoform per gen ...	0	23377868
voltage-gated sodium channel in grasshopper mice defends against bark scorpion toxin.	painful venoms are used to deter predators. pain itself, however, can signal damage and thus serves an important adaptive function. evolution to reduce general pain responses, although valuable for preying on venomous species, is rare, likely because it comes with the risk of reduced response to tissue damage. bark scorpions capitalize on the protective pain pathway of predators by inflicting intensely painful stings. however, grasshopper mice regularly attack and consume bark scorpions, groomin ...	0	24159039
the expansion and functional diversification of the mammalian ribonuclease a superfamily epitomizes the efficiency of multigene families at generating biological novelty.	the ribonuclease (rnase) a superfamily is a vertebrate-specific gene family. because of a massive expansion that occurred during the early mammalian evolution, extant mammals in general have much more rnase genes than nonmammalian vertebrates. mammalian rnases have been associated with diverse physiological functions including digestion, cytotoxicity, angiogenesis, male reproduction, and host defense. however, it is still uncertain when their expansion occurred and how a wide array of functions ...	0	24162010
physiological and pathological roles of mitochondrial slc25 carriers.	the mitochondrion relies on compartmentalization of certain enzymes, ions and metabolites for the sake of efficient metabolism. in order to fulfil its activities, a myriad of carriers are properly expressed, targeted and folded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. among these carriers, the six-transmembrane-helix mitochondrial slc25 (solute carrier family 25) proteins facilitate transport of solutes with disparate chemical identities across the inner mitochondrial membrane. although their proper ...	0	23988125
improvement of the treatment of loop structures in the unres force field by inclusion of coupling between backbone- and side-chain-local conformational states.	the united residue (unres) coarse-grained model of polypeptide chains, developed in our laboratory, enables us to carry out millisecond-scale molecular-dynamics simulations of large proteins effectively. it performs well in ab initio predictions of protein structure, as demonstrated in the last community wide experiment on the critical assessment of techniques for protein structure prediction (casp10). however, the resolution of the simulated structure is too coarse, especially in loop regions, ...	0	24273465
variance components and genetic parameters for milk production and lactation pattern in an ethiopian multibreed dairy cattle population.	the objective of this study was to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for lactation milk yield (ly), lactation length (ll), average milk yield per day (yd), initial milk yield (iy), peak milk yield (py), days to peak (dp) and parameters (ln(a) and c) of the modified incomplete gamma function (mig) in an ethiopian multibreed dairy cattle population. the dataset was composed of 5,507 lactation records collected from 1,639 cows in three locations (bako, debre zeit and holetta) in e ...	0	25049905
traumatic brain injury due to bull assault in a girl: a case report.	traumatic brain injury is a common condition in the emergency services, affecting the pediatric and adult population significantly. patterns of head injury as well as management principles in children are important differences compared to adults. traumatic brain injury by bull rush is usually seen in adults but has not been described in children-report a pediatric cranial trauma present bull rush, which to our knowledge is the first report in the literature of this nature.	0	24790672
association of polymorphism harbored by tumor necrosis factor alpha gene and sex of calf with lactation performance in cattle.	in a majority of mammals, male infants have heavier body mass and grow faster than female infants. accordingly, male offspring nursing requires a much greater maternal energy contribution to lactation. it is possible that the maternal-fetal immunoendocrine dialog plays an important role in female preparation for lactation during pregnancy. immune system genes are an integral part of gene regulatory networks in lactation and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfα) is a proinflammatory cytokine that al ...	0	25049721
identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of the bovine growth hormone (bgh) gene associated with growth and carcass traits in hanwoo.	the purpose of this study was to find any association of the bovine growth hormone (bgh) gene with growth and carcass quality traits in korean native cattle, hanwoo. genomic dna was extracted from 21 hanwoo individuals, and the 47 to 2,528 bp region of the bgh 2,856 bp (genbank accession number m57764) including the promoter and the five exons was sequenced. a total of ten bgh snps were confirmed, including four (253 c>t, 303 c>t, 502 c>t, and 559 g>a) in the promoter, one (679 c>t) in exon 1, o ...	0	25049718
faecal avoidance and selective foraging: do wild mice have the luxury to avoid faeces?	host-parasite interactions are a key determinant of the population dynamics of wild animals, and behaviours that reduce parasite transmission and infection may be important for improving host fitness. while antiparasite behaviours have been demonstrated in laboratory animals and domesticated ungulates, whether these behaviours operate in the wild is poorly understood. therefore, examining antiparasite behaviours in natural populations is crucial for understanding their ecological significance. i ...	0	24027342
automatic detection of cow's oestrus in audio surveillance system.	early detection of anomalies is an important issue in the management of group-housed livestock. in particular, failure to detect oestrus in a timely and accurate way can become a limiting factor in achieving efficient reproductive performance. although a rich variety of methods has been introduced for the detection of oestrus, a more accurate and practical method is still required. in this paper, we propose an efficient data mining solution for the detection of oestrus, using the sound data of k ...	0	25049882
molecular characterization and expression analysis of s6k1 in cashmere goats (capra hircus).	p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (p70s6k) can integrate nutrient and growth factor signals to promote cell growth and survival. we report our molecular characterization of the complementary dna (cdna) that encodes the goat p70s6k gene 40s ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (s6k1) (genbank accession gu144017) and its 3' noncoding sequence in inner mongolia cashmere goats (capra hircus). goat s6k1 cdna was 2,272 bp and include an open reading frame (orf) of 1,578 bp, corresponding to a polypeptide of 525 amino acids, a ...	0	25049885
second cistron in cacna1a gene encodes a transcription factor mediating cerebellar development and sca6.	the cacna1a gene, encoding the voltage-gated calcium channel subunit α1a, is involved in pre- and postsynaptic ca(2+) signaling, gene expression, and several genetic neurological disorders. we found that cacna1a coordinates gene expression using a bicistronic mrna bearing a cryptic internal ribosomal entry site (ires). the first cistron encodes the well-characterized α1a subunit. the second expresses a transcription factor, α1act, which coordinates expression of a program of genes involved in ne ...	0	23827678
revisiting a hoary chestnut: the nature of early cattle domestication in north-east africa.	it has been almost three decades since the wendorf & schild-andrew smith debate over the timing and location of domesticated cattle in north africa reached its climax. the time is now appropriate for a review of the old models in light of subsequent anatomical and genetic data which have come to light. this article summarises the main issues and models, and attempts to provide suggestions for future investigations.	0	24077927
dynamic evolution of endogenous retrovirus-derived genes expressed in bovine conceptuses during the period of placentation.	in evolution of mammals, some of essential genes for placental development are known to be of retroviral origin, as syncytin-1 derived from an envelope (env) gene of an endogenous retrovirus (erv) aids in the cell fusion of placenta in humans. although the placenta serves the same function in all placental mammals, env-derived genes responsible for trophoblast cell fusion and maternal immune tolerance differ among species and remain largely unidentified in the bovine species. to examine env-deri ...	0	23335121
embryo sexing and sex chromosomal chimerism analysis by loop-mediated isothermal amplification in cattle and water buffaloes.	in domestic animals of the family bovidae, sex preselection of offspring has been demanded for convenience of milk/beef production and animal breeding. development of the nonsurgical embryo transfer technique and sexing methods of preimplantation embryos made it possible. sexing based on detection of y chromosome-specific dna sequences is considered the most reliable method to date. pcr enables amplification of a target sequence from a small number of blastomeres. however, it requires technical ...	0	23965599
comparative in silico study of sex-determining region y (sry) protein sequences involved in sex-determining.	the sry gene (sry) provides instructions for making a transcription factor called the sex-determining region y protein. the sex-determining region y protein causes a fetus to develop as a male. in this study, sry of 15 spices included of human, chimpanzee, dog, pig, rat, cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, horse, zebra, frog, urial, dolphin and killer whale were used for determine of bioinformatic differences.	0	27536700
molecular characterization and expression analysis of ribosomal protein s6 gene in the cashmere goat (capra hircus).	ribosomal protein (rp) s6 is the substrate of ribosomal protein s6k (s6 kinase) and is involved in protein synthesis by mtor/s6k/s6 signaling pathway. some s6 cdna have been cloned in mammals in recent years but has not been identified in the goat. to facilitate such studies, we cloned the cdna encoding cashmere goat (capra hircus) s6 (genbank accession gu131122) and then detected mrna expression in seven tissues by real time pcr and protein expression in testis tissue by immunohistochemisty. se ...	0	25049753
implications of feed concentrate reduction in organic grassland-based dairy systems: a long-term on-farm study.	in response to increasing efforts for reducing concentrate inputs to organic dairy production in grassland-rich areas of europe, a long-term study was conducted, which assessed the impacts of concentrate reductions on cows' performance, health, fertility and average herd age. in total, 42 swiss commercial organic dairy cattle farms were monitored over 6 years ('y0', 2008/09 until 'y5', 2013/14). in comparison with overall data of swiss herdbooks (including conventional and organic farms), the he ...	0	28436343
effect of replacing ground corn and soybean meal with licuri cake on the performance, digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and ingestive behavior in lactating dairy cows.	licuri (syagrus coronate) cake is a biodiesel by-product used in ruminant feed as a beneficial energy source for supplementation in managed pastures. the objective was to evaluate the performance, digestibility, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, ingestive behavior and diet profitability of eight crossbred holstein (3/4)×gyr (5/8) multiparous cows (480±25 kg bw and 100 days milking) grazing and supplemented with licuri cake partially replacing ground corn and soybean meal in concentrate (0, 20 ...	0	28462743
translational studies on a ready-to-use intramuscular injection of penethamate for bovine mastitis.	bovine mastitis caused by bacterial infections of the mammary gland (udder) of dairy cows is a costly pathology for the dairy industry due to direct and indirect losses in production. penethamate, a pro-drug of benzylpenicillin, is used by intramuscular injection (im). the existing products are powders which must be reconstituted in water-for-injection and this presents difficulties in the field. penethamate is too unstable to be formulated as an aqueous formulation but a chemically stable suspe ...	0	28512690
long-chain fatty acid feeding frequency in anaerobic codigestion impacts syntrophic community structure and biokinetics.	this study investigated the impacts of long-chain fatty acid (lcfa) feeding frequencies on microbial community structure, bioconversion kinetics, and process stability during anaerobic codigestion. parallel laboratory-scale anaerobic codigesters fed with dairy cattle manure were either pulse-fed every two days or continuously-fed daily, respectively, with oleate (c18:1) in incremental step increases over 200 days up to 64% of the influent chemical oxygen demand (cod). the effluent acetate concen ...	0	28402870
on the identity of cow-pock and small-pox.		1842	21373086
notes of a case of petechial cow-pox, with observations on the development of the hæmorrhagic diathesis.		1842	20895751
on the colostrum of the cow.		1845	20895840
note on a three-toed cow.		1868	17230735
an infective form of tuberculosis in man identical with bovine tuberculosis.		1880	17231371
disease among texas cattle.		1880	19600044
disease among texas cattle.		1881	19600069
an infective form of tuberculosis in man identical with bovine tuberculosis.		1881	17231372
on the relations of small-pox and cow-pox especially as illustrated by the experiments of mr. badcock, formerly of brighton.		1881	20750038
observations on texas cattle. age, weight, temperature, liver, and spleen.		1882	19600116
"swell-head" in cattle.		1883	19600142
report of the committee on cattle diseases.		1883	19600165