| validation of a single-nucleotide polymorphism panel for parentage testing of farmed red deer. | red deer behaviour prevents the accurate physical matching of dams to fawns and, therefore, breeders have to rely on dna-based parentage testing. a panel consisting of 100 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, with an average minor allele frequency of 0.25, was able to resolve 92% of fawns to both parents. in comparison, an existing 12-marker microsatellite panel was able to resolve 68% of fawns to both parents. when excluding dam dna information, the single nucleotide polymorphism panel match ... | 2014 | 24033517 |
| social dominance is associated with individual differences in heart rate and energetic response to food restriction in female red deer. | energy expenditure is a key mechanism underlying animal ecology, yet why individuals often differ in metabolic rate even under identical conditions remains largely unexplained. individual variation in metabolism might be explained by correlations with other behavioral and physiological traits, with individual syndromes having environment- or state-dependent costs and benefits to fitness. we tested whether social rank within herds of female red deer is associated with individual differences in re ... | 2013 | 23995483 |
| wildlife-vehicle collisions in croatia--a hazard for humans and animals. | wildlife-vehicle collisions (wvc) have increased and now there is a world-wide problem related to significant mortality of wildlife, habitat fragmentation, change in behavior and even disappearance of local endangered populations. along with these deleterious effects on wildlife, wvc can also result in injuries and deaths of humans. during the three-year monitoring, a total of 7,495 wildlife-vehicle collisions were recorded, including mainly roe deer (73%), while other species were less frequent ... | 2013 | 23941001 |
| habitat monitoring in the wider countryside: a case study on the pursuit of innovation in red deer management. | policy frameworks for protected areas, such as the eu habitats directive, ensure that environmental monitoring takes place to assess the condition of these sites. however, this monitoring rarely extends to the wider countryside, and there is no obligation for private landowners to detect trends in habitat condition. using the diffusion of innovations model as an analytical framework we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews to consider the uptake of habitat impact assessment methods th ... | 2013 | 23860380 |
| surveillance of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in susceptible wildlife and domestic ungulates in southeast of bulgaria following a fmd case in wild boar. | following a foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) case of serotype o in wild boar in southeast of bulgaria, notified in january 2011 and eleven fmd outbreaks in livestock, a control and eradication plan according to the eu legislation was implemented. based on the epidemiological considerations a "cordon sanitaire" along the border to turkey, consisting of a defined infected area (1240 km(2)) and two areas of risk (2160 km(2)) was established. within these areas a total of 812 wild boar, 68 roe deer, 7 r ... | 2013 | 23830685 |
| [the influence of the products prepared from young not ossified antlers marals of siberian red deer on the characteristics of the blood oxygen-supplying system in the athletes during the contest season]. | the objective of the present study was to estimate the influence of the products prepared from young not ossified antlers marals of siberian red deer on the characteristics of the blood oxygen-supplying system in the athletes undergoing heavy physical loads during the contest season. it was shown that the use of such preparations promotes correction of humoral characteristics reflecting the development of iron-deficient conditions. | 2013 | 23373295 |
| expression of immunoregulatory genes and its relationship to lead exposure and lead-mediated oxidative stress in wild ungulates from an abandoned mining area. | lead (pb) is a highly toxic metal that can induce oxidative stress and affect the immune system by modifying the expression of immunomodulator-related genes. the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between pb exposure and the transcriptional profiles of some cytokines, as well as the relationship between pb exposure and changes in oxidative stress biomarkers observed in the spleen of wild ungulates exposed to mining pollution. red deer and wild boar from the mining area s ... | 2013 | 23344983 |
| balancing income and cost in red deer management. | this paper presents a bioeconomic analysis of a red deer population within a norwegian institutional context. this population is managed by a well-defined manager, typically consisting of many landowners operating in a cooperative manner, with the goal of maximizing the present-value hunting related income while taking browsing and grazing damages into account. the red deer population is structured in five categories of animals (calves, female and male yearlings, adult females and adult males). ... | 2013 | 23262406 |
| reduced glutathione and trolox (vitamin e) as extender supplements in cryopreservation of red deer epididymal spermatozoa. | the use of assisted reproductive techniques in cervids is increasing as the commercial use of these species increase. we have tested the suitability of the antioxidants trolox and reduced glutathione (gsh) for freezing red deer epididymal spermatozoa, aiming at improving post-thawing quality. samples from 19 stags were frozen in a tes-tris-fructose extender (20% egg yolk, 8% glycerol), with 1 or 5 mm of antioxidant. motility (casa), lipoperoxidation (malondialdehyde -mda- production), membrane s ... | 2012 | 23021747 |
| mercury speciation analysis in terrestrial animal tissues. | no previous analytical procedures are available and validated for mercury speciation analysis in terrestrial animal tissues. this analysis is a difficult task both because the expected concentrations are low, since important accumulation process are not likely to occur, and also because there are not commercially available certified reference material. thus, an analytical methodology has been developed and validated for mercury speciation for the specific case of terrestrial animal tissues. the ... | 2012 | 22967634 |
| collaboration in natural resource governance: reconciling stakeholder expectations in deer management in scotland. | the challenges of integrated, adaptive and ecosystem management are leading government agencies to adopt participatory modes of engagement. collaborative governance is a form of participation in which stakeholders co-produce goals and strategies and share responsibilities and resources. we assess the potential and challenges of collaborative governance as a mechanism to provide an integrated, ecosystem approach to natural resource management, using red deer in scotland as a case study. collabora ... | 2012 | 22898708 |
| shared spatial effects on quantitative genetic parameters: accounting for spatial autocorrelation and home range overlap reduces estimates of heritability in wild red deer. | social structure, limited dispersal, and spatial heterogeneity in resources are ubiquitous in wild vertebrate populations. as a result, relatives share environments as well as genes, and environmental and genetic sources of similarity between individuals are potentially confounded. quantitative genetic studies in the wild therefore typically account for easily captured shared environmental effects (e.g., parent, nest, or region). fine-scale spatial effects are likely to be just as important in w ... | 2012 | 22834741 |
| quality, oxidative markers and dna damage (dna) fragmentation of red deer thawed spermatozoa after incubation at 37 °c in presence of several antioxidants. | antioxidants may be useful for supplementing sperm extenders. we have tested dehydroascorbic acid (dha), tempol, n-acetyl-cysteine (nac) and rutin on epididymal spermatozoa from red deer, during incubation at 37 °c. cryopreserved spermatozoa were thawed, washed and incubated with 1 mm or 0.1 mm of each antioxidant, including oxidative stress (fe(2+)/ascorbate). motility (casa and clustering of subpopulations), viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and acrosomal status were assessed at 2 a ... | 2012 | 22818091 |
| red deer antler extract accelerates hair growth by stimulating expression of insulin-like growth factor i in full-thickness wound healing rat model. | in order to investigate and evaluate the effects of red deer antlers on hair growth in the full-thickness wound healing model, sprague-dawley rats were given incision wounds through the full thickness of their dorsal skin and deer antler was applied for 40 days. at specified intervals thereafter (4, 8, 16, 32 and 40 days), the animals were sacrificed and the wound site skins were excised, processed, and sectioned. at post-injury days 16, 32 and 40, longer and more active new hair appeared around ... | 2012 | 25049617 |
| ontogenesis of the reticulum with special reference to neuroendocrine and glial cells: a comparative analysis of the merino sheep and iberian red deer. | the present study was designed to compare the differences in the ontogenesis of the reticulum in sheep (domestic ruminant) and deer (wild ruminant). a total of 50 embryos and foetuses merino sheep and 50 iberian deer were used, from the first pre-natal life until birth. the appearance of the reticulum from the primitive gastric tube was earlier in the sheep (22% gestation, 33 days) than in the deer (25% gestation, 66 days). in both cases, it displayed a primitive epithelium of a stratified, cyli ... | 2012 | 22432940 |
| taking advantage of the use of supervised learning methods for characterization of sperm population structure related with freezability in the iberian red deer. | using iberian red deer as a model, this study presents a supervised learning method, the support vector machines (svm), to characterize sperm population structure related with freezability. male freezability was assessed by evaluating motility, membrane status and mitochondrial membrane potential of sperm after a freezing-thawing procedure. the svm model was generated using sperm motility information captured by computer-assisted sperm analysis (casa) from thawed semen, belonging to six stags wi ... | 2012 | 22341709 |
| a new way to integrate selection when both demography and selection gradients vary over time. | when both selection and demography vary over time, how can the long-run expected strength of selection on quantitative traits be measured? there are two basic steps in the proposed new analysis: one relates trait values to fitness components and the other relates fitness components to total fitness. we used one population projection matrix for each state of the environment together with a model of environmental dynamics, defining total fitness as the stochastic growth rate. we multiplied environ ... | 2010 | 25089083 |
| using n-alkanes to estimate diet composition of herbivores: a novel mathematical approach. | n-alkanes are long-chain saturated hydrocarbons occurring in plant cuticles that can be used as chemical markers for estimating the diet composition of herbivores. an important constraint of using n-alkanes to estimate diet composition with currently employed mathematical procedures is that the number of markers must be equal or larger than the number of diet components. this is a considerable limitation when dealing with free-ranging herbivores feeding on complex plant communities. we present a ... | 2007 | 22444217 |
| changes induced by elk browsing in the aboveground biomass production and distribution of willow (salix monticola bebb): their relationships with plant water, carbon, and nitrogen dynamics. | willows are dominant woody plants of many high-elevation riparian areas of the western usa, and constitute an important food resource for various ungulates, which tend to concentrate in riparian areas. the response of willow to browsing was analyzed in the elk winter range of rocky mountain national park, by considering the effect of elk browsing on salix monticola bebb, one of the most common willow species in this area. unbrowsed and browsed treatments were established during the 1997 growing ... | 2001 | 28547104 |
| antler length of yearling red deer is determined by population density, weather and early life-history. | in red deer, yearling antler length is a largely nutrition-mediated phenotypic character, and is therefore sometimes used as an indirect estimate of range quality and population condition. however, the parameters affecting yearling antler length have been little studied. we analyse the contributions of density, weather and maternal effects on yearling antler length of 581 individual stags born 1970-1996 on the isle of rum (scotland). we show that antler length is a good measure of yearling condi ... | 2001 | 24577649 |
| microsatellite loci reveal sex-dependent responses to inbreeding and outbreeding in red deer calves. | mean d2 is a recently devised microsatellite-based measure that is hypothesised to allow the detection of inbreeding depression and heterosis in free-living populations. two studies that have investigated the measure have both demonstrated an association between mean d2 and traits related to fitness. here we present an association between mean d1 and an important component of fitness, first-year overwinter survival, in a population of red deer on the isle of rum, scotland. the association betwee ... | 1999 | 28565463 |
| countervailing selection in different fitness components in female red deer. | in individually monitored red deer (cervus elaphus) living in the north block of the isle of rhum, scotland, juvenile survival is related to the genotype at the enzyme loci mpi and idh-2 (each with two alleles, f and s). to establish whether other fitness components also are related to genetic differences, we examined whether age at first breeding, fecundity, and adult survival of females were related to genotype at the same loci. fertility in females shot outside the study area was also analyze ... | 1991 | 28564077 |
| genetic variation and juvenile survival in red deer. | the survival of red deer (cervus elaphus l.) calves to two years of age was examined in relation to electrophoretic variation in a population on the scottish island of rhum. survival was analyzed using logistic analysis in which the "phenotypic" factors birth weight, birth date, subdivision of the study area, cohort, and sex, which affect the probability of a calf's survival, were taken into account. all three polymorphic loci examined, mpi, idh-2, and trf (each with two detected alleles) are si ... | 1988 | 28581158 |
| the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in life-history traits: predictions of reaction norms for age and size at maturity. | we used life-history theory to predict reaction norms for age and size at maturation. we assumed that fecundity increases with size and that juvenile mortality rates of offspring decrease as ages-at-maturity of parents increase, then calculated the reaction norm by varying growth rate and calculating an optimal age at maturity for each growth rate. the reaction norm for maturation should take one of at least four shapes that depend on specific relations between changes in growth rates and change ... | 1986 | 28556219 |
| the date of antler casting, age and social hierarchy relationships in the red deer stag. | a five-year observation of social interactions and the antler cycle of the stag was performed in the "white" red deer population in the žehušice game reserve, czechoslovakia. the results indicate that the antler casting time of individual stags was dependent primarily on social status and that the influence of age was of secondary importance. the more dominant the stag, the earlier antler casting occurred. the stags of higher social status also tended to shed velvet earlier, although this relati ... | 1980 | 24925506 |
| pathologic and biochemical characterization of prpscfrom elk with prnp polymorphisms at codon 132 after experimental infection with the chronic wasting disease agent. | the rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) prion protein gene (prnp) is polymorphic at codon 132, with leucine (l132) and methionine (m132) allelic variants present in the population. in elk experimentally inoculated with the chronic wasting disease (cwd) agent, different incubation periods are associated with prnp genotype: ll132 elk survive the longest, lm132 elk are intermediate, and mm132 elk the shortest. the purpose of this study was to investigate potential mechanisms underlying vari ... | 2018 | 29523205 |
| very low influenza a virus prevalence in cervids in german national parks. | influenza a viruses are one of the most important and most studied pathogens in humans and domestic animals but little is known about viral prevalence in non-avian wildlife. serum samples from three free-ranging cervid species (red [ cervus elaphus], fallow [ dama dama] , and roe deer [ capreolus capreolus]) were collected from six german national parks between 2000 and 2002. the serum was tested for the presence of influenza a antibodies using a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorben ... | 2018 | 29517428 |
| serological surveillance for tahyna virus (california encephalitis orthobunyavirus, peribunyaviridae) neutralizing antibodies in wild ungulates in austria, hungary and romania. | a serosurvey for tahyna virus (tahv), a mosquito-borne california encephalitis orthobunyavirus (peribunyaviridae) endemic to europe, was performed to estimate the activity of tahv on a broad geographic scale. sera from wild boar (sus scrofa), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) were collected from austria, hungary and romania. samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies against tahv using a virus microneutralization assay. the results demonstrate that tahv transmissi ... | 2018 | 29516663 |
| a teat papillomatosis case in a damascus goat (shami goat) in hatay province, turkey: a new putative papillomavirus? | papillomaviruses (pvs) are epitheliotropic viruses that cause benign proliferative lesions in the skin (warts or papillomas) and mucous membranes of their natural hosts. recently, new pvs have been found in many animal species. the most common current approach for identifying novel pv types is based on pcr, using various consensus or degenerated primer (broad-range primers), designed on the basis of the multiple alignment of nucleotide or amino acid sequences of a large number of different human ... | 2018 | 29502149 |
| prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis e virus in pigs, wild boars, roe deer, red deer and moose in lithuania. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is one of the major causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. in europe, food-borne zoonotic transmission of hev genotype 3 has been associated with domestic pigs and wild boar. controversial data are available on the circulation of the virus in animals that are used for human consumption, and to date, no gold standard has yet been defined for the diagnosis of hev-associated hepatitis. to investigate the current hev infection status in lithuanian pigs and wild ungulates, ... | 2018 | 29471843 |
| whole-genome sequencing of tarim red deer (cervus elaphus yarkandensis) reveals demographic history and adaptations to an arid-desert environment. | the initiation of desert conditions in the tarim basin in china since the late miocene has led to the significant genetic structuring of local organisms. tarim red deer (cervus elaphus yarkandensis, trd) have adapted to the harsh environmental conditions in this basin, including high solar radiation and temperature, aridity, and poor nutritional conditions. however, the underlying genetic basis of this adaptation is poorly understood. | 2020 | 33072165 |
| case report: fading elk syndrome in a herd of captive elk (cervus elaphus) in the north american midwest. | fading elk syndrome, or chronic ill-thrift of elk, is a disease associated with abomasal parasitism with ostertagia species, of which elk appear to be particularly susceptible. while this syndrome has been extensively reported to affect wapiti-type red deer hybrids farmed in new zealand since the mid 1980's, there is only a single report of this disease in north america. here, we report a case of fading elk syndrome in a herd of 34 elk (cervus elaphus) in ames, iowa, at the national animal disea ... | 2020 | 32974398 |
| wave-like patterns of plant phenology determine ungulate movement tactics. | animals exhibit a diversity of movement tactics [1]. tracking resources that change across space and time is predicted to be a fundamental driver of animal movement [2]. for example, some migratory ungulates (i.e., hooved mammals) closely track the progression of highly nutritious plant green-up, a phenomenon called "green-wave surfing" [3-5]. yet general principles describing how the dynamic nature of resources determine movement tactics are lacking [6]. we tested an emerging theory that predic ... | 2020 | 32619482 |
| cellular distribution of the prion protein in palatine tonsils of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) that affects members of the cervidae family, including deer (odocoileus spp.), elk (cervus canadensis spp.), and moose (alces alces spp.). while cwd is a neurodegenerative disease, lymphoid accumulation of the abnormal isoform of the prion protein (prpsc) is detectable early in the course of infection. it has been shown that a large portion of the prpsc lymphoid accumulation in infected mule deer takes place on the ... | 2019 | 31548473 |
| using genotyping-by-sequencing to predict gender in animals. | gender assignment errors are common in some animal species and lead to inaccuracies in downstream analyses. procedures for detecting gender misassignment are available for array-based snp data but are still being developed for genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs) data. in this study, we describe a method for using gbs data to predict gender using x and y chromosomal snps. from a set of 1286 x chromosomal and 23 y chromosomal deer (cervus sp.) snps discovered from gbs sequence reads, a prediction model ... | 2019 | 30957265 |
| molecular detection of babesia odocoilei in wild, farmed, and zoo cervids in ontario, canada. | babesia odocoilei, a tick-borne protozoan hemoparasite of white-tailed deer ( odocoileus virginianus), is being increasingly recognized as a cause of disease in captive cervids in north america. historically endemic in white-tailed deer, the natural wildlife reservoir in the southeastern us, b. odocoilei has been recently associated with hemolytic anemia in captive eurasian tundra reindeer ( rangifer tarandus tarandus), wapiti ( cervus canadensis), and woodland caribou ( rangifer tarandus caribo ... | 2019 | 30339101 |
| histopathological, morphological, and molecular characterization of sarcocystis species in elk (cervus elaphus) from pennsylvania, usa. | sarcocystis sarcocysts are common in many species of domestic and wild animals. here, we report sarcocystosis in muscles from 91 free range elk (cervus elaphus) from pennsylvania, usa, tested by histopathology, transmission electron microscopy (tem), and dna sequencing. sarcocysts were detected in hematoxylin and eosin (he)-stained sections from 83 of 91 (91.2%) elk, including 83/91 (91.2%) tongues and 15/17 (88.2%) hearts. with respect to age, sarcocysts were found in 0/5 calves, 8/9 (88.8%) ye ... | 2018 | 30120590 |
| development of diagnostic snp markers to monitor hybridization between sika deer (cervus nippon) and wapiti (cervus elaphus). | sika deer (cervus nippon) and wapiti (cervus elaphus) are closely related species and their hybridization can result in significant allele-shift of their gene pool. additive genetic effects and putative heterotic effects of their hybridization on growth performance could confer considerable economic advantage in deer farming. here, we used double-digest restriction site-associated dna sequencing technology (ddrad-seq) and detected ∼320,000 genome-wide snps from 30 captive individuals: 7 sika dee ... | 2018 | 29789312 |
| comparative analysis of prions in nervous and lymphoid tissues of chronic wasting disease-infected cervids. | the prevalence, host range and geographical bounds of chronic wasting disease (cwd), the prion disease of cervids, are expanding. horizontal transmission likely contributes the majority of new cwd cases, but the mechanism by which prions are transmitted among cwd-affected cervids remains unclear. to address the extent to which prion amplification in peripheral tissues contributes to contagious transmission, we assessed the prion levels in central nervous and lymphoreticular system tissues in whi ... | 2018 | 29580373 |
| introgression of exotic cervus (nippon and canadensis) into red deer (cervus elaphus) populations in scotland and the english lake district. | since the mid-19th century, multiple introductions of japanese sika deer (cervus nippon nippon) and north american wapiti (c. canadensis) have taken place in the british isles. while wapiti have generally been unsuccessful, sika have been very successful, especially in scotland where they now overlap at least 40% of the range of native red deer (c. elaphus). hybridization between these two species and red deer has been demonstrated in captivity and in the wild. using a panel of 22 microsatellite ... | 2018 | 29468030 |
| in vitro culture of deer embryos. | in vitro embryo production of deer species has the potential to increase valuable traits for the agricultural sector, and from a conservation perspective, it is a propagation tool which can improve genetic diversity in small captive populations. in vitro embryo production is a multistep process consisting of oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo culture. these techniques provide the backbone for more advanced assisted reproductive technologies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ics ... | 2019 | 31230282 |
| [comparison on feeding habits of cervus wallichii and sympatric ungulates and domestic animals in green grass period]. | tibetan red deer (cervus wallichii) is an endemic species to china, which was once considered extinct in the wild. as there are several other wild ungulates and domestic animals with similar feeding habits within its habitat range, it's thus essential to study interspecific competition and co-existence between tibetan red deer and other cohabiting ungulates in the highly unique environment of qinghai-tibet plateau. using microscopic analysis on fresh fecal samples collected in sangri tibetan red ... | 2020 | 32476360 |
| cervids as sentinel-species for tick-borne encephalitis virus in norway - a serological study. | tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) is the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe). tbev is one of the most important neurological pathogens transmitted by tick bites in europe. the objectives of this study were to investigate the seroprevalence of tbe antibodies in cervids in norway and the possible emergence of new foci, and furthermore to evaluate if cervids can function as sentinel animals for the distribution of tbev in the country. serum samples from 286 moose, 148 roe deer, 140 ... | 2019 | 31855321 |
| efficacy and animal welfare impacts of novel capture methods for two species of invasive wild mammals in new zealand. | all capture methods impose animal welfare impacts, but these impacts are rarely quantified or reported. we present data from two wildlife capture studies that trialled new methods for capturing bennett's wallabies (notamacropus rufogriseus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in new zealand. we used helicopter net-gunning for both species, and compared this method with ground-based netting for wallabies and helicopter darting for red deer, using, for the first time in new zealand, the fast-acting opio ... | 2019 | 31878314 |
| prevalence and subtypes of blastocystis sp. infection in zoo animals in three cities in china. | blastocystis is a highly prevalent eukaryotic parasite of many animals and humans worldwide. it can compromise the gastrointestinal tract and cause gastrointestinal symptoms, constituting a serious threat to human health and animal growth. many animals are potential sources of blastocystis infection in humans. however, limited data are available regarding the prevalence and subtype distribution of blastocystis infection among zoo animals in china. therefore, the present study examined the preval ... | 2020 | 31845021 |
| estimating the amount of chronic wasting disease infectivity passing through abattoirs and field slaughter. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a highly infectious, naturally occurring, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse, or prion disease) affecting many cervid species. cwd has been widely circulating in north america since it was first reported in 1967. in 2016, the first european case of prion disease in deer was reported and confirmed in norway. there have since been several confirmed several cases in reindeer and moose and in one red deer in norway, and recently in a moose in finland. there ... | 2019 | 30935503 |
| a comprehensive study of cutaneous fibropapillomatosis in free-ranging roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus): from clinical manifestations to whole-genome sequencing of papillomaviruses. | papillomaviruses (pvs) are an extremely large group of viruses that cause skin and mucosa infections in humans and various animals. in roe deer and red deer, most pvs belong to the deltapapillomavirus genus and cause neoplastic changes that are generally described as fibropapillomas. despite the wide distribution of roe and red deer throughout europe and beyond, the data in the scientific literature regarding the widespread distribution of pvs and the genetic variability of pv genomes in these s ... | 2020 | 32911735 |
| prevalence and characterization of cryptosporidium species and genotypes in four farmed deer species in the northeast of china. | cryptosporidiosis is a major public health problem in humans and animals. information on the prevalence and molecular diversity of cryptosporidium in farmed deer in northeastern china is limited. in this study, the prevalence of these parasites was investigated in four farmed deer species, including 125 reindeer, 109 red deer, 86 sika deer, and 18 siberian roe deer by nested pcr amplification of the partial small subunit of ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene. c. ubiquitum isolates were subtyped using ... | 2020 | 32903723 |
| herpesvirus diseases of domestic animals and game species in the slovak republic. | herpesviruses are dna viruses that cause serious latent infections in humans and animals. these pathogens significantly influence the animal health and economy of animal husbandry. the reduction of production parameters, abortions, birth of weak individuals and by costs associated with the elimination and monitoring of herpesvirus diseases are among the most serious harms caused by herpesviruses. in our review we focused mainly on herpesvirus diseases in pigs and cattle (aujeszky's disease, bovi ... | 2020 | 33112639 |
| seroprevalence of five zoonotic pathogens in wild ruminants in xinjiang, northwest china. | wild ruminants are at risk for zoonotic pathogen infection as a result of interactions with domestic animals and humans. one way to assess the level of a wild ruminant disease in a population is to determine the seroprevalence of the pathogen of interest. the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of five zoonotic pathogens in wild ruminants in xinjiang, northwest china. in 2009 and 2011-2015, 258 wild ruminant sera samples were collected from various species. samples were o ... | 2020 | 32936059 |
| a systematic review and meta-analysis of toxoplasma gondii in roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in europe. | the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the available knowledge on the seroprevalence of t. gondii in roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in europe. a computerized literature search of electronic databases (pubmed and cab abstracts) was performed along with hand searches of library resources for relevant papers, books, abstracts and conference proceedings. a random-effect model was employed to calculate pooled seroprevalence estimates w ... | 2020 | 33164352 |
| bartonella spp. detection in ticks, culicoides biting midges and wild cervids from norway. | bartonella spp. are fastidious, gram-negative, aerobic, facultative intracellular bacteria that infect humans, and domestic and wild animals. in norway, bartonella spp. have been detected in cervids, mainly within the distribution area of the arthropod vector deer ked (lipoptena cervi). we used pcr to survey the prevalence of bartonella spp. in blood samples from 141 cervids living outside the deer ked distribution area (moose [alces alces, n = 65], red deer [cervus elaphus, n = 41] and reindeer ... | 2020 | 32757355 |
| detection of new crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus genotypes in ticks feeding on deer and wild boar, spain. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is the causative agent of the severe tick-borne, often fatal, zoonotic crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf), which is widely distributed worldwide. the cchfv transmission to humans occurs through tick bite, crushing of engorged ticks or contact with infected host blood. previously, cchfv genotype africa iii was reported in spain. given the emergence of cchf and the role of ticks in pathogen maintenance and transmission, we investigated the presen ... | 2020 | 32738065 |
| habitat suitability based models for ungulate roadkill prognosis. | roads do not only have a detrimental effect on nature (fragmenting habitats, isolating populations and threatening biodiversity), but the increasing numbers of wildlife-vehicle collisions are also a direct threat to humans and property. therefore, mitigation measures should be placed with respect to animal distribution and movements across the roads. we simulated red deer, roe deer and wild boar movements in lithuania, focusing on the two main highways a1 and a2. using regional habitat suitabili ... | 2020 | 32759755 |
| the role of different species of wild ungulates and ixodes ricinus ticks in the circulation of genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum in a forest biotope in north-western poland. | the aim of this study was to reveal genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum strains occurring in different species of wild ungulates and in ixodes ricinus ticks to check the role of the examined species in the circulation of the revealed variants in nature. the aim was also to determine if the detected variants of a. phagocytophilum are specific for particular game species as well as to examine their identity with other strains, including pathogenic ones. sequences of the amplified groel h ... | 2020 | 32723651 |
| using histomorphometry for human and nonhuman distinction: a test of four methods on fresh and archaeological fragmented bones. | positive identification of human remains is the very first step in anthropological analysis, and the task may be particularly difficult in the case of fragmented bones. histomorphometry methods have been developed to discriminate human from nonhuman bones, based on differences in the size and shape of haversian systems between the two groups. those methods all focus on a very specific type of bone, section, and zone. therefore, the objective of this study was to test the efficiency of four histo ... | 2020 | 32593113 |
| geographical restriction of hepatitis e virus circulation in wild boars (sus scrofa) in emilia-romagna region, northern italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a singlestrand rna virus that causes an acute viral hepatitis in humans. among its eight recognized genotypes, hev-3 and hev-4 are zoonotic, infecting humans, pigs and wild boars. recently, hev-3 has been also detected in red deer, which represents another reservoir of hev. consumption of raw pork products (mainly liver sausages), undercooked wild boar meat, raw wild boar liver and deer meat has been responsible for foodborne hev human worldwide. from november 2018 to ... | 2020 | 32300568 |
| a molecular survey, whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of astroviruses from roe deer. | although astroviruses (astv) have been detected in a variety of host species, there are only limited records of their occurrence in deer. one of the most important game species in europe, due to its meat and antlers, is roe deer. infected game animals can pose a threat to the health of other animals and of humans, so more attention needs to be focused on understanding the diversity of viruses in wildlife. the complete genome and organization of the roe deer astv genome have not so far been descr ... | 2020 | 32085761 |
| onchocerca jakutensis ocular infection in poland: a new vector-borne human health risk? | zoonotic onchocerciasis is a vector-borne disease, which involves many animal species, including large ungulates, boars, dogs, and sporadically, humans. so far, 39 cases of zoonotic onchocerciasis have been reported worldwide, 30 of which have been found in the last 20 years. onchocerca nematodes are transmitted to humans by blood-sucking vectors during a blood meal. the following species have been responsible for zoonotic infections: onchocerca cervicalis, o. dewittei japonica, o. gutturosa, o. ... | 2020 | 32051010 |
| adaptability, resilience and environmental buffering in european refugia during the late pleistocene: insights from la riera cave (asturias, cantabria, spain). | the upper palaeolithic in europe was a time of extensive climatic changes that impacted on the survival and distribution of human populations. during the late glacial maximum (lgm), southern european peninsulas were refugia for flora, fauna, and human groups. one of these refugia, the cantabrian region (northern atlantic spain), was intensively occupied throughout the upper palaeolithic. characterising how climatic events were expressed in local environments is crucial to understand human and an ... | 2020 | 31988327 |
| molecular identification of sarcocysts from tissue of fallow deer (dama dama) farmed in the open pasture system based on ssu rrna gene. | sarcocystis spp. are protozoan parasites of livestock which also infect birds, lower vertebrates and mammals, including man. wild and domestic ruminants such as red deer, roe deer, fallow deer, cattle, sheep and goats may act as intermediate hosts for many sarcocystis species, some of which are significant pathogens causing sarcocystosis in livestock and humans. the purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sarcocystis species in fallow deer farmed in an open pasture system ... | 2020 | 31981017 |
| presence of roe deer affects the occurrence of anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotypes in questing ixodes ricinus in different habitat types of central europe. | the way in which european genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum circulate in their natural foci and which variants cause disease in humans or livestock remains thus far unclear. red deer and roe deer are suggested to be reservoirs for some european a. phagocytophilum strains, and ixodes ricinus is their principal vector. based on groel gene sequences, five a. phagocytophilum ecotypes have been identified. ecotype i is associated with the broadest host range, including strains that cause ... | 2019 | 31783486 |
| maternal longevity and offspring sex in wild ungulates. | in species with sexual size dimorphism, the offspring of the larger sex usually have greater energy requirements and may lead to greater fitness costs for parents. the effects of offspring sex on maternal longevity, however, have only been tested in humans. human studies produced mixed results and considerable debate mainly owing to the difficulty of distinguishing the effects of sexual dimorphism from sociocultural factors. to advance this debate, we examined how the relative number of sons inf ... | 2019 | 30963926 |
| radiocarbon dating and isotope analysis on the purported aurignacian skeletal remains from fontana nuova (ragusa, italy). | proving voyaging at sea by palaeolithic humans is a difficult archaeological task, even for short distances. in the mediterranean, a commonly accepted sea crossing is that from the italian peninsula to sicily by anatomically modern humans, purportedly of the aurignacian culture. this claim, however, was only supported by the typological attribution to the aurignacian of the lithic industries from the insular site of fontana nuova. ams radiocarbon dating undertaken as part of our research shows t ... | 2019 | 30893326 |
| shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates from red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (dama dama) in poland. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia (e.) coli (stec) pathogens are responsible for the outbreaks of serious diseases in humans, including haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus), bloody diarrhoea (bd) and diarrhoea (d), and they pose a significant public health concern. wild ruminants are an important environmental reservoir of foodborne pathogens that can cause serious illnesses in humans and contaminate fresh products. there is a general scarcity of published data about wildlife as a reservoir of food ... | 2020 | 31703865 |
| deer keds on wild ungulates in northern italy, with a taxonomic key for the identification of lipoptena spp. of europe. | deer keds (lipoptena spp.) are blood-sucking ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals, and also accidentally of humans. in europe, five lipoptena spp. have been recorded, although the lack of specific taxonomic keys has often led to mistaken identification or to missing data. the present study aimed to develop an identification key of the european species and also to identify lipoptena spp. found on wild ungulates in northern italy. in total, 390 hippoboscids were collected from rupicapra rupi ... | 2020 | 31674696 |
| first detection and molecular identification of the zoonotic anaplasma capra in deer in france. | cervids are known to be reservoirs of zoonotic bacteria transmitted by ticks. this study aimed to identify the anaplasma species carried by captive red deer and swamp deer in a wild fauna reserve in france. blood from 59 red deer and 7 swamp deer was collected and analyzed over a period of two years. a semi-nested pcr targeting the 23s rrna was performed to detect and characterize anaplasma spp. and determine the presence of zoonotic species. anaplasma phagocytophilum was identified in 14/59 red ... | 2019 | 31276519 |
| changing environments during the middle-upper palaeolithic transition in the eastern cantabrian region (spain): direct evidence from stable isotope studies on ungulate bones. | environmental change has been proposed as a factor that contributed to the extinction of the neanderthals in europe during mis3. currently, the different local environmental conditions experienced at the time when anatomically modern humans (amh) met neanderthals are not well known. in the western pyrenees, particularly, in the eastern end of the cantabrian coast of the iberian peninsula, extensive evidence of neanderthal and subsequent amh activity exists, making it an ideal area in which to ex ... | 2018 | 30287834 |
| coxiella burnetii in wild mammals: a systematic review. | coxiella burnetii is a multi-host bacterium that causes q fever in humans, a zoonosis that is emerging worldwide. the ecology of c. burnetii in wildlife is still poorly understood and the influence of host, environmental and pathogen factors is almost unknown. this study gathers current published information on different aspects of c. burnetii infection in wildlife, even in species with high reservoir potential and a high rate of interaction with livestock and humans, in order to partially fill ... | 2019 | 30506629 |
| sensitivity to antimicrobials of faecal buttiauxella spp. from roe and red deer (capreolus capreolus, cervus elaphus)detected with maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | wild ruminants are an interesting topic for research because only limited information exists regarding their microbiota. they could also be an environmental reservoir of undesirable bacteria for other animals or humans. in this study faeces of the 21 free-living animals was sampled (9 cervus elaphus-red deer, adult females, 12 capreolus capreolus-roe deer, young females). they were culled by selective-reductive shooting during the winter season of 2014/2015 in the strzałowo forest district-piska ... | 2018 | 30468327 |
| molecular confirmation of hymenolepis hibernia in field mice (apodemus sylvaticus) from st kilda has potential to resolve a host-parasite relationship. | insular wildlife populations provide opportunities to examine biological questions in systems that are relatively closed and potentially tractable, striking examples being the long-term studies of ecology and evolution in the red deer and feral sheep populations on the hebridean islands of rum and st kilda. in the case of parasitology, understanding of parasitic infections insular wildlife populations in conjunction with knowledge of their origins has the potential to add a fresh perspective to ... | 2018 | 30302311 |
| infections with bartonella spp. in free-ranging cervids and deer keds (lipoptena cervi) in norway. | bartonella bacteria are arthropod-borne and can cause long-term bacteremia in humans and animals. the predominant arthropod vectors and the mode of transmission for many novel bartonella species remain elusive or essentially unstudied. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bartonella spp. in norwegian cervids and deer keds (lipoptena cervi) and to characterise the bacteria by sequencing of the partial glta gene and 16 s-23 s rrna intergenic spacer region (its) in order to ev ... | 2018 | 30245047 |
| shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in wild ungulates. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) are zoonotic pathogens that live in the gastrointestinal tract of wildlife and cattle without causing disease. in humans, their colonization and infection lead to life-threatening disease. we investigated the occurrence of stec in wild ungulates (wild boar, red deer and roe deer) inhabiting areas differently impacted by anthropogenic activities. stec were detected in 9% (n = 6) of the samples and were recovered from the three species: 1 of wild boar, ... | 2019 | 30227290 |
| meat quality of farmed red deer fed a balanced diet: effects of supplementation with copper bolus on different muscles. | supplementation with copper (cu) improves deer antler characteristics, but it could modify meat quality and increase its cu content to levels potentially harmful for humans. here, we studied the effects of cu bolus supplementation by means on quality and composition of sternocephalicus (st) and rectus abdominis (ra) muscles (n=13 for each one) from yearling male red deer fed with a balanced diet. each intraruminal bolus, containing 3.4 g of cu, was administered orally in the treatment group to c ... | 2019 | 30134996 |
| multiple anthropogenic interventions drive puma survival following wolf recovery in the greater yellowstone ecosystem. | humans are primary drivers of declining abundances and extirpation of large carnivores worldwide. management interventions to restore biodiversity patterns, however, include carnivore reintroductions, despite the many unresolved ecological consequences associated with such efforts. using multistate capture-mark-recapture models, we explored age-specific survival and cause-specific mortality rates for 134 pumas (puma concolor) monitored in the greater yellowstone ecosystem during gray wolf (canis ... | 2018 | 30073082 |
| mycobacterium bovis persistence in two different captive wild animal populations in germany: a longitudinal molecular epidemiological study revealing pathogen transmission by whole-genome sequencing. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) caused by mycobacterium bovis is a transmissible disease notifiable to the world organization for animal health and to the european union, with ongoing efforts of surveillance and eradication in every eu member state. in germany, a country which has been declared officially free from bovine tuberculosis since 1997 by the eu, m. bovis infections still occur sporadically in cattle and other mammals, including humans. here, the transmission routes of a btb outbreak in a wi ... | 2018 | 29950330 |
| a survey of parasite lesions in wild red deer ( cervus elaphus) from argentina. | in argentina there is little information about diseases that affect exotic ungulates and the health risks that they pose to native wildlife, livestock, and humans. the aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of red deer ( cervus elaphus) in the nahuel huapi national park and surrounding areas in patagonia, argentina. during three consecutive hunting seasons, necropsies were performed on 101 red deer, and tissues were examined histologically. the most common lesions were those associa ... | 2018 | 29791294 |
| a genomic region containing rec8 and rnf212b is associated with individual recombination rate variation in a wild population of red deer (cervus elaphus). | recombination is a fundamental feature of sexual reproduction, ensuring proper disjunction, preventing mutation accumulation and generating new allelic combinations upon which selection can act. however it is also mutagenic, and breaks up favorable allelic combinations previously built up by selection. identifying the genetic drivers of recombination rate variation is a key step in understanding the causes and consequences of this variation, how loci associated with recombination are evolving an ... | 2018 | 29764960 |
| antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts against bacterial pathogens isolated from faeces of red deer (cervus elaphus). | antibacterial activity is the most widely studied aspect of plant extracts. antibiotics extensively produced and consumed in large quantities, have proved to be problematic due to various types of adverse effects. the development of bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics has necessitated the search for new antibacterial agents. one of the alternative strategies for fighting antibiotic- resistant bacteria is the use of natural antimicrobial substances such as plant extracts. we t ... | 2017 | 29611658 |
| the prevalence of yersinia enterocolitica in game animals in poland. | natural reservoirs of yersinia (y.) enterocolitica comprise different animal species, but little is known about the role of wild animals in the epidemiology of yersiniosis. the aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of y. enterocolitica among game animals in poland. the bio-serotypes and the pathogenicity markers of the analyzed isolates were determined. the experimental material comprised rectal swabs from 857 free-living animals hunter-harvested over a period of 2 years (2013-2014) in ... | 2018 | 29596492 |
| chronic wasting disease (cwd) in cervids. | in april and may of 2016, norway confirmed two cases of chronic wasting disease (cwd) in a wild reindeer and a wild moose, respectively. in the light of this emerging issue, the european commission requested efsa to recommend surveillance activities and, if necessary, additional animal health risk-based measures to prevent the introduction of the disease and the spread into/within the eu, specifically estonia, finland, iceland, latvia, lithuania, norway, poland and sweden, and considering seven ... | 2017 | 32625260 |
| elk resource selection and implications for anthrax management in montana. | anthrax, caused by the spore-forming bacterium bacillus anthracis, is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and animals throughout the world. in north america, anthrax outbreaks occur in livestock and wildlife species. vaccine administration in wildlife is untenable; the most effective form of management is surveillance and decontamination of carcasses. successful management is critical because untreated carcasses can create infectious zones increasing risk for other susceptible hosts. we studi ... | 2016 | 29887642 |
| identification of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from wild animals in turkey. | many enzootic life cycles involving wild animals and non-nidicolous ixodids are still unknown. therefore, the aim of this study was to report the identified tick species collected from seven different animal species (red deer, brown bear, gray wolf, eurasian lynx, red fox, european hare, and mediterranean spur-thighed tortoise) living in the wild in turkey and to investigate the presence of a wide range of tick-borne microorganisms in the tick samples obtained from these animals. the collected t ... | 2020 | 32683558 |
| weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system. | the extent to which prey space use actively minimizes predation risk continues to ignite controversy. methodological reasons that have hindered consensus include inconsistent measurements of predation risk, biased spatiotemporal scales at which responses are measured and lack of robust null expectations. we addressed all three challenges in a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal responses of adult female elk (cervus elaphus) to the risk of predation by wolves (canis lupus) during winter ... | 2020 | 30838656 |
| mobiseq: de novo snp discovery in model and non-model species through sequencing the flanking region of transposable elements. | in recent years, the availability of reduced representation library (rrl) methods has catalysed an expansion of genome-scale studies to characterize both model and non-model organisms. most of these methods rely on the use of restriction enzymes to obtain dna sequences at a genome-wide level. these approaches have been widely used to sequence thousands of markers across individuals for many organisms at a reasonable cost, revolutionizing the field of population genomics. however, there are still ... | 2019 | 30575257 |
| bovine tuberculosis outbreak in farmed american bison (bison bison) in poland. | poland has been an officially bovine tuberculosis (btb) free country for the last seven years. the problem currently observed is the increasing number of new cases of btb in wild species, kept in a farmed herd and free-living herd: european bison (bison bonasus), wild boar (sus scrofa), wolves (canis lupus) and red deer (cervus elaphus). this article presents the case of mycobacterium caprae transmission to an american bison (bison bison) herd kept on a private farm in eastern poland. | 2017 | 29611649 |
| recolonizing gray wolves increase parasite infection risk in their prey. | the recent recolonization of central europe by the european gray wolf (canis lupus) provides an opportunity to study the dynamics of parasite transmission for cases when a definitive host returns after a phase of local extinction. we investigated whether a newly established wolf population increased the prevalence of those parasites in ungulate intermediate hosts representing wolf prey, whether some parasite species are particularly well adapted to wolves, and the potential basis for such adapta ... | 2018 | 29468033 |
| immunohistochemical assessment of immune response in the dermis of sarcoptes scabiei-infested wild carnivores (wolf and fox) and ruminants (chamois and red deer). | sarcoptic mange is caused by the mite sarcoptes scabiei and has been described in several species of domestic and wild mammals. macroscopic lesions are predominantly hyperkeratotic (type i hypersensitivity) in fox, chamois and deer, but alopecic (type iv hypersensitivity) in wolf and some fox populations. to begin to understand the immune processes underlying these species differences in lesions, we examined skin biopsies from wolves (canis lupus), foxes (vulpes vulpes), chamois (rupicapra rupic ... | 2020 | 32640758 |
| what does the wolf eat? assessing the diet of the endangered iberian wolf (canis lupus signatus) in northeast portugal. | the iberian wolf (canis lupus signatus) is a top predator that inhabits the iberian peninsula. in portugal, its numbers and distribution declined throughout the 20th century, due to human persecution, habitat degradation and prey decline, which have led to higher predation rates of livestock in the remaining packs. in montesinho natural park (northeast portugal), wild ungulate populations have been increasing in the last years, which may have led wolf to predate upon them. in order to assess ibe ... | 2020 | 32231379 |
| infectious wildlife diseases in austria-a literature review from 1980 until 2017. | this literature review examines infectious wildlife disease research in austria. we analyzed 226 research papers, published between 1980 and 2017. we determined that wildlife disease papers increased significantly from 0.8 ± 0.8 publications per year in the first decade (1980-1989) when compared to 2008-2017 with an average of 12.9 ± 4.1 publications per year. we illustrate information about the most investigated diseases and highlight the lack of research into certain wildlife pathogens. a spec ... | 2020 | 32154271 |
| the importance of wildlife in the ecology and epidemiology of the tbe virus in sweden: incidence of human tbe correlates with abundance of deer and hares. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is one tick-transmitted disease where the human incidence has increased in some european regions during the last two decades. we aim to find the most important factors causing the increasing incidence of human tbe in sweden. based on a review of published data we presume that certain temperature-related variables and the population densities of transmission hosts, i.e. small mammals, and of primary tick maintenance hosts, i.e. cervids and lagomorphs, of the tbe viru ... | 2018 | 30153856 |
| serological survey of toxoplasma gondii and besnoitia besnoiti in a wildlife conservation area in southern portugal. | toxoplasma gondii and besnoitia besnoiti are closely related apicomplexan protozoa. t. gondii is a zoonotic pathogen which may cause serious disease in man and warm-blooded animals, including wild species. b. besnoiti causes bovine besnoitiosis, an emergent disease in europe, which is linked to important production losses. unlike t. gondii, the life cycle of b. besnoiti remains a mystery, since the definitive host has not yet been identified. the aim of this work was to determine the seroprevale ... | 2016 | 31014504 |
| valuing biodiversity attributes: a choice experiment design. | this study seeks to estimate household's willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation in dachigam national park, which houses the last viable population of asiatic black bear and the hangul (which is the only surviving sub-species of red deer in the world). a survey based on choice experiment method was carried out at dachigam national park, an area that is threatened by several anthropogenic pressures. a set of attributes, such as endangered species, national park area and research and educ ... | 2020 | 32648162 |
| sarcocystis infection in red deer (cervus elaphus) with eosinophilic myositis/fasciitis in switzerland and involvement of red foxes (vulpesvulpes) and hunting dogs in the transmission. | red deer (cervus elaphus) carcasses showing grey-greenish discolouration have been increasingly observed in the canton of grisons, switzerland. we investigated whether sarcocystis infections were associated with this pathology, and whether wild and domestic canids were involved in their transmission. meat from affected red deer (n = 26), faeces and intestines from red foxes (vulpesvulpes) (n = 126), and faeces from hunting dogs (n = 12) from the region, were analysed. eosinophilic myositis and/o ... | 2020 | 33083225 |
| generalized tuberculosis due to mycobacterium caprae in a red fox (vulpes vulpes) in austria. | mycobacterium caprae subtype lechtal was detected in a red fox (vulpes vulpes) shot by a hunter in 2018 in the western part of austria, where, among wildlife, tuberculosis is known to occur in red deer (cervus elaphus). the red fox showed a generalized (disseminated) manifestation of the disease and a multibacillary distribution of mycobacteria in the inner organs. | 2020 | 32402235 |
| mycobacterium bovis infection in red foxes in four animal tuberculosis endemic areas in france. | in france, animal tuberculosis (tb) due to mycobacterium bovis (m.bovis) affects a multi-host community that include cattle and wildlife species such as wild boars (sus scrofa), badgers (meles meles), or wild deer (cervus elaphus, capreolus capreolus). the involvement of foxes in the epidemiology of tb is fairly described in countries facing multispecies concerns. after the discovery of grouped cases of tb in foxes in a french tb endemic region, a study was implemented in the core of four tb end ... | 2020 | 32709124 |
| protective effect of oral bcg and inactivated mycobacterium bovis vaccines in european badgers (meles meles) experimentally infected with m. bovis. | in europe, badgers (meles meles) are recognized as major tuberculosis (tb) reservoir hosts with the potential to transmit infection to associated cattle herds. recent studies in spain have demonstrated that vaccination with a heat-inactivated mycobacterium bovis vaccine (himb) successfully protects captive wild boar and red deer against progressive disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two oral vaccines against tb in a badger model: the live-attenuated m. bovis bacillus ... | 2020 | 32118064 |
| assessment of bovine tuberculosis surveillance effectiveness in french wildlife: an operational approach. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a chronic, zoonotic, bacterial disease mostly caused by mycobacterium bovis, which can affect both domestic and wild species. france was officially declared btb-free in 2001 but faced since 2004 an increase of the prevalence in cattle. since 2001, btb has been detected in several wild species: red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), wild boar (sus scrofa) and badger (meles meles). infected wild species constitute a major threat, because they may co ... | 2020 | 31923750 |
| do prey select for vacant hunting domains to minimize a multi-predator threat? | many ecosystems contain sympatric predator species that hunt in different places and times. we tested whether this provides vacant hunting domains, places and times where and when predators are least active, that prey use to minimize threats from multiple predators simultaneously. we measured how northern yellowstone elk (cervus elaphus) responded to wolves (canis lupus) and cougars (puma concolor), and found that elk selected for areas outside the high-risk domains of both predators consistent ... | 2019 | 31373137 |
| unleaded hunting: are copper bullets and lead-based bullets equally effective for killing big game? | semi-jacketed lead-cored or copper-based homogenous rifle bullets are commonly used for hunting big game. ever since their introduction in the 1990's, copper-based bullets have not been widely accepted by hunters due to limited supply, higher expense, and the perception that they exhibit inferior killing efficiency and correspondingly higher wounding rates. here, we present data showing that animal flight distances for roe deer, red deer, brown bear, and moose dispatched with lead- or copper-bas ... | 2019 | 30919260 |